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A GLANCE AT THE COURT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

Theoretically, there are four courts: general ( the high court / appellate court and district court / court of firs instance ), military /court-martial, religious and Administrative courts. The High court is a court of appeal with appellate jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases. All cases decided by the district court may be appealed to the high court, and the latter has power to review question of fact as well as questions of law. More specifically, the high court has the authority to decide appeals from all district courts located within its territorial jurisdiction, and to resolve all jurisdictional disputes between those district courts. It should be noted that, in criminal cases, the prosecutor as well as well as the defendant may appeal any decision of the lower court, including a judgment of innocence. In addition to its appellate responsibilities, the high court is supposed to supervise the administration of district courts in its region. Like the district court, the high court is composed of a chairman, a vice-chairman and several additional judges, who are assisted by a clerk and alternate clerks. High courts must be established by separate statue. The law authorizes up to one high court for each first level region, but not all first level regions have their own high court as yet. Military-court or court-martial. Military justice is ordinarily administered by a system of military court, based on law no; of 1950. The system is made up of district military courts, high military courts and supreme military court. The supreme court is also authorized to sit in military session. Each branch of the armed forces-army, navy and airforce has its courts. Military courts have jurisdiction over the following persons: 1. all members of the indonesia armed forces; 2. all persons who, either by statute or government regulation, are declared to be of the same status as members of the armed forces; 3. all persons belonging to a group or office which, based on statue, is deemed to be of the same status as the armed forces; 4. all persons not otherwise included in 1-3 who are designated by the minister of defense together with minister of justice as subject to the jurisdiction of these courts. Religious court (PA). Throughout indonesia there are religious court with jurisdiction over disputes between husbands and wives of the islamic faith, and also over cases involving islamic law in enumerated areas ( such as; dowry, divorce inheritance and gifts ) to the extent such areas have not been superseded by statutory law applicable to the islamic population. Administrative courts (PTUN). The administrative court are ad hoc tribunal established by separate piece of legislation for the purpose of handling various specialized disputes often, but not always, disputes between private citizens and the government

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