UGC Teaching Aptitude Part I TEACHING APTITUDE Teaching is a complex process which brings socially desirable behavioural change

in a person. Teaching is a part ofteaching-learning process. It is required to bring certain changes in a person according to the need of his society and environment in which he is living. 'Teaching is not an act as it is dynamic in nature so it is termed as process. It is also not a fundamental concept as it is greatly influenced by social and human factors. Teachlng is both artan,d science. It is an ' activity involving teacher and student with a view to the development of student. The main aim of teaching is to bring about socially desirable behavioural changes in the students and can be achieved only if teaching is effective and based on certain values or principles. Teaching is one of the main parts of the teaching-learning system. So effective teaching is mostly depending on the teacher. It is a common fact that a good teacher is born and not made. Training and research can make a good teacher better and a better teacher best. Teacher should follow various methods of teaching devised from time to time. A teacher encourages the practice of thinking among students. Teacher should give to the students the' freedom and opportunity to express their ideas. . Teaching is required to give education to the students. Edl,lcation may be defined as the process of drawing out least in an individual. We can define education as "the aggregate of all processes by means of which a person develops attributes, attitudes and other forms of behaviour of positive value in the society in 'which he lives". We can also define it as "the 'social process by which people are subjecte.d to tHe influence of a selected and controlled environment, so that they may attain social competence and optimum individual development" . The complete process of education must contain four common factors (i) Educator (teacher) (ll) Educand (Student) (iii) the subject matter (iv) the context (setting). Now, education is the proces~ of developi~g some abilities in an individual. Though abilities are in'born quality, it is also a fact that these

can be nurtured and developed in an educand through various means by a n educator. Education must also be relevant and useful to the society in which educand has to live. Since 'every individual is unique in their own way, th~ educator has to adopt strategies and methods suitabl~ to i~dividual needs. Educati~n II,u-J-st also be productive. The educational productivity (rate of efficiency of work) can be classified as .qualitative and quantitative. For better education both qualitative and quantitative productivity is required. Quality means here the excellence in the part of textbook, teachets students's aids, facilities and other teaching aids where as quantity refers the number of teachers, institutions, professionals, etc. Education and teaching are interrelated. Education is a complex social cultural and ethical process designed in a social or cultural content. It is related with social structures, cultural environments, values, and ideas of people, society and government. All these . factors are dynamic in nature. So teaching is also a dynamic process and its definition changes according to place and t ime . Morrison defines it as a disciplined social process in which teacher influences the behaviours of the less experienced pupil and helps him develop according to the needs and ideas ofthe society. Smith termed it as an organised system of worker. He/she must have proper guts to lead specific activities aimed to help the learner learn by an example at a superior level as he is the something. leader of his pupil. He/she has to exercise An analytical approach makes it clear that neGe!?.ary influence for bringing the .desired neither of the definition fulfils the purpose. . modification in behaviour. A good definition ofteaching should Teacher works to change the behaviour of (i) Tell whether teaching is a process or students according to the need of the society. act. He/she must also creates situation to increase (ii) Clearly indicates constitutional factors. the thinking capacity of mind of students. He (iii) Reveals objectives, and give education to the people. Education is a (iv) Say something about its organisational tripolar process involving educator, educant and 'structural aspect. and social milieu. The educand is deperident Accordirig to' this analysis we can define variable of education whereas educator is teaching as a-tripolar process ~nvol~ing human independent variable. Social milieu is required or material source ' of teaching students and a for the direction of education. Education should set of organi4ed ' activities designed and develop intellectual, moral, aesthetic, manipulated for bringing changes in the democratic, material and economic life to make behavious of the taught. our country a leading force. Hard work and Since teaching is a process and' it is mental alertness should be the rst requisite of dynamic in nature so it changes its concept the educational training. according to time and place. It is a professional . The teacher has to provide intellectual and

activity. TeachIng can be ' analysed and. social leadership. He is to follow a curriculum assessed. This analysis and assessm:ent . 'but his task is beyond this. He acts as an ideal provides feedback for further improvement in for his students. He has to follow the way of methods of teaching. Teaching is highly simple life with great thinking, His morale dominated by communicaitcin 'skilL It is should be high. He must be competent. His interactive process carried with .purpose and efficiency and enthusiasm is also very objectives, Teaching may have various forms as important. He must also possess some other formal, imformal, diiectional,lnstructional . qualities as he is . the pivote of educational formational; training, conditioning, talking: system. Such as 'J.se of good means for good showing etc. All these words single handly can't ends, clear thinking no prejudice, ability of be synonym of teaching. Teac41ng is a much critical judgements at the righttime, tolerence broader term, All these activities ariparts of are all needed for a teacher. Teacher m~st be teaching at different leveL' . . ready to impart to their students all Teaching ' has been analysed in seve'ral information geographical, historical, political ways for understanding it, fo r "designing social practical and strategic and scientific. teaching methods and inaterials with a view.to The complete educational process has four reaI is m. g speci' fi c objectives making teaching important common factors more effective .. This modification is based on (i) teacher (ii) student (iii) subject matter feedbacks. Teaching skill is o~e of the'.nlost(iv)setting (context). important thing required 'for it tacherhlt itis ' TEACHER not the only requirerrie~t. :Tea:cning involve~ Teacher is -a person, who, due to his rich or interaction. So, communication: ' skill, . unusual experience in education or both in a personality, attitude, .attribute, interest .all . giyen field is able tocontribute to the growth these are also countedJor effective teachlng. A and development of the other person who comes teacher cannot be regarded only as a skilled in contact with him. There are four dimensions associated with a teacher, his competence, efficacy, enthusiasm and morale. Teacher's competence : Teacher's competence has been defined as the e~tent to which the teacher has t~ relevant subje~t matter and the pedagogical experties needed to impart the curriculum effectively. Teacher's efficacy: It IS defined as the self belief in his capacity of doing what is expected from them. Teacher's enthusiasm: A teacher must be very enthusiastic. Teacher's Morale : It is very important in maintaining balance in the classroom interaction. The various factors contributed to the morale are psychological well being, self esteem; commitment to a cause. Knowledge and identification with the organisational goal. The teachers morale is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental cause. These four factors 'are seen in process of effective classroom interaction. CLASSROOM INTERACTION : The classroom interaction between a student ~nd a teacher is completely based on the climate

created by teacher. He should be able to bring the blendiness of friendship with a definite degree of firmness. The interaction must be smooth and pleasant without any friction for a complete:and fruitful teaching learning process. Normally, verbalism' goes on in the name of teaclfing. Students are merely expected to listen to th~ explanation and lectures. This is known as direct teaching. The effectiveness of direct teaching has been questioned many times and it is found that this type of teaching is not very effective one. For effective teaching the active , participation of students IS very important. This participation IS done through the classroom interaction. 'This interaction consist of thier explanations and lectures with students , suggestions, ideas concepts, and questions,etc. These activ:ities of students make important for making teaching learning process effective, democratic and friendly. Interaction is required for the rectification of the drawbacks of direct teaching. This interactive teaching is known as indirect teaching. Through the interaction; the teacher analyses the capacity and tequirement of students and can bring subsequent changes in their behaviour according to the requirement and can also change way of teaching. I One of the most important thing ill classroom interaction is the communication. Communication will be learned in UNIT-IV in details. SUBJECT MATTER : It is also known as curriculum. Curriculum is a "general overall plan of the content or specific material of instruction, that an educational institution should offer to the student by way of qualifying him for graduation or certification". It is also a body of prescribed educational experience under an institutional supervision, designed to provide an individual with the best possible training and experience to fit him foy the society of which he/she is a part, or to qualify him for a trade or profession. It is also defined as "a subject matter, instructional materials, situations o~ experience that may , help to develop understanding, skills, appreciation and attitudes". , Curriculum should be logical, . psychological and according to the needs of the pupil and also the society. It should be objective in approach. Curriculum can be of two types: (i) Teacher oriented curriculum :''In this type of 'curriculum the process of selection of

materials content is based on the needs-of the instructor/teacher. The teacher is proficient in , his particular field and is considered superior. (ii) Child/student orient~d cu~riculum : A curriculum in which the criteria for the selection. and sequence of material, activities and experiences for any particular pupil are the needs, maturity, interests and experiential backgrounds ofthe individual child. In our country the NCERT is the main institution authorised for making curriculum. Every state has . his own curriculum making bodies known as SCERT.Some 'states follows the NCERT curriculum. All schools affliated uses. This is the most important step of -teaching learning process. the CBSE boards generally follow NCERT curriculum. At higher _level every university make their own curriculum according to the guidelines of University Grant Commission which acts for the uniformity in curriculum at higher level in our country. QUALITIES OF TEACHER CONTEXT (SETTING) : Previously schools were not designed to successfully teach all . students. Nowadays their motto have been changed. Their nE;W motto is 'DO LEARN'. This setting is dynamic and flexible. This is changing in view -of making it beneficial to society rather than for an individual. Teaching is a process carried out in .differerit steps. There are five main steps of teaching (i) Preparatioli : This stage is required or intended for the preparation of both the teacher and the students. The teacher prepare the ~tudent for a new topic or ~ lesson in variety of ways. (ii) Presentation : At this stage the new lesson actually begins. The students know that what they are going to learn. The subject material should be carefully arranged by the teacher. He has to encourage the students to observe, compare and contrast the. facts presented to them. This stage requires mental alertness from the students. The presentation rests in. the principle of selection of the area to be covered. It is not necessary for a teacher to cover up all areas of the course of study. He. may leave some areas for students self study.

(iii) -Comparison : In this section after presentation of subject matter, the student (i) Teacher should be mentally nad physically fit. (ii) Teacher should be keen in his wGrk and should be enthusiastic and anxious to keep his knowledge fresh & update. (iii) He should possess patience and tolerance and try to study the difficulties and problem of students and try to solve them in a quite and calm manner. (iv) He should have feelings of love and sympathy. (v) He must not be superstitious about his students and class. (vi) He should be well dressed and well maintained. (vii) His voice should be sweet, polite and clear. (viii) His language should be understandable to the students. (ix) He must not give any false promise. (x) He/she should have interest in his profession and the knowledge must be updated. (xi) He must not have any bad habits. (xii) Teacher must have a good communication skill and must be a master of his area or field of teaching. (xiii) Teacher should be trained in various methods of teaching. (xiv) He should know the child psychology. (xv) -Teacher should be a good researcher. (xvi) He should have a control over students - to maintain peace and order in,class. (xvii) Teaching should be pupil central rather than subject centres. is given opportunity to compare two or more sets of facts. This enhance the uriderstanding of lesson among students as they compare and observe different facts. (iv) Generalisation: This stage comes after the comparison and observation. Different tyPes of conclusions can be drawn from comparison and generalisation. These conclusions are systemised in a particular (xviii) Teacher should arose interest among students about the subject. / order to give a generalised truth. (v) Appiication : At this stage the

generalised facts are applied for various (;dx) .Teacher must be fair in grading and marking. (xx) Teacher -should organise extra curricular activities for -better understanding of subject matter. (xxi) Good interpersonal relationship should be maintained. (xxii) Rewards and punishments should b~ given according to their behaviour but usually punishment should be avoided. (xxiii) Teacher should use modern techniques, methods and gadgets in teaching for better understanding of subject matter. (xxiv) Teacher should evoke curiosity of the pupils by presenting the subject matter in an effective manner with clear explanation leading to better understanding of the matter. (xxv) Teacher should arrange subject matter in a logical way. (xxvi) Teacher should make a lesson plan before presenting the lesson in the class . . (xxvii) Teacher should work as a leader in the class. (xxviii) Teacher should maintain a democratic atmosphere in the class so that every student will be able to put his doubt, questions and ideas with suggestion. (xxix) Teacher should act as a role model for his students with his character and behaviour. He way follow the way of "simple living and great thinking". (xxx) Teacher should inspire his pupil. UGC Teaching Aptitude Part II QUESTIONS 1. If majority of students in your class are weak you should (a) not care about the intelligent students (b) keep your speed of teaching fast so that students comprehension level may increase (c) keep your teaching slow (d) keep your teaching slow along with some extra guidance to bright pupils 2. If some ,o f your pupils misbehave with you in the college campus you must (a) report to the principal (b) report to their parents (c) improve their behaviour by your own

character and scholarship (d) mobilize other teachers against these guys 3. A teacher in the class should keep the pitch of his voice (a) high enough (b) low (c) moderate (d) sometime low and somtime high 4. If some students fail in the examination it isthe fault of (a) the teacher (b) the principal (c) pupils themselves (d) text books 5. A teacher who is not able to draw the attention of his students should (a) evaluate hIS teaching method and improve it (b) resign from the post (c) find fault in his pupils (d) start dictating 6. Itback-benchers are always talking in the classroom a teacher should (a) let them do what they are doing (b) punish them (c) ask them to sit on the front benches (d) none of the above 7. A teacher (a) should introduce the lesson before he starts teaching (b) should have command over his language (c) should have command over his subject (d) all of the above 8. If a teacher is not able to answer the question of a pupil he should (a) say that he will answer after consultation (b) rebuke the pupil (c) say that the question is wrong (d) feel shy of his ignorance 9. Arrange the following teaching process in order . (i) relating the present knowledge with the preVious knowledge (ii) evaluation (iii) reteaching . (iv) . formulating objectives (v) preseritation of materials

(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (b) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv), (v) (c) (v), (iv), (iii), (i), (ii) (d) (iv), (i),(v), (ii), (iii) 10. Use oftelecast materials (a) enhances concentration and learning (b) reduces the burden ofthe teacher (c) increases retention power (d) all of the above 11. If students are not able to follow, you should (a) give them prompt (b) make the matter easy (c) illustrate with examples (d) All ofthe above 12. Micro teaching is useful to students of (a) . primary classes only (b) junior classe~ only (c) 10 + 2 classes only (d) higher classes and primary classes both 13. If remarks are passed by students on you, as a teacher, you will (a) punish them (b) expel them from the college (c) take revenge while evaluating internal test copies (d) be impartial at the time of evaluation 14. Ma.ximum participation of . students IS possible in teaching through (a) lecture method (b) discussion method (c) textbook method (d) audio-visual aids 15. Which of the following IS the most important single factor in underlying-the success of beginning a teacher? (a) scholarship (b) communicative ability (c) personality and its abi~ity to relate to the class and to the pupils (d) organisational ability 16. The greatest important cause of failure in beginning for a teacher lies in the areaof (a) inter-personal relationship (b) verbal ability (c) know ledge oJ the teacher (d) tight handling of the students 17. All ofthe following are the characteristic features of an effective teacher except (a) emphasis upon standard

(b) emphasizing group discussion for the purpose of clarifying the objectives (c) emphasis upon the quick control of the problematic situation (d) differential treatment meted out to students of his class 18. An effective-teachirig means all of the following except (a) a teacher teaches with enthusiasm (b) a teacher finds fault in his students (c) a teacher puts emphasis more on teachi.ng than on class control (d) a teacher is interested in making the subject . matter understood rather than on completing the course 19. The field of education is permeated by conflicts and misconception because (a) problems In education call for subjectivity of interpretation (b) problems encountered in teaching are not amenable to rigorous scientific investi -gation (c) there are not good teaching methods and procedures (d) teachers are not worthy of dOIng rigorous scientific investigation 20. The introduction of career courses in schools and colleges aims at (a) developing the ability to make the intelligent choice of jobs (b) providing professional knowledge to students (c) increasing G.K. in students (d) All ofthe above 21. The main role of education according to Plato was' (a) to develop the power of contemplation (b) to develop the personality of each individual (e) to strengthen the state (d) All of the above 22. Teachers should study educational philosophy because (a) they do not know it (b) they do not have their own philosophy ' (c) philosophy' is the backbone of all disciplines (d) they may improve their work by clarifying their own philosophy 23. Kindergarten (KG.) system o(education means garden of small kids ;which IS indebted to

(a) Dewey (b) Froebel (c) Plato (d) Spencer 24. John Locke's phrase oftabula rl:!-sa means (a) Tal and Ras (b) free education (c) mind its eli is a result ofthe process of evolution (d) All of the above 25. A democratic society is one which (a) follows the principles of equality, free dom, fraternity and justice . (b) respects the enlightened individuals (c) believes Ill ' equal educational opportunity (d) All of the above 26. An effective teacher adopts the norms of the (a) democratic society (b) leizes faire society (c) autocratic society (d) all of the above according to the situation 27. While dealing with juvenile delinquents a teacher should (a) play them with filthy sex jokes (b) talk with them frankly and guide and channelize their potentialities in constructive ways (e) complain to .the principal against them . UGC-JRF (Paper 1)- 2 (d) none ofthe above 28. TV is superior-to radio as teaching aid because it (a) is costly (b) invites two senses-hearing and . vision simultaneously leading to more accurate form of learning (c) is generally liked by pupils (d) all of the above 29. The major responsibility with which the school personnels have been entrusted is that I (a) it harmonizes the needs of th~ child and demands of the society for the benefit of both (b) it makes the child able to get job (e) ,it prepares the school programme according to the need of the child (d) all oftheabove . 30. The best educatiQnal programme is one

which is according to the (a) need of the child (b) ability of the child (c) interest of child (d) all of these along with the need ofthe society 31. While delivering leeture if there is some disturbance in the class, then a teacher should (a) keep quite for a while and then go on (b) . n0t bother of what is happening in the class (e) punish those causing disturbance (d) all ofthe ~ove 32. On which of the following statements there is consensus among educators? (a) Disciplinary cases should be sent to the principal only when other means have failed (b) Disciplinary cases should never be sent to the principal's office (e) Disciplinary cases should be totally neglected in the class (d) None of the above 33. Classroom discipline can be maintained effectively by . (a) knowing the cause of indiscipline and handling it with stern hand (b). providing a programme which isaccording to the need and interest of the pupils (e) by putting on fancy clothes in the classroom (d) none of the above 34. The most appropriate meaning oflearning is (a) inculcation of knowledge '. (b) modification of behaviour (c) personal adjustment (d) acquisition of skills 35. In the final analysis, teaching must be thought of mainly as a process of . (a) asking questions and evaluating the learning (b) directing the activities ofthe pupils le) hearing the lrecitation of pupils (d) all ofthe above 36. The functions of a teacher is in the order of (a) guiding the child, helping him towards progress and evaluation

(b) checking homework, guiding him and assigning further task (c) Both of these (d) None of the above 37. A teacher in the class is (a) the president ofthe group (b) a director of the group (c) a leader and guide of the group (d) all of the above 38. Teachers primary responsibilIty lies in (a) planning educational experiences (b) implementing policies (e) keeping students records (d) all of the above 39. A teacher is expected to d0,all except (a) participation in community activities (b) help pupils to solve their problems (c) taking interest in politics (d) sponsor clubs and other school affairs (e) keeping students'records 40. In order ' to develop rapport with your pupils you should (a) guide them (b) behave them in a democratic ray (c) have communicative ability , (d) all ofthe above I 41.Verbal guidance is least effective m ' teaching (a) attitude (b) concept and facts (c) relationship (d) skills 42.A teacher meeting his students for the first time should (a) start teaching without caring the students likes and dislikes. (b) develop rapport with the class (e) give a broad outline of the whole subject (d) (b) and (c) both 43: Before starting instruction a teacher should (a) know the existing knowledge of his students and their background knowledge (b) be aware of the environmental variables acting on the mind of the pupils (c) be competent enough to arouse the curiosity of his pupils (d) all of the above 44. Observable behaviours which a teacher can use in the class to bring home to the

pupil an idea or point is technically called (a) teaching skills . (b) communication facilities (c) demonstration (d) none of these 45. Quality of education in a school/college can be measured through (a) infra structural facilities available (b) manpower, teachers arid principal available (c) students'achievement (d) all of the above 46. Which of the following statement~ regarding motivation is correct? (a) Freewill, intellect and reason are the motivating factors ac,cording to Plato (b) Inborn, unlearned tendencies, called instincts are the motivating forces according to James Burt (c) Curiosity and level of aspiration are the motivating factors according to Berlyne (d) All ofthe above 47. An effective teacher is expected to (a) encourage the students to make initiative (b) reduce the anxiety level of students to moderate leyel (c) to make students feel that education is their need (d) all ofthe above , 48. The professional requirements of a teacher as explained in the UNESCO publication is/are (a) mastery over the subject and competency for teaching (b) Innovativeness ill approach and teaching strategies (c) justice to the profession (d) All of the above 49. Effective teaching means (a) Love, cooperation, sympathy, affection and encouragement given to students . (b) Corporal punishment given to students at the time of moral offences (c) Individualized instruction and open classroom discussion (d) both (a) and (c) 50. All ofthe following statements regarding a teacher are correct except):hat he islhe

(a) a friend, guide and philosopher 51. (b) teaches what the students do not know (c) the leader of the Class (d) changes his attitudes and behaviour ac~ordi~g to the need of the society Drop outs are more likely to be (a) unemployed (b) vulnerable to the. requirement of public assistance (c) engaged in antisocial behaviour (d) all ofthese 52. Teacher's professionalism means (a) the extent to which a teacher subscribes to a professional code (b) a teacher has to teach for the sakI;! of getting salaries (c) a teacher must have completed professional teachers training course before his appointment (d) all of the above 53. Teachers' professionalism may be assessed in terms of all of the following commitments except .. (a) commitment to the profession and students (b) commitment to the colleagues and employer (c) commitment to the religion and castes (d) commitment to the parents and community 54. The first important step in teaching is (a) planning before }land . (b) organizing material to be taught (c) knowing the background of students (d) non~ ofthe above 55. Suppose .you are an ambitious teacher. You have high ideals for class room teaching but your hard labour goes In vain. The reason underlying this problem maybe (a) Your teaching level is above the ability level of students (b) Individual differences among students make your efforts futile (c) both ofthese (d) none ofthc above 56. If a student becomes unconscious in the class what will you do first? (a) Rushing to theprincipal's office and con vas sing for help impatiently

(b) Telephoning student's parents and waiting for them (c) Giving first aid to him and trying to contact any nearby doctor (d) making arrangement to send him to his home 57.If you come across to teach a blind student along with the normal students what type of behaviour you are expectedto exhibit? (a) Take care of him with sympathy (b) Don't give any extra attention because majority of students may suffer (c) Arrange the seat in the front row and try to keep your teaching pace according to him without making the other students suffer (d) none of the above , , 58. A new comer teacher w:ho is maltreated in his class will deal with the students by (a) applying punitive measures (b) improving his qualities and expressing it before them in a good way (c) changing his class after consultation with the principal (d) giving them a threat of expulsion 59. If a child is a back bencher and is unable to watch the black board cleariy, As a result he stands, sees and sits repeatedly. What inference will you draw regarding the case? ' (a) The child is of short height as compared to his class mates (b) The blackboard is under shining effect oflight (c) The child has defective-vision (d) both (a) and (c) " 60.A child may have hearing impairment if (a) he speaks loudly unusually (b) he comes nearer to the speaker during conversation ' (c) he generally says, "Please repeat" to the teacher (d) all of the above If a girl student requests you to collect her posts at your address what would you like to do in this case ? ( a) You would not gIve permission as it is against your own principles (b) You will never give her your own address suspecting a foul game

(c) You will permit the girl to collect the 12 posts at your address because as a teacher you should do it (d) You will permit her bec'ause you have some attachment with her 62: Suppose you are teaching in a minority college where casteism and narrow mindedness victimize you, for better adjustment there you should (a) uplift the humanistic values beyond these narrow wall and develop scientific temper in your students (b) be submissive there and save your job at all costs (c) rebel against such attitudes as it is against the norms of the Indian society (d) none ofthe above 63.' If a high 'caste teacher adopts a discriminatory attitude toward a low caste students his behaviour is (a) correct according to his religion (bj against the national spirit, and need of the hour (c) not against the constitutiOnal provisions (d) not against the code of teacher's professionalism of UNESCO 64. If a student is-constantly rubbing his eyes and is 'unattentive during blackboard work he is having (a) adjustment problem (b) ' hearing problem (c) visual problem (d) all of the above 65. If you are irritated and show rashness because of the inadequate behaviours shown by others what'do you think about your own behaviour (a) it is justified because behaviours are echo lime (b) your behaviour is not good because elders have the right to qehave you in this way (c) your behaviour is also the sign of maladjustment and so try to control youselfwhen you are maltreated (d) none' ofthese 66. Suppose the teachers are busy in cracking (b) live in isolation or change the group filthy jokes and you are also there but you (c) instruct them to mind their language are unable to stop them you should while passing leisure time

(a) persuade them decently not to waste (d) be critical and remind them "for the their time-in-fifthy jokes nobility of their jobs ANSWERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (d) (c) (a) . (c) (a) (c) (d) (a) (d) (a) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (c) (d) (d) (b) (c) (a) (c) (b) (b) (a) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 , (a) (d) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (b) (a) (d) 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 (a) (a) (b) (b) (b) (a) (c) (a) (c) (d) 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 (d) (d) (d) (a) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (b) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 (d) (a) (e) (c) (c) (c) (c) (b) (d) (d) 61 62 63 64 65 66 (a) (a) (b) (c) (c) (a) Note: Steps in teaching 1. Planning before hand 5. Analysis and Synthesis 2. Knowing the background 6. Evaluation 3. Organizing the material to be taught 7. Recapitulation 4. Presentation of material