Designation: F 714

AMEWN SWETY FOR TESTING AND W T E A ~ 100 Blvr Ha* Dr.. West Conshohocken.PA 19428 F B rm d from D pl e Annual Bmk of ASTM Standads. C m ASTM cmmt canbined index, win appear in the next edition. If mt listed in

- 97

Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter1
This standard is issued under the 6xed dwignMion F 714; the number immediatdy fobwing the desigmtion indicates tbt year of original adoption or, in the cast of revision. tbe ytar of last revision. A n u m b in psrmtheses indicates the year of last rapprod. A arpcrsctipt epsilon (t) indicates an editorial change siacc tk M revhion or rcappmval.

1. scope

D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding

and Extrusion Materials3

D 1505 Ts Method for Density of Plastics by the et

Density-Gradient Technique?

1.1 This specification covers polyethylene (PE) pipe made in dimensions based on outside diameters of 90 mrn (3.500 in.) and larger. 1.2 Three standard outside diameter sizing systems are detailed one known as the IS0 metric system, one known as the IPS system, and the other known as the DIPS system. See 5.2.5 for guidelines for special sizes. 1.3 Tbe piping is intended for new construction and insertion renewal of old piping systems used for the transport of water, municipal sewage, industrial process liquids, emuents, slurries, etc., in both pressure and nonpressure systems.
NOTE 1-The user must consult the manufacturer to ensure that any damage of the polyethylene pipe caused by the material being transportad will not affect the senrice life beyond Limits acceptable to the user.

D 1598 Test Method for Time-t+Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure3 D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing and Fittings3 D 2 122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of

14 All pipes produced under this specification are pres. sure-rated. 15 T i specification includes criteria for choice of r w . hs a material and test methods for evaluation of raw material, together with performance requirements and test methods for determining conformance with the requirements. 1.6 Quality-control measures to be taken by manufacturers, are outlined in the appendix as a nonmandatory part of this specification. 17 In referee decisions, the SI units shall be used for . metric-sized pipe and inch-pound units for pipe sized in tbe IPS system (ANSI B36.10)and DIPS system. In all cases, the values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This srandard does nor purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate saMy and health practices and determine the appiicabiliry of regulatory Iimilations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards: D 1238 Test Method for Flow R m of Thermoplastics by a

Extrusion Plastomete?

Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings3 D2290 Test Method for Apparent Tensile Strength of Ring or Tubular Plastics and Reinforced Plastics by Split Disk Method3 D 232 1 Practice for Underground Installation of Flexible Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications3 02412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading3 D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials3 D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials4 F 412 TerminoIogy Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3 F 585 Practice for Insertion of Flexible Polyethylene Pipe Into Existing Sewed 2.2 ANSI Standard: B36.10 Standard Dimensions of S e l Pipe (IPS? te 2.3 IS0 Standards: 161 Thermoplastic Pipe for the Transport of Fluids Nominal Outside Diameters and Nominal P e s m r su 6 3607 Polyethylene Pipe: Tolerances on Outside Diameal ters and Wl Thicknesses6 4427 Polyethylene Pipes and Fittings for Water Supply Specification6 2 4 Federal Szaniiard: . Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)' 2.5 Mltr Standard: iiay MIL-STD- Marking for Shipment and Storage7 129 2.6 Canadian Standard:

1 Tbis s p X a t i c m i s unda tbe juridiction o ASTM Committee F-17 oo f P l d c Piping Systems and is the dirsct nsponsibility of Suhmmittce F17.26 on Olefin Pipc. Cumnt d t i o n approwd Aug. 10,1997. Published Novemh 1997. Originally published as F 7 14 81. Last pnvious edition F 7 14 95. 2 Annual Book ojASi?M Standarcis, VolO8.01.

Annual Bbdc qfASTM SrcvPdordr, Vol08.04. A n d Book o AXEM Srandar&, Vol08.02. f Availabk fiom Americrn National Standards Institute, 11 W a t 42nd S m 13th floor, New Yo* N Y 10036. Availabk from Lntanational O r p h a I h for Stdmhtion. Ceatrnl Seersmiat. 1, rue de Varcmbc, Case PPostale 56, CH-1211 Gmevc 20, Switzuimd/ Suisse. Available frOm Standadhation Documents Order DaL, B & 4 Section 4 700 Robbins Ave.. Philadelphia, PA 19 111-5094. Ann: NPODS.

TABLE 1 Presaw Rating .nd Pmuure Perfomsnce T Table l(a) Standard Reswra Ratlnp (2.2)'
d

. -

HOB a d n
kPa [ p s i

DR41
DR32.5 kPa
psl

D 6 m
kPa

DR21 kPa
@ pd
pd

DR17 DR15.5
DR9.3

OR11

DR9
kPa
pd

DR7.3
kPa
pel

psi

kPa pd 2155 2500 312

kPa

Wa

kPa

pd

N O H B MedlwndemRy
HighUwWy

880 1WO
1Q95 1270
1380 1600

200
232 1725 2000

125 115
159 184

250 290

2380 945 3450 500 4155 602 4310 625 363 2760 400 4000 580 4820 gSg 5000 725

5475 8950

794 921

TABLE l(c)
HOB
OR41
DR21
OR17
64

Sustained Pressure Twt, 1000 h (6.62)

1
I
DRS2.5
DR26
DR15.5 179
208

1
1
1125
1300 1379

1
I

OR11 1790 2080

DR9.3

DM

1
260 302 320
2150 2510 2750
312 364 399 2240 2595 2870

DR7.3

8.6 10 11
1250 1450 1600

445 52Q 552 75 80

570 655 701

83 98 102

720 830 883

104 121 128

895 1040 1103

131 150 16U

162 189 200 1235 1435 1580

229

2207

325 376 416

2840 3275 3640

412 478 528

*Pmssww~fortheper(amancetttst?,aederivednsMbws: TatJe I @ )Short-Term Reseureg: AllHDB,mediu~~-2500psifmrstress A HDS, H mate&& 2 0 psi Rw stress 90 T& l(c) Sustdned pressue for 1000 h Is 2.08 x standard pmswa d t l n g , Tabb 7 (a) or rnarlmrn of 1600 psl Rber stress. s I n $ u n e l n t e m a ~~ a r d s , ~ r e m g ~ b e e x p m W i n ' We ~m( 100kPa).The W k r w t a r e c o g n l r s d m R I n U . S . o r C M e d b n S ~ ~ o l b r 1 rmwic (So practice.

CGSB 41 GP-25M P p ,Polyethylene for the Transport ie of Liquidss 2.7 NSF Standardr: Standard No. 14 for P M c Piping Components and Related MaterialsQ Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems Components-Health Effects9

3.2.2.1 The hydrostatic pressure rating of pipes (see Table l(a)) d & M in this specification is b a d on the use of a (service) design factor (see 2.3) of 0.5 in accordance with the instruction given in Test Method D 2837. Nure 2-This firctar is valid for water and domestic smaee trans-

3. TednoIogy 3.1 D@nitions--General terms used in this smcation are as defined in Terminology F 4 12. 3.2 Descriptions o Terms S p M c to T i Standard: f hs 3.2.1 relation between dimension ratio, hydrostuiic design stress, and hydrostatic pressure:

where:

S P

ported at tempwatum up to 23% when the pipe is instaUed in accordance with the appropriate standard proculufes Smaller design factors sbould be applied to s s e soperating at bigher ternwram or ytm high surge prrssurrs resulting From changing velocity or where pipe i s to be used for the transport of industrial effluents known to have some degrading effect on the propties of polyethylene, or where erosion of the pipe wall by the fluid being transported will adversely affect the service life of the s s e .The actual choice of design factor for a given ytm installation m s be r e v i d by the designing engineer, taking into ut account the transportation and on-site handling conditions, the difficulties of site preparation, the contmchd s ~ c a t i o m trenching, for bedding, haunching, backfilIin& and the possibility of deviation from operating at hydrostatic pressures or exttmal load conditions specified for the use of the piping system. A further unoertainty factor should be applied at the designing cnghetr's discretion where wananted by consideration of these conditions

= hydrostatic design stress, psi (or Fa), = pressure rating, p i (or Pa), s Do = average outside diameter, in. (or mm), t = minimum wall thickness, in. (or mm), and D& = dimension ratio. 322 relations between hydrostatic design basis and h p .. dmtatic design stress-the hydrostatic design stress, S, is determinod by multiplying the hydrostatic design basis (HDB) by tbe design factor, n. The design factor, n, has a value less than 1.0.
I

i
i

RardDS Ontario, &o&,

Uvdhbb from Gumdiaa Stpedardr Aswchtion. 178 Rudrk h u k d , M9W I R3. Available fmm thc National Sanitation Founhthn, P.O. Box 1468, A m
Arbor, MI 48 106.

4.1 Polyethylene Plartics, used to make pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are categorized, by testing, hs for long-tern strength and by the analysis of results of t i testing to determine the hydrostatic design basis. T r e he categories of polyethylene plastic compounds having hydm static design basis of 1250 psi (8.6 MPa), 1450 psi (10 MPa), or 1600 psi (1 I MPa) as categorized in Table 2 shall be used for the manufactwe of pipe under this specification. 4.2 Compound-The resin compounds used shall meet the general physical requirements 'Wed in Specif cation D 3350, except that the hydrostatic design basis shall be in

TABLE 2 Hydmstetic Derign Bads

Mlnimm M t e d LTHS ValueA
t-tydrostatic DBSlgn Basis
psi

classification of 2 or 3; the melt index el classification must l

be 1, 2, or 3, etc.
MPa
(8.61

MPa

(8.3)
(9.6) fl0.W 1250 1450 1600

1200 1390 1530

(40.0)
t11.0)

accordance with 4.1 and Table 2 of this specification. The polyethylene compounds shall be color and UV stabilizer Code C (black with 2 % minimum carbon black) or Code E (colored with W stabilizer) as specified in Specification D 3350. 4.2.1 The 80C sustained pressure performance requirements of 5.3.3 (pipe test category in Table 3) are not currently in PE material SpecScations D 1248 or D 3350. To identify the correct pipe test category (C1 to C7), the PE material base resin density and melt index must be obtained from the PE material supplier.
NOTE 3iCamrnittee F-17has quested that Committee D-20add the 80% sustainbd pressure performance requirementsto Spedications D 1248 and D 3350. NOTE4-Thc hylmtatic design basis of 1450 psi (10 MPa) is not included in the cell classifications of Pm 6, in Table 1 of r o Specification D 3350. However, it is an internationally recognized value and is used in the form of a standan.&& design of 725 psi ( 5 MPa) in many national and international standards outside of the United States. including IS0 4427 and CGSB 41-GP-2SM.

4.3 Rework Muferial-Clean polyethylene compound re claimed from the manufactureis own pipe production may be reextruded into pipe, either alone or blended with new compound of the same cell classification. Pipe containing the rework material must meet all the material and product requirements of this specification. 4.4 Cell Classijication of Polyethylene Pipe MateriaIsPolyethylene materials suitable for use in the manufacture of pipe under this specification shall be classified in accordance with Specification D 3350, and as shown in Table 4, for example, for a polyethylene material having a HDB of 1250 psi (8.6 MPa), the base resin density must have a cell
-

5. Requirements 5.1 Workmanrhip-The pipe shall bc homogeneous throughout and essentially uniform in color, opacity, density, and other properties. The inside and outside surfaces shall be semimatte or glossy i appearance (depending on the n type of plastic) and free of chalkin& sticky,or tacky material. The surfaces shall be free of excessive bloom, that is, slight bloom is acceptable. The pipe walls shalI be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusion, or other defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. Holes deliberately placed in perforated pipe are acceptable. Bloom or chalking may develop in pipe exposed to direct rays of the sun (ultraviolet radiant energy) for extended periods and, consequently, these requirements do not apply to pipe after extended exposure to direct rays of the sun. 5.2 Dimensions and Tolerances: 5.2.1 Outside Diameters-These shall be i accordance n with Table 5 (SI units), Table 6 (inch-pound units) or Table 7 (inch-pound units) when measured in accordance with T% Method D 2122 at any point not closer than 300 m m t (1 1.8 in.) to the cut end of a length of pipe. Conditioning to o standard temperature but not t standard humidity is required. 5.2.2 Wall Thicknesses-The minimum thicknesses stdl be in accordance witb Table 8 (inches), Table 9 (inches), or Table 10 (inches) when measured in accordance with Test Method D 2122. Conditioning to standard temperature but not to standard humidity is required. 5.2.3 Eccentricity-The wall thickness variability as measured and calculated in accordance with Test Method D 2 122 in any diametrical cross section of the pipe shall not exceed 12 %. 5.2.4 Tbe-in-When measured i accordance with 5.2.1, n the outside diameter at the cut end of the pipe shall not be more than 1.5% smaller than the undistorted outside diameter. Measurement of the undistorted outside diameter shall
TABLE 3 17BF (MC) Sustained Pressure Requirements tor Water PlpeA

Pspe Test Categuy"

Base Resin Melt Rder ,

D 1238 la110 mir)

Base Resin D w t ~ I t y , ~
D 1505 lolan3)

MHnrumAvamgeHwn,ta~m

S-725psi

S-5sOpsi

S-43Spsl

where:

= hoop s b , pd (MPa). D, = swap outside d i i e r . in. (rnrn), and

1

pressure, pslg WPak = minhum wal thickness. In. (wnn). Supplier to determ~ne pipe test category m t e for his product. Plpe categories for water pipe with resin denSity below 0.926 g l d a ebwe 0.948 g/mSwill be aWed to t table wtren Medata are avaWh. k

TABLE 4 C l a 8 s J f ~ d P o l ~ P b 0 M 1 W r i a t .
Far HDB d
(11 MPa)

1250 psi (8.6 MPe)

1450 p81 (10 MPe)

1 @ m

TABLE 6 Oublde Dirmetera md Yolernnces IPS Wing System (ANSI 836.10)

~OukJdeDlametsn,h.
-grin

P
Average

h and CdlCbssllicatian Umitsara:~ ~

ass^)
Wi'h
&XU&

2a3

2 ~ 3,4, or 5

YE:,??

Tderaroe

fin.

madJus
4m5
3.4. or 5

Tens[le strength

ESCR

2w3 4,2,w3 4w5 2w3 t,2,or3

3,4, or5 3,4, or5 3.4, or 5 3

3
CwE

C d o r a n d W ~

CaE

CUE

oode

be made no closer than 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300 mrn), whichever distance is less, from the cut end of the pipe.

Undistorted outside diameter shall meet specifications on Tables 5, 6, or 7. 5.2.5 Special Sizes-Where existing system conditions or special local requirements make other diameters or dimension ratios necessary, other sizes or dimension ratios,or both, shall be acceptable for engineered applications when mutually agreed upon by the customer and the manufacturer, if the pipe is manufactured from plastic compounds meeting the material requirements of this specification, and the strength and design requirements are calculated on the same basis as those used in this specification. For diameters not shown in Tables 5, 6, or 7, the tolerance shall be the same percentage as that shown in the corresponding tables for the next smaller hted size. Minimum wall thicknesses for DRs not shown in Tables 8, 9, or 10 shall comply with 3.2.2 and the tolerance shall comply wt 5.2.3. ih 5.3 Pressure Test Perfrmance: Nme 5-The nquimnents of 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 are fot laboratory
pmof-tdng only and s h d d not be intuptcd as applicable to i situ n testing for acceptance of installed systems. Set appropriate installation standards or manufacturer's rtoommendations for field tffting prom

accordance with 6.2.1 at the pressures given in Table l(b).

durc.

5.3.2 Sustained Pressure--The pipe shall not ruptm, leak, nor exhibit localized deformation (ballooning) when tested in accordance with 6.2.2 for a period of 1000 h at the pressure given in Table l(c). 5.3.3 Elevated Tempmalure Sustained Pressure-The average failure time must m e or exceed the specifled minet imum average failure time in Table 3 for both hoop stresses of a given pi& test category, when tested in accordance w t ih

5.3.1 Short-Tm Pressurizution-The pipe shall not rup ture, leak, nor exbibit localized deformation when tested in
TABLE 5
O W s Dkmetam and T o k m s

6.2.3.
5.4 Apparent Tensile Strength a Yield-For pipe sizes t above 3-in. (90-mm) nominal diameter, the Short-Term Pressurization Test, 6.2.1, may be replaced by the apparent ring tensile strength test (Test Method D 2290). The minimum apparent tensile strength at yield when determined in accordance with 6.2.4 shall be 2520 psi (17.4 MPa).

mn
90

In.
3.543

mh

mA 90
90.8

TABLE 7 Oukide Dbmtm and Tolerances

TABLE 8 Mfnhwm Wall -8s IS0 f 61 Sizing System, rnm

OR
41

32.5

26
11

21

17

Nmdnal Pipe Size

NOTE&It is mmmcnded that HDB for material c~wgorhtion be calculated using hydrostatic tcst values obtained From the testing of specimens from 3.54 to 7 8 in. (90 to 200 mm) in diameter. .7 nor^ 7-The hydrostatic design basin, recommended by the Plastics Pipe Institute, may be used ia pressure rating of pipe manufactured to this qwScation.

90
3.5
4.2

110 160

... .-.

...
3.4 4.9
18.2

...
.- .
6.2

8.2 10.0 14.5

200 250

...
7.7

6.2 7.7 9.6

4.3 5.2 7.6 9.5 I .

5.3 6.5 9.4 1 .a 14.7

22.7

6.2 Product Requirements Tests: 6.2.1 Short-Tm Pressurization Teso-These shall be conducted in accordance with Ts Method D 1599 except et that no failure will have occwred when the test ~~~~is raised to the value given in Table l[b) in the prescribed period. The test shall be conducted at 73.4 f 3.6T (23 k 2-C). 6.2.2 Sustained Pressure Tests-These shall be conducted in accordance wt Test Method D 1598. The test pressure ih shall be given in Table 1(c). Tests shall be conducted in either a "water inside-water outside" or "water inside-air outside" environment at 73.4 3.6"F(23 f 2'C). NOTE8: PrrClPtiOll tion ofspecimensbeing testad under 6.2.1 or 6.2.2should not commena until it is certain that dl enmppsd

air has btcn bled f o the water-filled specimens. rm

6. Test Methods 6.1 Raw Material Categorization-Sample of polyethylene compounds for use in the manufacture of pipe under this specification shall be beconverted into pipe specimens under controlled manufacturing conditions. Specimens shall be measured in accordance with Test Method D 2122 to determine the average diameter throughout and the minimum wall thickness. Tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method D 1598 at 23% in a "water insidewater outside" or "water insideair outside" environment. The number of failure points and the period of testing shall be in accordance w t Ts Method D 2837. i h et

6.2.3 EImated Temperature Tesr-Determine pipe test category in Table 3 for a given piping material. Base resin melt index is determined in accordance with Test Method D 1238 and base resin density is determined in accordance with Test Method D 1505. Prepare at least three specimens as in 6.2.2. Test at 176F (80C) and the hoop stress (5') specified in Table 3 for the given pipe category in accordance with Ts Method D 1598. Two or three specimens m s et ut meet or exceed the specified minimum average failure time. Use water as the internal test medium. 6.2.4 Apparent Tensile Properlies-The produre and test equipment shall be as specified in Test Method D 2290. Cut specimens from pipe. Ts a minimum of five speciet
TABLE 9 Mhhtt?~ T h k k m Wd1 IPS Sltmo System, in. (ANSI 836.10) - Dimension Ratio

Ncm[nal IPS

Plm Slre

rnPs m g System, h. l n

been found to meet the requirements. When specified in the purcbase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished. Each certification so furnished shall be signed by an authorized agent of the manufacturer.
9. Marking

mens. This method is applicable to al pipe of nominal 3-in. l

(90-mm) outside diameter and larger.

7. Retest and Rejection 7.1 If the results of any test($ do not meet the req* ments of this specification, the test(s) may be conducted again in accordance with an agreement between the purchaser and the seller. There shall be no agreement to lower the minimum requirement of the specification by such means as omitting tests that are a part of the specification, substituting or m w n g a test method, or by changing the specification limits. In retesting, the product requirements of this specification shall be met, and the test methods designated in the specification shall be foliowed. If, upon retest,
failure occurs, the quantity of product represented by the test(s) does not meet the requirements of this specification.
I Certification . 8.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a manufacturer's certification shall be furnished to the purchaser tbat the material was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification, and has

9.1 Marking on the pipe shall include the following and shall be placed at least at each end of each shipped length of pipe or spaced at intervals of not more than 5 ft (1.5 m). 9.1.1 The letters ASTM followed by the designation number of this specification. 9.1.2 The letters PE followed by the cell classification number (D 3350) of the raw material compound used. Where the option of use of the 1450-psi (10-MPa) HDB classification has been taken, the position of the sixth digit shall be fded with a dash (-1 followed by the notation 10 MPa Where applicable, the standard thermoplastic pipe materials designation code (Appendix X3) may be used as an alternative marking. 9.1.3 Nominal pipe outside diameter in mm or inch= in accordance with Tables 5, 6, or 7, and in the designated sizing system: "XX mm ISO,"or "XX in LPS," or "XX in DTPS." For metric outside diameter pipe, "ISO" may be omitted, and for inches outside diameter pipe, "in" may be replaced with a doublequotation mark ("). 9.1.4 Dimensional ratio or pressure rating, or both, kilopascals or pound-force per square inch shown as "XXX kPa" or "XXX psi". 9.1.5 Name or trademark of the manufacturer. 9.1.6 Production code from w i h location and date of hc manufacturer can be identified. 9.1.7 Pipe intended for the transport of potable water shall also include the seal or mark of the accredited laboratory. (See Note 4.) 9.1.8 Pipe test category in accordance with Table 3.
10. QuaIity Assnrance 10.1 When the product is marked with this designation, F 7 14, the manufacturer affirms that the product w s mana ufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this specification and has been found to meet the requirements of this specification.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
This requirement applies whenever a m a t o r y authority or user calls for the product to be used to convey or to be in contact with potable water.
S1. Potable Water Requirment-Products

intended for
contact with potable water shall be evaluated, tested, and certified for conformance with ANSI/NSF Standard No. 61

or the health effects portion of NSF Standard No. 14 by an acceptable certifying orgarhation when required by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction.

GOYERNMENT/MTLITARY PROCUREMENT

These requirements apply only to federd/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.
S2. Responsibi&yfor Impection-Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer is

responsible for the performance of alI inspection and test requirements specified herein. The producer may use his

o m or any other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and test requirements specified herein, unless the purchaser disapproves. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification where such inspections m deemed necessary to ensure that material conforms to prescribed requirements.
Nore S2.1-In inspaction.
federal mntracts, tbc contractor i responsible for s

supplier's standard practicx in a manner ensuring amval at destination in satisfactory condition and which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing s h d comply with Uniform Freight Ctassification rules on National Motor Freight Classification rules. 53.2 Marking-Marking for shipment shall be in aocordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL STD- 129 for military agencies.
quiremeats

S3. Packaging and Markingfor U.S. Government Pnmtremenf:

Nore S3.1-The inclusion o US. Govrmment procurcmcnt ra f sbould not b construed as an indimtion that the U.S. e Government uses or eadoms the products described in this spcifica-

S3.1 Packaging-Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materials shall be packaged in accordance with the
tion.

APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) For those wishing to use deflection control in unpressurized polyethylene piping systems for construction specification purposes, tbe following information is provided. It has been demonstrated that pipe stiffness is not a controlling factor in design of buried polyethylene piping swems i n s u e d in accordan= with h e i c e D 2321 or equivalent recommended practices (1-15).'*
' O ' l b c boldtace numbers m pmnthcseJ refer to the list of dcmces at the end of this ~ 1 C a t i o n

XI. DEFLECTION CONTROL

I WNPRESSURIZED POLYETHYLENE PIPING SYSTEMS N

W, = vertical load pet unit of pipe length, lbflin. (or N/m)
of pipe, PS = pipe stiffness = 4.472E/(SDR-1)3 where E is the flexural modulus of its pipe material (see Section 4 of P) this specification), psi (or k a ,and El = modulus of soil reaction, depending on soil strength and degree of compaction, psi (or k a . P) N m X 1.1 -Pipe stifTi~css(PS)may also be determined by mearum ment for datum at a wnstant 5 % deflection by Test Method D 2412.
See appendix to Test Method D 2412 for c o r n t i o n of this test value to other deflection levels.

X 1.1 Control of deflection is achieved primarily through control of the earthwork surrounding buried systems. Practice D 2321 should be followed to achieve this control. Al l dimensions of pipe specifled i this specification may be n successfully imalled if this practice is followed. X1.2 When polyethylene pipe is to be installed by insertion into older existing pipes or is to be laid where no support from the surrounding environment is possible, Practice F 585 should be followed in making a selection of appropriate dimension ratio pipe from this speakation. X1.3 The appropriate degree of deflection in buried piping may be calculated using the modified Spangler formula.

X . For purposes of this calculation, the pipe stiffness 14 values given in Table XI. 1 may be used. For specific data on particular products, consult the manufacturer's literature.
TABLE X1.l
DR

Pipe Stmneu Ranger for SpScMed Materbls and DRSs,prl

4 1

32.5

26

21 Modulus, Gel

17

11

c-tkn

26
6-8
8-11 3 4 5

11-23
23-31

178558 -92
611 11-16 16-23

where: X = deflection (horizontal or vertical), in. (or mm), K = bedding wnstant, dependent on the support the pipe receives from the bottom of the trench (dimensionless), D, = deflection lag factor (dimensionless),

31-46

22-45 45-61 61-89

71-87 87-120 1-175

492-716

X2. ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION LIMITS

X2.1 Research reports, including case histories supporting the following information, are on file at ASTM Headquarters.

X2.2 When said support is achieved, polyethylene pipes made to this specification may deflect or otherwise distort without kinking or buckling, and remain structurally stable

up to 20 % or m r of the deal diameter. However, the oe lower the DR, the lower is the amount of deflection which should be permitted to ensure that long-term structural integrity is maintained. The pipe manufacturer should be consulted for the safe value for the particular pipe material involved. In the absence of specific data on a particular pipe material, Table X2.1 provides safe values for conventional
TABLE X2.1
ShwtTerm,%
DR
NowabbDeMClbl
10.9 8.6 65 5.0 46

NOwabb DdbCUOn d M Pdy.th-

w,

41 32.5 28 21 17 11

39

polyethylene pipe materials. T e e values provide a safety hs factor of at least two against loss of structural integrity. X2.3 If there is no external support around the pipe, structural integrity of the pipe is likely to be lost due to buckling if deflection exceeds 10 %. For selection of proper DR, see Practice F 585. X2.4 When polyethylene piping is subject t live external o loading at buried depths of less than 4 ft (1200 mm), special precautions to ensure strong supporting soiI conditions should be taken. X2.5 Polyethylene pipes having high DR's will require more careful handling in storage, transport, and installation to avoid inducing pre-inmation deflection. Kinking of pipe should be considered destructive damage and sections which have been kinked should not be installed, even though no leakage is observed.

X3. STANDARD THERMOF%UXIC

X3.1 The pipe materials designation cude shall consist of the abbreviation PE for the type of plastic, followed by the Specification D 1248 grade in arabic numerals and the hydrostatic design stress i units of 100 psi with any decimal n
X4. QUALlTY

PIPE MATERIALS DESIGNATION CODE

figures dropped W e e the hydrostatic design stress code hr contains less than two figures, a cipher shall be used before the number. Thus a complete material code shall consist of two letters and four figures for PE plastic pipe materials.

CONTROL
product requirements of Section 5 of this spedication. X4.3 Manufacturers of pipe shall conduct such other quality control tests as are appropriate to their manufa* turing operations and wbich will provide assurance that the product requirements of 5.3 will be met instead of the actual performance of the specified tests.
N m X4.1-The
presswetests required under product n~uirements

X4.1 V s a inspection of every length of pipe for workiul manship defects shall be &ed out at the manuf&Awefs plant. Measurements of outside diameter and wl thickness. al

rn tests for performana. These tests art not adaptable do inplant quality
control. Quality control tests have not been standardid becaw the requirements for such tests vary substanWy from one manufacturing plant to another.

shall be made for each hour's prduction or each length of pipe, whichever is less frequent. Tests for apparent tensile properties shall be carried out as agreed upon Getween the manufacturer and the purchaser. X4.2 Lengths of pipe that are shorter than standard shipping lengths may be butt-fused to produce standard lengths, Such built-up lengths must otherwise meet all of the

REFERENCES
Soils, ASTM STP 523, 1973. (9) Jaaskelainen, H., Pub No. 6, Technical Rcscarch &nter of Finland, Helsinki, 1973. (10) Hofer. H.,Publicution No. 234 exwrpi pp. 3243. Haus d a

Tcchnik Vortmgsvwoffentlichungm.
(11) Molin, J., Pub. No. VAV P-16, Swedish Water and Wade-Water F ~ mJanuary 197 1. , (12) Watkins, Szpak, and A h a n , h e n f a t i o n to ASTM PI7, Utah
State University.

(1) Watkins, R K, and Smith, A. B, AWWA Joumd, September . . 1973, p. 588. (2) Utah State Uaiwsity-Wstkins, Du POM o Canada ( R m ) , f August 1973. (3) Gaube, Hofer, Mullu, Tedinid Poper, Farbwde Haedut, 1969. (4) U Luscher, M.I.T., Jolunal soil M . * * ASCE* Vol g2$ November 1966. (5) B mtioa 9A WWA J , & S u m m y Report, September 1974. (6) G a u k Hofm, Mder, Twhical Article, Kunsloflet Farbwe* Hoechst, Octbber 1971. Scadha* Study* MoLin' * ' Mwussa? May 1969. (8) Scli&E T. and Ledd R S., & WuatioPr d e c c Density .. , Ri i av and R in & m e t Iavo(~ing C&ei~nles j fs

(13) M -

and mube, -Ofi (2 pMs), -hut fur KuastoffevmJauuary/Sqmnber 1968. (14) Ria, F. G., Smmary Repoa, SPI Canada Pipe and F i n @ Div., November 1973. (15) J-n, L E-v N W G R e m , W B , S t a o l m , Jum 1973. .

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TMsstandardIb~lorevXskn~~ytimebythe~bkrtedKllcal~Mdmtk,~dvwy~ysarsdvld

H om ,sllherreapprovedorwllhdrawn. Y ~ d ~ r ~ ~ ~ e i n v i t e d ~ h a r f w o r ~ d t h r , s t a n d a r d w f w e d d ~ s l w d a r d s nt W and s W be 8Wnrssed b ASTM ~ ~ e r Your cmmmls wlll mcdw c&wlvl conMmtI6n e a msstlng of the mponslbb s . l
tschnlca, commttee, whlch you may attend. /f y fed rhdl y w ~wnments w hsve not recehred 6 Ielr hesrIng y w should make y w r views k m n to tha ASTM CmmMtw m W a r & , 100 Biln H a f b c r D r h , Wesi Cmhohocken, PA 19428.