Energy Efficiency Solution Proposal Go Green in Malaysia University Challenge 2011 BAS in Commercial Building

Team Name: Team members: MUHAMAD ASRUL MOHD SALIM TAN CHUN KEAT KOK CHEN LIONG University: University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur G1

Organized by Schneider Electric Industries (M) Sdn. Bhd.

Collaboration with University of Malaya

No 1 2 1. Introduction 2. Concept 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 BAS

Content

Page 1

2 4 7 12

Lighting System HVAC System Building descriptions

3. Energy management solution 3.1 3.2 HVAC energy solution Lighting system energy solution 13 14 15

4. Building Automation System

1. Introduction In the 21st century cutting edge of technology, human population keeps on increasing. As you can see, take for instances, human population in Malaysia has increased almost by threefold, from 8.14 million of people in 1960 to 27.468 million people in 2009.The increment is massive within 50 years. However the change in energy consumption is not linear with the change in population density. One may not be so aware of carbon emission in the late 60s.We might be thinking that the world is too big to be polluted. No one ever cares about our second home .Pollution is everywhere until the issue of global warming is raised up when the temperature of earth poles started to rise followed by sea level. Not just that, the demand of oil and gas, which are the main source of electricity production, keep on increasing .There is a need to keep up with the energy usage but at the same time the carbon emission has to be reduced. So, we have decided to improve the energy usage in commercial office building since it contributes about 43% of total power usage .How are we going to achieve that? It is simple, by changing the typical way of energy usage in commercial offices. We are about to improve the lighting and air-conditioning system in one entire building by BAS system.

1. Concept
2.1 What is BAS ?
Building automation functions as a unit to control to the system of a building. It is something like intelligent network of electronic devices that work together to ensure the electricity usage in the building is in optimized state. This includes the control of the lighting system, HVAC and etc. An automated building requires less maintenance fees than a non-automated one.

Figure 1 BAS Schematic Diagram

From Figure 1, it is obvious that all appliances controlled in one system called BAS. Integrated the advance technology of Schneider makes BAS more energy efficient. We are focusing on two highest energy consumption system in commercial buildings, which are lighting system and Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning (HVAC) system. Before we get deeper into these systems, let us see the fundamentals of lighting system:

1.2 Lighting System in Commercial Building

One must be wondering why the lighting system of a particular building is so intelligent , as seemed to be under observance ? One big NO and one big YES, for those who are curious about this. Actually, the lighting system is controlled by the automated system in such a way that the particular sensor senses either the presence of people or the movement of the people and it will automatically switch on the light for your convenience. Thus, it is an automated system under the observance of computer but not human. The company will save operating cost and yet within short payback period. In addition, some sensors are capable to dim off the brightness of the lighting system if properly installed with correct sensor position. Now we proceed to basic HVAC system which is:
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2.3 HVAC system

In HVAC system there is one function called programmable time switch for HVAC and motor. It is programmable in such a way that the air-conditioner is being switched on or off for a certain period of time. Take for instance, if the office hour is from 8am to 5pm, it can be programmed in such a way that air-conditioner will be start functioning around 7.30am and switch off around 4pm .The temperature of the office will not rise drastically as it takes time . Programmable thermostat is a must in HVAC. By using a programmable thermostat you can automatically adjust the air-conditioner when its least needed, especially at night when we are sleeping or during daytime when no one is at home. One has to be certain that it is the correct type of programmable thermostat for his heating or cooling system. Some heat pumps and air conditioning systems require specialized programmable thermostats.
Figure 2 Commercial Building Description

2.4

Take an example of a commercial building of 3-floor building (Figure 2). The estimated electrical consumption for each floor is:

Table 1 Power Usage per Floor

Location

Total Number 100 unit (Light, HAVC etc.) 80 unit 80 unit 80 unit

Avg. Watts

Length of Operation

Main Floor

60-100

12 hours

Main Floor Second Floor Third Floor

50-100 50-100 40-100

9 hours 9 hours 9 hours

Table 1 illustrates power usage for every floor in a commercial building .This is exactly the typical building that is under our concern. By using Schneider products the energy consumption can be reduced..

2. Energy management Solution

When we talk about energy efficiency, the first thing that pops up is environment, followed by.

3.1 HVAC energy solution

We believed that every commercial building now is installed with either single air conditioning system or centralized air conditioning. HVAC can achieve up to 40% of reduction in energy consumption. BAS is a single system that can control overall energy consumption in a building.

IDEA 1 Problem statement It is a common sense that engine of a car will idle when comes to a halt at Tjunction. Idling consumes energy as well. Is there any other method to bring the engine to a non-activated mode during stop time and start when it is needed? This is exactly the same when comes to air-conditioning system. Explanation In HVAC system the fan speed is adjusted accordingly to air temperature. The cooler the surrounding air, the slower the running speed of the fan. This is aided by a sensor. By integrating this method up to 50% of energy reduction is possible.

Component needed
Altivar 12 (Schneider Product) Temperature detector (QRBIZ.com)

Simple machine from 0.18 4kW (240V) Navigate using cable or Bluetooth from hand phone Variable speed drives for small machines with three-phase 240 V asynchronous motor Source:

Wireless heat temperature Detector

http://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.html http://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdf

Overall structure

Structure 1 Temperature detector detects air temperature in a certain space .A signal is then transmitted to ATV12 based on the temperature reading. The will fan speed will then be adjusted accordingly. Cost and material consideration

Figure 3 Material distribution for ATV12

ATV12 is designed in conformity with the requirements of the RoHS directive (European Directive 2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003) and do not contain, or in the authorized proportions, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium hexavalent, flame retardant

(polybromobiphenyles PBB, polybromodiphenylthers PBDE) as mentioned in the Directive.

Energy Effectiveness Cost savings (ATV12) Limitation of operating time at low speed. Sleep/Wake up function. Pressure surge suppression for prolonging the life of the installation At 80% flow rate, the energy consumption drops 50%. Using the Altivar 212, energy consumption is reduced on average by 30% when using the control mode dedicated to pumps and fans.

Return of Investment and Payback Period

Table 2 Return of Investment and Payback Period

Initial investment Annual saving Pay back(in years) Rate of return

RM4000 RM4000 1 year (maximum payback) 60%

Minimum within 18 to 24 months

IDEA 2 The similar idea but with different Schneider product. TeSys U Starter controllers up to 15kW capable of integrating motor control temperature detector

Structure 2 Temperature detector will detect air temperature around the specific space and will transmit signals to TeSya U where the motor is integrated to a temperature detector. The TeSya U reads the data transmitted by the temperature detector and directs the tools( Fan, pump) to operate in a proper manner. Energy reduction Reduces electrical consumption by 20% for variable loads Saves up to 20% space due to TeSys U compact unit size Rate of Investment in 2years
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3.2 Lighting system energy solution

From our observation and experience we found that lighting control is one of the easiest ways to save energy, up to 50%.

Problem Statement In a commercial building light plays an important role .Thus it is imperative to cut down the energy used in this system as this is the easiest and achievable method. Explanation The presence of light detects the movement of object and the lighting will be either switched on and off or dimmed. During rainy day, the light intensity in certain room is insufficient .Light detector plays its role by adjusting the intensity of the light to a sufficient level.

Component needed for lighting system

KNX Push Button KNX Control unit

Can assigned different function such switch, dim, control or retrieve. Able to control using a IR remote control. Able to control heating, Air conditioning and Ventilation system.

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Universal Dimming Actuator

KNX Switch Actuator

The universal dimmers for series installation with their energy-saving technology, adapt automatically to every load type and are an ideal solution.

The switch actuator are available from 6A to 16A with electrical or mechanic manual mode. Furthermore, selected actuator have current detection, which detects the load current of each channel an operating hour counter, a switch on counter and an integrated power meter.

KNX Power Supply

Transformer

Provides a stabilized safety extra-low voltage. The max cable length between the power supply and the furthest bus device is 350 m. The bus devices on the connected line can be reset via a slide switch on the power supply

Optimum range 25 VA to 2500 VA - Single winding Fixing on panel (screw) or on omega rail Operating temperature: +50C

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KNX Presence Detector ARGUS

Zelio Logic

Switching, dimming and blind functions can for instance be triggered easily and conveniently using the three different movement detector outputs

Remote monitoring and control of installation using modern interface. IC Twilight Switch 2000

Light control makes the most of the possibilities and ensures a high degree of comfort with reduced energy costs for the system. Touch Panel Twilight switches automatically control lighting, roller blinds according to light intensity and/or the time of the day. They measure light intensity using photo cells that can be installed on a door outside a building (wall-mounted cell).

Modern display and control unit impresses with its convenient operation and wide range of possible application

Reduction of electrical energy consumption (lighting only operates when necessary). Increased user comfort (lighting automatically starts working as soon as light is no longer sufficient).

Light, heating, roller shutters can be controlled from the central point and connected devices switched on and off with ease.

Enhanced safety (by lighting up dark areas, protection is provided against vandalism)

What we wanted to improve in lighting system is to fully utilize the ambient light so that the energy consumption by lighting can be reduced. We are manage to come out with different lighting scenarios in different areas of our building by using dimming actuator.
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Structure 1 As you can see structure 1 saves up to 35% where the arrangement make full use of ambient light (sunlight) to minimize the energy usage. The presence detector is to activate artificial lighting if and only if when ambient light is insufficient. A push button is there to adjust the brightness level.

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Cost estimation Structure 1

KNX ARGUS presence detector KNX push-button KNX Power Supply KNX Universal Dimming actuator KNX Control-unit Transformer 2 units 2 units 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 4unit TOTAL
Price based on http://www.schneider electric.com.my/sites/malaysia/en/company/event/uni_challenge_productlist.page

RM1600 per unit RM 600 per unit RM600 per unit RM 1800 per unit RM500 per unit RM 200 per unit

RM3200 RM1200 RM600 RM1800 RM500 RM200 RM7500

Return of Investment and Payback Period

Initial investment Annual saving Pay back(in years) Rate of return RM7500 RM3750 2 year (maximum payback) 40%

Minimum within 24 to 48 months

One literally saves 35% of energy in this scenario. This will save the environment with a 40% rate of return in investment and immediate cash flow within 2 years of payback period!!

We can also integrate KNX switch actuator. The switch actuator functions in such a way to switch or dim several output channels simultaneously with a telegram command. This function is useful when you wish to switch off all lighting systems with just one touch.

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Structure 2

Replacing the current switch with KNX Switch Actuator worth RM2600 can save 20% of your annual electrical bills.

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3. Building Automation System (BAS)

Where to save? Financial flow. This retrofit alone would save carbon emissions Reduction of 50 ton of CO2 per year

Proposed solutions in average value: 36-month payback period after initial investment Give your company a 36% ROI Total project costs $300,000
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