3G Femtocells

Femtocell: A Low Cost Solution To Increase Indoor Coverage and Capacity

Enhances User Experience

3G F e m t o s

Home users served by near peak data ratesbetter voice quality

Brings Network To User for Next Performance Leap

Capacity gain could easily exceed 10xmacro network offloaded

Enables New Services and Revenue Opportunities

Provide basis for next-generation converged services

Qualcomm: Industry Leading Femtocell Platform

Comprehensive solution supporting WCDMA/HSPA+, 1X, and EV-DO Rev. A/B

Data Usage Increasing RapidlyMajority of Voice and Data Usage Indoors

Informa 2008

70% of all voice and data traffic indoor in 20081

By 2014, monthly worldwide mobile data traffic will exceed the total for all of 2008
ABI Research, August 2009

Femtocells are a low cost solution to increase indoor coverage, increase capacity and enhance user experience
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1Includes

both data and voice traffic , indoor includes both home and office

Bring Network to UserFemtocells Can Provide Next Significant Performance Leap

All users improvedhome user served by near peak data rates
14.5 Mbps

HSPA+

80Y

390 kbps

1.5X
250 kbps

180 kbps

Y
Macro users
served by macro
Macro Only Femtos Added

Home users
served by 1) macro 2) femto

Macro Only

Femtos Added

Macro Network OffloadedCapacity Gain Can Exceed 10x

Assumptions: Example for HSPA+. 16 Users per cell for dense urban HSPA+ system: 10 macro users and 6 home users served either by macrocell or added femto cells. Rx diversity and MMSE 4 Equalizer used. The median user data rates are shown. Note: Also, the worst 10% of macro users get ~15% higher throughput with proper interference management techniques.

Femtocell: A Low Cost Solution to Enhance Coverage and Capacity

Operator Benefits:

Enhanced Coverage and Capacity

Bring network to useroffload macro network

Reduced Churn and Cost

Indoor coverage main churn reason. Reduce backhaul, site cost
Macrocell Tower

New Revenue and Services

Additional ARPUhome tariffs, bundles, home zone services

End-User Benefits:

Enhanced User Experience

Better voice quality and higher data rates with existing devices

Attractive Home Zone Plans and Bundles Femtocell

Your personal 3G access
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Wireless substitution, one gateway for all home entertainment

New Home Zone Services

Based on location, interaction with home media, etc

New Home Zone Services

Alert family members when a family member enters the femto zone Virtual home numbercall all mobile devices in home zone Interact with social mediaupdate presence and location information automatically when entering femto zone

Location Based

Synch and Stream

Automatic synchronization between mobile device and home media servers (music, videos, data) Stream media (music, videos etc.) to/from mobile device and home entertainments system, screens, etc.

Remote Control

Use mobile device as remote control for the media servers, TV etc. Use mobile device for home controls appliances and home settings like temperature and lights for the connected home

Push content to femto based on location, context and customer relationship Femtocells can utilize unique knowledge of femto usage pattern and subscriber relationship to push personalized services

Push
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Open Standardized Interface

IuH is the interface between HNB and HNB GW (or CN) Standardized by 3GPP Allows easy integration with other core network elements Allows operators to choose from a wider ecosystem of vendors Enhances inter-operability testing, since 3GPP test procedures could be used Allows for easy migration to future enhancements

HSPA+ R8 Enables Efficient and Standardized Support for Femtocells

Pre-standards solutions already deployed

Standardized architecture
Femto Gateway (HNB-GW) concentrates multiple femtocells

R8 introduces femto standard

Support for restricted access

Circuit Network

Packet Network

R9 enhances femto support, examples:

Active hand in to femto Support for hybrid femtos
Open access but with preferential access for member devices

Iu-cs

Iu-ps

Femto Gateway
(HNB-GW) Iu-h

Enhanced femto discovery for new devices

RNC

R10 and beyond further enhances femto support

R10 being defined during 2010, examples of possible features:
NodeB
Femto to femto handover Local IP access Enhanced network and device support for interference management, e.g. cooperation between neighbor femtos Femtocell Interference Cancellation1

Femtocells
(Home- NodeB)

1 For

signaling between HNBs to enable inter-cell interference cancellation.

Qualcomm Unique Femtocell Offering

Comprehensive techniques for Interference Management
Fully supported in FSM hardware/firmware and software Optimized (low noise) & Controlled (adaptive) RF chain

Advanced Mobility Management techniques

Mobile sensing and beacon transmission to support active hand-in (even for legacy UEs) Beacon function to enhance femto discovery (idle reselection) for legacy UEs; validated by DT showing minimal UE impact Dedicated Network Listen subsystem

Track record of delivering high performance wireless silicon in volume Enables early adoption of advanced MSM-enabled features Multiple secure zones and HW encryption

ODM Value Chain

FTR8700 (RFIC)

Snapdragon Apps CPU

FSM92xx

FTR8700

FSM9xxx (BBIC)
RTR8600
(NL & GPS RFIC)

RF frontend reference design

IuH Protocol Software

Linux 2.6.25*

NL & GPS SW

UMTS FW

RTR8600

Ethernet PHY
PM80x8

DDR memory

PM80x8 (PMIC)

Power adapter

Provided by CCPU

Provided by Qualcomm

*Linux Kernel Version 2.6.25 with Qualcomm-supplied patches

Qualcomm provides FSM chipsets with highest level of integration Enables low eBOM and hence lower price for femtocell UltraSON capable GPS and powerful Apps processor
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ODM (such as Alpha Networks) designs a simplified and low-cost HW based on FSM chipsets

CCPU IuH protocol stack is integrated on top of powerful Apps processor and Qualcomm provided PHY software

Co-Channel Deployment Requirements

Potential issues with fixed femto DL Tx power
Poor femto coverage when macro signal quality is good Dropped macro calls in femto vicinity when macro coverage is poor

Solution: Femto Tx Power Calibration Suite

Network listen based initialization of femto Tx power Mobile assisted range tuning for fine tuning of femto Tx power Dynamic throttling of femto Tx power for protection of active macro UEs

Potential issues with incorrect UL Tx power cap of femto UE

Interference to macro uplink when femto is near macro site Poor voice quality and poor uplink data rates for femto UEs Call drops for femto UEs at the edge of femtocell coverage

Solution: Controlled Limit on UE Tx Power & Low Noise Femto Rx

Cap femto UEs uplink Tx power based on femtos location in macrocell

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Qualcomm UltraSON Features: Enabled by FSM

Feature Tx Power Calibration Suite UL Interference Management Suite
Network Listen Based Tx Power Calibration (NLPC) Mobile Assisted Range Tuning (MART) Guest Mobile Protection (GUMP) Controlled Limit on UE Power (CLIP) Macro Aware Rise Setting (MARS) Idle Mode Femtocell Discovery

Description
Location aware Tx power calibration Optimized Tx power calibration based on mobile reports and registrations Tx power throttling band on UL RSSI measurements to protect nearby active macro mobiles Dynamic capping of femto mobile Tx power to limit UL impact to macro Femto noise rise setting to protect femto/macro mobiles UL throughput Fast and reliable femtocell discovery via beacon transmission with minimal impact on macro mobile performance Reliable macro to femto handover for active mode service continuity via beacon and target femto disambiguation Dual femto Tx antennas to reduce number of handovers and improve voice quality via diversity

Mobility Management Suite

Active Hand-in

Tx Diversity
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The features have been designed, verified, and field tested by Qualcomm

Innovative Interference Management Required For Large Scale Deployment

Required due to restricted access, shared macro spectrum, unplanned femtos

Qualcomms Innovative Interference management1 Adaptive transmit power

/self-calibration
Network listen to select carrier, transmit power etc.
Adaptive femto transmit power minimizes impact on macro and reduces coverage holes

Femtocell range tuning

Fine tune range with handset
assistance

Home user protection

Adaptive uplink attenuation

Guest user protection

Detect guests/macro users and
throttle femto power

JAMMING

Macro device
(or neighbor femto device)

Adaptive uplink attenuation protects femto from strong interferereven more important for bursty data services

13

1Implemented

in the femtocell. Actual algorithms depends on chipset /femto provider; Qualcomms solution provides algorithms for these features

Qualcomm: Industry Leading Femtocell Solution

Enterprise Femto

Complete Chipset Platform

Comprehensive, highly integrated solution

Chipset: 45nm SoC with RF, power mgmt. 1GHz Snapdragon ARM-based processor Integrated GPS, timing and encryption Integrated multiband network listen Common platform for 3GPP/3GPP2 support Transmit/Receive diversity and 2 x 2 MIMO Power efficient design and management

Baseband FSM 9xxx:

UMTS/HSPA+ CDMA2000 1X EV-DO Rev. A/B

Residential Femto

RF and Power
FTR8700 RTR8605 PM8058

Optimized for innovative interference management, plug and play deployments and pilot beacons Enhanced capacity features
Enhanced uplink throughput through advanced receiver algorithms and diversity

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Qualcomms Innovative Interference management

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Femtocells Work Well with Qualcomms Innovative Interference Management

Required due to restricted access, shared macro spectrum, unplanned femtos

Interference management:1 Adaptive transmit power

/self-calibration
Network listen to select carrier, set transmit power etc.

Minimizes impact on macro and reduces coverage holes

Initial calibration:
Measure strength of macro signal Power is set to achieve fixed femtocell coverage

Femtocell range tuning

Fine tune range with handset
assistance

Home user protection

Adaptive uplink attenuation

Guest user protection

Detect guests/macro users and
throttle femto power

16

1Implemented

in the femtocell itself. Actual algorithms depends on chipset /femto provider.

Femtocells Work Well with Qualcomms Innovative Interference Management

Required due to restricted access, shared macro spectrum, unplanned femtos

Interference management1 Adaptive transmit power

/self-calibration
Network listen to select carrier,
set transmit power etc.

Fine tune range with handset assistance

Reduce power to limit outdoor leakage based on registrations from restricted users Increase power to improve indoor coverage based on femto mobile measurements
Continuous monitoringperiodic updates (e.g. daily)

Femtocell range tuning

Fine tune range with handset
assistance

Measurements

Home user protection

Adaptive uplink attenuation

Guest user protection

Detect guests/macro users and
throttle femto power Macro device

Registration attempt

Femto device

17

1Implemented

in the femtocell itself. Actual algorithms depends on chipset /femto provider.

Femtocells Work Well with Qualcomms Innovative Interference Management

Required due to restricted access, shared macro spectrum, unplanned femtos

Interference management1 Adaptive transmit power

/self-calibration
Network listen to select carrier,
set transmit power etc.

Femtocell range tuning

Fine tune range with handset
assistance

Home user protection

Adaptive uplink attenuation
JAMMING

Guest user protection

Detect guests/macro users and
throttle femto power Macro device
(or neighbor femto device)

Bursty data transmission

18
1Implemented

Large uplink interference results in errors and low throughput for femto user

in the femtocell itself. Actual algorithms depends on chipset /femto provider.

Femtocells Work Well with Qualcomms Innovative Interference Management

Required due to restricted access, shared macro spectrum, unplanned femtos

Interference management1 Adaptive transmit power

/self-calibration
Network listen to select carrier,
set transmit power etc.

Guest/macro user protection

Detect nearby active macro mobiles by monitoring uplink on macro frequencies Temporarily throttle femto transmit power to protect a non-femto user (and beacon power)

Femtocell range tuning

Fine tune range with handset
assistance

Home user protection

Adaptive uplink attenuation

Temporarily throttle femto power Femto impacts nearby macro user or guest

Guest user protection

Detect guests/macro users and
throttle femto power

Macro device

19

1Implemented

in the femtocell itself. Actual algorithms depends on chipset /femto provider.

Pilot Beacon for Femtocell Discovery

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Femto Beacons Ensure Efficient Femtocell Discovery for Legacy Devices

Options to find femtocell

Problem: Femtocell discovery

User may never discover its femtocell in in good macro coveragereselection procedure may not be triggered Changing search parameters impacts all devices in the networkreduced battery life for all

CHANGES TO MACRO NETWORK SETTINGS: Increase macrocell search

parameterimpacts battery life

DEVICE ENHANCEMENT:

Solution: Femto beacons1 minimize discovery time without battery impact

Voice quality not affected and no impact on macro users throughput with properly designed beacons

Device performs periodic full search of across frequenciesrequires new devices2

FEMTO BEACONS1:

Controlled transmissions of beacon on macro-only frequenciesno battery life impact

Carrier 2

Carrier 2 Carrier 1
1Femto

Carrier 1

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beacon transmits on macro carriers not used by femto. 2Future standards enhancements will enable new devices to find femto faster, but not as efficient as beacons.

Femtocell Beacons Transmit On Macro Frequencies to Trigger Search

Beacon triggers inter frequency search
(UMTS example)

Temporarily reduces Macro Ecp/Io in the vicinity of the femtocell Beacon contains synchronization and overhead channels Voice quality not affected, no impact on macro users throughput with properly designed beacons

CPICH Ec/Io (dB)

Macro signal
-6

Beacon burst

Low power beacon

-12

Sintersearch = 4 dB

UE trigger level for search

-18

Due to beacon
Time (seconds) * Sample design, other parameter settings possible. Example for UMTS, Pilot beacon also used for 1X/DO discovery

Low power beacon minimizes interference Periodic high power bursts ensures good coverage

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Femtocell: A Low Cost Solution To Increase Indoor Coverage and Capacity

Enhances User Experience

3G F e m t o s

Home users served by near peak data ratesbetter voice quality

Brings Network To User for Next Performance Leap

Capacity gain could easily exceed 10xmacro network offloaded

Enables New Services and Revenue Opportunities

Provide basis for next-generation converged services

Qualcomm: Industry Leading Femtocell Platform

Comprehensive solution supporting WCDMA/HSPA+, 1X, and EV-DO Rev. A/B

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Thank You

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