Section 10

Deck Beams and Supporting Deck Structures

A. General
1. Definitions
k = material factor according to Section 2, B.2.
A = unsupported span [m] according to Section 3, C.
e = width of plating supported, measured from
centre to centre of the adjacent unsupported
fields [m]
p = deck load p
D
, p
DA
or p
L
[kN/m], according
to Section 4, B. and C.
c = 0,55
= 0,75 for beams, girders and transverses
which are simply supported on one or
both ends
P
s
= pillar load
= [ ]
i
p A P kN +
A = load area for one pillar [m]
P
i
= load from pillars located above the pillar
considered [kN]

s
= degree of slenderness of the pillar
=
s eH
s
R
0, 2
i E


A

A
s
= length of the pillar [cm]
R
eH
= nominal yield point [N/mm
2
]
E = Young's modulus [N/mm
2
]
i
s
= radius of gyration of the pillar
= [ ]
s
s
I
cm
A

= 0,25 d
s
for solid pillars of circu-
lar cross section
=
2 2
a i
0, 25 d d for tubular pillars +
I
s
= moment of inertia of the pillar [cm
4
]
A
s
= sectional area of the pillar [cm]
d
s
= pillar diameter [cm]
d
a
= outside diameter of pillar [cm]
d
i
= inside diameter of pillar [cm]
m
a
= factor according to Section 9, A.1.2
2. Permissible stresses
Where the scantlings of girders not forming part of
the longitudinal hull structure, or of transverses, deck
beams, etc. are determined by means of strength cal-
culations the following stresses are not to be ex-
ceeded:

2
b
2
2 2 2
v
150
N mm
k
100
N mm
k
180
3 N mm
k
(
=

(
=

(
= + =


3. Buckling strength
The buckling strength of the deck structures is to be
examined according to Section 3, F. For this purpose
the design stresses according to Section 5, D.1. and
the stresses due to local loads are to be considered.
B. Deck Beams and Girders
1. Transverse deck beams and deck longitu-
dinals
Section modulus W
d
and shear area A
d
of transverse
deck beams and of deck longitudinals between 0,25 H
and 0,75 H above base line are to be determined by
the following formula:
( )
2 3
d
2
d a
W c p k cm
A 1 0,817 m 0, 05 p k cm
(
=

(
=

a
a
A
A

2. Deck longitudinals in way of the upper
and lower hull flange
The section modulus of deck longitudinals of decks
located below 0,25 H and/or above 0,75 H from base
line is to be calculated according to Section 9, B.
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Section 10 Deck Beams and Supporting Deck Structures Chapter 1
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B
3. Attachment
3.1 Transverse deck beams are to be connected
to the frames by brackets according to Section 3, D.2.
3.2 Deck beams crossing longitudinal walls and
girders may be attached to the stiffeners of longitudi-
nal walls and the webs of girders respectively by
welding without brackets.
3.3 Deck beams may be attached to hatchway
coamings and girders by double fillet welds where
there is no constraint. The length of weld is not to be
less than 0,6 depth of the section.
3.4 Where deck beams are to be attached to
hatchway coamings and girders of considerable rigid-
ity (e.g. box girders), brackets are to be provided.
3.5 Within 0,6 L amidships, the arm lengths of
the beam brackets in single deck ships are to be in-
creased by 20 %. The scantlings of the beam brackets
need, however, not be taken greater than required for
the Rule section modulus of the frames.
3.6 Regarding the connection of deck longitudi-
nals to transverses and bulkheads, Section 9, B.1. is
to be observed.
4. Girders and transverses
4.1 Section modulus W and shear area A
w
are
not to be less than:

2 3
2
w
W c e p k cm
A 0, 05 p e k cm
(
=

(
=

A
A

4.2 The depth of girders is not to be less than
1/25 of the unsupported span. The web depth of gird-
ers scalloped for continuous deck beams is to be at
least 1,5 times the depth of the deck beams.
Scantlings of girders of tank decks are to be deter-
mined according to Section 12, B.3.
4.3 Where a girder does not have the same sec-
tion modulus throughout all girder fields, the greater
scantlings are to be maintained above the supports
and are to be reduced gradually to the smaller scant-
lings.
4.4 End attachments of girders at bulkheads are
to be so dimensioned that the bending moments and
shear forces can be transferred. Bulkhead stiffeners
under girders are to be sufficiently dimensioned to
support the girders.
4.5 Face plates are to be stiffened by tripping
brackets according to Section 3, H.2.5. At girders of
symmetrical section, they are to be arranged alter-
nately on both sides of the web.
4.6 For girders in line of the deckhouse sides
under the strength deck, see Section 16, A.3.2.
4.7 For girders forming part of the longitudinal
hull structure and for hatchway girders see E.
5. Supporting structure of windlasses and
chain stoppers
5.1 For the supporting structure under wind-
lasses and chain stoppers, the following permissible
stresses are to be observed:

2
b
2
2 2 2
v
200
N mm
k
120
N mm
k
220
3 N mm
k
(
=

(
=

(
= + =


5.2 The acting forces are to be calculated for
80 % and 45 % respectively of the rated breaking
load of the chain cable, i.e.:
for chain stoppers 80 %
for windlasses 80 %, where chain stoppers
are not fitted
for windlasses 45 %, where chain stoppers
are fitted
Chapter 2 Machinery Installations, Section 14, D.
is to be observed. See also Construction Rules II
Materials and Welding, Part 1 Metallic Materials,
Chapter 4 Equipment, Section 2, Table 2.7.
C. Pillars
1. General
1.1 Structural members at heads and heels of
pillars as well as substructures are to be constructed
according to the forces they are subjected to. The
connection is to be so dimensioned that at least 1 cm
cross sectional area is available for 10 kN of load.
Where pillars are affected by tension loads doublings
are not permitted.
1.2 Pillars in tanks are to be checked for tension.
Tubular pillars are not permitted in tanks for flamma-
ble liquids.
Chapter 1
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C
1.3 For structural elements of the pillars' trans-
verse section, sufficient buckling strength according
to Section 3, F. has to be verified. The wall thickness
of tubular pillars which may be expected to be dam-
aged during loading and unloading operations is not
to be less than:
[ ]
[ ]
w a a
a a
t 4,5 0, 015 d mm for d 300 mm
0, 03 d mm for d 300 mm
= +
= >

1.4 Pillars also loaded by bending moments have
to be specially considered.
2. Scantlings
The sectional area of pillars is not to be less than:

2 s
s req
p
P
A 10 cm
(
=

p = permissible compressive stress [N/mm
2
]
=
eH
R
S

= reduction factor
=
2 2
s
1
+

= ( )
2
p s s
0, 5 1 n 0, 2
(
+ +


np = 0,34 for tubular and rectangular pillars
= 0,49 for open sections
S = safety factor
= 2,00 in general
= 1,66 in accommodation area
D. Cantilevers
1. General
1.1 In order to withstand the bending moment
arising from the load P, cantilevers for supporting
girders, hatchway coamings, engine casings and un-
supported parts of decks are to be connected to trans-
verses, web frames, reinforced main frames, or walls.
1.2 When determining the scantlings of the can-
tilevers and the aforementioned structural elements, it
is to be taken into consideration that the cantilever
bending moment depends on the load capacity of the
cantilever, the load capacity being dependent on the
ratio of rigidity of the cantilever to that of the mem-
bers supported by it.
1.3 Face plates are to be secured against tilting
by tripping brackets fitted to the webs at suitable
distances (see also Section 3, H.2.).
1.4 Particulars of calculation, together with
drawings of the cantilever construction are to be sub-
mitted for approval.
2. Permissible stresses
When determining the cantilever scantlings, the fol-
lowing permissible stresses are to be observed:
where single cantilevers are fitted at greater
distances:
bending stress:

2
b
125
N mm
k
(
=


shear stress:

2
80
N mm
k
(
=


where several cantilevers are fitted at smaller
distances (e.g. at every frame):
bending stress:

2
b
150
N mm
k
(
=


shear stress:

2
100
N mm
k
(
=


equivalent stress:

2 2 2
v
180
3 N mm
k
(
= + =


Likewise, the stresses in web frames are not to exceed
the values specified above.
E. Hatchway Girders and Girders Forming
Part of the Longitudinal Hull Structure
1. The scantlings of longitudinal and transverse
hatchway girders are to be determined on the basis of
strength calculations. The calculations are to be based
upon the deck loads calculated according to Section
4, B. and C.
2. The hatchway girders are to be so dimen-
sioned that the stress values given in Table 10.1 will
not be exceeded.
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Table 10.1 Maximum stress values
A
for hatch-
way girders
Longitudinal coaming
and girders of the
strength deck
All other
hatchway
girders
upper and lower flanges:

A
=
150
2
k
N mm
deck level:

A
=
70
2
k
N mm

A
=
150
2
k
N mm

3. For continuous longitudinal coamings the
combined stress resulting from longitudinal hull
girder bending and local bending of the longitudinal
coaming is not to exceed the following value:

2
L
200
N mm
k
(
+

A

A
= local bending stress in the ship's longitudinal
direction

L
= design longitudinal hull girder bending stress
according to Section 5, C.5.
4. The equivalent stress is not to exceed the
following value:

2
v, all
230
0,8 N mm
450 k
for 90 m
| |
(
= +
|

\ .
<
L
L


2
230
N mm
k
for 90 m
(
=

L


2 2 2
v x y x y
3 = + +

x
=
L
+
A
y = stress in the ship's transverse direction
= shear stress

max
=
2
90
N mm
k
(


The individual stresses
A
and
y
are not to exceed
150/k [N/mm].
5. The requirements regarding buckling
strength according to A.3. are to be observed.
6. Weldings at the top of hatch coamings are
subject to special approval.
Chapter 1
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Section 10 Deck Beams and Supporting Deck Structures I - Part 1
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E