POLITECNICO DI TORINO

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

Motor Vehicle Design

A.Y. 2009/2010

Project 4 Braking

Team 1

ALMEIDA SILVESTRINI, Pedro Wagner GIBRAN FONSECA, Pedro KARASINSKI, Bruno MAROCHI ALMEIDA, Francis Jos

1 - Ideal braking - x is the same for all the wheels

1.1. Ploting the curve of the braking force at the rear axle as function of the braking force on the front axle in the following operating condition: - Ideal braking

- x1 = constant (consider x1 in the range -0.2 -1.2 with step 0.2) - x2 = constant (consider x2 in the range -0.2 -1.2 with step 0.2)

- Constant deceleration minimum dV/dt= -0.2g, maximum dV/dt= -1.2g with step 0.2g

Braking force at the rear axle as function of the braking force on the front axle consider the mass standard A (vehicle mass + driver mass = 75 kg and baggage mass = 10 kg)

When comparing the results with the bibliography, we can realize that the behavior of our curves is the one expected. Braking force at the rear axle as function of the braking force on the front axle consider the mass standard F (St B + 4 passengers= 280 kg and 1 baggage for each passenger = 40 kg totally)

When changing the standard B from F we increase the mass and then we got as response an increase on the x1, x2 and the same occurred on dV/dT.

2 - Braking in actual conditions 2.1. Design Kb using a value of x = -0.4 for which the actual braking intersects the ideal braking. At this stage the relation between Fx1 and Fx2 is fixed. The ratio between the braking torque on the rear and front axle is constant and can be defined the ratio between the braking torque on the rear and on the front axle. As the radius of the rear and front wheels is the same, Kb can be expressed as:

Kb=Fx1/Fx2

It is needed to define the value of x at which the actual braking curve intersects the ideal braking curve.

As result we got Kb= 1,75

2.2. Plot b as a function of x

2.3. Design the proportional valve as Kb' = Fx1/Fx2 for-1 x -0.4. It is suggested to set the new intersection of the actual braking with the ideal braking at x = -1. Identify the braking condition for which the proportional valve starts working. It is suggested to set this operating point when the 90 % of the actual braking force occurs (with respect to the rear one). 2.4. Plot b as a function of x taking into account the role of the proportional valve, and using the load standard F.

Plotting the curve Fx1 as function of Fx2 with the designed Kb and the plot of ideal braking, we find a intersection point. Calculating 90% this value we have a point. We also have another point, the maximum, which is given by the ideal braking conditions. Then we can find a line passing throw these two points, this way is possible to calculate the Kb'= 5,63.

The proportioning valve reduces the pressure to the rear brakes, regardless of what type of brakes the car has, the rear brakes require less force than the front brakes. This valve avoid locking of the rear wheels without lowering the efficiency at low values of x.