INDIAN STANDARDS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY

BIS presentation for INDO-US Digital Video Conferencing on Water Standards

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), erstwhile ISI, works under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Govt. of India. It is governed by Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and Rules and Regulations framed there under. BIS has been entrusted the job of formulation of National Standards under an Act of Parliament.

STANDARD FORMULATION PROCEDURE

Standards are formulated through Technical Committees / Division councils. Interests Represented in Technical Committees
Manufacturers Consumers Technologists Regulators R & D Institutions

Consensus principle as per ISO/IEC Guide. Documents sent for wide circulation for public comments before finalization.

INDIAN STANDARDS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY

IS 10500:1991* IS 13428:2005 Indian Standard - Drinking water Specification (First Revision) Indian Standard - Packaged natural mineral water Specification (Second Revision) Indian Standard - Packaged drinking water (other than packaged natural mineral water) Specification (First Revision)

IS 14543:2004

* IS 10500 is currently under second revision.

DEFINITIONS
DRINKING WATER

Water from any potable water source including public drinking water supply systems.

DEFINITIONS PACKAGED DRINKING WATER (OTHER THAN PACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL WATER)
Packaged drinking water means water derived from surface water or underground water or sea water which is subjected to hereinunder specified treatments, namely, decantation, filtration, combination of filtration, aerations, filtration with membrane filter depth filter, cartridge filter, activated carbon filtration, demineralization, remineralization, reverse osmosis and packed after disinfecting the water to a level that shall not lead to any harmful contamination in the drinking water by means of chemical agents or physical methods to reduce the number of microorganisms to a level beyond scientifically accepted level for food safety or its suitability: Cont

DEFINITIONS

DEFINITIONS

DEFINITIONS PACKAGED DRINKING WATER (OTHER THAN PACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL WATER)
Provided that sea water, before being subjected to the above treatments, shall be subjected to desalination and related processes. It shall be filled in sealed containers of various compositions, forms and capacities that is suitable for direct consumption without further treatment. In case remineralization is a part of the treatment process, the ingredients used shall be food grade quality and conform to the requirements of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and the Rules framed thereunder.

DEFINITIONS

DEFINITIONS

PACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL WATER

Water clearly distinguishable from ordinary drinking water because: it is obtained directly from natural or drilled sources from underground water-bearing strata for which all possible precautions should be taken within the protected perimeters to avoid any pollution of, or external influence on, the chemical and physical qualities; it is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative proportions and the presence of trace elements or of other constituents; Cont.

DEFINITIONS WATER PACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL

of the constancy of its composition and the stability of its discharge and its temperature, due account being taken of the cycles of minor natural fluctuations; it is collected under conditions which guarantee the original microbiological purity and chemical composition of essential components; it is packaged close to the point of emergence of the source with particular hygienic precautions; and it is not subjected to any treatment other than those permitted by this standard.

DEFINITIONS

TYPES OF TYPES OF NATURAL MINERAL WATER NATURAL MINERAL WATER

Naturally carbonated natural mineral water Non-carbonated natural mineral water Decarbonated natural mineral water Natural mineral water fortified with carbon dioxide from the source. Carbonated natural mineral water

TREATMENT AND HANDLING permitted for NATURAL MINERAL WATER

Treatments permitted include separation from unstable constituents, such as compounds containing iron, manganese, sulphur or arsenic, by recantation and/or simple filtration up to 0.5 microns, if necessary, accelerated by previous aeration. The treatments may only be carried out on condition that the mineral content of the water is not modified in its essential constituents, which give the water its properties. The transport of natural mineral waters in bulk containers for packaging or for any other process before packaging is prohibited.

IS 14543:2004
Indian Standard - Packaged drinking water (other than packaged natural mineral water) Specification (First Revision) This standard was originally published in 1998. In preparing this standard, assistance had been derived from the following: a) Manual on water supply and treatment (third edition), 1991, prepared by the expert committee constituted under the Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi. b) Codex Code of practice for collecting, processing and marketing of natural mineral waters (CAC/RCP 33- 1985). c) EEC Directive, 80/778/EEC relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption. The first revision has been undertaken to incorporate six amendments along with the technological developments, check list for hygienic requirements and consumer requirements.

IS 13428:2005
Indian Standard - Packaged natural mineral water) Specification (Second Revision) This standard was published in 1992. In preparing this standard, assistance had been derived from EEC Directive, 80/778/EEC relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption. It was subsequently revised in 1998 to align with the revised Codex Standard for natural mineral water and to include hygienic practices in line with Codex (CAC/RCP 33- 1985) Code of practice for collecting, processing and marketing of natural mineral waters. The second revision has been undertaken to incorporate five amendments along with the technological developments, check list for hygienic requirements, and consumer requirements.

SCOPE
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

SCOPE

This standard prescribes the requirements and methods of sampling and test for packaged drinking water (other than natural mineral water) offered for sale in packaged form.

This standard prescribes the requirements and methods of sampling and test for natural mineral waters offered for sale in packaged form for human consumption.
NOTE It does not apply to natural mineral water sold or used for other purposes.

MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS

Characteristic Escherichia coli (or thermotolerant bacteria) Coliform bacteria Faecal streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus Sulphite reducing anaerobes Pseudomonas aeruginosa

IS 14543:2004

IS 13428 :2005

absent in 250 ml sample absent in 250 ml sample absent in 250 ml sample absent in 50 ml sample absent in 250 ml sample

absent in 250 ml sample absent in 250 ml sample absent in 250 ml sample absent in 50 ml sample absent in 250 ml sample

Cont.

MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS

Characteristic Aerobic Microbial Count -at 20 to 22C in 72 h
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

--NS-shall not exceed 100 per ml shall not exceed 20 per ml absent in 250 ml absent in 250 sample ml sample absent in 250 ml absent in 250 sample ml sample absent in 250 ml absent in 250 sample ml sample

at 37C in 24 h

Yeast and Mould Salmonella and Shigella Vibrio cholera and V. parahaemolyticus

ORGANOLEPTIC & PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

Characteristic
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

Colour, true colour units, Max Odour Taste Turbidity, NTU, Max Total dissolved solids, mg/l pH value

2 Agreeable Agreeable 2 500

2 Agreeable Agreeable 2

150 TO 700 6.5 TO 8.5 6.5 TO 8.5

GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS

Characteristic Barium (as Ba), mg/l, Max Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l, Max Nitrite (as NO2), mg/l, Max Fluoride (as F), mg/l, Max Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, Max Silver (as Ag), mg/l, Max Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

1.0 0.05 0.1 0.1 45 0.02 1.0 5 0.01 0.03

1.0 1.0 --NS-2.0 50 0.02 1.0 5 0.01 --NS--

Cont.

GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Characteristic Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, Max Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l, Max Alkalinity (as HCO3), mg/l, Max Calcium (as Ca), mg/l, Max Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max Sodium (as Na), mg/l, Max Residual free chlorine, mg/l, Max Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l, Max Mineral Oil, mg/l, Max
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

200 0.01 200 200 75 30 200 0.2 Absent Absent

200 0.05 200 75 to 400 100 50 150 --NS-Absent Absent

Cont.

GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING GENERAL SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Characteristic Anionic surface active agents (as MBAS), mg/l, Max Sulphide (as H2S), mg/l, Max Antimony (as Sb), mg/l, Max Borate (as B), mg/l, Max
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

0.2 0.05 0.005 5

Not detectable 0.05 0.005 5

PARAMETERS CONCERNING PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC TOXIC SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCES
Characteristic Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max Chromium (as Cr), mg/l, Max Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, Max Polychlorinated biphenyle (PCB) Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

0.001 0.01 0.05 Absent 0.01 0.05 0.02 Not detectable Not detectable

0.001 0.003 0.05 Absent 0.01 0.05 0.02 Not detectable Not detectable

PARAMETERS CONCERNING RADIO ACTIVE RESIDUES

Characteristic Alpha emitters, Bq/l, Max Beta emitters, Bq/l, Max
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005

0.1 1

0.1 1

PESTICIDE RESIDUES LIMITS

IS 14543:2004
The maximum limit of the pesticide residues for pesticides as given in Annex D shall be as follows: Parameters Pesticide residues considered individually Total pesticide residue Limits

IS 13428:2005
Residues of pesticides for pesticides as given in Annex N shall be below the detectable limits

Not more than 0.0001 mg/1 Not more than 0.0005 mg/1

Cont.

ANNEX D OF IS 14543:2004 AND ANNEX N OF IS 13428:2005

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Name of Pesticide USEPA DDT (o,p & p,p- isomers of 508 DDT, DDE & DDD) g-HCH (Lindane) a, b & d -HCH Endosulfan (a, b and Sulphate) Monocrotophos Ethion Chlorpyrifos 508 508 508 8141A 1657A 525.2, 8141A 990.06 990.06 990.06 990.06 Test Methods AOAC

Phorate (Phorate and its 8141A oxygen analogue i.e. phorate sulphoxide and phorate sulphone)

Cont.

ANNEX D OF IS 14543:2004 AND ANNEX D OF IS 14543:2004 AND ANNEX N OF IS 13428:2005 ANNEX N OF IS 13428:2005
9 10 11 12 13 14 2,4-D Butachlor Isoproturon Alachor Atrazine 515.1 525.2, 8141A 532 525.2, 507 525.2, 8141A ISO 10695 -

Methyl Parathion ( Methyl 8141A Parathion and its oxygen analogue i.e. methylparaoxon ) Malathion ( Malathion and 8141A its oxygen analogue i.e. malaoxon ) Aldrin and dieldrin 525.2

15

16

990.06

HYGIENIC CONDITIONS
IS 14543:2004 and 13428:2005 prescribes hygienic practices for collection, processing, handling, packaging and marketing of source water and also give a checklist for good hygienic practices and food safety system for packaged water processing units and packaged natural mineral water processing units respectively.

PACKING
Packaged drinking water and natural mineral water shall be packed in clean, hygienic, colorless, transparent and tamperproof bottles/containers, made of polyethylene (PE) conforming to IS 10146 or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conforming to IS 10151 or polypropylene conforming to IS 10910 or polyalkylene terephthalate (PET and PBT) conforming to IS 12252 or polycarbonate conforming to IS 14971 or polystyrene conforming to IS 10142 or sterile glass bottles suitable for preventing possible adulteration or contamination of the water or polyethylene bags conforming to IS 15609. Plastic containers shall be conforming to IS 15410. All packaging materials of plastic origin shall pass the overall migration and colour migration limits as laid down in the relevant Indian Standards for products for respective packaging material when tested as per method given in IS 9845

LABELLING PROHIBITIONS
No claims concerning medicinal (preventative, alleviative or curative) effects shall be made in respect of the properties of the product covered by the standard. Claims of other beneficial effects related to the health of the consumer shall not be made. The name of the locality, hamlet or specified place may not form part of the brand name unless it refers to a packaged drinking water collected processed at the place designated by that brand name. The use of any statement or of any pictorial device which may create confusion in the mind of the public or in any way mislead the public about the nature, origin, composition and properties of drinking water is prohibited.

Packaged Drinking Water and Packaged Natural Mineral Water are under mandatory BIS certification as per the PFA Rules, 1955 administered by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

IS 10500:1991
Indian Standard Drinking water Specification (First Revision)

This standard was originally published in 1983 with the objective of assessing the quality of water resources, and to check the effectiveness of water treatment and supply by the concerned authorities.

In the formulation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publications:

a) International Standards for Drinking Water issued by World Health Organization, 1984 Geneva; b) Manual of Standards of Quality for Drinking Water Supplies. Indian Council of Medical Research, 1971, New Delhi; and c) Manual on Water Supply and Treatment ( third revision ), Ministry of Urban Development, 1989, New Delhi.

Indian Standard Drinking water Specification (First Revision) Indian Standard Drinking water Specification (First Revision)

IS 10500:1991 IS 10500:1991

The first revision was undertaken to take into account the update information available about the nature and effect of various contaminants as also the new techniques for identifying and determining their concentration and the first revision was published in 1991.

SCOPE
The standard prescribes the requirements for the essential and desirable characteristics required to be tested for ascertaining the suitability of water for drinking purpose.

SCOPE

REQUIREMENTS
The standard mentions the desirable limit and indicates its background. It is recommended that the Desirable limit is to be implemented. Values in excess of those mentioned under Desirable render the water not acceptable, but still may be tolerated in the absence of alternative source but up to the limit indicated under Permissible limit in the absence of alternate source above which the sources will have to rejected.

ORGANOLEPTIC & PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Substance or Characteristic Requirement Limit) 5 Unobjectionable Agreeable 5 500 6.5 to 8.5 (Desirable Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source 25 10 2000 No relaxation 600

Colour, Hazen units, Max Odour Taste Turbidity, NTU, Max Dissolved solids, mg/l, Max pH value

Total hardness (as CaCO3), 300 mg/l, Max

GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Substance or Characteristic Requirement (Desirable Permissible limit in the Absence Limit) of Alternate source 0.05 0.3 0.1 45 1.0 5 0.03 250 1.5 1.0 0.3 No relaxation 1.5 15 0.2 1000

Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l, Max Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, Max Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max Chlorides (as Cl), mg/l, Max

Cont.

GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS

Sl. No. 9 10 Substance or Characteristic Requirement (Desirable Permissible limit in the Absence Limit) of Alternate source 0.01 200 No relaxation 400
(May be extended upto 400 provided that Mg does not exceed 30)

Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max

11 12 13 14

Alkalinity, mg/l, Max Calcium (as Ca), mg/l, Max Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max

200 75 30

600 200 100

Residual, Free chlorine, mg/l, 0.2 Min (To be applicable only when
water is chlorinated. When protection against viral infection is required, it should be Min0.5 mg/l)

Cont.

GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS

Sl. No. 15 16 17 18 Substance or Characteristic Requirement (Desirable Permissible limit in the Absence Limit) of Alternate source (as 0.001 0.01 0.002 0.03 1.0 5

Phenolic compounds C6H5OH) mg/l, Max Mineral Oil, mg/l, Max

Anionic detergents (as MBAS), 0.2 mg/l, Max Boron (as B), mg/l, Max 1

PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC SUBSTANCES

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Substance Characteristic or Requirement (Desirable Permissible limit in the Limit) Absence of Alternate source No relaxation No relaxation No relaxation No relaxation No relaxation No relaxation NS

Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, 0.001 Max Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, 0.01 Max Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max 0.01

Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, 0.05 Max Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max 0.05

Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/l, 0.05 Max Polynuclear Aromatic NS Hydrocarbons (as PAH), mg/l, Max Pesticides mg/l Max Absent

0.001

PARAMETERS CONCERNING RADIO ACTIVE RESIDUES

Sl. No. Substance Characteristic or Requirement (Desirable Limit) Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source

1 a) b)

Radioactive materials Alpha Max emitters Bq/l, 0.1 1

Beta emitters pci/l, Max

BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER

WATER IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Through out any year, 95% of samples should not contain any coliform organism in 100 ml; No sample should contain E. coli in 100 ml; No sample should contain more than 10 coliform organisms per 100 ml; and Coliform organisms should not be detectable in 100 ml of any two consecutive samples. UNPIPED WATER SUPPLIES Bacteriologically, the Objective should be to reduce the coliform count to less than 10 per 100 ml, but more importantly to ensure the absence of faecal coliform organisms.

VIROLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER

10500:1991 has a section on Virological Examination of Drinking Water but it does not specify any limit for viruses in Drinking Water

CURRENT STATUS OF IS 10500

The standard is presently under second revision which has been undertaken to upgrade the requirements of the standard and align with the internationally available specifications on Drinking Water.

CURRENT STATUS OF IS 10500

DOCUMENTS BEING CONSIDERED IN THE SECOND REVISION

EU Directives relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption (80/778/EEC) and Council Directive 98/83/EC. USEPA standard National primary drinking water standard. EPA 816-F-02-013 dated July, 2002. WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 3rd Edition, 2004 Manual on Water supply and treatment, third edition revised and updated May 1999, Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi.