Question 1(a) (i) 1 ( a ) ( ii ) 1(a) ( iii ) 1(a) ( iv ) 1(a)(v ) 1(a) ( vi )

Description Bottom test tube touch the beaker Even /uniform heating 80C Solid and liquid At E kinetic energy is low , at F kinetic energy increase

Marks 1 1 1 1 1 2

60C Minimum 3 layers 1(b) No overlapping between atoms Process : diffusion Explanation: particles move randomly // freely

90C

1 1 1

From higher concentration region to lower concentration 2(a) (i) 2 ( a ) ( ii ) 2(a) ( iii ) 2(a) ( iv ) region Bromine and phenol Liquid Nickel

1 1 1 1

2(a)(v ) 2(b) (i)

Ion P : Liquid S: Solid

1 2

2 ( b ) ( ii )

2(b) ( iii ) 2(b) ( iv )

Particles of Q held together by weak intermolecular forces // A small / less amount of energy required to the forces

1 1

3(a) 3(b) (i) 3 ( b ) ( ii ) 3(c) (i) 3 ( c ) ( ii ) 3(d)

Proton , electron , neutron Total number of proton and neutron in the nucleus of an atom Reject : neutron numbers 17
24 12Y

1 1

1 1 1

3(e) (i) 3 ( e ) ( ii ) 3(f) 4(a)

Atoms of the same element which have same number of proton but different number of neutron // came proton number but different nucleon number W and X Group 16 , period 2 Volume = 0.06 dm3
0.06 = 0.0025 mol 24 No of molecules = 0.0025 6.02 10 23

1 2 1 1 1 1

No of moles = 4(b) (i) 4 ( b ) ( ii

= 1.505 10 21 molecules
4.515 10 21 atoms

) 4(c) (i) 4 ( c ) ( ii ) 4 ( c ) ( iii ) 4(d) 4(e) 5(a)

100 0.25 mol

48 100% = 48% 100

1 1 1 1 1 1

n=6 molecular formula = C6H12 Cu + 2 AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag Name of compound Lead (II) sulphate Aluminium oxide Calcium hydroxide 3 ( 2 marks ) 2 ( 1 marks ) Mg + 2 HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2 Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI PbI2 + 2 KNO3 Chemical formula of compound PbSO4 Al2O3 Ca(OH)2

5(b) (i) 5 ( b ) ( ii ) 5(c)

1 1

5(d)

6(a)

W : Sulphuric acid // hydrochloric acid Y : Zinc // Magnesium // Aluminium Z : Anhydrous calcium chloride Collect the gas from the small hole in the test tube and put a burning wooden splinter in test tube No pop sound produced Copper : 1.16 g Oxygen : 0.29 g

1 1 1 1 1 1

6(b)

6(c) 6(d)

1 6(e) 6(f) Empirical formula = XO // CuO No reaction happened Cannot Magnesium is reactive metal SECTION B Question 7(a)(i) 7 ( a ) ( ii ) Description 18 and 20 respectively Similarities 1. having same proton number / number of electrons Differences 1. different in the number of neutron / nucleon number 2. different in physical properties Marks 1 1 1 [ free mark] 1 1

1 1

7(b)(i) 7 ( b ) ( ii )

2.having same valence electron / have same chemical proiperties Group 14 , period 2 Nucleus contains 6 proton and 6 neutron

1 1

Electrons move around the nucleus Two shells filled with electrons There are 6 valence electrons // electron arrangement 2.4 [accept any other suitable answers]

1 1 1 Max : 3

7 ( b ) ( iii ) Comparison Proton number Number of valence electron Chemical properties Number of neutron // nucleon number Physical properties Standard representation of element 7(c)(i) Diagram 7.2 6 4 similar 6 // 12 Different different S atom Any 4 6 4 Similar 7 // 13 Different different

7 ( c ) ( ii )

Substance X in both solid and liquid state Heat energy is released Kinetic energy of particles decreases They are closer to each other // attraction force between particles become stronger Number of mole in 16 g of oxygen = 16/32 // 0.05 mol Volume occupied by 16 g of oxygen = 0.05 24 // 12 dm3 Number of mole in 22g of CO2 = 22/44 // 0.05 mole Volume occupied by 22g of CO2 = 0.05 24 // 12 dm3 Able to determine empirical formula and molecular formula correctly Element Mass /g No of mole Simplest ratio no of mole C 0.48 0.48/12 //0.04 0.04/0. 01 //4 H 0.05 0.05/1 //0.05 0.05/0. 01 //5 N 0.28 0.28/14 //0.02 0.02/0. 01 //2 O 0.16 0.16/16 //0.01 0.01/0. 01 //1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

8(a)

8(b)

Empirical formula = C4H5N2O [C4H5N2O] = 194 [ 97 ]n = 194 N = 194/97 // 2 8(c) Molecular formula = C8H10H4O2 Able to calculate the molar mass and the percentage of nitrogen by mass in each of the three fertilisers and choose the best fertiliser 1. molar mass of ammonium sulphate = 132g/mol 2. percentage of nitrogen in ammonium sulphate = 21.2% 3. molar mass of urea = 60g/mol 4. Percentage of nitrogen in urea = 46.7% 5. molar mass of hydrazine = 32 g/mol 6. percentage of nitrogen in hydrazine = 87.5% 7. hydrazine has the richest source of nitrogen compares with other fertilisers. 9(a) 8. the farmer should choose hydrazine Process : freezing Particles of the compound arrange closer to each other // stronger forces of attraction formed among the particles This will release energy The energy released is equal to the heat energy lost to the 9(b)(i) 9 ( b ) ( ii ) temperature Arrangement of particles Movement of particles 80C Particles are orderly and closely packed together Vibrating and rotating about in their fixed positions The forces of strong 280C Particles are far apart Particles move randomly and rapidly in all directions Weak high 1 1 1 1 surrounding At 80C = Solid At 280C = Gas 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9 ( b ) ( iii )

attraction Kinetic energy Low 1 mark for each comparison Able to describe the procedure correctly of 3 cm

1. a boiling tube is filled with powder of compound M to a depth 1 1

2. a thermometer is placed into powder of compound M in the boiling tube 3. a 500ml beaker is filled with coconut oil / palm oil until full 4. the beaker is then placed on a tripod stand 5. the boiling tube containing compound M is clamped onto a retort stand and immersed into the coconut oil / palm oil in the beaker 6. the coconut oil / palm oil is heated slowly and the stopwatch is started 7. the powder of compound M is stirred slowly with the thermometer 8. the temperature of the compound M is recorded at 30 seconds intervals until the compound M has melted completely Result : The temperature reading are recorded in a table as shown below.

1 1 1 1 1 1 Max : 6

The graph of temperature against time for the heating of compound M is plotted 1 1

Conclusion: Based on the graph, the temperature remains constant at TC (must indicate T in the graph) 10 ( a ) Therefore, the melting point of compound M is TC Molecular formula is a formula that shows the actual no of atom of each element in the compound

10 ( b )

10 ( c )

Procedure : 1. clean magnesium ribbon with sand paper 2. weigh crucible and its lid 3. put magnesium ribbon into the crucible and weigh the crucible with its lid 4. heat strongly the crucible without its lid 5. cover the crucible when the magnesium starts to burn and lift / raise the lid a little at intervals 6. remove the lid when the magnesium burnt completely 7. heat strongly the crucible for a few minutes 8. cool and weigh the crucible with its lid and the content 9. repeat the processes of heating , cooling and weighing until a constant mass is obtained 10 record all the mass 11. results :
Description Mass of crucible + lid Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide Mass (g) X Y z

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

12. calculations :
Element Mass (g) Number of mole of atoms Simplest ratio of moles / Mg yx yx 24 p O zy zy 16 q

1 1 Max : 12