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A. DNA Structure
DNA is a nucleic acid composed of nucleotide monomers
DNA nucleotide consists of:
• one phosphate group
• one deoxyribose sugar
• one nitrogenous base
DNA Strands are anti parallel (numbering of strands is based on position of deoxyribose
sugars)
B. DNA Replication
Process by which DNA is duplicated
• occurs during the S phase of Interphase
• is semi-conservative (Meselon and Stahl)
C. COMPARISON OF DNA AND RNA
RNA is a more versitle molecule than DNA. It is able to store and code for
information or act as a catalyst. RNA however is less stable than DNA --
subject to degredation or mutation.
tRNA
Eukaryotic mRNA must be processed before it exits nucleus and enters cytoplasm
• nucleotide cap is added
• “poly A tail” is added
• introns are removed
E. Translation
Protein is made from mRNA
• occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
THE GENETIC CODE
REVIEW:
Genetic information flows in cell from DNA > RNA > protein
F. Mutation
A physical change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA
* may not affect phenotype (silent mutation)
* can form spontaneously or be induced by a mutagen