Unit 3: Switching Networks Single Stage Networks Explain the design of a single stage 100 line exchange with

Two Motion Selectors. Draw a neat diagram. Explain the design of a single stage 100 line exchange with Cross Points. Draw a neat diagram. Gradings: Define - Grading - Availability - Limited Availability - Full Availability Principle Explain the Principle of Grading to improve Trunking efficiency. Draw a neat diagram. Design of progressive grading Define Graded Groups. Explain the procedure for designing a grading to Provide access to N trunks from switches with availability k. Which is the best grading? Other forms of grading Explain the Skipped Grading and Homogeneous Grading. Draw neat diagrams. Traffic capacity of gradings For an ideal Grading, state and explain the Erlangs grading formula. Applications of gradings Write a brief note on Applications of gradings in a Telecommunication Switching Network. Link Systems: General Draw neat diagram for links in a Two Stage Switching Network with 64 by 8 and 8 by 4 switches in a 64 by 16 concentrator. Draw corresponding Grading Diagram. State and explain modes of a Link System. Link System for Two stage networks Explain the design procedure for N by N switch with two stages and no. of links = N. What is the total no. of cross-points required?08 Two stage networks Explain the Grade of Service of Two stage networks In the three modes of the link system. Three stage networks Explain the Grade of Service of Two stage networks In the mode 1 and mode 2 of the link system. Call packing Explain the concept of call packing. Rearrange-able networks

Explain the concept of Rearrange-able networks. Strict sense non blocking networks Explain the concept of Strict sense non blocking network with the help of a suitable example. Derive the expression for total no. of crosspoints of a Three stage Strict sense non blocking network with N inlets and N outlets with each primary and tertiary switch having n inlets / outlets. Sectionalized switching networks Explain the concept of Sectionalized switching network. Control of Switching Systems: Explain the evolution of switching systems. What is meant by Stored Program Control? Draw and explain organization of a distributed SPC. What are different levels of control functions in a distributed SPC? Explain operations of each level in detail. Call processing Functions: Sequence of operations State and explain in detail Sequence of operations of a for a telephone call. Signal exchanges, State transition diagrams. Draw and explain Signal exchange diagram for a local call along with timing of signals exchanged. Common Control Explain in detail Common Controls and methods to interconnect them with switching network. Reliability Calculate unavailability of a dual processor system for a period of 30 years if its MTBF = 4000 Hrs. and MTTR = 9 Hrs Calculate unavailability of a dual processor system for a period of 25 years if its MTBF = 3800 Hrs. and MTTR = 8 Hrs. Signaling: Write a brief note on Signaling Systems in a Telecommunication Network. Explain the terms - In-channel signaling - Common channel signaling Explain the terms - In-band signaling - Out-band signaling Explain the terms - Link to Link signaling - End to End signaling Common channel signaling principles: General

Explain the term Common channel signaling. State at least 4 advantages. Signaling networks Explain the terms - Associated signaling - Quasi-associated signaling - Non-associated signaling - Signal Transfer Point Draw neat diagrams. CCITT signaling System No. 6 State important specifications of CCITT signaling system No.6.

Unit 4: Network Synchronization and Management Explain the need of synchronization in a network containing analog/digital transmission/switching systems. Timing: Timing Recovery Explain the synchronization of clock in a transmitter and receiver systems using a PLL. Clock Instability What is Clock Instability? What are the sources of Clock Instability? Elastic Stores What is an Elastic Store? What is the effect of unsynchronized clock on Elastic Store? Draw and explain block schematic diagram for interface between TDM transmission link and a digital switch using Elastic Store. What is Jitter? What are the different types of Jitter? How is the Elastic Store used to remove accumulated Jitter? Draw a neat diagram. Draw and explain block schematic diagrams for implementations of an Elastic Store. Jitter measurements What is Timing Jitter?Draw and explain block schematic diagrams for measuring Timing Jitter. Systematic jitter What is Systematic Jitter?What is the effect of Systematic Jitter? Timing Inaccuracy: Draw and explain block schematic diagram for connections between two autonomously timed

digital switches. Slips Draw and explain block schematic diagram for connections between two autonomously timed digital switches. What are Slips? How are they controlled? 08 Asynchronous Multiplexing What is Pulse stuffing? Give an example. Waiting time jitter What is Waiting time Jitter?What is the causes of Waiting time Jitter? Network Synchronization: State basic reasons to pay attention to Network Synchronization.State basic approaches for use in Network Synchronization. Plesiochronous Explain the Plesiochronous Network approach for Network Synchronization. Pulse stuffing Explain the Pulse stuffing approach for Network Synchronization. Mutual synchronization Explain the Mutual synchronization approach for Network Synchronization. Network master Explain the Network master approach for Network Synchronization. Master Slave synchronization Explain the Master Slave clocking approach for Network Synchronization. Hierarchical synchronization Processes Explain the Hierarchical synchronization Processes With the help of state transition diagrams.