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Fluxo gravitacional
Deformao
Esforo
Pseudo
Fluxo laminar: movimento constante e linear dominado pelo atrito interno (viscosidade). Baixo nmero de Reynolds.
Fluxo turbulento: movimento instvel e catico dominado por foras inerciais. Alto nmero de Reynolds.
! vL Re = u
4A L= P
: densidade do fluido (kg/m3) v: velocidade do fluxo (m/s) L: dimetro hidrulico (canal) u: viscosidade (kg/ms) A: rea da seo transversal do canal (m2) P: permetro da poro com fluido
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Fluxos gravitacionais
J.D. Parsons et al.
Table 1 Categorization of different types of sediment gravity ows: Re is the relevant Reynolds number
describing the overall layer thickness
Type of ow Submarine slide Debris ow Estuarine uid muds Wave-supported sediment gravity ow Turbidity current
Coarsest grain size Blocks (> 100 m3) Boulders (< 100 m3) Silty sand Sand Coarse sand
Parsons et al.
sediment record, marine stratigraphy is an important practical concern as the source for much of the worlds remaining petroleum reserves. Sediment gravity ows can be divided into ve broad categories. Each ow type has a range
while estuarine uid muds result from a con vergence of sediment transport within an estuar or sediment-rich shelf environment. Within th paper, estuarine uid muds are discussed in limited manner, but have been summarized i
Escorregamento (slide)
Fluxo de detritos
Fluidificao
Correntes de turbidez
-Rompimento de cabos de comunicao transatlntica (1929) por correntes com velocidade superior a 10 m/s, aps sismo.
Corrente de turbidez
A
Argila 35% gua 40% Areia muito fina 20% Areia mdia 5%
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
B
Argila 25% gua 40% Areia muito fina 30% Areia mdia 5%
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
Fig. 15 Sandy gravity ows. (A) Head of a strongly coherent sandy gravity ow. The composition of the slurry by weight was 35% kaolinite, 40% water, 20% 110 m Argila 15% sand and 5% 500 m sand. (B) Head of a gua 40% moderately coherent sandy gravity ow. The composition of the Areia muito fina 40% slurry by weight was 25% kaolinite, Areia mdia 5% 40% water, 30% 110 m sand and 5% 500 m sand. (C) Head of a weakly coherent sandy gravity ow. The composition of the slurry by weight was 15% kaolinite, 40% water, 40% 110 m sand and 5% 500 m sand. Marr et al. (2001) (After Marr et al., 2001.)
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Correntes de turbidez e fluxo de detritos pode ocorrer associados Parsons et al. J.D.
Turbidity current
a d o (
Mohrig & Marr (2003)
where a wave-in
Failure
Sequncia de Bouma
Te - massive pelagic mud cap Td - thinly laminated fine-grain material Tc - cross-bedded, ripple lamination Tb - laminated coarse-grained Front Ta - massive, graded, coarse-grained
Kneller (1995) hematic of a sediment gravity ow generated from a failure such as the Grand Banks slide. Diagram turbidite) depicts the bedding (TaTe) left from such an event (Bouma, 1962; Kneller, 1995).
Corrente de turbidez
A
Erosion rate Deposition rate
(m) 10
y (m)
x (m)
Fluxo gravitacional sustentado por ondas (wave-supported gravity flows) e fluxo de lama estuarino (estuarine fluid mud)
Fluxos de sedimentos derivados da ao combinada de ondas, correntes de mar e da gravidade. So sustentados por energia derivada das ondas ou correntes de mar. Fluxos de lama estuarinos ocorrem onde o aporte sedimentar supera a capacidade de transporte das correntes.
on is derived assuming no net transport into or out of the wave boundary layer (Eq. B3.4). The stratication d solution is found using the expression proposed by Wright et al. (2001) (Eq. B3.7). The particular boundar brium solution shown here assumes fw = 0.04, 0 = 0.0024 (after Smith & McLean, 1977), n = 0.35 and cr = 0.1 the stratication-limited solution assumes Ricr = 0.25 (after Howard, 1961). Both solutions assume sed = 2650
2 Wave-velocity dependence on the predicted sediment load within a uid mud. The boundary-layer-equil
Ondas
Suspenso de sedimentos
Fluxo gravitacional
Depth (m)
d ADCP backscatter
Sedimento em suspenso
100 80 60 40 20 0
e Camera
opacity
11 /1 /0 0
7/ 3/ 00 14 /3 /0 0
22 /2 /0 0
29 /2 /0 0
21 /3 /0 0
25 /1 /0 0
18 /1 /0 0
Sampling days
28 /3 /0 0
1/ 2/ 00
8/ 2/ 00
15 /2 /0
4/ 4/ 00
California