R-F, Mobile

June 2003
Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Scope of this Product Comparison
This Product Comparison covers mobile radiographic/fluoroscopic (R/F) units. Stationary R/F systems and mobile units not capable of fluoroscopy are covered in the following reports: Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, GeneralPurpose; Cameras, Radiographic Photospot Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, Urological Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Angiographic/ Interventional, Cardiovascular Radiographic Units, Mobile These units are also called: C-arms. minimal patient time under anesthesia during surgical procedures. Mobile R/F units are used in a variety of general surgical, cardiac, and neurological applications, including aneurysm repair, pacemaker implantation, hip replacement, fracture reduction, foreign-body location, needle biopsy, catheter placement, percutaneous lithotripsy, and brachytherapy. These devices also enable special studies, such as the diagnosis of swallowing disorders, in patients who cannot readily sit on a standard fluoroscopic table or stand on a footboard. Mobile C-arms can also be equipped with a variety of digital hardware and software options for use in angioplasty, interventional neuroradiology, neurosurgery, and trauma care. Compact, scaled-down fluoroscopic imaging systems called mini C-arms are designed for extremity imaging in the emergency room, the operating room, the physician office, and on the industrial site. The user can quickly acquire projections of the patients anatomy from various angles while continuously viewing
UMDNS information
This Product Comparison covers the following device terms and product codes as listed in ECRIs Universal Medical Device Nomenclature System (UMDNS): Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile [11-758] Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile, Extremity [18-435]
Purpose
Mobile R/F units provide radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging in surgical, orthopedic, critical care, and emergency care procedures. They are used to image patients in radiolucent beds, stretchers, or tables when it is not feasible to transport the patient to the radiology department. The fluoroscopic feature allows real-time imaging, which permits quick diagnoses and
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the fluoroscopic images. Radiographic imaging capability may not be provided.
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Principles of operation
A mobile C-arm system usually consists of two wheeled units, one supporting the C-arm and the control console and the other supporting display monitors and image processing and recording devices. The Carm stand consists of a curved arm with an x-ray tube mounted on one end and an image intensifier on the other (see Fig. 1). The stand is constructed so that the C-arm can perform both linear and rotating motions for optimum positioning with respect to the patient. The x-ray tube typically consists of a cathode (spiral tungsten filament) and an anode (tungsten target) in an evacuated glass tube. The filament circuit provides the desired tube current, and the filament heats and begins to emit electrons. High voltage between the filament and target causes these electrons to speed toward the anode, striking it at the focal spot and producing x-rays. Generally, the greater the incoming power, the stronger and more intense the x-rays; applied current (mA) affects the number of electrons and thus the number of x-rays produced, whereas applied kilovoltage (kV) affects their energy and thus their penetrating power. Filters, usually made of aluminum, are placed in the path of the x-ray beam to absorb the less penetrating (soft) x-rays. The more penetrating (hard) x-rays pass through the filters, and the beam is then shaped by a set of collimators. Most C-arm units offer a choice of two focal spot sizes, depending on the imaging mode. In the fluoroscopic mode, focal spots typically range in size from 0.3 to 0.8 mm (0.08 to 0.5 mm for mini units); in the radiographic mode, they range from 0.3 to 1.8 mm. Focal spot size is important in image production because a smaller focal spot produces a clearer image. However, the anode-striking electrons produce intense heat, which can destroy the target anode. Heat intensity increases as focal spot size decreases, causing faster vaporization of the tungsten filament and shortening the life of the x-ray tube. Rotating anodes distribute the constant bombardment of electrons and resist pitting in a particular area. Thus, they can withstand the higher heat loads produced by smaller focal spots. The control console on the C-arm stand is mounted on top of the x-ray generator housing. From the console, the operator can control all the generator technique parameters, which determine the intensity and energy of the x-rays and therefore affect exposure and image quality. The mA settings on the generator control
Horizontal, Vertical Motion
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Orbital Rotation
Figure 1. Various movements of a typical C-arm unit

the intensity of x-rays; a higher mA setting increases electron emission and so increases the intensity of the x-rays. The kVp (peak kilovoltage) setting on the generator controls both the energy and intensity of the x-rays. The mA settings range from 0.02 to 9 mA in the fluoroscopic mode and up to 250 mA in the radiographic mode. The kVp settings typically range from 40 to 125 kVp. A typical fluoroscopic exposure is obtained at 70 kVp at a current of about 2 mA. For production of radiographic spot films, mobile C-arms can be equipped with automatic exposure control, which terminates operation of the x-ray tube when an adequate exposure has been sensed. X-rays emerging from the patient carry the image information to the input phosphor of the image intensifier, an evacuated tube consisting of an input phosphor (cesium iodide), a photocathode, an anode, an output phosphor, and accelerating and focusing electrodes. The energy of the x-rays detected at the input phosphor is emitted as light that causes the photocathode to release electrons. These electrons are accelerated and focused to produce a smaller, brighter image on the output screen than was produced by the input phosphor. The image on the output phosphor is bright, but too small to be effectively observed. All fluoroscopic systems use a charge-coupled device camera to scan and transmit the image to a remote display monitor. In most units, a lens system couples the
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output is pulsed for periods of 10 msec as many as 30 times per second. The image acquired during each pulse is held on the monitor until it is updated by another pulse; therefore, an image is always present on the monitor display, although the pulsed mode display can become jittery if very fast motion is being observed. In pulsed mode, exposure rates can be cut by as much as 75% without a significant loss of image information. The image displayed on the monitor can be saved on a high-capacity disk, video disk, compact disc, or 8 mm tape that can store several hundred images. The image can also be digitally stored in the C-arms digital memory on a local area network (LAN)-configured picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Storage of images on a PACS allows personnel to access and manipulate the images from any location in the facility that has a PACS workstation. (For further information on PACS, see the Product Comparison titled PICTURE ARCHIVING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (PACS), RADIOLOGY.) Digitally stored images can be electronically enhanced and/or subtracted from other stored images. Digital memories on C-arms permit such functions as last-image hold and snapshot mode. In last-image hold, the last fluoroscopic image is digitized, stored in memory, and then continuously displayed on the monitor. This mode allows physicians to view the structures being imaged without continuously exposing the patient to x-rays. In the snapshot mode, several acquired fluoroscopic images are averaged to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Most suppliers offer several options for hard-copy output, including multiformat cameras, video printers, and thermal printers. (For more information, see the Product Comparison titled PRINTERS, DRY IMAGING.) A videotape recorder can be used to record several minutes of live fluoroscopic images. Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging is also now available with some C-arm models to aid physicians during surgery. 3-D imaging provides higher-quality information during surgical procedures, allowing greater accuracy than to two-dimensional imaging. 3-D imaging is especially beneficial in bone and joint exposures, in which high-contrast objects necessitate greater image precision.
camera to the output phosphor, but a few units transfer the image through a fiberoptic coupling. The quoted size of the image intensifier refers to the diameter of the input phosphor and not to the diameter of the patient area that is imaged. Several suppliers offer dual-mode 23/15 cm (9/6 in) image intensifiers; some offer trimode 23/15/11 cm (9/6/4.5 in) image intensifiers. Dual-mode image intensifiers provide one normal and one magnified view, and trimode image intensifiers provide one normal view and two magnified views. Mini C-arms have very small input phosphors, typically 6 to 15 cm (2.5 to 6 in) in diameter, that may permit visualization of only a portion of three fingers simultaneously on one image. Magnified images require moving the extremity closer to the x-ray tube, increasing the level of radiation per unit volume. However, a smaller patient area is exposed, keeping total patient radiation exposure constant. To aid in applications when line power is not available, an optical magnifier can be used to view the output phosphor in place of an electronic monitor. All fluoroscopic imaging systems also incorporate an automatic brightness stabilization system that is designed to maintain a constant image brightness as the image intensifier is moved over various parts of the patient and as contrast material (e.g., barium) enters and exits the field of view. The image can be kept at a constant brightness in one of two ways: by varying kVp and mA to compensate for variations in patient and imaging conditions (automatic dose control) or by adjusting the automatic gain control on the video system. Continuous fluoroscopy for long periods of time delivers a significant amount of radiation to the patient. Pulsed fluoroscopy is a technique in which the x-ray
Reported problems
Because mobile C-arms can be used in almost any area of the hospital, efforts must be made to protect operators and bystanders from radiation exposure. Operators should wear shielding garments such as lead aprons, and, if possible, the C-arm should be used only where the exposure of others will be limited.

Portable shields can serve as barriers to any scattered radiation. The level of radiation exposure to the operator should be monitored in accordance with applicable state and/or federal regulations and should include the use of film badges or pocket dosimeters. Higher mA or kVp settings allow short exposure times and minimize blurring of the image due to patient or organ movement. Because of design constraints, mobile units often have lower tube currents for radiography than do stationary units; therefore, the images they produce are usually not as clear as those obtained from fixed equipment. Some manufacturers units are equipped with a high-level control feature designed to reduce quantum mottle during angiography. This feature permits the federally regulated entrance air kerma rate (a measure of patient radiation dose) limit to be temporarily exceeded through a special means of activation called boost mode, which increases the milliampere range. However, this mode can produce exposure levels many times the maximum recommended dose and should be used with care. Another factor affecting both image quality and usefulness is the difficulty in accurately positioning the patient and the unit during bedside radiography and fluoroscopy. Regular mobile C-arms can be difficult to maneuver because they are large, heavy, and hard to see around. Carpeted floors and hallways and the small emergency and intensive care treatment rooms found in most hospitals add to this difficulty. In addition, units that are unevenly balanced can tip over; because of the weight of the x-ray unit chassis, tube locks and support mechanisms may fail or require frequent alignment and adjustments. Collisions of the image intensifier and the tube housing with the patient can not only injure the patient, but also damage the electronic components. one that can switch between standard and high resolutions. Other desirable features for the TV chain include a high SNR, a large digital storage capacity, and the ability to add alphanumeric characters to a recorded image for patient identification. Facilities should also make certain that digital storage and/or transmission devices related to the use of mobile C-arms conform to certain standards. The American College of Radiology-National Electrical Manufacturers Association Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Standard (ACR-NEMA DICOM standard or DICOM 3.0) ensures that devices meeting this standard can be organized into a system that does not require customized interfaces. Additionally, the International Organization for Standardization has developed the Open System Interconnect standard for network architectures. Facilities interested in extremity imaging should consider mini C-arms; these units are designed for use in office and surgical environments and are most useful in situations in which instantaneous imaging of the feet, hands, wrists, elbows, or ankles would be helpful. The primary users of these devices are likely to be hand or foot surgeons. The units are particularly useful during external reduction and fixation of fractures because bone alignment can be visualized noninvasively in real time. Cost containment Because mobile R/F units entail ongoing maintenance and operational costs, the initial acquisition cost does not accurately reflect the total cost of ownership. Therefore, a purchase decision should be based on issues such as life-cycle cost (LCC), local service support, discount rates and non-price-related benefits offered by the supplier, and standardization with existing equipment in the department or hospital (i.e., purchasing all mobile C-arms and R/F equipment from one supplier). An LCC analysis can be used to compare high-cost alternatives and/or to determine the positive or negative economic value of a single alternative. For example, hospitals can use LCC analysis techniques to examine the cost-effectiveness of leasing or renting equipment versus purchasing the equipment outright. Because it examines the cash-flow impact of initial acquisition costs and operating costs over a period of time, LCC analysis is most useful for comparing alternatives with different cash flows and for revealing the total costs of equipment ownership. One LCC technique present value (PV) analysis is especially useful because it accounts for inflation and for the time value of money (i.e., money received today is worth
Purchase considerations
The C-arm gantry must have the proper dimensions to be used effectively and easily in the hospital. For instance, it must be deep enough to accommodate obese patients. Additionally, the lower portion of the C-arm must be low enough to fit underneath the hospitals beds and operating room tables. The television (TV) chain system, another important component, displays the output of an image intensifier on one or more TV monitors during fluoroscopic procedures. (See the Product Comparison titled FLUOROSCOPIC TELEVISION CHAINS.) Some suppliers offer a high-resolution system; however, such systems are rarely used and require more radiation. If a highresolution system is needed, it should preferably be

more than money received at a later date). Conducting a PV/LCC analysis often demonstrates that the cost of ownership includes more than just the initial acquisition cost and that a small increase in initial acquisition cost may produce significant savings in long-term operating costs. The PV is calculated using the annual cash outflow, the dollar discount factor (the cost of capital), and the lifetime of the equipment (in years) in a mathematical equation. The following represents a sample eight-year PV/LCC analysis for a mobile R/F unit (not a mini C-arm). Present Value/Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Assumptions Operating costs cover years 1 through 8 Dollar discount factor is 3.5% Inflation rate is 2.4% for a full-service contract Operation requires 1 full-time employee (FTE) Capital Costs Mobile R/F unit = $115,000 Total Capital Costs = $115,000 Operating Costs Service contract, years 2 through 8 = $10,000/year X-ray tube replacement = $7,280 every 4 years Salary and expenses for 1 FTE = $45,000/year Total Operating Costs = $45,000 for year 1; $55,000/year for years 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7; $62,280/year for years 4 and 8 PV = ($568,284) There are other costs not included in the above analysis that should be considered for budgetary planning, including the following: Costs associated with software upgrades Costs of utilities Costs of disposables and components such as collimators, film, and filters Contributions to overhead As illustrated by the above sample PV/LCC analysis, the initial acquisition cost is only a fraction of the total cost of operation over eight years. Therefore, rather than making a purchase decision based solely on the acquisition cost of a mobile R/F system, buyers should consider operating costs over the lifetime of the equipment. For further information on PV/LCC analysis, customized analyses, and purchase decision support, readers should contact ECRIs SELECT Group. Hospitals can purchase service contracts or service on a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Service may also be available from a third-party organization. The decision to purchase a service contract should be carefully considered. The decision to purchase a service contract can be justified for several reasons. Most suppliers provide routine software updates, which enhance the systems performance, at no charge to service contract customers. Furthermore, software updates are often cumulative; that is, previous software revisions may be required in order to install and operate a new performance feature. Purchasing a service contract also ensures that preventive maintenance will be performed at regular intervals, thereby eliminating the possibility of unexpected maintenance costs. Also, many suppliers do not extend unit performance and uptime guarantees beyond the length of the warranty unless the unit is covered by a service contract. ECRI recommends that, to maximize bargaining leverage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service contracts before the unit is purchased. As a guideline, full-service contracts typically cost approximately 6% to 8% of the mobile R/F units purchase price. Additional service contract discounts may be negotiable for multiple-year agreements or for service contracts that are bundled with contracts on other R/F equipment in the department or hospital.
Stage of development
Digital memory has expanded the usefulness of mobile C-arms by increasing image-processing capabilities. This increased capability may allow more extensive procedures, such as angiography, to be performed at the patients bedside rather than requiring transport to a catheterization laboratory (Aliabadi et al. 1997). However, further study is required to ensure the safety of such procedures performed at the patients bedside, specifically with units modified for cardiac imaging.
Bibliography
Aliabadi D, Pica MC, McCullough PA, et al. Rapid bedside coronary angiography with a portable fluoroscopic imaging system. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1997 Aug;41(4):449-55. Bieze J. Radiation exposure risks haunt interventionalists. Diagn Imaging 1993 Aug;15(8):68-71, 74, 79.

Cagnon CH, Benedict SH, Mankovich NJ, et al. Exposure rates in high-level-control fluoroscopy for image enhancement. Radiology 1991 Mar;178(3): 643-6. Curry TS 3rd, Dowdey JE, Murry RC Jr. Christensens physics of diagnostic radiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1990. Davis M, Palmer P, Kelsey C. Use of C-arm fluoroscope to examine patients with swallowing disorders. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990 Nov;155(5):986-8. Glaze S, Wagner LK, Archer BR, et al. Exposure rates during special procedures with C-arm type fluoroscopic systems. Radiology 1994 Jun;191(3):849-52. Hendee WR, Ritenour ER. Medical imaging physics. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 2002. Hernandez RJ, Goodsitt MM. Reduction of radiation dose in pediatric patients using pulsed fluoroscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996 Nov;167(5):1247-53. Hiss SS. Understanding radiography. 3rd ed. Springfield (IL): Charles C Thomas; 1993. Kohn ML, Gooch AW Jr, Keller WS. Filters for radiation reduction: a comparison. Radiology 1988 Apr; 167(1):255-7. Lee SM, Orlinsky M, Chan LS. Safety and effectiveness of portable fluoroscopy in the emergency department for the management of distal extremity fractures. Ann Emerg Med 1994 Oct;24(4):725-30. Nicholson RA. The siting of consistency checks on mobile image intensifier automatic brightness controls [letter]. Br J Radiol 1994 Dec;67(804):1281. Putman CE, Ravin CE, eds. Textbook of radiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1988. Sanders R, Koval KJ, DiPasquale T, et al. Exposure of the orthopaedic surgeon to radiation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993 Mar;75(3):326-30. British Standards Institution. Specification for dimensions of radiographic intensifying screens for medical use. BS 6126. 1988. Canadian Standards Association. Diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy equipment [standard]. C22.2 No. 114-M90(R2000). 1990 (reaffirmed 2000). International Electrotechnical Commission. Inherent filtration of an x-ray tube assembly [standard]. IEC 60522 (1976-01). 1976. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Amendment 1 [standard]. IEC 60601-1-am1 (1991-11). 1991. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Amendment 2 [standard]. IEC 60601-1-am2 (1995-03). 1995. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Section 1. Collateral standard: safety requirements for medical electrical systems. IEC 60601-1-1 (1992-06). 1992. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Section 1. Collateral standard: safety requirements for medical electrical systems. Amendment 1. IEC 60601-1-1-am1 (199511). 1995. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Section 2. Collateral standard: electromagnetic compatibility requirements and tests. IEC 60601-1-2 (2001-09). 2001. X-ray tube assemblies for medical diagnosis characteristics of focal spots [standard]. IEC 60336 (1993-07). 1993. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) part 1: introduction and overview [standard]. 1999 (revised 2000). (There are 14 parts to this standard. We list only part 1 in the interest of space.) U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Federal performance standards for ionizing radiation-emitting products. 21 CFR 1020. 2001. Fluoroscopic equipment. 21 CFR 1020.32. 2001.
Standards and guidelines

Note: Although every effort is made to ensure that the following list is comprehensive, please note that other applicable standards may exist. American College of Radiology. Standard for diagnostic medical physics performance monitoring of radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment. 1992 (revised 2001).
Radiographic equipment. 21 CFR 1020.31. 2001. Radiology devices. 21 CFR 892. 2002.
Citations from other ECRI publications

Health Devices
Mobile C-arm units [evaluation]. 1990 Aug;19(8):25192.

International Medical Systems Exposcop Plus mobile C-arm system [evaluation]. 1993 Mar;22(3):103-22. International Medical Systems Exposcop Plus mobile C-arm system [evaluation update]. 1993 Dec; 22(12):569-72. FluoroScan mini C-arm unit [evaluation]. 1995 Feb; 24(2):44-68. The XiTec XiScan 1000 [evaluation]. 1995 Feb; 24(2):68-9. Failure of the arc rotation joint on FluoroScan mini C-arm units [hazard]. 1995 Dec;24(12):518-9. FluoroScan mini C-arm unit [evaluation update]. 1995 Dec;24(12):494-5. Inaccurate pulsed fluoroscopy dose reductions on Siemens Siremobil 2000 mobile C-arm units [User Experience Network]. 1996 Feb-Mar;25(2-3):109-10. XiTec XiScan 1000 mini C-arm [evaluation update]. 1996 Nov;25(11):413-25. Radiation shielding requirements for a bronchoscopy suite [Talk to the specialist]. 1997 Feb;26(2):78. Digital radiography systems [technology overview]. 1998 Jul;27(7):255-60. Imaging tables of International Surgical Systems C-arms can fall off [hazard]. 2003 Apr;32(4):170-1. Mammographic computer-aided detection systems [evaluation]. 2003 Apr;32(4):141-64.
Health Devices Inspection and Preventive Maintenance System

Mobile C-arms. Procedure no. 463.
Supplier information
Apelem Apelem SA [194762] Parc Scientifique Georges Besse 175 allee Von Neumann F-30035 Nimes Cedex France Phone: 33 (466) 290907 Fax: 33 (466) 297123 E-mail: apelphil@hotmail.com Internet: http://www.apelem.com Direx Direx Medical Systems Ltd [156982] PO Box 4190 Petach Tikva IL-49120 Israel Phone: 972 (3) 9248095 Fax: 972 (3) 9248092 E-mail: webmaster@direx.co.il Internet: http://www.direx.co.il Direx Systems Corp [392289] 11 Mercer Rd Natick MA 01760-2414 Phone: (508) 651-0900, (888) 874-7837 Fax: (508) 651-8125 E-mail: promo@direxusa.com Internet: http://www.direx.co.il ELMSTech ELMSTech Inc [409550] 950 Jericho Tpke Westbury NY 11590 Phone: (516) 338-9888, (866) 356-7832 Fax: (516) 338-9889 E-mail: sales@elmstech.com Internet: http://www.elmstech.com GE Medical GE Medical Systems [102107] PO Box 414 Milwaukee WI 53201-0414 Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439 Fax: (262) 544-3384 Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com
Health Devices Alerts

This Product Comparison lists Health Devices Alerts (HDA) citations published since the last update of this report. Each HDA abstract is identified by an Accession Number. Recalls and hazard reports include descriptions of the problem involved; abstracts of other published articles are referenced by bibliographic information. HPCS subscribers can call the Hotline for additional information on any of these citations or to request more extensive searches of the HDA database. A4930 FDA designated Class II Recall No. Z-1190-2 certain GE Medical Systems mobile C-arm x-ray systems. The x-ray units may become unbalanced and tip over when the C-arm assembly is extended. The manufacturer initiated a recall by letter dated May 6, 2002. Identify and isolate any affected product in your inventory. For further information, contact GE Medical Systems OEC at (800) 874-7378 with the U.S. or at (801) 328-9300 outside the U.S. Source: FDA Enforcement Rep 2002 Aug 14.

GE Medical Systems Canada [174606] 2300 Meadowvale Blvd Mississauga ON L5N 5P9 Canada Phone: (800) 668-0732 Fax: (905) 567-2115 Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.ca GE Medical Systems Europe [171319] 283 rue de la Miniere boite postale 34 F-78533 Buc Cedex France Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Fax: 33 (1) 30709855 E-mail: info@gemedicalsystems.com Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com GE Medical Systems (Hong Kong) [401905] 15/Fl The Lee Garden 33 Hysan Road Causeway Bay Hong Kong SAR Peoples Republic of China Phone: 852 21006300 Fax: 852 21006292 E-mail: kaiser.chan@med.ge.com Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com Instrumentarium Instrumentarium Corp Diagnostic Imaging Div [182844] Kuortaneenkatu 2 Posti Loaero 100 FIN-00031 Helsinki Finland Phone: 358 (10) 39411 Fax: 358 (9) 1463515 E-mail: olli.rikkala@instrumentarium.fi Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.fi Instrumentarium Imaging Inc [107685] 300 W Edgerton Ave Milwaukee WI 53207-6025 Phone: (414) 747-1030, (800) 558-6120 Fax: (414) 481-8665 E-mail: info@usa.instrumentarium.com Internet: http://www.usa.instrumentarium.com Instrumentarium Imaging Singapore [400969] 152 Beach Road #12-03A Gateway East 189721 Singapore Republic of Singapore Phone: 65 3918600 Fax: 65 3963009 E-mail: andy.korhonen@sg.instrumentarium.com Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.com/ imaging Instrumentarium Imaging Ziehm GmbH [400965] Isarstrasse 40 D-90451 Nuernberg Germany Phone: 49 (911) 642070 Fax: 49 (911) 6420739 E-mail: info@ziehm-eu.com Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.com
Gilardoni Gilardoni SpA [176853] via Arturo Gilardoni 1 I-23826 Mandello de Lario LC Italy Phone: 39 (0341) 705111 Fax: 39 (0341) 735046 E-mail: gx@gilardoni.it Internet: http://www.gilardoni.it
LISTEM Hologic/Fluoroscan Fluoroscan Imaging Systems Inc A Hologic Co [149333] 35 Crosby Dr Bedford MA 01730 Phone: (781) 999-7300, (800) 343-9729 Fax: (847) 564-5647 E-mail: sales@hologic.com Internet: http://www.hologic.com LISTEM Corp [392886] 414-1 Chongchon-2 dong Pupyong-gu Inchon Republic of Korea Phone: 82 (32) 5155511 Fax: 82 (32) 5129814 E-mail: obd@listem.co.kr Internet: http://www.listem.co.kr

LISTEM USA Inc [393197] 5200 NW 43rd St Suite 102 PMB 338 Gainesville FL 32606 Phone: (352) 271-5232 Fax: (352) 271-8978 E-mail: wchoi12@cs.com Internet: http://www.listem.co.kr Philips Nederland bv Medical Systems [152365] Postbus 90050 NL-5600 PB Eindhoven The Netherlands Phone: 31 (40) 2782559 Fax: 31 (40) 2780160 E-mail: medical@philips.com Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com SIAS SIAS SpA [177705] via CadellOrbo 32/3 I-40050 Villanova di Castenaso BO Italy Phone: 39 (051) 782911 Fax: 39 (051) 780552 E-mail: comm@sias.it Internet: http://www.sias-spa.it Siemens Siemens AG Siemens Medical Solutions [401832] Henkestrasse 127 D-91052 Erlangen Germany Phone: 49 (9131) 840 Fax: 49 (9131) 845400 E-mail: Melanie.schmude@siemens.com Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com Siemens Canada Ltd [174735] 2185 Derry Rd W Mississauga ON L5N 7A6 Canada Phone: (905) 819-8000, (888) 303-3353 Fax: (905) 819-5777 E-mail: webdesign@sbs.siemens.com Internet: http://www.siemens.ca Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc [399199] 51 Valley Stream Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Phone: (610) 219-6300, (888) 826-9702 Fax: (610) 219-3124 E-mail: sales@siemensmedical.com Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com Siemens SA de CV [339105] Poniente 116 No 590 02300 Cd de Mexico Distrito Federal Mexico Phone: 52 (5) 3282000 Fax: 52 (5) 3282017 Internet: http://www.siemens.de
PCK PCK Electronic Industry and Trade Co Ltd [277887] ASO 1 Org San Bol Orhan Isik Cad No 4 Sincan TR-06935 Ankara Turkey Phone: 90 (312) 2672046 Fax: 90 (312) 2670609 E-mail: intlsales@pckmed.com Internet: http://www.pckmed.com
Philips Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101] 30/Fl Hopewell Centre 17 Kennedy Road Wanchai Hong Kong SAR Peoples Republic of China Phone: 852 28215888 Fax: 852 25276727 E-mail: medical@philips.com Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com Philips Medical Systems North America [102120] 22100 Bothell Everett Hwy PO Box 3003 Bothell WA 98041-3003 Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 526-4963 Fax: (425) 485-6080 E-mail: medical@philips.com Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com Philips Medical Systems UK Ltd [415447] The Observatory Castlefield Road Reigate, Surrey RH2 0FY England Phone: 44 (1737) 230503 Fax: 44 (1737) 230501 E-mail: anita.littlechild@philips.com Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com

Stephanix Stephanix [401705] boite postale 294 F-42014 Saint Etienne France Phone: 33 (4) 77478160 Fax: 33 (4) 77375519 E-mail: contact@stephanix.com Internet: http://www.stephanix.com Swemac Swemac Medical Appliances AB [348316] Industrigatan 11 S-582 77 Linkoping Sweden Phone: 46 (13) 355450 Fax: 46 (13) 355459 E-mail: swemac@swemac.se Internet: http://www.swemac.se Technix Technix SpA [227244] via Fermi 26 I-24050 Grassobbio BG Italy Phone: 39 (035) 335678 Fax: 39 (035) 335675 E-mail: technixd@technix.it Internet: http://www.technix.it Villa Sistemi Villa Sistemi Medicali SpA [156442] via delle Azalee 3 I-20090 Buccinasco MI Italy Phone: 39 (02) 488591 Fax: 39 (02) 4881844 E-mail: sales@villasm.com Internet: http://www.villasm.com VMI VMI Industria e Comercio Ltda [174435] Rua Pref Eliseu Alves da Silva 400 Dist Industrial Genesco Aparecido de Oliveira Lagoa Santa-MG 33400-000 Brazil Phone: 55 (31) 36819560 Fax: 55 (31) 36819565 E-mail: vmi.bh@zaz.com Note: The following company did not provide us with any product information in time for publication. Its address is listed as a service to our readers. Cares Built Inc [259630] 75 Manchester Ave Keyport NJ 07735 Phone: (732) 739-8900, (800) 358-6370 Fax: (732) 739-0316 E-mail: info@caresbuilt.com Internet: http://www.caresbuilt.com
About the chart specifications

The following terms are used in the chart: Heat capacity, HU: The maximum heating during x-ray generation that the x-ray tube can withstand without damage. It is expressed in heat units (HU) the product of kVp, mA, and time of exposure in seconds and can also be expressed in joules, a unit of work or energy at constant potential. Cooling, HU/min: The rate at which the anode dissipates heat, measured in heat units per minute. Focal spot size, mm: The smaller the focal spot (the area on the anode that produces the x-rays), the clearer the image produced, but also the more heat created. Pulsed fluoroscopy: A mode of operation that uses pulses of radiation to update a stored image every one or two seconds. Last-image hold: The ability to freeze the last fluoroscopic image on the monitor. Multiformat camera: A camera that can record individual images in more than one size or configuration, sometimes simultaneously. A 4-on-1 capability, for instance, means that 4 separate images can be recorded on 1 piece of film. C-arm, free space, cm (in): The distance between the x-ray tube and the image intensifier. List price, std configuration: Some of the pricing information in this chart has been derived from list prices reported to ECRIs in-house information services by healthcare institutions and by suppliers. A footnote identifies these prices. In these instances, suppliers have declined to provide HPCS directly with prices and may not have confirmed the information. These prices are estimates and may or may not reflect discounts, options, special packages, and multipleunit sales. They are provided for the convenience of our readers. Abbreviations: ABS Automatic brightness stabilization ADR Automatic dose rate
10

AEC Automatic exposure control B/W Black and white CCD Charge-coupled device CD-R Compact disc recordable CE mark Conformite Europeene mark CISPR Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriques CSA Canadian Standards Association CT Computed tomography DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine DSA Digital subtraction angiography EMC European Medical Community EN European Norm ETL ETL Testing Laboratories EU European Union FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration fps Frames per second IEC International Electrotechnical Commission I.I. Image intensifier IR Infrared ISO International Organization for Standardization JIS Japanese Industrial Standards LCD Liquid crystal display MDD Medical Devices Directive MedGV Medizingeraeteverordnung NFPA National Fire Protection Association OR Operating room PC Personal computer PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PTCA Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty RAM Random-access memory SID Source-to-image distance SVGA Super Video Graphics Array, a VGA adapter that has a resolution of 1024 768 pixels; see VGA SVHS Super Video Home System TFT Thin-film transistor TUV Technischer Ueberwachungs Verein UL Underwriters Laboratories VCR Video cassette recorder VDE Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker VGA Video Graphics Array
Note: The data in the charts derive from suppliers specifications and have not been verified through independent testing by ECRI or any other agency. Because test methods vary, different products specifications are not always comparable. Moreover, products and specifications are subject to frequent changes. ECRI is not responsible for the quality or validity of the information presented or for any adverse consequences of acting on such information.
When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unless otherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplier discounts. And although we try to indicate which features and characteristics are standard and which are not, some may be optional, at additional cost. For those models whose prices were supplied to us in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also listed the conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate comparison among models. However, keep in mind that exchange rates change often.
Need to know more?

For further information about the contents of this Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1 (610) 825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); or hpcs@ecri.org (e-mail).
11
Product Comparison Chart

MODEL APELEM APX HF III Series WHERE MARKETED Asia, Australia, Europe, Near Middle East No Yes Rotating 40 mA @ 120 kVp 40 mA @ 120 kVp APELEM EVO Asia, Australia, Europe, Near Middle East No Yes Stationary 30 mA @ 110 kVp 30 mA @ 110 kVp APELEM SUPRA Asia, Europe DIREX Digiscope RX2 Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) X-RAY TUBE ANODE Maximum output @ 120 VAC @ 220 VAC
No Yes Rotating 100 mA @ 120 kVp 100 mA @ 120 kVp (max 130 mA) 300,000 70,000
Yes Yes Not specified 7 mA @ 110 kVp Not specified
Heat capacity, HU Cooling, HU/min Focal spot size, mm Radiographic mode Fluoroscopic mode Tube power rating, kW @ 100 kVp X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE Power rating, kW @ 100 kVp Radiographic mode kV range mA range mAs range AEC Exposure time, sec Fluoroscopic mode kV range mA range Pulsed fluoroscopy Pulses per sec
300,000 70,000
40,000 17,000
40,000 Not specified
0.6 0.3 5 High-frequency
1.5 0.5 Not specified High-frequency
NA NA 1.4 NA
Not specified
15
2 (300 W)
40-120 40-80 3-250 No 0.06-5
40-110 25-65 1-250 No 0.011-5
40-120 25-100 1-185 No 0.02-3
NA NA NA NA NA
40-120 0.1-6 Yes 1-25
40-110 0.2-4 Yes Not specified
40-120 0.2-5 Yes 1-25
40-110 4-7 Not specified Not specified
ABS control Snapshot mode IMAGE INTENSIFIER Diameter, cm (in)
kVp Yes
kVp Yes
kVp Yes
kVp and mA No
Not specified
23/16/12 (9/6.3/ 4.7), 17/11 (7/4.3), 16 (6.3) 44 (17), dual monitors, image rotation 24 x 30 cm
32/23/16 (12/9/ 6.3), 22/16/11 (8.7/ 6.3/4.3) 51 (20.1), dual monitors 24 x 30 cm
23 (9)
TV MONITOR SIZE, cm (in) CASSETTE HOLDER SIZES
44 or 51 (17 or 20) dual monitors * 24 x 30 cm
Optional dual 43.2 (17) No
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Image rotation.
This is the first of three pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next two pages.
12

MODEL APELEM APX HF III Series IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type APELEM EVO APELEM SUPRA DIREX Digiscope RX2
Digital memory, optional VCR, hard disk 1, 2, 5, 10 (D-RAM); 10,000 (hard disk); 10,000 (DSA)
Digital memory, optional VCR, hard disk (48 + LIH) LIH, LIH + 4, LIH + 48
Hard disk
Yes
Capacity, number of images
50,000 (hard disk)
11
Image matrix size
512 x 512 x 8
512 x 512 x 8
1024 x 1024 x 12
Not specified
Last-image hold Frame integration DICOM CONFORMANCE HARD-COPY DEVICES
Yes Yes Optional Optional thermal printer, multiformat camera
Yes Yes No Optional thermal printer, multiformat camera
Yes Yes Optional Optional thermal printer, dry imager
Optional Yes Not specified Ink jet printer
C-ARM Free space, cm (in) Depth, cm (in) Orbital rotation, Horizontal travel, cm (in) Vertical travel, cm (in) Panning motion, Pivot rotation, Reverse position POWER REQUIREMENTS
71.3 (28.1) 57 (22.4)
75.7 (30.8), 9"; 84 (33.1), 7" 66 (26), 9"; 68.6 (27), 7" 115
75.3 (29.6); 68.5 (27) for 12" I.I. 64 (25.2); 65 (25.6) for 12" I.I. 115
87 (34.2) U-arm 70 (27.6)
130
Yes
20 (7.9)
22 (8.7)
20 (7.9)
None
40 (15.7) 12 200 No 115/230 10% VAC, 50/60 Hz
50 (19.7) 12 190 No 115/230 10% VAC, 50/60 Hz
55 (21.7) 10 180 No 115/230 10% VAC, 50/60 Hz, 7.3 kVA max 200 x 81 x 175 (78.7 x 31.9 x 68.9)
None
None
None No 120 VAC, 15 amps
H x W x D of C-arm frame, cm (in)
180 x 82 x 180 (70.9 x 32.3 x 70.9)
180 x 82 x 180 (70.9 x 32.3 x 70.9)
210 x 40 x 125 (82.7 x 15.7 x 49.2)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device.
This is the second of three pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next page.
13

MODEL APELEM APX HF III Series WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 210 (462) APELEM EVO 190 (418) APELEM SUPRA 200 (441) DIREX Digiscope RX2 150 (330)
Not specified 1 year 3-4 weeks Not specified
$100,000 1 year 2-4 weeks Not specified
4 days 1995 NA Not specified Not specified Hard disk, DSA and max-op roadmapping, 100 Hz flicker-free monitors, laser centering, dosimeter
2 days 1993 NA Not specified Not specified 100 Hz flicker-free monitors, laser centering, dosimeter
5 days 2000 NA Not specified Not specified Laser centering, dosimeter
Yes 1992 Not specified 1,300 January to December Last-image hold, 4,000-image archive, mobile unit, fixed unit
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
Anatomic programs standard. Meets requirements of ISO.
Meets requirements of ISO.
DSA package; touchscreen. Meets requirements of ISO.
None specified.
14

MODEL ELMSTECH Imperium WHERE MARKETED Worldwide GE MEDICAL OEC 7700 Compact + Worldwide GE MEDICAL OEC 9800 Surgical Worldwide GE MEDICAL OEC 9800 Vascular & Cardiac Worldwide
Yes Yes Rotating Not specified Not specified
Yes Yes Stationary 8 mA @ 110 kVp 8 mA @ 110 kVp
Yes Yes Rotating 75 mA @ 120 kVp 75 mA @ 120 kVp
Yes Yes Rotating 75 mA @ 120 kVp 75 mA @ 120 kVp
300,000 60,000
76,000 19,800
300,000 70,000
300,000 70,000
0.6-1.5 0.6 Not specified High-frequency, 20 kHz 2.2
0.3-0.6 0.3 15 High-frequency, 60 kHz 15
0.3-0.6 0.3 15 High-frequency, 60 kHz 15
15
40-120 300 @ 40, 125 @ 120 Not specified Yes 1-5
36-110 20 fixed 80 No 0.1-4
50-120 Up to 75 1-300 No 0.1-4, automatic computer control 40-120 0.2-10; 1-20, HLF Yes 1, 2, 4, or 8; 15 or 30 up to 150 mA (cardiac mode) kVp, mA, camera gain Yes
50-120 Up to 75 1-300 No 0.1-4, automatic computer control 40-120 0.2-10; 1-20, HLF Yes 1, 2, 4, or 8; 15 or 30 up to 150 mA (cardiac mode) kVp, mA, camera gain Yes
40-120 0.2-30 Yes 1, 3, 6, 12, 25
kV, mA, camera gain Yes
kVp, mA, camera gain Yes
23/17/15 (9/7/6); 30/23/15 (12/9/6) optional 43.2 (17), dual; optional rotating 18 x 24 cm (7.1 x 9.4 in)
23/15 (9/6)
23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) or 31/23/15 (12/9/6)
23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) or 31/23/15 (12/9/6)
40.6 (16), dual monitors 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
40.6 (16), dual square monitors 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in), 35 x 35 cm (14 x 14 in)
40.6 (16), dual square monitors 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in), 35 x 35 cm (14 x 14 in)
15

MODEL ELMSTECH Imperium IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type GE MEDICAL OEC 7700 Compact + GE MEDICAL OEC 9800 Surgical GE MEDICAL OEC 9800 Vascular & Cardiac
Digital memory
Floppy disk, hard disk, optional SVHS VCR 1,000; 8,000; 36,000
PCMCIA drive, digital memory, hard & floppy disks, VCR 1-400 static (hard disk); 1-9,000 dynamic @ 15 fps real time
PCMCIA drive, digital memory, hard & floppy disks, VCR 1-400 static; 1-18,000 dynamic @ 30 fps real time
10,000
Image matrix size
752 x 582 x 10 (optional 1 K x 1 K) Yes Yes Yes Optional paper, film printer, multiformat camera, laser imager, video printer 78 (30.7) 76.2 (30)
680 x 512 x 10
1000 x 1000 x 16
1000 x 1000 x 16
Yes Yes Yes Thermal printer, multiformat camera
Yes Yes Yes Integrated film/ paper onboard printer, thermal printers * 78.7 (31) 66 (26) standard C (9" I.I.) ** 115 standard and medium C, 148 super 20.3 (8)
Yes Yes Yes Integrated film/ paper onboard printer, thermal printers 78.7 (31) 66 (26) standard C (9" I.I.) 115 standard and medium C, 148 super 20.3 (8)
76.2 (30) 66 (26)
190 (95) 20 (7.9)
120 with 30 overscan
20 (7.9)
40 (15.7) 10 360 (180), motorized Yes Not specified
43 (16.9) 10 Not specified Yes 110/230 VAC, 15/8 A
45.7 (18) 10 360; 180/180; 180/90 flip-flop rotation Yes 120/240 VAC, 15/10 A
45.7 (18) 10 360; 180/180; 180/90 flip-flop rotation Yes 120/240 VAC, 15/10 A
177 x 80 x 170 (69.7 x 31.5 x 66.9)
169 x 78 x 163 (66.5 x 30.7 x 64.2)
179 x 84 x 196 (70.5 x 33 x 77.2)
179 x 84 x 196 (70.5 x 33 x 77.2)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also onboard instant film and paper printer. ** 71 cm (28") medium C (12" I.I.), 84 cm (33") super C (9" I.I.).
16

MODEL ELMSTECH Imperium WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES Not specified GE MEDICAL OEC 7700 Compact + 245 (539) GE MEDICAL OEC 9800 Surgical 275 (606) GE MEDICAL OEC 9800 Vascular & Cardiac 275 (606)
Not specified 1 year 8 weeks Not specified
$94,000 1 year 30-60 days $1,800-9,000
$125,000 and up 1 year 30-60 days $2,500-20,000
$167,000 and up 1 year 30-60 days $2,500-20,000
3 days Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified LCD monitor; touchscreen monitor; monitor with trolley with adjustable extension arm; handswitch for fluoroscopy or radiography; collision protector for image intensifier; laser targeting device; laser aimer; multiroom connection; remote control; 12" image intensifier CCD camera; upgradable image memory; real-time digital zoom, roam, edge enhancement, brightness & contrast, positive & negative image inversion, image rotation, DSA, roadmapping, radiation-free collimation; cineplay; annotation; remasking; digital image flip; snapshot; mosaic display; subpixel shifting; patient registration; anatomic programming; adjustable SID movement.
2 days 1998 Not specified Not specified January to December Handheld patient annotation keyboard, 44 cm (17") monitor, thermal printer, laser aimer/localizer, radiographic cassette holder, floppy disk
3-5 days 1999 Not specified Not specified January to December Zoom and roam, real-time edge enhancement, image annotation, DAP, laser localizer, IR remote, various configurations
3-5 days 1999 Not specified Not specified January to December Zoom and roam, real-time edge enhancement, image annotation, DAP, laser localizer, IR remote, various configurations, DSA, roadmap, bolus chasing
Single-platform design; point-andshoot; anatomically specific ABS modes. Meets requirements of CISPR, CSA, EU, IEC, ISO, JIS, MedGV, NFPA, and UL.
DAP; touchscreen operation and integrated footswitch for user interface and operation.
17

MODEL GE MEDICAL OEC Flexview 8800 WHERE MARKETED Worldwide GE MEDICAL OEC Miniview 6800 Worldwide GE MEDICAL Stenoscop MDA+ Worldwide GE MEDICAL Stenoscop MDn Worldwide
Yes Yes Stationary 0.16 mA @ 80 kVp Not specified
75,000 37,000
7,000 3,000
70,000 9,200
70,000 9,200
0.6-1.5 0.6 Not specified High-frequency, 20 kHz 2.2
NA 0.05 Not specified High-frequency
1.8 0.5 0.5 High-frequency
Not specified
3.3
3.3
40-110 Up to 20 80 No 0.1-4
NA NA NA NA NA
40-110 Not specified 0.16-160 No Not specified
40-110 Not specified 0.16-160 No Not specified
40-110 0.1-3, 0.1-6 HLF Yes 1, 2, 4, 8
40-80 0.02-0.16 No NA
40-110 0.1-6 Yes 0.7
40-110 0.1-6 Yes 0.7
kVp, mA, camera gain Yes
kVp, mA Yes
23/15 (9/6)
15/10 (6/4)
23/15 (9/6)
23/15 (9/6) or 15 (6)
40.6 (16), dual square monitors 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
40.6 (16), dual monitors NA
18

MODEL GE MEDICAL OEC Flexview 8800 IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type GE MEDICAL OEC Miniview 6800 GE MEDICAL Stenoscop MDA+ GE MEDICAL Stenoscop MDn
PCMCIA drive, hard disk, floppy disk, optional SVHS VCR 63, 400
PCMCIA drive, digital memory, hard disk, floppy disk * 18 CP, 400 HP
Digital memory, VCR
Digital memory, VCR
10,000; optional 20,000 hard disk; LS-120 super floppy
16; optional 112, 208 hard disk; floppy drive
Image matrix size
1000 x 1000 x 16
1000 x 1000 x 16
576 x 576 x 12
576 x 576 x 12
Yes Yes Yes Integrated film/ paper onboard printer, thermal printers 79.8 (31.4) 66 (26)
Yes Yes Yes Thermal printer
Yes Yes Yes Optional multiformat camera, video printer, thermal paper ** 70.1 (27.6) 58.4 (23)
Yes Yes Yes Optional multiformat camera, video printer, thermal paper ** 70.1 (27.6) 58.4 (23)
35 (13.8) 45 (17.7)
135
115
115 20.3 (8) 47.5 (18.7) 12 +290/-120 Yes 100/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 15 A
115 20.3 (8) 47.5 (18.7) 12 +290/-120 Yes 100/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 15 A
20.3 (8)
NA
46 (18) 10 360 (180/180) Yes 100/240 VAC, 15/10 A
70 (27)
230
220 Yes 100/240 VAC, 6/4 A
171 x 84 x 177.3 (67.3 x 33.1 x 69.8)
165 x 71 x 71 (65 x 28 x 28)
177.8 x 80 x 180.3 (70 x 31.5 x 71)
177.8 x 80 x 180.3 (70 x 31.5 x 71)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * SVHS VCR optional. ** Also interface for external hard-copy device.
19

MODEL GE MEDICAL OEC Flexview 8800 WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 269 (593) GE MEDICAL OEC Miniview 6800 Not specified GE MEDICAL Stenoscop MDA+ 243 (534) GE MEDICAL Stenoscop MDn 243 (534)
$109,000 and up 1 year 30-60 days $2,500-20,000
$71,500 1 year 30-60 days $2,500-5,500
$75,000-160,000 1 year 6 weeks $2,000-10,400
$75,000-160,000 1 year 6 weeks $1,500-8,000
3-5 days 2001 Not specified Not specified January to December Zoom and roam, realtime edge enhancement, image annotation, DAP, laser localizer, IR remote
1 day 2001 Not specified Not specified January to December Handswitch; DICOM 3.0; DDPI; Sony 980, 960, 890 thermal printers; removable archive kit; lightweight protective apron; dust cover; sterile drape combo pack; disposable I.I. guards; friction-adjustment kit
1 day on-site 1999 100 300 January to December Digital disk storage, edge enhancement, peak opacification, roadmapping, noise reduction, dosemonitoring device, laser alignment tool, digital subtraction
1 day on-site 1999 100 300 January to December Digital disk storage, edge enhancement, peak opacification, roadmapping, noise reduction, dosemonitoring device, laser alignment tool, digital subtraction
ABS control tables. Meets requirements of CISPR, CSA, EU, IEC, ISO, JIS, and MedGV.
Cine review; sequential acquisition.
Cine review up to 30 fps; automatic brightness control; automatic brightness detection; automatic gain control.
20

MODEL GILARDONI MOBILGIL AR 7/5 : 9/6/4 : 12/9/6 WHERE MARKETED Worldwide GILARDONI MOBILGIL HF 6 : 7/5 : 9/6/4 Worldwide HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Office Mate USA HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Premier Worldwide
No Yes 3,000 rpm rotating 28 @ 100 kVp 28 @ 100 kVp
No Yes Stationary 28 @ 100 kVp 28 @ 100 kVp
Yes Yes Stationary 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp
800,000 60,000
665,000 60,000
6,480 10,700
6,480 10,700
NA 0.085 0.0075 High-frequency
2.8
2.8
0.0075
0.0075
40-120 23-65 1-250 No 0.0015-6.3
40-110 23-65 1-250 No 0.0015-6.3
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
40-110 0.2-6 Yes 0.2-2
40-110 0.2-6 Yes 0.2-2
40-75 0.02-0.1 NA NA
40-75 0.02-0.1 NA NA
kV, mA Yes
kV, mA Yes
Full range Yes
Full range Yes
17/12 (7/5) : 23/15/12 (9/6/4) : 30/23/15 (12/9/6) 43.2 (17), dual monitors 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
15 (6) : 17/12 (7/5) : 23/15/12 (9/6/4) 43.2 (17), dual monitors 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
10 (4)
15/10 (6/4), dual mode
36 (14.2) diagonal flicker-free display NA
Dual 38 (15) diagonal HiBrite * NA
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Flicker-free portrait displays.
21

MODEL GILARDONI MOBILGIL AR 7/5 : 9/6/4 : 12/9/6 IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type GILARDONI MOBILGIL HF 6 : 7/5 : 9/6/4 HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Office Mate HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Premier
Digital memory, optional VCR
Digital memory, optional VCR
Digital memory, VCR
Digital memory, hard and floppy disks, optional VHS VCR 2,000-image HD; 4,000-image HD upgrade, 4 images/ diskette
1-48; >5,000 hard disk
1-48; >5,000 hard disk
2,000-image HD; 4,000-image HD upgrade, 5 images/ diskette upgrade
Image matrix size
576 x 576 x 8 or 1024 x 512 Yes Yes Yes Optional thermal printer
576 x 576 x 8
768 x 480 x 8-bit
768 x 480 x 8-bit
Yes Yes Yes Optional thermal printer
Last 4 images 2-16 frames No Thermal printers
Last 4 images 2-16 frames Yes Thermal printers
72.4 (28.5) : 72.2 (28.4) : 71 (28) 66.8 (26.3)
72.4 (28.5) : 72.2 (28.4) : 72.2 (28.4) 66.8 (26.3)
28 (11) 26 (10.2)
36 (14.2) 36 (14.2)
115
115
NA
120
21 (8.3)
21 (8.3)
147 (57.9)
119 (46.9)
45 (17.7) 12 360 Yes 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz
45 (17.7) 12 360 Yes 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz
81 (31.9)
58 (22.8)
320 450 No 100-120/230-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
320
380 NA 100-120/230-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
173 x 78 x 180 (68.1 x 30.7 x 70.9)
173 x 78 x 180 (68.1 x 30.7 x 70.9)
Not specified
152 x 66 x 84 (59.8 x 26 x 33.1)
22

MODEL GILARDONI MOBILGIL AR 7/5 : 9/6/4 : 12/9/6 WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 265 (584) : 220 (485) : 275 (606) GILARDONI MOBILGIL HF 6 : 7/5 : 9/6/4 250 (551) : 255 (562) : 260 (573) HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Office Mate 125 (275) HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Premier 222.3 (490)
70,800-88,400 (US$75,568-95,602) 1 year 3 weeks Not specified
64,480-65,600 (US$69,735-70,947) 1 year 3-4 weeks Not specified
Not specified 1 year, parts and labor 2-6 weeks Yes
Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December None specified
Yes 1999 Not specified Not specified January to December None specified
1 day on-site 1997 Not specified NA October to September Professional-grade VHS
1 day on-site 1998 Not specified Not specified October to September Professional-grade VHS; 15 x 23 cm (6 x 9 in) thermal printer, 15 x 23 cm (6 x 9 in) thermal paper/film; realtime histogramming; AutoMode ADR control; contrast expansion; edge enhancement; B/W reversal, mirroring; area of interest
None specified.
None specified.
Real-time histogramming; AutoMode ADR control; contrast expansion; edge enhancement; B/W reversal and mirroring; usage audit; passwordprotected access; universal RS170 video output; sterile drapes.
Magnify, zoom, & roam; 4-image mosaic; RS170 composite video output; patented sterile field controls; 3-function footswitch (print/ x-ray/store);accesslimiting passwords (50 custom); laser aiming device; wireless remote-control pad; DICOM 3.0 Ethernet; sterile drapes; lightweight protective aprons; surgical drop-off style; comprehensive system use; patient billing: DICOM history/service logs.
23

MODEL HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Premier Encore WHERE MARKETED USA INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Compact Worldwide INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Vision Worldwide INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Vista Worldwide
Yes No Stationary 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp
6,480 10,700
76,000 19,800
45,000 46,000
76,000 19,800
1.5 0.6 2.2 High-frequency, 20 kHz 2.2
0.0075
NA NA NA NA NA
40-110 0-20 0-100 No 0.1-5
40-110 0-20 0-100 No 0.1-7.5
40-110 0-20 0-100 No 0.1-5
40-75 0.02-0.1 NA NA
40-110 0-20 Yes 1-3
40-110 0-20 Yes 1-30
40-110 0-20 Yes 1-3
Full range Yes
kV, mA, gain, black level, TV iris Yes
kV, mA, gain, black level, TV iris * Yes
kV, mA, gain, black level, TV iris Yes
15/10 (6/4), dual mode
23/15 (9/6), 15 (6)
30/23/15 (12/9/6), 23/15/11.5 (9/6/4.5)
30/23/15 (12/9/6), 23/15 (9/6), 15 (6)
Dual 38 (15) diagonal HiBrite ** NA
43.2 (17), single rotating; 12.7 (5) 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
43.2 (17), dual high-resolution *** 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
43.2 (17), dual rotating 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also dual histogram and multiregion control. ** Flicker-free portrait displays with right screen touch. *** Optional 18" TFT, flat panel.
24

MODEL HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Premier Encore IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Compact INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Vision INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Vista
Digital memory, hard and floppy disks, optional VHS VCR * 2,000-image HD; 4 images/diskette; 4,000-image HD upgrade
Digital memory
Digital disk/memory, floppy disk, SVHS VCR, Jaz, Zip, CD-RW ** 500 up to 50,000 with 30 fps, dynamic image storage, optional dynamic array 1000 x 1000, 16-bit processing Yes Yes Yes Instant film/paper, Sony 960 and 980; Sony SVO 9500MD VCR; Codonics EP 1660 76.8 (30) 69 (27)
VCR, digital memory, floppy disk, Zip disk 16-6,952
1-2
Image matrix size
768 x 480 x 8-bit
525 x 525 x 8
1287 x 512 x 10
Last 4 images 2-16 frames Yes Thermal printers
Yes Yes No Video printer
Yes Yes Yes Multiformat camera, video and thermal printers
36 (14.2) 36 (14.2)
76 (29.9) 68 (26.8)
76 (29.9) 68 (26.8)
120
115
135 w/9", 115 w/12"
135
119 (46.9)
22 (8.7)
22 (8.7)
22 (8.7)
58 (22.8)
43 (17)
43 (17)
43 (17)
320
20
20
20
380 NA 100-120/230-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
450 Yes 115/220-240 VAC, 20/16 A
450 Yes 115/220-240 VAC, 20/16 A
450 Yes 115/220-240 VAC, 20/16 A
152 x 66 x 84 (59.8 x 26 x 33.1)
170 x 80 x 160 (66.9 x 31.5 x 63)
170 x 80 x 162 (66.9 x 31.5 x 63.8)
170 x 80 x 162 (66.9 x 31.5 x 63.8)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * CD-R and CD-RW drive. ** Integrated DICOM 3.0 interface.
25

MODEL HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN Premier Encore WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 222.3 (490) INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Compact 260 (572) INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Vision 220 (484) INSTRUMENTARIUM Ziehm Vista 220 (484)
$90,000 1 year 30-60 days Not specified
1 day on-site 2003 Not specified Not specified October to September Professional-grade VHS; 15 x 23 cm (6 x 9 in) thermal printer, 15 x 23 cm (6 x 9 in) thermal paper/film; realtime histogramming; AutoMode ADR control; contrast expansion; edge enhancement; B/W reversal, mirroring; area of interest
Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Laser positioning device, dose measurement system
Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Laser positioning device, DSA, roadmapping, digital image rotation without radiation, Vision trac (virtual collimator without radiation)
Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Laser positioning device, real-time edge enhancement, zoom, patient annotation, window level, 4-on-1 print format, real-time subtraction, roadmapping, peak opacification, cine loop, dose measurement system, 5,000,000 HU storage and cooling system, Zip disk Frame averaging; field upgradable with all options. Complies with IEC 601-1. Meets requirements of TUV, UL, and VDE.
Offers same specifications as Premier plus touch-sensitive display monitor; 185, 600, and 700 MB CD-R/CD-RW; custom settings for up to 20 physicians; video CD-ROM in-service tool.
Frame averaging; field upgradable with all options. Complies with IEC 601-1. Meets requirements of TUV, UL, and VDE.
Auto point ABS; Vision Center (touchscreen graphical user interface); field upgradable with all options. Complies with IEC 601-1. Meets requirements of TUV, UL, and VDE.
26

MODEL LISTEM SM-20HF WHERE MARKETED Africa, Asia, Oceania, South America No No (only REX-325R) Stationary Not specified 60 mA @ 110 kVp PCK Polaris-5R Worldwide, except USA Submitted Yes Rotating Not specified 10 mA @ 120 kVp PCK Polaris-7R Worldwide, except USA Submitted Yes Rotating Not specified 50 mA @ 120 kVp PHILIPS BV Endura Worldwide
45,000 19,800
800,000 24,000
800,000 40,000
50,000/1,200,000 housing 30,600
1.5, 1.5 0.5, 0.5 Not specified High-frequency
1.4 0.6 3.15 @ 110 kVp DC converter constant potential 3.15 @ 110 kVp
2.5
40-110 Not specified 1-120 No Not specified
40-120 40-100 1-200 Yes 0.01-5
40-120 0.2-56 300 Yes 0.01-5
40-105 20 fixed 0.2-80 No 4
40-110 0.2-4 No NA
40-120 0.2-10 Yes 25
40-120 0.2-20 Yes 25
40-110 0.1-7.2 w/auto HIP Safe-pulse Variable
kVp, mA Yes
kVp, mA, camera gain, black level Not specified
kVp, mA, camera gain, black level Not specified
kV and mA No
23/15 (9/6)
23/17/16 (9/7/6)
23/17/16 (9/7/6)
23/17/13 (9/7/5), 31/23/17 (12/9/7)
43.2 (17), dual monitors 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in) optional
53.3 (21), 43.2 (17); opt dual monit 24 x 24 cm (10 x 10 in)
53.3 (21), 43.2 (17); opt dual monit 24 x 24 cm (10 x 10 in)
43.2 (17), dual monitors 24 x 24 cm (10 x 10 in), 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
27

MODEL LISTEM SM-20HF IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type PCK Polaris-5R PCK Polaris-7R PHILIPS BV Endura
Digital memory
Digital memory
Digital memory
Digital memory
1 or 4
1-10,000, depending on options
1-10,000, depending on options
500 @ 3 fps, 5,000 @ 8 fps, 10,000 @ 30 fps
Image matrix size
Not specified
752 x 582 x 10-bit
752 x 582 x 10-bit
1006 x 480 x 8 (60 Hz) display Yes Yes XA multiframe, RIS/HS, MPPS * Video media (dual) and paper printers; video and CD/DVD recorders 78 (30.7) 61 (24)
Yes Not specified Not specified Optional camera
Yes Yes Yes Multiformat camera, video, laser, or thermal camera
Yes Yes Yes Multiformat camera, video, laser, or thermal camera
75 (29.5) 64.6 (25.4)
76 (29.9) 65 (25.6)
76 (29.9) 65 (25.6)
115
115
115
+90/-25
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
45 (17.7) 12.5 180 Yes 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz
30 (11.8) motorized; 40 (15.7) optional 10 180 Yes 110 VAC, 60 Hz; 220 VAC, 50 Hz
30 (11.8) motorized; 40 (15.7) optional 10 180 Yes 110 VAC, 60 Hz; 220 VAC, 50 Hz
50 (19.7) 10 205, safety stop 150 Yes 110-240 10% VAC, 30/16 A
176 x 78.1 x 174.8 (69.3 x 30.7 x 68.8)
178 x 80 x 240 (70 x 31.5 x 94)
178 x 80 x 240 (70 x 31.5 x 94)
184 x 88 x 175 (73.6 x 35.2 x 68.9) w/23 cm (9") I.I., 187 x 88 x 181 (74.8 x 35.2 x 72.4) w/31 cm (12") I.I.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also store commit.
28

MODEL LISTEM SM-20HF WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 230 (507.1) PCK Polaris-5R Not specified PCK Polaris-7R Not specified PHILIPS BV Endura 295 (649) C-arm, 210 (463) monitor
Not specified 18 months 2 months Not specified
Not specified 1 year 4 weeks Yes
$134,000-215,000 1 year 60 days 1-5 years or more
Not specified 1998 NA Not specified January to December None specified
Yes 1997 NA Not specified January to December Digital image rotation, laser positioning, radiation-free collimation, IR remote control, motorized pivot rotation, motorized orbital rotation
Yes 1997 NA Not specified January to December Digital image rotation, laser positioning, radiation-free collimation, IR remote control, motorized pivot rotation, motorized orbital rotation
Application; biomed negotiable 2001 Not specified Not specified January to December Extended memory storage, vascular laser functions with peak opacification, roadmapping, subtraction, extended vascular CO2 imaging, Smart Mask, extended processing, laser alignment tool, laser aiming light, 75 Hz triple-gun monitors Anatomically adaptive measuring field; real-time edge enhancement and movement detection; 16-image overview/ run overview; single-user interface; vascular footswitch; remote control.
None specified.
Isocentric C-arm; magnetic locks; real-time framegrabber and histogramming; DSA.
Isocentric C-arm; magnetic locks; real-time framegrabber and histogramming; DSA.
29

MODEL PHILIPS BV Libra WHERE MARKETED Worldwide PHILIPS BV Pulsera Worldwide SIAS Angio XL 13 Worldwide SIAS Integra 809 Worldwide
Yes Yes Rotating 20 mA @ 120 kVp 20 mA @ 120 kVp, 60 mA @ 100 kVp, 75 mA @ 110 kVp * 300,000/1,900,000 housing 70,000
No Yes Rotating 40 mA @ 120 kVp 40 mA @ 120 kVp
50,000/1,200,000 housing 30,600
300,000 70,000
200,000 40,000
1.4 0.6 3.15 @ 110 kVp DC converter constant potential 3.15 @ 110 kVp
0.6 0.3 7.5 @ 110 kVp HF converter
0.6 0.3 Not specified 40 kHz
7.5 @ 110 kVp
15
7.5
40-105 20 fixed 0.2-80 No 4
40-110 60 fixed 3.2-125 No 2
40-120 25-100 1-300 Upon request 0.01-3
40-120 25-100 1-240 Upon request 0.01-3
40-110 0.1-7.2 w/auto HIP Yes 15
40-120 0.1-20 Yes 15
40-120 0.2-5 Yes 1/3/6/12/25
40-120 0.2-5 Yes 12/25
kV and mA No
kV and mA SharpShot
kVp and mA Yes
kVp and mA Yes
15 (6), 23/17/13 (9/7/5)
23/17/13 (9/7/5), 31/23/17 (12/9/7)
33/23/16/12 (13/9/7/4)
23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) or 17/11 (7/4.5)
43.2 (17), single or dual monitors 24 x 24 cm (10 x 10 in), 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
43.2 (17), dual monitors 24 x 24 cm (10 x 10 in), 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
43.2 (17); 21" for motorized version 35 x 35 cm (13.8 x 13.8 in)
43.2 (17)
24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * SharpShot.
30

MODEL PHILIPS BV Libra IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type PHILIPS BV Pulsera SIAS Angio XL 13 SIAS Integra 809
Digital memory
Digital memory
Digital memory
Optional digital memory
500 @ 3 fps, 1,000 @ 5 fps
500 @ 5 fps, 5,000 @ 8 fps, 10,000 @ 30 fps
128,000 @ 512 x 512; 32,000 @ 1024 x 1024
VIP 48 images @ 576 x 576
Image matrix size
1008 x 480 x 8 (60 Hz) display Yes Yes XA multiframe, RIS/HS, MPPS * Video media (dual) and paper printers; video and CD/DVD recorders 78 (30.7) 61 (24)
1006 x 480 x 8 display, 12-bit dedicated pipeline Yes Recursive filtering XA multiframe, RIS/HS, MPPS * Video media (dual) and paper printers; video and CD/DVD recorders 78 (30.7) 61 (24)
512 x 512 or 1024 x 1024 Yes Yes Optional None specified
576 x 576
Yes Yes Optional Optional camera, video printer, thermal printer
70 (27.6) 64 (25.2)
75 (29.5) 64 (25.2)
+90/-25
+90/-25, optional -45 extended 20 (7.9)
115
115
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
50 (19.7) 10 205, safety stop 150 Yes 110-240 10% VAC, 30/16 A
50 (19.7) 10 205 Yes 110-240 VAC; 15 A @ 120 VAC, 16 A @ 220 VAC 184 x 88 x 175 (73.6 x 35.2 x 70) w/23 cm (9") I.I., 187 x 88 x 181 (74.8 x 35.2 x 72.4) w/31 cm (12") I.I.
50 (19.7) 10 180 Yes 220/240 VAC, 5 kVA
50 (19.7) 10 180 Yes 220/240 VAC, 5 kVA
181.5 x 89 x 168 (72.6 x 35.6 x 67.2)
178 x 80 x 190 (70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8)
178 x 80 x 190 (70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also store commit.
31

MODEL PHILIPS BV Libra WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 265 (583) C-arm, 210 (463) monitor PHILIPS BV Pulsera 320 (704) C-arm, 210 (463) monitor SIAS Angio XL 13 265 (583) SIAS Integra 809 255 (561)
According to type of memory 1 year Not specified Not specified
Application; biomed negotiable 2001 Not specified Not specified January to December Extended memory storage, second monitor, processing, extended processing, laser alignment tool, laser aiming light, dose indicator, 75 Hz triplegun monitors, vascular functions
Application; biomed negotiable 2001 Not specified Not specified January to December Extended image memory, vascular functions including roadmapping, subtraction, peak, Smart Mask, CO2 imaging, extended processing, laser alignment tool, laser aiming light, remote control single-user interface, cardiac package, 75 Hz triplegun monitor Anatomically adaptive measuring field; image intensifier fiberoptically coupled to TV camera (CCD) with amorphous lens; real-time edge enhancement and movement detection; auto high-penetration low-dose technique; 16-image overview/run overview; vascular footswitch.
Not specified 2003 Not specified Not specified Not specified Keyboard for patient patient ID data, laser-beam centering, half-transparent collimator, variable (90-105 mm) SID
Not specified 1993 Not specified Not specified Not specified Half-transparent collimator, laserbeam centering device, variable (90-105 mm) SID
Anatomically adaptive measuring field; image intensifier fiberoptically coupled to TV camera (CCD) with amorphous lens; 16-image overview.
Mobile DSA; PTCA; intraoperative angiography; digital disk storage; real-time subtraction; special procedures; motion artifact reduction; roadmapping; max peak opacification; noise reduction; laser-beam centering; 130 mA pulsed fluoroscopy. Meets requirements of IEC 601-1.
Mobile unit for operating room. Meets requirements of IEC 601-1.
32

MODEL SIAS Integra 909 : Cardio 945 WHERE MARKETED Worldwide SIAS Synchro 9 Worldwide SIEMENS Powermobil Worldwide SIEMENS Siremobil Compact L Worldwide
Yes Yes Rotating 20 kW 20 kW
Yes Yes Stationary 1.4 kW 1.4 kW
300,000 70,000
300,000 70,000
270,000 50,000
50,000 anode, 1,200,000 unit 13,770 anode
NA 0.3/0.5 20 High-frequency
15
15
20
1.4
40-120 25-100 1-300 Upon request 0.01-3
40-120 25-100 1-300 Upon request 0.01-3
NA NA NA NA NA
40-110 6.9-20 1-150 in 23 steps mAs 0.05-10
40-120 0.2-5 Yes 1/3/12/25
40-120 0.2-5 Yes 1/3/6/12/25
40-125 0.2-6.7 Yes 0-15
40-110 0.2-8.9 Yes 0-2
kVp, mA Yes
kVp, mA Yes
Exposure, TV iris, camera gain 0.2-250 mA
Exposure, TV iris, camera gain 0.2-12.2 mA
23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) or 17/11 (7/4.5)
23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) or 17/11 (7/4.5)
23/15 (9/6)
17/10 (7/4), 23/15 (9/6)
43.2 (17)
43.2 (17); 21" for motorized version 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
43.2 (17), dual monitors NA
24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in)
33

MODEL SIAS Integra 909 : Cardio 945 IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type SIAS Synchro 9 SIEMENS Powermobil SIEMENS Siremobil Compact L
Digital memory
Optional digital memory
Digital memory
Digital memory, disk
128,000 @ 512 x 512; 32,000 @ 1024 x 1024
128,000 @ 512 x 512; 32,000 @ 1024 x 1024
5,000/10,000
900
Image matrix size
512 x 512 or 1024 x 1024 Yes Yes Optional Optional camera, video printer, thermal printer
570 x 570, 1024 x 1024 Yes Yes Optional Optional video printer, thermal printer, laser printer, DICOM 3.0 75 (29.5) 64 (25.2)
512 x 444
512 x 444
Yes 0-32 frames Yes Paper, film, laser multiformat film, CODONICS, DICOM, 1,000-image disk 78 (30.7) 71.4 (28.1)
Yes 0-32 frames Yes Paper, film, laser multiformat film, CODONICS, DICOM, 1,000-image disk 78 (30.7) 73 (28.7)
75 (29.5) 64 (25.2)
135
135
190 (95)
130 (+90/-40)
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
20.3 (8)
20 (7.9)
50 (19.7) 10 180 Yes 220/240 VAC, 5 kVA
50 (19.7) 10 180 Yes 220/240 VAC, 5 kVA
40 (15.7) motorized 10 190 Yes 110-240 VAC
45 (17.7) motorized 12.5 190 Yes 110-240 VAC
178 x 80 x 190 (70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8)
178 x 80 x 190 (70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8)
212 x 80 x 181 (83.5 x 31.5 x 71.3)
165 x 80 x 164.8 (65 x 31.5 x 64.9), 212 x 80 x 181 (83.5 x 31.5 x 71.3)
34

MODEL SIAS Integra 909 : Cardio 945 WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 255 (561) SIAS Synchro 9 285 (628) SIEMENS Powermobil 363 (800) SIEMENS Siremobil Compact L 257 (566), 147 (324) monitor cart
Not specified 2001 : 1992 Not specified Not specified Not specified Keyboard for patient ID data, laser-beam centering, half-transparent collimator, variable (90-105 mm) SID
Not specified 2001 Not specified Not specified Not specified None specified
3 days 1999 Not specified Not specified Not specified Digital cine mode up to 250 mA, cableless counterbalanced isocentric C-arm, DSA and roadmap standard
2 days (3 days DSA) 2001 (1996 Compact) Not specified Not specified Not specified Digital image rotation, electronic shutters on stored image, image collage, dose-area product display, auto window imaging, electromagnetic lock controls, 25 customizable user programs
Mobile DSA; PTCA; intraoperative angiography; digital disk storage; real-time subtraction; special procedures; motion artifact reduction; roadmapping; max peak opacification; 130 mA pulsed fluoroscopy. Meets requirements of IEC 601-1.
Motorized with movements speed proportional; remote controlled by joystick or with dedicated panel on both sides; manual and motorized C-arm movement; safety clutches for all electric-powered movements; touchscreen-controlled x-ray parameters; 5 x-ray tube cooling fans to extend operational capabilities; 130 mA pulsed.
None specified.
None specified.
35

MODEL SIEMENS Siremobil Iso-C : Siremobil Iso-C LF WHERE MARKETED Worldwide SIEMENS Siremobil Iso-C 3D Worldwide STEPHANIX OMNISCOP C with 7" Image Intensifier Worldwide STEPHANIX OMNISCOP C with 9" Image Intensifier Worldwide
Not specified Yes Fixed Not specified 28 mA @ 100 kV
Not specified Yes Fixed Not specified 28 mA @ 100 kV
50,000 anode, 1,200,000 unit 13,770 anode
50,000 anode, 1,200,000 unit 13,770 anode
1.5 0.6 Not specified High frequency
1.5 0.6 Not specified High frequency
1.4
1.4
2.8
2.8
40-110 6.9-20 1-150 in 23 steps mAs 0.05-10
40-110 6.9-20 1-150 in 23 steps mAs 0.05-10
40-110 25.4-65 1-250 Not specified Not specified
40-110 0.2-8.9 Yes 0-2
40-110 0.2-8.9 Yes 0-2
kV and mA Not specified
23/15 (9/6), 27/23 (11/9)
23/15 (9/6)
16/12 (6.3/4.7)
23/16/12 (9.1/6.3/ 4.7)
44 (17), flat screen
24 x 30 cm (9.5 x 11.8 in) optional
24 x 30 cm (9.5 x 11.8 in) optional
36

MODEL SIEMENS Siremobil Iso-C : Siremobil Iso-C LF IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type SIEMENS Siremobil Iso-C 3D STEPHANIX OMNISCOP C with 7" Image Intensifier STEPHANIX OMNISCOP C with 9" Image Intensifier
Digital memory
Digital memory
900
900
Image matrix size
512 x 444
512 x 444
576 x 576 x 8
576 x 576 x 8
Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified
72.5 (28.5) 66.2 (26.1)
72.5 (28.5) 66.2 (26.1)
190 (95) 20 (7.9)
190 (95) 20 (7.9)
115
115
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
40 (15.7) motorized 12 200 Not specified 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 16 A
165 x 80 x 164.8 (65 x 31.5 x 64.9)
165 x 80 x 164.8 (65 x 31.5 x 64.9)
211.3 x 88.4 x 182 (83.2 x 34.8 x 71.7)
211 x 88.4 x 182 (83.1 x 34.8 x 71.7)
37

MODEL SIEMENS Siremobil Iso-C : Siremobil Iso-C LF WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 235 (519), 147 (324) monitor cart SIEMENS Siremobil Iso-C 3D 235 (519), 147 (324) monitor cart STEPHANIX OMNISCOP C with 7" Image Intensifier 230 (507.2) STEPHANIX OMNISCOP C with 9" Image Intensifier 230 (507.2)
Not specified 1 year Not specified Not specified
2 days (3 days DSA) 1998 : 1999 Not specified Not specified Not specified Digital image rotation, electronic shutters on stored image, image collage, dose-area product display, auto window imaging : Cableless isocentric design supports, 3-D feature for real-time intraoperative acquisition of 3-D data set (CT-like images) * None specified.
2 days (3 days DSA/ 3D) 2001 Not specified Not specified Not specified Digital image rotation, electronic shutters on stored image, image collage, dose-area product display, auto window imaging, cableless isocentric design supports
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Digital systems, cross-laser localizer, models of collimators, sterilized covers
3-D feature for real-time intraoperative acquisition of 3-D data set (CT-like images) before, during, or after OR procedures; instant review of 3-D and multiplanar reconstructions.
None specified.
None specified.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Before, during, or after OR procedures; instant review of 3-D and multiplanar reconstructions.
38

MODEL STEPHANIX OMNISCOP CR with 9" Image Intensifier WHERE MARKETED Worldwide STEPHANIX OMNISCOP CR with 12" Image Intensifier Worldwide SWEMAC Biplanar 400 E Worldwide TECHNIX TCA 5R Worldwide, except USA No Yes Rotating 50 mA @ 100 kVp * 50 mA @ 100 kVp *
Not specified Yes Rotating Not specified 28 mA @ 100 kV
Not specified Yes Rotating Not specified 28 mA @ 100 kV
76,000 19,800
200,000 33,000
Not specified 0.6 4 Digital highfrequency Not specified
0.6 0.3 17 Not specified
2.8
2.8
2.8, 5
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
40-120, 1 kVp steps 23-90 1-250 No 0.011-5
40-110 0.2-4 Not specified Not specified
40-120, 1 kVp steps 0.2-8 Yes 0.2-2
Yes Yes
kV, mA Yes
23/16/12 (9.1/6.3/ 4.7)
30/23/16 (11.8/9.1/ 6.3)
23 (9)
23/15/11 (9/6/4.5), 17/13 (7/5), 15 (6) 43.2 (17), single or dual monitors 24 x 30 cm 10 x 24 in), or 18 x 24 cm (7 x 10 in)
43.2 (17); 100 Hz, flicker-free Not specified
24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in) optional
24 x 30 cm (10 x 12) optional
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also 90 mA @ 40 kVp.
39

MODEL STEPHANIX OMNISCOP CR with 9" Image Intensifier IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type STEPHANIX OMNISCOP CR with 12" Image Intensifier SWEMAC Biplanar 400 E TECHNIX TCA 5R
Digital memory
Digital memory
RAM
Digital memory
Digital imaging processor 100 Hz/48 frames on RAM and 20,000 frames on hard disk 576 x 576 x 8
Image matrix size
576 x 576 x 8
576 x 576 x 8
750 x 576
Yes 2-16 Optional Video-copy printer, optional multiformat camera and DICOM interface 106 (41.7) Not specified
Yes Yes Optional (with DIP memory) Optional video/film/ thermal/laser printer, hard disk, CD-ROM * 79 (31.1) 70 (27.6)
77.8 (30.6) 66.2 (26.1)
72 (28.3) 64.1 (25.2)
115
115
Not specified
120
20 (7.9)
20 (7.9)
Not specified
22 (8.7)
30 (11.8) 17 Not specified Not specified 100-240 10% VAC, 2 kVA
50 (19.7) 12.5 270 Yes 105/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 24/10 A
217.8 x 88.4 x 182 (85.7 x 34.8 x 71.7)
218.7 x 88.4 x 179.6 (86.1 x 34.8 x 70.7)
190 x 195 x 38.1 (74.8 x 76.8 x 15)
190.8 x 79.8 x 187.6 (75.1 x 31.4 x 73.9)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Video recorder or multiformat camera.
40

MODEL STEPHANIX OMNISCOP CR with 9" Image Intensifier WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 237 (522.6) STEPHANIX OMNISCOP CR with 12" Image Intensifier 250 (551.3) SWEMAC Biplanar 400 E 320 (704) TECHNIX TCA 5R 300 (661.5)
Not specified Not specified 4 weeks Not specified
Yes 1987 Not specified 200 January to December Hard-disk storage for up to 2,900 images
None 2003 NA Not specified January to December Laser targeting device, thermal printer, dosimeter w/printer, flickerfree TV chain, digital image processor, DICOM interfacing, CD-ROM (with DICOM), video recorder
None specified.
None specified.
Meets requirements of EMC and EN 60601-1-2, 601-1, 601-2-7, 601-2-28, 62B (CO) 88, and 62B (CO) 108.
None specified.
41

MODEL TECHNIX TCA 5S WHERE MARKETED Worldwide, except USA No Yes Stationary 28 mA @ 100 kVp * 28 mA @ 100 kVp * VILLA SISTEMI Arcovis 2000 RB Worldwide VILLA SISTEMI Arcovis 2000 SB Worldwide VMI Cenos Worldwide
No Yes Stationary 28 mA @ 100 kVp 28 mA @ 100 kVp
No No Not specified 100 mA @ 100 kVp 100 mA @ 100 kVp
40,000 17,000
200,000 33,000
40,000 17,000
300,000 65,000
1.5 0.5 3.3 Not specified
2.8
2.8
10
40-110, 1 kVp steps 25-65 1-250 No 0.015-5
40-120 23-90 1-250 Not specified 0.011-5
40-110 25-65 1-250 Not specified 0.015-5
40-120 25-100 1-400 Solid-state 0.1-5
40-110, 1 kVp steps 0.2-4 Yes 0.2-2
40-120 0.2-12 Yes 0.08-2
40-110 0.2-6.5 Yes 0.08-2
50-110 0.5-5 Yes 2-30, optional 60
kV, mA Yes
kVp, mA Yes
kVp, mA Yes
kVp and mA Optional
23/15/11 (9/6/4.5), 17/13 (7/5), 15 (6) 43.2 (17), single or dual monitors 24 x 30 cm 10 x 24 in), or 18 x 24 cm (7 x 10 in)
23/16/11 (9/6/4-5), 17/12 (7/5)
23/16/12 (9/6/5), 17/12 (7/5), 15 (6) 43.2 (17), 1 or 2 monitors 24 x 30 cm
25/15/11 (9/6/4)
43.2 (17), 1 or 2 monitors 24 x 30 cm
43.2 (17), dual monitors 24 x 30 cm (9.5 x 11.8 in), 35 x 35 cm (13.8 x 13.8 in)
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also 65 mA @ 40 kVp.
42

MODEL TECHNIX TCA 5S IMAGE PROCESSING AND STORAGE Video storage type VILLA SISTEMI Arcovis 2000 RB VILLA SISTEMI Arcovis 2000 SB VMI Cenos
Digital memory
Digital memory
Digital memory
Digital memory, hard disk, VCR
Digital imaging processor 100 Hz/48 frames on RAM and 20,000 frames on hard disk 576 x 576 x 8
Up to 48 RAM, up to 10,000 hard disk
Up to 48 RAM, up to 10,000 hard disk
80,000
Image matrix size
576 x 576 x 10
576 x 576 x 10
512 x 512, optional 1024 x 1024 Yes Yes Yes Optional multiformat camera, video printer, thermal printer 78 (30.7) 50 (20.7)
Yes Yes Optional (with DIP memory) Optional video/film/ thermal/laser printer, hard disk, CD-ROM 79 (31.1) 70 (27.6)
Yes Yes Optional Optional thermal printer
Yes Yes Optional Optional thermal printer
74 (29.1), 9" I.I.; 82 (32.3), 7" I.I. 67 (26.4), 9" I.I.; 69 (27.2), 7" I.I. 120 (+90/-30)
74 (29.1), 9" I.I.; 82 (32.3), 7/6" I.I. 67 (26.4), 9" I.I.; 69 (27.2), 7/6" I.I. 120 (+90/-30)
120
125
22 (8.7)
22 (8.7)
22 (8.7)
21 (8.3)
50 (19.7) 12.5 270 Yes 105/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 24/10 A
50 (19.7) 12.5 270 Yes 115/230 VAC
50 (19.7) 12.5 270 Yes 115/230 VAC
39 (15.4) 15 360 Yes 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz
190.8 x 79.8 x 187.6 (75.1 x 31.4 x 73.9)
185 x 80 x 190 (72.8 x 31.5 x 79.8)
185 x 80 x 190 (72.8 x 31.5 x 79.8)
177 x 79 x 205 (69.7 x 31.1 x 80.7)
43

MODEL TECHNIX TCA 5S WEIGHT, kg (lb) PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract Training (included in purchase) Year first sold Number installed USA Worldwide Fiscal year OPTIONAL FEATURES 293 (646.1) VILLA SISTEMI Arcovis 2000 RB 285 (628.3) VILLA SISTEMI Arcovis 2000 SB 280 (617.3) VMI Cenos 390 (860)
Not specified Not specified 4 weeks Not specified
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Not specified 1 year 4 weeks Not specified
None 2003 NA Not specified January to December Laser targeting device, thermal printer, dosimeter w/printer, flickerfree TV chain, digital image processor, DICOM interfacing, CD-ROM (with DICOM), video recorder
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified None specified
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified None specified
2 days on-site 1997 Not specified Not specified January to December Healthcare department certified; quality system ISO 9001 certified. Meets requirements of IEC 60.601-1.
None specified.
None specified.
None specified.
Meets requirements of IEC 60601-1.
44

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June 2003

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Horizontal, Vertical Motion

Point of Pivotal Rotation

Figure 1. Various movements of a typical C-arm unit

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Standards and guidelines

Citations from other ECRI publications

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Health Devices Inspection and Preventive Maintenance System

Health Devices Alerts

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Healthcare Product Comparison System

About the chart specifications

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Need to know more?

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Product Comparison Chart

Yes Yes Not specified 7 mA @ 110 kVp Not specified

40,000 Not specified

0.6 0.3 5 High-frequency

1.5 0.5 Not specified High-frequency

0.6 0.3 15 High-frequency

40-120 40-80 3-250 No 0.06-5

40-110 25-65 1-250 No 0.011-5

40-120 25-100 1-185 No 0.02-3

40-120 0.1-6 Yes 1-25

40-110 0.2-4 Yes Not specified

40-120 0.2-5 Yes 1-25

40-110 4-7 Not specified Not specified

ABS control Snapshot mode IMAGE INTENSIFIER Diameter, cm (in)

32/23/16 (12/9/ 6.3), 22/16/11 (8.7/ 6.3/4.3) 51 (20.1), dual monitors 24 x 30 cm

TV MONITOR SIZE, cm (in) CASSETTE HOLDER SIZES

44 or 51 (17 or 20) dual monitors * 24 x 30 cm

Optional dual 43.2 (17) No

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Image rotation.

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Product Comparison Chart

Capacity, number of images

50,000 (hard disk)

Image matrix size

Last-image hold Frame integration DICOM CONFORMANCE HARD-COPY DEVICES

Yes Yes Optional Optional thermal printer, multiformat camera

Yes Yes No Optional thermal printer, multiformat camera

Yes Yes Optional Optional thermal printer, dry imager

Optional Yes Not specified Ink jet printer

71.3 (28.1) 57 (22.4)

87 (34.2) U-arm 70 (27.6)

40 (15.7) 12 200 No 115/230 10% VAC, 50/60 Hz

50 (19.7) 12 190 No 115/230 10% VAC, 50/60 Hz

None No 120 VAC, 15 amps

H x W x D of C-arm frame, cm (in)

180 x 82 x 180 (70.9 x 32.3 x 70.9)

180 x 82 x 180 (70.9 x 32.3 x 70.9)

210 x 40 x 125 (82.7 x 15.7 x 49.2)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Product Comparison Chart