Abstract

In this fast moving world , the demand for internet is increasing day by day. As the world is on fast move , so the portability becomes the necessity . so herei have talked about the how fast and mobility to internet can be accessed. My motive about this seminar is to spread awareness about this technology called tethering which is very helful and easy to use if one is with a smartphone capable of tethering and a laptop . Obviously, you need a smartphone and a laptop. Keep in mind that not all smartphones support tethering. Ones that do include the iPhone, several models of BlackBerry, and most Android-powered phones. Besides a phone, you'll need a 3G data plan. Anything else and you might not be able to tether. If you can, then you'll get speeds that rival dial up. If you're going to tether, make sure you have a data plan that gives you a lot of bandwidth; at least 5 GB a month. You'll also need a USB cable to connect your smartphone to your laptop; the phone usually comes with one. This is a moot point if you're tethering over a Bluetooth connection. You might also need to install drivers -- specialized software that allows your computer to interact with your phone -- on your computer. This isn't always necessary, but whether or not you'll need to install drivers will depend on your phone.

Chapter -1 Introduction:
Wifi is great. Except when it isn't there. And it's usually when you need wifi the most that it's either not available or goes down. But if you have a smartphone and a good data plan, you can can get around any wifi problems that you might encounter. How? By tethering your phone to your laptop.

1.1 Tethering:

Tethering means sharing the Internet connection of an Internet-capable mobile phone with other devices. This sharing can be offered over a wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), or over Bluetooth, or by physical connection using a cable. In the case of tethering over wireless LAN, the feature may be branded as a mobile hotspot. The Internetconnected mobile phone acts as a portable router when providing tethering services to others.

Think of tethering as turning your smartphone into a high-speed modem for your laptop or netbook. It's easy to do, and can not only but a life saver but a sanity saver too. Tethering has enabled me to get information and deliverables to clients when the wireless I've been using has gone down. Tethering involves connecting your smartphone to your laptop. That can be a physical connection using a cable (I know, how old school!) or making the connection using Bluetooth. Once attached, your phone's data connection acts like wifi. Your connection speed will, as you've probably guessed, depend on your phone's signal strength. When you're getting four or five bars your Internet connection will be barely distinguishable from a good wifi link. On the other hand, if you're phone is only getting a couple of bars ... like molasses is a good way to describe the experience.

1.2 Portable hotspot:

Mobile hotspots (a.k.a. portable hotspot or portable hot spot) are portable devices or features on smartphones that provide wireless Internet access on many devices (your laptop, smartphone, MP3 player, tablet, portable gaming device, etc.). Like USB modems from wireless carriers, mobile hotspots typically use mobile broadband service from cellular providers for 3G or 4G Internet access. Unlike those mobile USB sticks, though, mobile hotspots allow multiple devices to connect at the same time.

In the context of cell phones, tethering is connecting your phone to a laptop or similar data device using a data cable, usually for the purpose of connecting to the Internet on the laptop, via the phone's wireless connection to the cell phone network.

Carriers usually charge more money for accessing the Internet via tethering, as opposed to on the phone itself. Sometimes this is enforced via technology in the phone, although often it is simply the honor system and not strictly enforced.

Chapter 2. Classification of Tethering

Tethering and Portable Wi-Fi Hotspots Depending on your model of Android device and your carrier, you may be able to share your Google Android device's mobile data connection with a single computer via a USB cable or via Bluetooth: this is called tethering. You may also be able to share your Android device's data connection with up to five devices at once, by turning your phone into a portable Wi-Fi hotspot.

Types of tethering: USB tethering Bluetooth tethering wi-fi into wi-fi hotspot(wi-fi tethering)

2.1 USB Tethering: USB tethering is just letting you use your phones 3G signal on your laptop or computer while it is plugged in using the USB cable it came with. It does the same exact thing as the protable wifi except it only allows you to connect since your the only one connected through USB, as with the portable wifi anyone in range can connect (that is if you dont password it or protect it) 2.2 Bluetooth Tethering: The tethering which is used via Bluetooth to access the internet on your laptop while Connected to the smartphone. Only Bluetooth enabled device can use this type of tethering and handset must support tethering feature.

2.3 Wi-fi Tethering: Wifi tethering is for using a phone connected to another device (usually a laptop) via Wifi, to use the phone as a 3G internet modem for internet access anywhere you have a signal. Its quite useful if your in the car, or in an area where you don't have conventional landline internet access. A hotspot is an area in which the public can use their wifi enabled device to access the internet.

Advantages of Wi-Fi Tethering And Other Uses It's good to have Wi-Fi tethering on some smartphones these days as it has a number of advantages over Bluetooth when it comes to connecting notebooks and other devices over a mobile to the Internet:

Wi-Fi is now built into virtually any consumer device with services requiring Internet access while Bluetooth is not yet universally available, especially in the notebook and netbook sector It's easy to set-up for the average user Several people can share the connection simultaneously The transmission speed of Wi-Fi is sufficient for 3G high speed data rates while Bluetooth is limited to 2-3 MBit/s. Any disadvantage? Yes, tethering has to be manually activated/deactivated on the mobile as running the Wi-Fi chip on the mobile in access point mode quickly depletes the battery. This is unlike Bluetooth that I have switched on all the time and can thus be used for Internet connectivity without prior interaction with the device. So what's the next step? One thing I like about Bluetooth is that I can quickly browse the file system of the mobile to transfer files such as pictures I have taken to the notebook, again without interacting with the mobile device prior to the transfer. The disadvantage is again the
9

slow transmission speed for about 2-3 Mbit/s, making the transfer of more than two or three pictures, each being 1-2 megabytes a somewhat uncomfortable procedure. This is where Wi-Fi tethering could help in the future. As the mobile is reachable via an IP address it could also host an SMB server so any Windows/Linux/Mac box could access the files on the device and transfers would be much quicker than over Bluetooth. Especially a plus if lots of content has to be transferred.

10

Chapter 3. :Requirement to use

Tethering technology
A smart phone A laptop

Basic requirements to use tethering :

3.1 Smartphone:

A smartphone is a high-end mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone. The first smartphones were devices that mainly combined the functions of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone or camera phone. Today's models also serve to combine the functions of portable media players, low-end compact digital cameras, pocket video cameras, and GPS navigation units. Modern smartphones typically also include high-resolution touchscreens, web browsers that can access and properly display standard web pages rather than just
11

mobile-optimized sites, and high-speed data access via Wi-Fi and mobile broadband. The most common mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern smartphones include Google's Android, Apple's iOS, Microsoft's Windows Phone, Nokia's Symbian, RIM's BlackBerry OS, and embedded Linux distributions such as Maemo and MeeGo. Such operating systems can be installed on many different phone models, and typically each device can receive multiple OS software updates over its lifetime. The distinction between smartphones and feature phones can be vague and there is no official definition for what constitutes the difference between them. One of the most significant differences is that the advanced application programming interfaces (APIs) on smartphones for running third-party applications[4] can allow those applications to have better integration with the phone's OS and hardware than is typical with feature phones. In comparison, feature phones more
12

commonly run on proprietary firmware, with thirdparty software support through platforms such as Java ME or BREW.[1] An additional complication in distinguishing between smartphones and feature phones is that over time the capabilities of new models of feature phones can increase to exceed those of phones that had been promoted as smartphones in the past. Obviously, you need a smartphone and a laptop. Keep in mind that not all smartphones support tethering. Ones that do include the iPhone, several models of BlackBerry, and most Android-powered phones. Besides a phone, you'll need a 3G data plan. Anything else and you might not be able to tether. If you can, then you'll get speeds that rival dial up. If you're going to tether, make sure you have a data plan that gives you a lot of bandwidth; at least 5 GB a month. You'll also need a USB cable to connect your smartphone to your laptop; the phone usually comes with one. This is a moot point if you're tethering over a Bluetooth connection.
13

You might also need to install drivers -- specialized software that allows your computer to interact with your phone -- on your computer. This isn't always necessary, but whether or not you'll need to install drivers will depend on your phone Screen: Screens on smartphones vary largely in both display size and display resolution. The most common screen sizes range from 2 inches to over 4 inches (measured diagonally). Some 5 inch screen devices exist that run on mobile OSes and have the ability to make phone calls, such as the discontinued Dell Streak and the current Samsung Galaxy Note. Ergonomics arguments have been made that increasing screen sizes start to negatively impact usability.[citation needed] Common resolutions for smartphone screens vary from 240320 to 7201280, with many flagship Android phones at 480800 or 540960, the iPhone 4/4S at 640960 and Galaxy Nexus and HTC Rezound at 7201280.

14

3.2 Laptop:

A laptop, also called a notebook, is a personal computer for mobile use.A laptop integrates most of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also known as a trackpad, and/or a pointing stick) and speakers into a single unit. A laptop is powered by mains electricity via an AC adapter, and can be used away from an outlet using a rechargeable battery. Portable computers, originally monochrome CRT-based and developed into the modern laptops, and were originally considered to be a small niche market, mostly for specialized field applications such as the military, accountants and sales representatives. As portable computers became smaller, lighter, cheaper, more powerful and as screens became larger and of better quality, laptops became very widely used for all sorts of purposes.

15

Chapter 4. Advantages and Disadvantages OF TETHERING:

Since introduced widely by iPhone, tethering becomes so popular today. This relatively new technology encourages more people to seek capable-devices for such mass connection. Moreover, the coming of Android that offers capability to such a feature increases the demand for tethering. What should we concern about tethering? Let us see its advantages and disadvantages: Advantages: Using tethering feature, internet connection can be shared for two and more devices, and enjoyed by even a group of people; In most countries, tethering is free. Thus, people can collect their money to pay only one internet connection subscription;

16

 Also in many countries, tethering can also save you money. Logically, we do not have to buy many devices or hardware to have such a mass internet connection; With tethering, we can have secure internet connection as we can act like a main server; This connection can be done with some ways such as with USB data cable, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Thus, it is more flexible. Disadvantages: Tethering forces our phone, or other main devices for the mass internet connection to drain its battery more quickly, especially when we use Bluetooth to connect. In some devices, especially mobile phone, we may not be able to use voice service while it is tethered. This limitation certainly blocks our important communication.

17

 Tethering means we have to share internet connection to others so that the speed we gain will be less than we use it alone. It is because we use transferring media such as USB cable, Bluetooth, of Wi-Fi which surely influence the original speed.

Tethering capability depends on cell phone service provider and model. Thus it can be so picky to get such mass internet connection. By knowing the advantages and disadvantages of tethering, we may be more careful in utilizing our gadget for sharing internet connection. In some occasions, tethering is good to apply but in other circumstances, such a mass connection is better to be avoided. Some mobile phones, especially Android need additional application for tethering capability. Therefore, we have to provide more space for such a feature.

18

Drawbacks:

Yes, there are a few. The biggest one is that you can really burn through your data plan's bandwidth by tethering. Getting hit by additional charges, like a colleague of mine recently did, can really hurt your wallet. While your phone is tethered, you can't make or receive calls. Any calls will be shunted to your voicemail. Finally, if you use Bluetooth to tether your phone to your laptop that will really speed up the drain on the battery for both your phone and your laptop. Using a USB cable isn't too bad -- taking this route will charge your phone. Overall, though, the benefits of tethering a smartphone to a laptop outweigh the disadvantages. As long as you do it sparingly, tethering can be a great addition to any workshifter's toolkit.
19

Chapter 5. Conclusion and Future scope:

5.1 Conclusion:
From the above report it is very much clear that tethering is very fast and easy way to use internet while mobile. Specially the wi-fi tethering is just awesome for high speed internet acess. As response of tethering is quite positive from around the world and it work as modem which is much interesting . So overall tethering is a good application for todays world as the world is around internet.

20

5.2 Future scope:

With sales projections of anywhere between 310 million Ipads in the near future, most of which will be wi-fi, it seems there is an opportunity for really enhanced tethering. With poor 3G network delivery by AT&T, I wonder if Verizon, with 90 million customers in the US, will become very aggressive with new mifi capable phones, like the HTO. If they offer flexible and competitive pricing for tethering, they might steal a bunch of AT&T customers.

This is where Wi-Fi tethering could help in the future. As the mobile is reachable via an IP address it could also host an SMB server so any Windows/Linux/Mac box could access the files on the device and transfers would be much quicker than over Bluetooth. Especially a plus if lots of content has to be transferred.
21

In the near future tethering would be common because internet usage is increasing day by day.. I would say we should appreciate the technology if it deserve.and tethering do so.

22