Chapter 10 of the turbine's the safety monitoring system An overview of the first section turbine safety monitoring system

Meaning and content of a turbine security monitoring system , Safety monitoring system and the principle of Steam turbine Three, the Steam turbine safety monitoring system arrangement The application and development of monitoring system, turbine the safety Section II turbine sensor security surveillance system First, the sensor Overview Second, the eddy current displacement sensor Third, the magnetic speed sensor Four piezoelectric accelerometer Five composite vibration sensors Six linear variable differential transformer sensor Seven, speed measurement sensor Eight key phase Section III Bentley 3500 Monitor System The main function of a 3500 surveillance system Second, the power supply module 3500/15 Third, the speed monitoring module 3500/50 4, displacement monitoring module 3500/40 Fifth, differential expansion of the monitoring module 3500/45 Six keys module 3500/25 Overspeed protection module 3500/53 Chapter turbine safety monitoring system (TSI) An overview of the first section turbine safety monitoring system The meaning and content of a steam turbine safety monitoring The modern steam turbine is a large precision machine work of a high temperature, high pressure and high-speed conditions, with the increasing capacity of the units, the increasingly high steam parameters, thermal system is increasingly complex, people on the unit safe operation is also rising. In order to ensure the safe operation of the steam turbine unit, the steam turbine unit are equipped with all types

of safety devices used to monitor and protect a variety of important parameters. In order to improve the gap between the level of the hot economy, a large steam turbine unit, selected by the shaft seal gap are relatively small. Start and stop and run the process, the improper operation, control, likely to result in the turbine static and dynamic parts rub against each other, causing blade damage, bent spindle, thrust pad burned even for Speed and other serious accidents. In order to ensure the safety of the steam turbine unit, economic operation, must be the important parameters of the turbine and its auxiliary equipment, systems real-time long-term monitoring. When the parameter is more limited, the alarm signal; parameters exceeding the limits jeopardize the unit safety, issued an emergency stop signal, the protective device operates, turn off the main valve to achieve the emergency stop. Turbine safety monitoring system is also referred to as the TSI (Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation) is a set of monitoring and protection functions into one long-term monitoring of protection systems. Turbine operating state monitoring, and random group of different and varied, the general host security monitoring project: (1) Speed monitoring (1) Continuous monitoring of the rotor speed when the speed is higher than the set value to give an alarm or stop signal. (2) (2) zero-speed monitoring unit zero-speed monitoring trigger automatic turning. Zerospeed state of the continuous monitoring of the rotor, when the speed is below the set value, the alarm relay into the turning gear. (3) (3) does not occur between the axial displacement relative position of the monitorcontinuously monitors the thrust plate to the thrust bearing in order to protect the rotor andstator components of friction, when the axial displacement is too large an alarm or stop signal. (4) (4) axis bending (eccentricity) monitor used to monitor rotor eccentricity and peak - peak and instantaneous value. When the turbine speed is less than 600 rpm, the rotor perrotation lap measurement once eccentric peak - peak, to avoid rotor eccentricitythrough the large.

Cylinder (5) inflation monitor continuous monitoring of the cylinder relative to a reference point on the basis of (usually the amount of expansion of the sliding pin system is absolutely dead point), usually a linear variable differential displacement transducer (LVDT) measurements. (6) differential expansion monitor continuous monitoring of the rotor relative to a reference point on the cylinder (generally for the thrust bearing) the amount of expansion, usually using the eddy current sensor to measure. (7) unit vibration monitoring to monitor the rotor relative to the bearing of the relative vibration monitoring bearing absolute vibration, commonly used to measure the eddy current sensor and speed sensor. (8) phase monitoring is continuous monitoring unit phase of the vibration signal, the signal taken from the key that number and any measuring point axis vibration signal. In the security monitoring project can be divided into the surveillance and protection of two categories. Continuous, accurate and effective monitoring in the monitoring project, only the parameter being monitored, when the monitored parameters exceeds the audible and visual alarm to alert operating personnel, and to take timely measures to correct. Protection project, when the monitored parameters are exceeded, to reach the level of unit interdiction, protection devices should be accurate, reliable and timely action, automatic control or shutdown of the unit to ensure the safety of the crew. Second, security surveillance systems and the principle of steam turbine Whether the TSI of the imported or domestically produced TSI discrete devices TSI or by the integrated circuit composed of the TSI, are very much the same structure and principle of it. Figure 10-1 Bently Nevada Bently Nevada for the country to introduce the production of turbine safety monitoring system TSI. Figure 10-1 350MW steam turbine security surveillance system diagram A. The composition of the system The system mainly consists of three major components:

(1) measuring element and the amplifier. Referred to as the transmitter includes a sensor measuring a variety of measured parameters and the corresponding pre-amplifier, and they are arranged in the vicinity of each monitoring point. (2) chassis. Arranged in the control room. Chassis built-in power supply and the monitor signal from the sensor and preamplifier, given the indicated value and the recorded signal of the monitoring parameters, and monitoring parameters exceeds the alarm signal to cause the operator attention or trigger the automatic interdiction unit. (3) the TSI alarm signal board. Parameters in the level of alarm and interdiction run from that rely on board quickly get the information of the fault type and fault location, the board requirement layout at the eye-catching in the control room of the set. Monitoring parameters of the system are: Speed monitoring, zero speed monitoring, monitoring of axial displacement shaft bending (eccentricity) monitoring, tank monitoring inflation differential expansion monitor unit vibration monitoring, phase monitoring. TSI's works No matter what kind of TSI monitoring system, from the structural principle can simplify consists of the system shown in Figure 10-2. Figure 10-2 Turbine security monitoring system schematic (1) sensor. Its role is the measured object, such as speed, axial displacement, expansion, eccentricity and the actual physical vibration, measured to convert the electrical parameters, such as impedance, frequency, inductance and quality factor that is often known as the measuring element. (2) Pre-control. Its role is to signal conversion, it is also known as the transmitter, its task is to convert these electrical parameters has a certain value of voltage, current, square wave evolution wave signal into the information processor. And sensor measurement circuit in the layout of the measured object in harsh environments such as high temperature, strong magnetic fields or electric field interference between the two often have a greater distance, need to be connected by a cable, so the middle of the

Unitedlines should be shielded to isolate the problem. Front by the high-frequency oscillator, detector, filter, DC amplifier, the linear network and the output on the device and so on. After these processes, with the measured object and the sensor is proportional to the voltage signal output, under normal circumstances, the output voltage in the DC-4 ~-20V range, has a good linear relationship. (3) The information processor. It is some of the microprocessor as the core processing unit. Through a variety of software modules, scale conversion of the measured parameters, set up the testing cycle, alarm and interdiction value, alarm priority, logical processing, the system self-test and integrated management, and finally output to enter the terminal equipment. (4) terminal equipment. It consists of monitor, recorder, alarm, and tester. The task is treated DC voltage signal, converted to physical values and units consistent signal with the actual object, so that operating personnel to visually observed on the monitor; recorded on a recorder; when a physical quantity is exceeded, the alarm audible and visual alarm; seriously overweight, trigger the interdiction unit, to ensure the safety of the unit. Third, the steam turbine safety monitoring system is arranged Diagrammatic arrangement of Figure 10-3 for the 300 MW steam turbine safety monitoring instrument measuring point. In order to highlight the points in the diagram in addition to the large number of general temperature and pressure measuring point, covering almost all important security monitoring project described above, it is relatively clear and truly reflects the important measuring points site. Figure 10-3 turbine safety monitoring instrumentation measuring point arrangement diagram The main features of the system configuration is as follows: (1) The system configuration is more advanced and reasonable. The entire TSI system is a microcomputer system, by means of the security lock and configuration password, allows the system configuration can not easily be changed to ensure reliable running; system can by Chou sequence, the first alarm; system option is set complete;

allows routine maintenance work all done by computer, the operator simply click the mouse, you can complete all maintenance work. (2) The system is fully functional, high reliability work. Fullfeatured multi-faceted, for example, the entire system, one additional System Monitor to monitor the work of the TSI system, it is itself a computer system, and has a powersuppression, automatic alarm or interrupted, reset control, display power supply voltage is normal, and display sensor circuit is working properly, set the monitor alarm parameters and provide the key I believe number. System monitors are an independent subsystem, not only monitor interchangeability, reduce spare parts, but also through the implementation of the protective function of the monitor, a monitor fails, the other monitor can still be normal work to improve the reliability of the system. (3) The compact structure, reasonable layout. 3500 the entire system, the smaller frame sizes and can accommodate a variety of monitoring channel can handle up to 56 channels of vibration of the measuring point data. The selection of plugplate components for easy system maintenance and expansion. (4) the adaptability of the system. Its performance is in many aspects, such as alarm value setting, the digital program is easy to adjust, and good repeatability, and did not use the poor contact of the potentiometer setting, self-test alarm the whole time, will be stored within the memory tuning value adjustments to the display can be. System programming jumper through the configuration in the field transformation parameters of the monitor, such as changing the role of Xiao line Overnight, change the range of log output objects, change the alarm delay time, the system has great flexibility . (5) compatibility and scalability. For example, some sensors are compatible with the 3500 system and Bentley afraid; connection with its dynamic data management instrument (DDM) is not subject to the computer interface board is a good computer monitoring and fault diagnosis front-end system; monitor hardware modular structure and a plate inserted components, easy to adjust, repair and expansion; system software and network compatibility and support x Windos

agreement, to facilitate the operating personnel are familiar with and master. (6) The system has a bypass and self-test function. Failure such as channel bypass allows the channel will soon exit the system; "dangerous bypass will not affect the normal work of the other channels in a channel maintenance does not cause the other causal factors" dangerous "following electrical action; system power-on self test, periodic self-test and the use of Hutchison request self-test and three self-test function to ensure the reliability of the system has very important significance. The application and development of surveillance systems, turbine safety China's introduction of the steam turbine safety monitoring system TSI, the United States of Bentley Systems, Germany Philips series, a variety of products. In general, used to measure the unit parameters are similar and differ only in the measurements and the corresponding system composition. Early introduction of the TSI system, using more Bentley 7200, was later replaced in 3300, consistent with the monitoring capabilities of the turbine, the main difference is that the 7200 Series is the use of analog electronic circuits and digital circuits to achieve system requirements of the monitoring function, while the 3300 system is a single-chip microprocessor-based digital security surveillance system. Then further development of the Bentley 3500 system monitoring system, in addition to the inheritance of the reliability of the 3300 series devices, the most prominent is the modular structure, routine maintenance of the unit all the work done through the computer's configuration, including the framework interface module selected entry is set, the keys option is set, the monitor option is set, the channel option is set, the communication module option is set and alarm set point option settings, these optimization improvements, not only to maintain the reduced workload, the system reliability high, and the use of more flexible, and scalable. In the localization of the Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute have developed a TSI 8000 series and 9000 series systems. TSI 8000 series sensors, and electrical parameters, and Bently 7200 system are identical and

interchangeable, the chassis frame and the channel plate is also interchangeable with the same structure as the Philips RMS700, therefore, the 8000 series of signal processing is essentially the analog circuitry. The 9000 series of the TSI system, the forward step, the Intel microcontroller chip, the development of microprocessor based complete TSI system. Section II turbine sensor security surveillance system First, the sensor Overview The sensor is the first link in the turbine safety monitoring system, if there is no sensor to provide the necessary operating information, people can not find the machine in which the hazardous or non-running state. Similarly, there is no reliable, accurate and sensitive sensors would be no complete effective monitoring and accurate diagnosis. The sensor is a device to obtain information. The implication is: by means of detection devices to receive a form of change, and a certain regularity of the information obtained to convert another device. The information obtained, it can be for a variety of physical, chemical and biomass conversion information can be in various forms, the current sensor to convert most of the power signal. Thus from the definition of a narrow sense, the sensor is: the external input power signal into a power signal of the device. So generally, also known as sensor converters, transducers and detectors, the output power signal is ultimately fed to the measuring circuit and the terminal device of the follow-up support, for the record, display or signal analysis. The composition of a sensor The sensors are generally sensitive devices and auxiliary devices. Sensitive device is the core of the sensor, its role is to directly feel the measurand, and signal conversion output. Signal conditioning and conversion circuits generally classified as auxiliary devices, they are some of the sensitive devices the amount of output conversion to electrical signals for subsequent processing device. With the development of integrated circuit manufacturing technology, is now able to some signal conditioning circuitry and sensor integration together constitute the integrated sensors. Further development of modernity is a combination of

sensors and microprocessors, the formation of a new type of "smart sensors mounted on a detector, it has a certain amount of signal conditioning, signal analysis, error correction, environmental adaptation ability, even has a certain identification, recognition, judgment. (2) the classification of sensor Sensors of a wide range of wide range of applications. As a thermal power plant steam turbine generator set operating status monitoring, the most used sensors for vibration measurement sensors. Sensors used in modern vibration measurement is not the traditional concept of separate mechanical measuring devices, but only a link in the entire measurement system, and closely related to subsequent electronic circuit. In general, many of the direct conversion of electricity by the sensor and not directly by the follow-up records or analytical instruments accepted. Sensors for different transformation principle, should be supported by specialized measurement circuit. Vibration measurement sensors according to their function in general have the following classification, as shown in Table 10-1. Classification of Table 10-1 vibration measurement sensors Sub-divided by the principle of electromechanical transformation by mechanical quantity measuring points according to the principle of mechanical receiving Relative (non-contact, plunger type) Absolute (inertial) Electric (magnetic) Piezoelectric Eddy Current Inductive Capacitive Resistive displacement sensor Speed sensor Acceleration sensor Force sensor Strain sensor Torsional vibration sensor

Torque sensor (3) the selection of sensors The choice of the sensor is affected by many factors, mainly consider two aspects: First, the sensor performance; the conditions and requirements of the measured object. Only the two good combination to get the best results. The best sensor is the case, that is small change when the machine vibration state, can produce a large signal output changes. The ideal sensor should both can be used for monitoring of the machine but also for fault diagnosis analysis. Sensor selection also involves many other factors, including the importance of machinery and equipment in the factory production process, the purpose of measuring the parameters (machine monitor or require monitoring and diagnostic capabilities), personnel and plant safety, insurance coverage and industry standard. From the requirements of the field operation, vibration measurement sensors according to the type of measurement parameters, and their selection is usually divided into three main types: 1) the use of eddy current displacement sensor measuring shaft relative vibration; 2) using the speed sensor or accelerometer to measure the absolute vibration of the bearing; 3) Using the absolute vibration of composite vibration sensor measurement axis. For a specific machinery and equipment, which the sensor depends on the vibration characteristics of the machine. More than three sensors not only can measure the vibration parameters, can also be used to measure other parameters. Such as eddy current displacement sensor can measure the relative radial vibration of the turbine generator shaft can also be used to measuring the axial displacement, differential expansion, speed and rotor eccentricity. In addition to several common vibration measurement sensors to monitor other important parameters of the turbogenerator, but also need some special sensors, such as measuring cylinder expansion of the linear variable differential transformer sensor; accurate measurement of the speed reluctance sensors, magnetic sensors, and so on.

, Eddy current displacement sensor (1) The main performance The eddy current type displacement sensor is measured by the change in distance between the sensor end of the measured object to the object vibration or displacement.It is a relatively non-contact measuring sensors, non-contact measurement compared with the contact measurement, rotor vibration of the various parameters can be more accurately collected, which has been widely used. Eddy current displacement sensor has a wide frequency range (0 ~ 10KHz), the linear working range, high sensitivity, strong anti-jamming capability, without the media impact, the structure is simple and non-contact measurement, etc., it can be used as a power plant main sensors for the measurement and monitoring of the turbine shaft displacement, vibration, eccentricity, speed and other parameters. A complete eddy current sensor probe, to extend the cables and pre-composition, shown in Figure 10-4. 2 works The working principle of the eddy current type displacement sensor is shown in Figure 10-5. Through the coil of the alternating current i near the surface of the conductor, due to the role of the alternating magnetic field, the surface of a conductor layer on the induced electromotive force, and generates a closed circulation ie, known as eddy current. A coil, eddy current type displacement sensor when the sensor coil through the high-frequency (1 MHz) excitation current i and its surrounding to produce a high frequency alternating magnetic field, magnetic flux i the measured conductor nearsensor coil, due to the role of high-frequency alternating magnetic field at its surface eddy current ie, the eddy current flux e through the original coil, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, it is always resistance to the main magnetic field changed.Therefore, the sensor coil and the eddy current is equivalent to existence of the mutual inductance of two coils, the size of the primary coil of the mutual inductance and the gap d of the conductor surface, the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 10-6 (a) below.Equivalent resistance and self-inductance of the R, L for the primary coil resistance and inductance, Re, of Le for the eddy current

loop. And can prove that: when a high frequency of the current, namely Re "Le, the figure of R ', L' is approximately: (10-1) (10-2) (10-3) Where: K is the coupling coefficient; M is the mutual inductance. The coupling coefficient K determines the distance d of the original surface of the coil and the conductor, ie, K = f (d) The K value is generally 0 to 1 between the changes.When the distance increases, the coupling weakened, K value decreased. Specific changes are as follows: d K, L ' Such a gap d of L 'changes, and then through the measurement line L' changes in voltage ui changes. Therefore, as long as the determination of ui changes also indirectly calculated the gap d of. This noncontact eddy current displacement sensor works. In order to determine the changes in L '(d) and to establish the relationship between the output voltage ul gap d, the equivalent simplified circuit of Figure 10-6 (b) in parallel with a capacitor C, which constitute an R', L ' C resonant circuit, the resonant frequency (ie, impedance Z up to maximum frequency) is: (10-4) Will change with the change of d. When the gap distance d increases, the resonant frequency will be reduced; the contrary, when the gap distance d decreases, the resonant frequency will increase. Displacement change is converted into a corresponding voltage signal to be measured, and the introduction of a voltage divider resistor Rc, between the oscillating voltage ui resonant circuit shown in Figure 10-7, when Rc is much larger than the resonant circuit impedance Z , the amplitude of the

output voltage is approximately: (10-5) Thus, when Rc when the output voltage ul determined by the resonant circuit impedance Z. When the resonant frequency of the frequency of the input voltage ui fi is equal to the oscillation circuit, the Z has great value, the amplitude of the output voltage reaches a maximum value; when fi is greater than or less than the output of ul will reduce .Corresponding to different d, there is a corresponding u and the output voltage amplitude ul with the oscillation frequency of the curves in Figure 10-8 (a) below. If the frequency of the oscillating input voltage ui is strictly stable in f0, will correspond to d = , d = d1, d = d2 and ... with the output voltage u1l u12 ... between the value of mutual correspondence between the , as shown in Figure 10-8 (b) below. Figure the straight line segment is the linear measurement part. Loop in order to get a longer straight line segments in Figure 10-7 (b) impedance in parallel with a tuning capacitor C ', to adjust the parameters of the resonant circuit, find the most suitable to mount the sensor resonant position. (3) measuring circuit Eddy current displacement sensor measuring circuit shown in Figure 10-9. It is usually composed by the crystal oscillator, high frequency amplifier, detector and filter. The crystal oscillator provides high frequency oscillatory input signal, the sensor for vibration measurements, the sensor input change with the vibration gap d of high-frequency carrier modulated signal, amplified by high-frequency amplifier, detector detector, and finally filtered output is the alternating voltage signal with a DC offset component. The DC part is equivalent to the average spacing d0 DC voltage proportional to the displacement d; exchange part is equivalent to the change of the vibration amplitude A Input waveform, the output shown in Figure 10-10. Third, the magnetic speed sensor (1) The main performance

Vibration of the vibration velocity sensors measure the target is called the speed sensor, speed sensor is a contact sensor. The speed sensor has a high velocity sensitivity (10 of ~ 50mV/mm / s) and low output impedance (1 ~ 3K), can output a strong signal power, so it is less susceptible to electromagnetic interference, the more complex, the need the scene of a long wire, and still be able to obtain a higher signal to noise ratio, the sensor itself does not require power supply frequency range of the sensor is generally 10Hz ~ lKHz Needless to configure a dedicated preamplifier, a simple measuring circuit, combined with installation, easy to use, and therefore widely used in vibration measurement of rotating machinery bearing, chassis, or the basis of non-rotating parts. The disadvantage of such sensors is the limited dynamic range, size and weight, the full weight of the measurement sensor must be attached to the object of the measured vibration, the reliability of the measurement results for some vibration will produce a large additional mass impact. Magnetic sensor, speed sensor (also known as electric sensors), it is measured is the measured vibration of the body relative to the movement of the earth or the inertial space, also called inertial sensors. 2 works The speed sensor is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, that is, when the movement of the conductor cutting magnetic field lines in a fixed magnetic field, the conductor at both ends of induced electromotive force. The mechanical model of the speed sensor includes an inertial mass m, spring K and damper C composition, as shown in Figure 10-11. When the sensor placed on the measured body, it will be followed by y = yosint the law of the upper and lower vibration. Mass m for the differential equations for the shell vibration can be calculated according to the forced vibration theory: (10-6) (10-7) The amplitude-frequency characteristics as:

(10-8) Where: B is the relative amplitude; A for measuring the amplitude; the natural frequency of the sensor; the relative damping. Figure 10-12 for the speed sensor amplitude-frequency characteristic curve. It can be seen from the figure, 1:00 / B / A tends to 1. That is, when the natural frequency of the sensor is lower than the vibration frequency of the measured vibration very long time, the relative vibration between the mass of the vibrating body close to the absolute vibration of the vibrating body. Magnetic speed sensor works as follows, see Figure 10-11, the inertial mass m following a coil L, when the vibration of the sensor and the measured object, the mass m relative to the shell movement for x = bsin (t-) Click here to regular exercise, that is in the permanent magnet magnetic circuit gap. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction coil and the relative velocity dx / dt is proportional to the electromotive force E, ie, (10-9) Where: B the magnetic induction intensity; Effective length L is a single coil; relative velocity v a coil and the magnetic field; direction of movement of a coil and the angle of the magnetic field direction; eleven the number of coil turns. Therefore, when the structure of the sensor is fixed, B, and of and L are constants, therefore, the induced electromotive force E and the magnetic field of the coil relative to the velocity dx / dt, is proportional to. Measured value of E can be obtained according to the known conversion between the measured value of vibration velocity. Two. Structure The absolute speed sensor structure shown in Figure 1013. The sensor magnet fixed to the casing 2 together. Mandrel

through the magnet center hole by about two soft round spring bearing housing. The mandrel one end fixed to a coil 3; other end is fixed a cylindrical copper cup (damping cup). This structure forms the sensor, the inertial components (mass m) coil components, damping cup and mandrel. When the vibration frequency is much higher than the natural frequency of the sensor, the coil close to the stationary magnet is followed with the vibration of the vibrating body. Therefore, there is relative motion between the coil and the magnet, the relative movement speed is equal to the vibration velocity of the object. Coil cutting the magnetic lines of force relative velocity sensor there is proportional to the electromotive force in the vibration velocity signal output, so this type of sensor known as the speed sensor. Because the relative velocity of the vibration relative to a stationary point of the space, it is also known as the absolute speed sensor, or seismic velocity transducer. Relatively wide frequency range available to make the sensor is installed in the opposite side of the working coil made with copper damping ring. Appropriate geometry, can be an ideal dimensionless attenuation coefficient C = 0.7. The damping ring is actually a movement in a magnetic field short-circuit ring. At work, this short-circuit ring induced current. This current along with the damping ring in a magnetic field, resulting in the electromagnetic force, this force with the movable part of the movement direction contrary, was the emergence of resistance in the form, its size and the movable part is proportional to the velocity. Therefore, it is the system of linear damping force. (3) measuring circuit Speed sensor output voltage is proportional to the vibration velocity, and therefore the size of the vibration velocity as a monitoring standard machinery, speed sensor output voltage can be directly provide analysis and processing. ; For those mechanical displacement amplitude as a monitoring standard, you need the voltage output of the sensor integration processing, making the integral line after the output voltage is proportional to the vibration displacement. Integral line there are two types available to choose: a passive integrator as shown in Figure 10-14 (a) below; another active

points, as shown in Figure 10-14 (b) below. Passive integration is an approximate integral, it is a substantial reduction in the cost of the input signal, it is poor in the integral characteristics of the low frequency band, and there is a serious phase shift. Passive integrator circuit is extremely simple, so it is still within a certain range. Passive integrating circuit two shortcomings: First, the circuit without amplification, the signal after the points after the amplitude attenuation; narrow frequency range by a low-end cutoff frequency restrictions, affecting the measurement of low frequency signal . In order to address these deficiencies, in the modern test technology widely used active integrating circuit. The so-called active points in the integral circuit power supply op amps can be used to carry out the integral amplification processing. Four piezoelectric accelerometer (1) The main performance Measurement and fault diagnosis of rotating machinery vibration analysis, the acceleration sensor is often used, field more piezoelectric accelerometer. Piezoelectric Accelerometer has a small size, light weight, high sensitivity, wide frequency range (5Hz ~ 2OKHz) advantages, and therefore more suitable for high-speed rotating machinery bearing and shell vibration acceleration measurement. In addition, for highfrequency mechanical noise caused by the monitoring of rolling bearings and air pulse, the turbine blades measuring frequency, etc., is also recommended to use the accelerometer. The disadvantage of this sensor is more difficult to measure low-frequency vibration. The piezoelectric accelerometer is the use of a special crystalline materials (such as the piezoelectric effect of quartz, ceramics, etc.) made of an electrical converter and piezoelectric accelerometer is a reversible type of transducer, either mechanical energyconverted to electrical energy, electrical energy into mechanical energy. Typically, rotating machinery, the higher the vibration frequency, vibration displacement amplitude is also smaller, and the vibration acceleration amplitude is still some order of

magnitude, this time appears to speed sensors or eddy current type displacement sensor sensitivity enough, but the acceleration sensor to adapt to the measurement in this case. 2 works The piezoelectric accelerometer sensor works is shown in Figure 10-15. Figure 10-15 (a) hexahedral piezoelectric crystal film, the two working surface of the piezoelectric crystal film metal deposition to form a metal film to form two electrodes. When the piezoelectric crystal film by the pressure F, the role of, respectively, equal to the number of accumulation in the two plates of opposite polarity charge and the formation of the electric field. Therefore, the piezoelectric sensor can be regarded as a charge generator, can be seen as a capacitor. The capacitance is: C = of . A / (10-10) Where: is the relative permittivity of piezoelectric material (quartz crystal = 4.5); 0 vacuum permittivity; (10-11) is the bipolar spacing, crystal thickness (m); A piezoelectric crystal film face area (m). Accumulate in the plate charge nor the leak, then the role of the external forces continue to charge the amount will remain unchanged if a constant external force, applied to the piezoelectric crystal piece. Then plate the accumulation of charge and force as: q = DF (10-12) Where: q is the amount of charge; F is the force; D is the piezoelectric constant, related to the material and slice direction. It is suggested that the amount of charge and the force is proportional to the. In vibration measurement, due to the F = m a, where a is the acceleration. Acceleration and is proportional to the role of external forces, the piezoelectric sensor is a basic accelerometer. Of course, in the termination of the force, the charge

disappeared. Obviously, to measure the effective value of F, the main problem is how the measured charge value. It is noteworthy that the use of piezoelectric sensors to measure static or quasi-static value, you must take certain measures to make the charge reduced to a small enough extent by the measuring circuit of the leakage from the piezoelectric. Dynamic force, the charge can be constantly replenished supply current measurement circuit, the piezoelectric sensor is suitable for dynamic measurements. In practical applications, due to the single-chip output charge is very small, so the composition of the piezoelectric sensor chip is more than one and often two or more than two chips bonded together. Bonding of two ways, ie, parallel and series. Parallel method shown in Figure 10-15 <b> as shown in the negative charge of the two piezoelectric concentrated in the middle electrode, the positive charge concentrated on both sides of the electrode. And then, the large capacity of the sensor output charge capacity, time constant, so this sensor suitable for measuring the slowly varying signal and charge output signal. Series method as shown in Figure 10-15 (c) below, the positive charge concentrated on the plate, the negative charge concentrated on the lower plate, in series, the capacitance of the sensor itself, and rapid response, large output voltage, so this The sensors are suitable for measuring the voltage output signal and high frequency signal. The piezoelectric sensor is a charge has a certain power source, as shown in Figure 10-15 (d) below. The open circuit voltage on the capacitor eo with charge q and the sensor capacitance ca the following relationship: eo, = q / ca (10-13) When the piezoelectric sensor access measurement circuit, the parasitic capacitance of the connection cable to the formation of the input impedance of the sensor parallel capacitance of the Cc, follow-up circuit and the sensor leakage resistance on the formation of a leakage resistor R0. To prevent leakage caused by charge loss typically require: (10-14) Therefore, the sensor can be regarded as open.

Figure 10-16 shows the schematic diagram of the basic structure of the piezoelectric accelerometer. It mainly consists of a base, two piezoelectric, mass, spring. Base on the measured object, the base vibration of the mass acceleration direction opposite inertia force, inertial force acting on the piezoelectric substrate, the two piezoelectric surface of the alternating voltage output, the output voltage proportional to acceleration. (3) measuring circuit Piezoelectric acceleration sensor output signal is very weak, usually the first sensor signal input to the high input impedance preamplifier, after impedance transformation, before amplification detector circuit. The role of the preamplifier has two points: One is to transform the high impedance output of the sensor for low-impedance output; The second is the amplification of the sensor output electrical signal. There are two forms of pre-amplifier circuit, a voltage amplifier feedback resistor, the output voltage and input voltage (sensor output) is proportional to; the other is the feedback charge amplifier with a capacitor plate, the output voltage directly proportional to the input charge. Little effect on the cable length change of the charge amplifier circuit is almost negligible, hence the increasingly widespread application of the charge amplifier. Charge amplifier circuit diagram shown in Figure 10-17 shows, the leakage resistance is ignored, so the amount of charge as follows: (10-15) ey = - k ei (10-16) : Ei amplifier input voltage; ey for the amplifier output voltage; k is the charge amplifier open-loop amplification; Ci is the amplifier input capacitance; of Cf for the charge amplifier feedback capacitance. Available from the above equation: (10-17) If the amplifier open-loop gain is large enough, is then kCf "(C

+ Cf), so the above equation can be simplified as: ey -q/Cf the (10-18) It is suggested that in certain circumstances, the charge is proportional to the amount of the charge amplifier output voltage sensor, and has nothing to do with the cable distribution. Therefore, using the charge amplifier, even when the connection cable length in meters above, the sensitivity is also no significant change, which is the outstanding merits of the charge amplifier. Frequency characteristic curve of a typical piezoelectric acceleration sensor as shown in Figure 10-18. The abscissa of the curve is a logarithmic scale of frequency value, while the vertical axis is the relative voltage sensitivity (that is, the voltage sensitivity of the acceleration sensor calibration and a standard accelerometer voltage sensitivity ratio). It can be seen from the figure piezoelectric acceleration sensor operating frequency range is very wide, only dramatic changes in the sensitivity of the accelerometer natural frequency fn near Therefore the sensor itself, the natural frequency fn is its main parameters. Usually the smaller sensor of the geometric dimensions have a higher natural frequency, but lower sensitivity. An accurate measurement, and would rather select a smaller sensitivity of the accelerometer should also ensure that there is a wide enough range of effective frequencies. Five composite vibration sensors (1) The main performance Single vibration sensors generally only measure the relative vibration of the turbine bearing vibration or measuring spindle and bearing. In recent years the development of a composite type vibration sensors, made by an eddy current displacement sensor and a speed sensor combination, on the inside with a shell, as shown in Figure 10-19. It has the advantage of noncontact measurement, no wear, solid and reliable, can simultaneously measure the absolute vibration of the shaft, the shaft relative to the bearing vibration, bearing the absolute vibration. Rotor dynamics, composite sensor at the same time

measuring the vibration of the shaft and shell, we can know the shell vibration by the vibration of the rotor or the resonance of the shell caused by, or there are other outside influence factors. In addition, the comparison axis of relative motion and absolute motion of the bearing, you can analyze the mechanical impedance of the system. Determine the bearing damping, bearing stiffness, inertia parameters and mechanical system characteristics, we also need to measure the amplitude and phase relationship of the two motor component. Since the vibration of the unit along with the run exists, rotor nature is the main reason that caused the vibration when the vibration anomalies, reflected in the spindle vibration than bearing vibration changes are much more obvious, therefore, the absolute monitor spindle vibration is particularly important. This also indicates that the monitor bearing vibration monitoring of the unit from the developed to directly monitor the shaft relative to the reason for the vibration of the free space (ie shaft absolute vibration). Figure 10-20 for an actual vibration of the composite structure of the sensor. 2 works The general eddy current displacement sensor for measuring spindle relative to the vibration of the bearing spindle relative vibration speed sensor used for measuring the absolute vibration of the bearing. The speed of the speed sensor output signal is converted by the VD transitions into absolute vibration signal input, and eddy current displacement sensor output relative vibration signal synthesizer, synthesizer vector sum, and then output the absolute vibration of the spindle signal. As shown in Figure 10-21, assume that A1 said spindle relative to the bearing vibration vector; A2 bearing relative to the vibration of the free space vector, both the phase difference , the vector and the method can be derived spindle absolute vibration value A, Figure 10-22 indicate the measurement block diagram of the composite sensor.Displacement change D, the eddy current displacement sensor to the front device is converted to voltage change V1, amplified vibration signal change in V1; V

speed sensor measured by VD converter (integrator), the speed signal transform displacement signal V2, amplified vibration displacement signal voltage V2. In order to get the correct amplitude and phase relationships in the lowfrequency end of the frequency range for phase compensation. Two vibration displacement signal voltage V1 and V2 input to the adder, the output of adder output is the shaft absolute vibration displacement signal, and then highpass filter, peak-peak detector and transmitted to the recording instrument. Composite vibration sensor is used in the steam turbine, gas turbine, large blowers, pumps and other rotating machinery vibration monitoring. In order to accurately measure the vibration signal, the composite type vibration sensor should be securely installed in the bearing housing, the measurement should be directed to the direction of the vibration signal, the measured shaft surface should be smooth. Six linear variable differential transformer sensor (1) The main performance Linear variable differential transformer sensor (referred to as an LVDT) is essentially an output voltage variable transformer. When the primary coil of the transformer input stable AC voltage, the secondary coil, inducing a voltage. Sensors work, move the object to be measured directly caused by the transformer core position changes, resulting in corresponding changes in the output voltage. Differential transformer can displacement signal is converted to AC voltage signal. Linear variable differential transformer sensor with high precision, large range of coil changes (can be expanded to soil loomm, as the structure may be), simple structure, good stability, etc., are widely applied to linear displacement, pressure, level and other parameters measurements. 2 works The linear variable differential transformer sensor working principle is shown in Figure 10-23. Known as the excitation frequency of the primary winding of L0 by the excitation of the AC power, AC frequency (1KHz). The two sub-pole winding of L1, L2, then the

differential form of RP series connection, the output voltage e is the difference between the two winding AC induction voltage, so called differential transformer. In Figure 10-23, when the location of the center of the core, equal to the two secondary winding magnetic circuit reluctance, due to the mutual inductance, two secondary windings of the induction voltage e1 and e2 are equal and opposite phase, so the output voltage e = e1 - e2 = 0, this time the core displacement is zero. Core from the middle position to the left, the air gap of the magnetic circuit of the secondary winding L1 decreases, the magnetic circuit reluctance decreases, due to mutual inductance, mutual inductance of secondary windings L1 and L0 in primary winding coupling increases,secondary winding L1 induced voltage increases; the same time, the secondary winding L2 of the magnetic circuit air gap increases the reluctance of the magnetic circuit increases, the secondary winding L2 and primary winding L0 coupled mutual inductance is reduced, the secondary winding L2 The induced voltage becomes smaller, ie, e1> e2, the output voltage e = el-e2> 0. Similarly, when the core from the middle position to the right, e1 <e2, e = e2, e1> 0. The size of the output voltage e in a certain range with a linear relationship to the core displacement exceeded the scope of the output voltage is saturated, becomes nonlinear. Figure 10-24 for the output signal and the core displacement characteristic curve.Respectively indicate three different range of linear variable differential transformer sensor characteristic curve in the figure. When the iron core in the middle of the output signal is zero, when the core move around, the output signal demodulation has a linear relationship for positive and negative DC voltage signal, and the core displacement.The range of the three curves were 0 ~ 25mm, 0 ~ 5Omm, 0 ~ 100mm, its sensitivity, respectively 0.35V/mm, 0.4 V / mm and 0.14V/mm. (3) measuring circuit Differential transformer sensor output voltage is the exchange amount, such as AC voltmeter indicates the polarity of the output value only the reaction core displacement size, do not reflect the move; Secondly, the AC voltage output to a certain

degree of zero residual voltage zero residual voltage is due to the asymmetric structure of the two secondary coils, and copper resistance of the primary coil, the ferromagnetic material is unevenly distributed capacitance between windings formed. So, even if the activity core in the middle position, the output is not zero. For these reasons, the follow-up circuit of the differential transformer type sensors should be used not only the reaction core displacement polarity, can compensate for zero residual voltage differential DC output circuit. Figure 10-25 shows the differential phase sensitive detector circuit works for small displacement, when there is no signal input, the core in the middle position, adjust the resistance R, the zero point of the residual voltage is reduced; when a signal is inputcore shift or move, the output voltage of the AC amplification, phase sensitive detector, the filtered DC output. Header to indicate the magnitude and direction of the input offset. Seven, speed measurement sensor Measurement speed, the use of sensors, there are many commonly used sensors Photoelectric sensors, eddy current displacement sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, magnetic sensors. As the scene of long-term monitoring is mainly used in eddy current displacement sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, magnetic sensors. Eddy current displacement sensor in front of introduction, here introduces the magnetoresistive sensors and magnetic sensors. A magnetoresistive speed sensor The magnetoresistive speed sensor consists of a magnetoresistive sensor and speed gear. As shown in Figure 10-26, measured shaft to install a gear made of magnetic material along the vertical direction of the gear circumference install a magnetoresistive sensor. The sensor consists of a permanent magnet and induction coil. Its working principle is: the fixed coil and a magnet fixed, when the rotating shaft driven speed gears, whenever the gear teeth at the top go to the location of the magnetoresistive sensor, the minimum air gap of the magnetic circuit reluctanceminimum, maximum flux. Addendum by alveolar Go

to the sensor location, then the air gap of the magnetic circuit to become the largest magnetoresistance maximum, the flux becomes the smallest. Each after a tooth, flux changes. The flux of alternating coil produces an alternating induced electromotive force, its value (10-19) Where: W the number of turns of the coil; is the magnetic flux through the coil. Sensor to determine the W is a fixed value, d / dt will only determine the speed of the shaft, the correspondence between E and speed. The frequency of the AC induction electromotive force generated by the sensor coil: (10-20) Where z is the number of teeth of a gear; n speed, in revolutions per minute (rpm). If the gear is made of z = 60, f = n, ie, the frequency of the AC signal is equivalent to the measured speed. Magnetoresistive speed sensor structure is simple, easy to use, no working power can be used directly. The inadequacies of the peak output voltage is not constant, smaller low speed when the output voltage, high speed when the output voltage is larger. (2) magnetic speed measuring sensor The magnetic sensor is converted into the magnetic field changes the power output of the function. Rectangular semiconductor wafer (Hall film) by the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the current, not only the Hall effect the Hall potential, will appear in the phenomenon of semiconductor resistivity increases, that is, the stronger the magnetic field in which the semiconductor The resistivity of the film is the greater, the greater the resistance, a phenomenon known as magnetoresistance.Magnetoresistance can be made of the magnetoresistive device, also known as magnetic resistance. It has a simple structure, small size, light weight, wide frequency response, no contact with the advantages of

long life. Magnetic resistance is a core component of the magnetic speed sensor. The magnetic sensor contains a permanent magnet, equipped with a magnet on the magnetic resistance of two series each other. When the tachometer gear made by the guide magnetic material close to the location of the sensor rotation, as shown in Figure 10-27 (a). With the addendum close and leave, the sensor within the magnetic field is disturbed, the magnetic field lines offset magnetic resistor will change. Both change in resistance due to the geometric position of the two magnetic resistance Rl and R2 are different, the situation is different. Can be designed and manufactured to such a result: a resistance increase, and the other reduces the electrical resistance. Circuit two magnetic resistors R1 and R2 with two fixed resistors R3 and R4 connected as shown in Figure 10-27 (b) shown in the differential bridge. Tachometer gear with spindle rotation, a gear at the top of the proximity sensor, due to changes in the magnetic field, the two magnetic resistors R1 and R2 are changed, one increases the other decreases. Bridge out of balance, the output voltage signal; when the tooth leaves the sensor, the magnetic field change in the opposite direction, two magnetic resistance changes in the opposite direction, the imbalance of the bridge in the opposite direction, opposite polarity output voltage signal. Whenever a tooth after the sensor bridge output voltage signal changes in time. Alternating output voltage trigger circuit and fast push-pull DC amplifier, into a very steep edge of the pulse signal.The frequency of the pulse signal (10-21) Where: z a gear number of teeth; n speed, in units of revolutions per minute (rpm). West Germany, Philips the RMS700 series speed measuring devices that fall into that its gear teeth z = 60, therefore f = n, ie, the frequency of the output pulse signal is equal to the measured speed. Digital tachometer for speed instructions; can also be frequency - voltage converter circuit, output 0 ~ lOV or ~ lOmA 0 or 4 to 20mA DC signal for speed

instructions and records. This magnetic speed measuring device of the measuring range is very wide (O ~ 2OKHz,), the resolution is also high. Eight key phase The key phase is the most basic sensor device of a markup vibration signal vector, and simple that it's role is to provide a reference point for measuring the vibration signal phase. Accurate phase measurements in the high-speed rotor balancing test to determine the critical speed of the rotor and the analysis of some mechanical failure are very important. Turbogenerator dynamic analysis method, the axis of trajectory analysis, the spectrum analysis, analysis of the Bode plots and polar diagram analysis and so can not be separated from the phase. There are many ways of measuring vibration phase line method, the oscilloscope method previously used, then the flash phase measurement method, the current using the standard pulse method. To properly measure the oscillation phase, the most critical is the correct way to obtain the standard pulse signal. To obtain the standard pulse signal, photoelectric sensors, magnetic sensors, eddy current type displacement sensor, photoelectric sensor, easy to use, simple to install and does not produce the advantages of the new imbalance, but there are anti-light, thermal interferenceReflective tape is prone to failure and other shortcomings, it is more suitable for circuit detection, on-site balancing use. The use of magnetic sensors above the object to be measured with magnetic materials, processing and installation are not convenient. Eddy current displacement sensor has a good anti-interference performance, long life, so the scene is long-term monitoring of measurement commonly used in eddy current displacement sensor as a key phase. The use of eddy current displacement sensor as a key phase, the requirements out of a keyway in the shaft reference position. Keyway geometry of the different monitoring systems and the measured rotor has certain requirements, such as Bentley's 7200 series and 3300 series monitoring systems required the width of the keyway or boss is greater than 7mm depth greater than 1.5mm, the length of greater than 10mm, in

order to ensure a minimum of 5V peak pulse signal. For eddy current displacement sensor, set up a groove or boss on the shaft, the shaft per revolution, the eddy current type displacement sensor will output a negative or positive pulse signal. Vibration signal measured phase angle defined as shown in Figure 9-29. Observed time domain waveform of the synchronous component of the sync pulse signal acquisition and vibration signals, for example, from the forefront of the key phase pulse signal to the angle between the synchronization component of the vibration signal is the peak point (high vibration), is the phase angle of the vibration signal, as shown in Figure 10-28 (a), the phase angle of the lag angle, lag angle of the general definition of a positive angle. Correspond to the actual shaft of the corresponding meaning is: the axis phase marked the forefront of the alignment key sensor, and then from the vibration sensor position, reverse the direction of rotation angle , that is, the vibration signal point position where , as shown in Figure 1028 (b). Section III Bentley 3500 Monitor System 3500 Monitor production system in the United States Bentley Nevada (BN), is a set of the turbogenerator online monitoring system, it is by the main computer, data acquisition / dynamic data exchange computer data communications gateways, monitors module and system framework, continuous measurement and monitoring the speed of the unit, axial displacement, differential expansion, bearing cap vibration, shaft vibration, eccentricity, and real-time display of operating data, and data for storage and handling, can also be measuring parameters or frequency domain analysis to the operational status of the evaluation unit, when the parameter is exceeded, you can also audible and visual alarm and even trigger interdiction unit. In addition to real-time monitoring of the unit through the historical data trend analysis, provide detailed data for predictive maintenance and fault diagnosis unit early, but also the ability to network communications capabilities to provide timely and integrated management of the power plant the production of management information. Figure 10-29 as part

of the modular framework of the configuration of a power plant Bentley 3500 monitoring system. Figure 10-29 3500 monitoring system The system is a permanent online lifetime of continuous monitoring system, the measurement of each sensor signal corresponding to the independent monitor and alarm set point, when a monitor fails, does not affect the other monitoring the normal working of the device, which not only improves the reliability of the system itself, but also to ensure the safety of plant operation. The system configuration, the monitor a variety of option settings, for example, range, sensor inputs, the recorder output, alarm time delay, alarm logic vote and relay configuration settings and modify. 350MW unit safety monitoring system technical indicators are shown in Table 10-2. Table 10-2 the BN's 350MW Unit security surveillance system technology indicators Monitoring project measuring range of analog output alarm value risk value Turbine speed 0 ~ 5000rpm 4 ~ 20mA 2 rpm or 3240 rpm for 3500 rpm Axial displacement of 0 to 2mm 4 ~ 20mA -1.05 mm, +0.6 mm, -1.65 mm, +1.2 mm High pressure differential expansion -4 ~ +8 mm, 4 ~ 20mA -3 mm, +6 mm, Cover vibration ~ 100m (p-p) 4 ~ 20mA 50m (p-p) Shaft vibration 0 ~ 400m (pp) 4 ~ 20mA 127 m (pp) 250m (pp) Low-voltage differential expansion 0 ~ 20mm 4 ~~ 20mA +14 mm, Shaft eccentricity 0 ~ 100m (pp) 4-20 mA> the original value of 30m (pp) Note: For the axial displacement measurement, the rotor to the generator direction of movement is differential expansion measurement, rotor elongation greater than the cylinder elongation is positive. The main function of a 3500 surveillance system (1) modules 3500 monitoring system provides continuous online monitoring

suitable for machinery protection applications, and fully comply with the requirements of the American Petroleum Institute API 670 standard for that type of system. It is the United States Bently Nevada system of the form of the traditional framework of the most powerful, most flexible system, with the other systems do not have a variety of performance and advanced features. The main function modules of the system are the following: (1) power supply module, Model 3500/15; (2) the framework of the interface module, Model 3500/20; (3) transient data interface module, Model 3500/22; (4) key phase detector module, Model 3500/25; (5) four-channel relay module, Model 3500/32; (6) Displacement Monitoring Module, Model 3500/40; (7) displacement, velocity and acceleration monitor module, Model 3500/42; (8) differential expansion, the axial position of the monitor module, Model 3500/45; (9) speed monitoring module, model 3500/50; (10) speeding detection protection module, Model 3500/53; The temperature monitoring module (11), model 3500/60 and 3500/61; (12) Communication Interface Module, Model 3500/90. 2 module status (1) numerical display. The instantaneous value of the measured parameters and set limits, such as the normal limits, alarm limits and risk limits, and can also display the front output voltage is displayed. (2) parameter settings. All normal (OK), alarm (the ALERT) and dangerous (DANGER) values can be accessed through the "switch" and "button" to set or modify. (3) status display and switching output power. LED lightemitting diode display three operating states, such as "OK LED lights that parameter in a normal state; the ALERT LED light indicates that the parameter exceeds the alarm of investment value; DANGER LED light indicates the parameter exceeds the risk of settings. These states have a corresponding switch of the relay status outputs for sound and light alarm or interdiction unit. (4) buffer input function. After buffering, the measured

parameters can be display on the front panel coaxial connectors and rear terminals for external data management system for fault diagnosis analysis. (5) programmable to select the recording drive signal type function. Parameters measured by the isolation, amplification and conversion of the rear terminal output to the recorder records required by signal 0 ~ 10V; 4 ~ 20mA, and +1 ~ +5 V signal types can be hard Connector programming choices. (6) by inhibiting the function. Instant power-on or power, in order to avoid interference and cause false alarms with instant alarm suppression. (7) channel bypass function. System with programmable to select the "dangerous bypass and channel bypass function, the former for the maintenance of a monitor, not to relay false alarms caused by" dangerous "due to other causal factors; the latter is dual-channel monitor in the bypass channel of a nonOK state, another channel can continue to work, two channel bypass, then the whole monitor completely ineffective. (8) alarm function. Set the priority order of the parameters important in some monitors at the same time "alarm" or "dangerous" state, the alarm in time. In addition, the system also has a power-on self-test function, periodic self-test features and user-initiated self-test function. Second, the power supply module 3500/15 1 Overview 3500/15 power supply is a half-height standard modules, specially designed tank installed in the frame on the left. The 3500 framework can install one or two optional power supply (can be any combination of AC and DC power). Any one power supply can supply to the entire framework. If you install two power supplies, the second power supply can be used as back-up use of the basic power. Equipped with a standby power, will not affect the operation of the rack when removing and installing a power supply module. View before and after the 3500/15 power module shown in Figure 10-30. 10-30 3500/15 power module before and after view Two. Type of power Bentley 3500 monitoring system can accept three types of power: AC power, high voltage DC power supply and low

voltage DC power supply. Using two types of power input module (PIM), the AC power of the 3500 monitoring system acceptable to the two AC input voltage range: high voltage alternating current PIM acceptable from the acceptance of 175 ~ 250V (AC) RMS input, low-voltage AC PIM from 85 ~ 125V (AC) RMS input. The high-voltage DC power supply provides 88 ~ 140V DC input, low-voltage DC 20 ~ 30V (DC) DC input. 3. Power usage 3500 monitoring system using a single power supply to run under full load when using a single power supply, it is recommended that a single power supply installed in the upper position. When the framework is equipped with two power supplies, power to the lower part of the notch as the main power supply, the upper notch power supply as a backup power supply. If the main power supply fails, the supply of standby power for the framework and will not interrupt the run of the 3500 monitoring system. Each power supply will give an independent power distribution network power s upply, which guarantees the failure of any of the power distribution network (for example: +5 V power supply shortcircuit) do not affect the second power supply. When using the standby module with the requirements of the two power supply. (4) the power ground wire connection To avoid ground loops, the system must provide a single point grounding, the power input module provides a switch to choose. If you installed two power supplies, two switches need to be transferred to the same location. Factory when the power input module, the switch is transferred to off (the CLOSED), the grounding system by the end (END) diverted to the terminal connector, if the system is grounded in another place, such as using an external security device, the need to switch to (the OPENED) . Switch to (the OPENED) position, follow these steps: (1) removal of wires from the terminal connector protection cover; (2) Remove the edge of the cross slot screws, the screws used to secure the power input module metal cover piece;

(3) to loosen the shell on the ground clip of the two screws, the screws in the terminal connector and remove the ground clip of the shell; (4) Remove the metal cover piece at the bottom of the thin metal film, the terminal connector over the metal cover piece; (5) switching to the location of the open (the OPENED); (6) metal cover piece and shell ground clip on the power input module reset. Third, the speed monitoring module 3500/50 (A) Overview 3500/50 monitoring module is a two-channel speed monitor, it can receive signals from the eddy current sensors or magnetic sensors to determine the rotor speed, rotor acceleration or direction of rotation of the rotor. It, these measurements the amount of user-programmable alarm points, the corresponding alarm is issued when more than alarm point. The monitor can use the 3500 Rack Configuration Software is programmed, it can be configured for the following four different types: (1) speed monitoring, alarm and speed of set point with alarm (2) speed monitoring, set point alarm and zero speed indicator (3) speed monitoring, set point alarm and rotor acceleration alarm (4) speed monitoring, set point alarm and reverse directions 3500/50 can be configured as a key to believe that number, to the 3500 framework backplane for use by other monitoring module, so you do not have to install a key phase in the framework module. 3500/50, there is a peak hold function; it can be stored in the machine had reached the highest speed, the maximum reverse speed or reverse number (depending on the type of the selected channel). These peak user can reset clear. Magnetic sensor does not use the reverse option, because these sensors at low speed can not provide a clear edge detection circuit, which will cause the error of the reverse directions. The magnetic sensor is not recommended to use the zero-speed option, because these sensors at low engine speeds, the same can not provide a clear edge detection circuit. 3500/50 the factory is not configured, when necessary, the

3500/50 insert the 3500 framework, and configuration to complete the necessary monitoring functions. 3500/50 before and after the speed module panel shown in Figure 10-31. 10-31 3500/50 tachometer module before and after view (B) 3500/50 the basic functions of the speed module is: protect the machine, constantly compare machine speed and is configured to set the alarm value is used to drive the alarm; operational and maintenance staff to provide a very important machine speed information. Using the 3500 Rack Configuration Software to set the alarm parameters. Set point for each activation of the proportion of the value of the report of the configuration warning (alarm), alarm set point (alarm 2) for the two active proportion of the value of configuration dangerous. A module status values (1) OK It identifies the module to run correctly. In any of the following conditions, the module will return the value of the non-OK state: 1) module hardware failure; 2) the node voltage failure; 3) configuration failure; 4) sensor failure; 5) Slot ID failure; 6) the channel is non-OK (in addition to trigger a non-OK). If the module OK status into a non-OK, and then the OK relay in the framework of the interface module will be driven into a non-OK to. (2) The warning / alarm It indicates that the monitoring module has entered the warning / alarm a state. When the module provides speed exceeds its configuration warning / alarm set point, the module will enter the warning / alarm 1 status. (3) danger / alarm It indicates that the monitor module has entered the danger / alarm 2. When the module provides the speed value exceeds its configured danger / alarm 2 set point, the module will enter

the danger / alarm 2 status. (4) bypass When the alarm of the module bypass a channel or more the proportion of value, it identifies. A channel bypass state is set, the bypass status of this module have been set. (5). Configuration failure It identifies the monitoring module configuration is incorrect. (6). Zero speed effective It identifies for zero tachometer zero-speed alarm function has been effective, this status is activated: (2) module channel status (1) OK It identifies whether the failure to the appropriate module channel detection. A non-OK state will be returned in any of the following conditions: 1) sensor failure; 2) the probe gap OK testing failed; 3) channel-specific hardware failure; 4) The conditions include trigger Not OK; 5) of the input signal frequency higher than 20kHz; 6) the sensor input signal frequency is below the specified minimum frequency value; 7) the input speed is higher than 99999r/min; 8) in a rotating cycle, changes in the input signal is equal to or higher than 50%; 9) zero speed comparison of the percentage (% Comparison) detection failed. (2) The warning / alarm Indicates that the channel of the monitoring module has entered the warning / alarm 1.When the channel any speed ratio value exceeds its configuration warning / alarm set point, the channel will enter the warning / alarm 1 status. (3) danger / alarm Indicates the monitor module channel has entered the danger / alarm 2. When the speed ratio of any channel value exceeds the danger of its configuration / alarm set point, the channel will enter the danger / alarm 2 status. (4) bypass It identifies the channel to bypass the alarm of the proportion of one or more values. The following conditions will result in

the channel in the bypass state: 1) the tachometer never configuration module; 2) tachometer module is in configuration mode; 3) tachometer channel configuration error; 4) The tachometer module is in the power-on self-test status; 5) In the self-test when a fatal error; 6) channel configuration at zero speed; 7) alarm software switch bypass; 8) Framework alarm suppression to be effective. (5) Off It identifies the channel is closed. Monitoring module channel configuration in the framework of the software off (inactive). (C) configuration information 3500/50 tachometer module must have a correct configuration in order to ensure normal operation. Configuration information, then use the framework configuration software to set options and configuration downloaded to the module. 3500 monitoring system framework configuration utility guides detailing how to install and use the framework configuration software. (1) monitoring module option When a configuration download to the 3500 framework, enter a six character identification. (1) slot I / O module type I / O area for the type of logo inserted in the back of the monitor module, I / O modules, the option must be selected and installed I / O module type. (2) channel type Refers to the type of channel monitoring. Module channel type of speed, rotor speed and acceleration, zero speed. Alarm function, zero tachometer dual-channel input. When the monitor module is configured as a zero tachometer, two channels must be configured as a zero-speed channel. (3) activation Used to select the channel features on or off (4) option Used to display the configuration options of the selected channel type button. (2) the rotor speed channel option Configuration of the rotor speed channel, the issues to be considered and the corresponding framework of the

configuration software screen displays as follows. (1) issues to be considered in the configuration of the rotor speed channel 1) external security does not yet support 11mm and 14mm eddy current sensor; 2) 3500 speed modules do not support the 3000 series of the eddy current sensor; 3) Only in the activation of the proportion of value in order to set the parameter point; 4) When the full-scale range has been modified, and the corresponding set point value of the ratio also need to be modified; 5) the ratio of the peak velocity value does not provide the alarm function, the peak velocity for display purposes only; 6) monitoring of low speed, it is recommended not to use magnetic sensors, magnetic sensors at low speed signal amplitude is too small; 7) the proportion of update speed and alarm response time depends on the input frequency when the input frequency is low, they may be very slow. (2) the configuration options of the rotor speed channel 1) Enable (Enable): the proportion of value ("" to can, "" is prohibited), the value specified channel. Channel type of rotor speed, velocity and peak velocity ratio value is always enabled. 2) speed (Speed): the axis of rotation speed, in units of r / min. 3) Speed range (Speed Band): a sign of a specific speed range, the speed outside this range is not conducive to the operation of the machine. 4) peak velocity (Speed Band): Since the latch reset since the last peak speed, tachometer record speed. Module after power off, the tachometer be able to keep the peak velocity. 5) full-scale range: speed and speed range of the scale value is the ability to set the full scale range. If not have the required full scale value in the drop-down list, select the custom (Custom). The peak velocity of the default value for the speed ratio of the full scale value. 6) The recorder output: supply 4 ~ 20mA proportional value of the recorder. 4 ~ 20mA output proportional to the proportion of full-scale value selected. If the channel is bypassed, the

output value will be clamped at the value of selected clamp, or clamp 2mA (If you choose to 2mA clamp position). 7) the threshold: a trigger signal of the sensor voltage level (hysteresis voltage is zero). 8) Automatic: The trigger threshold is automatically set to the positive peak and negative peak in the middle of the value of most of the input signal. This value follows the input signal changes. Automatic threshold minimum signal amplitude to 1V PP value minimum frequency 0.0167Hz. 9) Manual: trigger threshold set by the user, the value of +9.9 ~-23.9V. Manual threshold minimum signal amplitude is 500mV PP value. 10) Adjustment: Select the manual threshold for the display settings dialog box of the manual threshold voltage. 11) hysteresis voltage: hysteresis voltage is near the threshold voltage (1/2 strong 1/2 weak) to generate the trigger pulse voltage required. For example, when the input voltage is higher than the threshold voltage plus 1/2 of the hysteresis voltage, generate the trigger. Hysteresis voltage value, the greater the noise resistance of the input signal, the better. The hysteresis voltage is set to any value between 0.2 ~ 2.5V. The formation of the trigger pulse signal shown in Figure 10-32. Figure 10-32 speed pulse signal diagram 12) alarm delay: speed ratio values reach or exceed the alarm set point, to meet or exceed the alarm set point, being in the alarm speed range before an alarm is triggered, the proportion of value needs to keep time. 13) warning / alarm 1: when the sensor input signal to the selected warning / alarm 1 set point, resulting in the first level of alarm. For all the ratio values are generally warning / alarm delay time is set to 1s (60s optional). 14) danger / alarm 2: when the sensor input signal to the selected risk / Alarm 2 set point, resulting in the second level of alarm. For all the ratio values are generally hazardous / alarm delay time set to 0.1s (1 ~ 60s optional). 15) the signal polarity: groove, a monitor output pulse, which consists of the negative pulse input signal edge trigger. The pulse generated by the key phase probe to monitor the shaft groove. If you are using a magnetic sensor, Please groove / Boss options set in the bay state, this is

because in most cases, the positive half cycle above 10V signal will be trimmed away. Boss, a monitor output pulse, jump on the input signal CKS pulse edge triggered. This pulse axis by monitoring the boss key phase probe. 16) to provide plastic believe: plastic key is a digital clock signal, the monitoring module and external diagnostic equipment to use it to measure the vector data, such as an octave amplitude, phase. 3500 tachometer after the plastic key signal to the backplane of the 3500 System, for use by other monitoring module. Tachometer channel 1 drive high key channel of the module. Tachometer channel 2 drive high key module channel. 17) sensor options: for the rotor speed channel sensor type: 3300 5mm eddy current sensor; 7500 5mm eddy current sensor; 3300 8mm eddy current sensor; 7200 8mm eddy current sensor; 7200 11mm eddy current sensor; 7200 14mm eddy current sensor ; magnetic sensors. 18) a custom button: used to activate the OK threshold voltage detection. If you choose a non-standard sensor can also adjust the OK limits. OK limit on the lower limit of the difference between the minimum is 2V. 19) voltage detection state: the DC voltage of the sensor output to be monitored surface and the end of the eddy current probe directly proportional to the grant clearance. OK limit refers to the upper and lower limit voltage within this range, the eddy current probe is considered the OK. OK cap voltage is more negative voltage, OK to the lower limit of voltage is less negative voltage (close to OV). OK limit, as the use of different sensors varies. Select OK to limit the upper and lower limits to select the button, you can start to probe additional check to make tachometer able to distinguish between the status of probe failure and machine downtime. These options is selected, when the probe is OK and the machine downtime, triggers OK status remains OK. All eddy current sensor provides a default OK limit. Only non-standard sensor, you only need to change the limit of the sensor OK, OK to the limits shown in Table 10-3. Table 10-3 OK the upper and lower limits The probes OK ceiling of OK lower limit of the gap voltage Band

Security without Security device belt Security without Security device belt Security without Security detector 3300-5mm-16.80V-16.80V-2.70V-2.70V-9.75V-9.75V 3300-8mm-16.80V-16.80V-2.70V-2.70V-9.75V-9.75V 7200-5mm-16.80V-16.80V-2.70V-2.70V-9.75V-9.75V 7200-8mm-16.80V-16.80V-2.70V-2.70V-9.75V-9.75V 7200-11mm-19.70V N / A-3.50V N / A-11.60V N / A 7200-14mm 16.80V N / A-2.70V N / A-9.75V N / A Magnetic sensor N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A N / A 20) Alarm mode: atresia. Per revolution maximum number of events once the alarm is activated, although the proportion of the value has dropped below the configured alarm set point, the alarm remains active. Access will be maintained in the alarm state until reset in the following ways: (1) Press the reset switch of the frame in front of the interface module; The closed framework to reset the contact interface I / O modules; in the framework configuration software or the operator display software select the framework of the reset command; The reset command issued through the communications gateway module. not latch. When the alarm is activated, the proportion of value drops below the set alarm set point, alarm back to the inactive. When the probe signal to an alarm set value, it should be issued an alarm that is, warning / alarm 1. When the probe signal to the two alarm settings, it should issue the two alarm that danger / alarm 2. Warning / alarm and danger / alarm 2 set the alarm set point screen. (C) zero-speed channel options Configuration of the zero-speed channel, the issues to be considered and the corresponding frame configuration software screen display with the rotor speed is roughly the same channel. 4, displacement monitoring module 3500/40 (A) Overview 3500/40 monitoring module is a four-channel displacement

monitor, it receives the displacement signal output by the eddy current sensor, and use this input drive alarm.3500/40 by the 3500 framework configuration software configuration and has the following functions: radial vibration, axial position, eccentricity and differential expansion. This module can receive many kinds of displacement sensor input signal. The main purpose of the displacement monitoring is to provide the following information to operators and maintenance personnel: (1) to the alarm point of the current value of the machine vibration and configuration compared to drive the alarm so as to achieve the purpose of protection of the machine; important machine vibration information. The alarm point is set by the configuration software of the 3500/40 framework. Alarm point can be configured as a valid scale value. And hazard warning can be configured as a proportion of the value of two. 3500/40 not been configured in the factory transportation, when needed, 3500/40 can be inserted into 3500 framework and configuration monitoring. Before and after the 3500/40 monitoring module panel shown in Figure 10-33. 10-33 3500/40 displacement monitoring module before and after view (B) 3500/40 displacement monitoring module according to the proportion of different types of configuration channel value is different from monitor to monitor status and channel status. Its status display is common. A working state value The following status is provided by the displacement monitoring module This section describes the status and where you can find them. (1) to monitor the status 1) OK. It is used to indicate the displacement monitoring module is working properly, when a state of any of the following occur, it will produce a non-OK state. Damage module hardware; 2) node voltage error; 3) the sensor signal is not normal; 4) configuration failed;

5) identification of the slot is wrong. When the monitor is in a non-OK state, the framework interface I / O module system OK relay will drive a non-OK state. 2) warning / an alarm (Alert/Alarm1). This status is used to indicate the displacement monitoring into the warning / an alarm condition. A police point, the monitor will enter the warning once any one of the scale value exceeds the warning / / an alarm condition. 3) Risk / two alarm (Danger/Alarm2). It is used to indicate the displacement of the monitor into the dangerous / two alarm status. Ratio of any of the values provided by the monitor is more than dangerous / two alarm points in the configuration, the monitor into the dangerous / two-alarm status. 4) bypass. That one or both of the ratio of one channel of the monitor has crossed the alarm. When a channel is set to bypass mode, the monitor should be set to bypass state. 5) configuration error. That monitor configuration is correct. 6) specialized alarm suppression. Indicate whether all monitors in the main warning / alarm 1 alarm is suppressed. The following state is effective: the displacement monitoring module on the alert suppression joints Close (); The software dedicated channel alarm suppression effective. (2) channel status 1) OK. Used to represent the displacement monitoring channel is working properly. 2) The warning / alarm 1. Indicates that the monitor channel has entered the warning / alarm a state. When any ratio provided by the channel over its warning / alarm set point, the channel will enter the warning / alarm 1 status. 3) danger / alarm 2. Instructions related to the monitoring device has entered the danger / alarm 2 status. When any ratio provided by the channel over its warning / alarm set point, the channel will enter the danger / alarm 2 status. 4) bypass. It is used to indicate the displacement monitor channel to bypass the channel more than one scale value. Bypass state the following reasons: The sensor channel is configured for the time OK channel failure;

 The channel phase sensor is invalid, causing all proportion values are bypassed; (3) displacement monitor detected a severe internal error. 5) specializes in alarm suppression. It is used to indicate a secondary warning / an alarm is suppressed, the following circumstances, this status is activated: The displacement alarm on the monitor I / O modules to inhibit the contacts are closed; The software dedicated alarm inhibit the activation. 6) to Off state. It is used to indicate the channel is closed. Framework configuration software can be displacement monitor channel closed. (3) the proportion of value The scale value is used for monitoring machine vibration measurement value can be obtained from the displacement monitor radial vibration, axial position, differential expansion, eccentricity ratio values. (C) configuration information A software configuration options This section describes a few basic configuration screen display used to analyze the framework configuration software configuration 3500/40 displacement monitoring module. (1) 3500/40 configuration options 1) slot I / O module type. I / O area to enable you to identify the type of I / O modules, this module is attached to the 3500/40 behind, the option was chosen to be consistent with the I / O module assembly. 2) Discrete I / O 3500/40 each have their own I / O modules. discrete internal: the sensor field wiring directly connected to the 3500/40 I / O modules; The discrete external I / O: sensor field wiring and the external terminal blocks, and then through the 24-pin cable from the external terminal block connected to the 3500/40 on the module. 3) channels 1 and 2, 3 and 4. All the options in this area are two channels of the channel configuration. Channel type is defined to be the type of monitoring. Radial vibration, axial position, differential expansion, eccentric, if not the key phase, can use this setting.Once this identification, only the passband amplitude value and the gap voltage, this area will

automatically channel identification (such as axial benefits and differential expansion). 4) key phase. Construction phase channel used to measure the spare key phase sensor axis reference information when the key phase sensor is marked as invalid. 5) backup key phase. Chosen key phase channel is put into use after the primary key phase invalid, in the absence of a spare key phase, use the same key phase channel to make the preferred key phase. (2) radial vibration channel options 1) before the configuration of the radial vibration channel shall consider the following: elected "key phase", 1X amplitude and phase, 2X amplitude and phase, non-1X amplitude Smax amplitude, are invalid. The elected Keyphasor channel, the key phase module shall be installed in the frame. each scale value allowed by the full scale according to the model of the sensor selection. current external security does not support 11mm, 14mm front device. (5) set point is only allowed to set on the work of the proportion of value. The monitor to be paired configuration (for example: Channel 1 and 2 configuration for the radial vibration channels 3 and 4 configuration for the axial position). The full-scale modified proportional so that the value of set point to be re-adjustments. Set sensitivity and gain the best before setting the zero position. frequency value, 1X amplitude, 2X amplitude, non-1X amplitude Smax amplitude configuration range by the full scale value X gain limit. 2) in the radial vibration channel configuration of the surface of the main options: The timing OK channel is not passed. Shown 30s after the channel sensor to maintain OK, the view that this channel is normal. This is a feature in the radial vibration channels work, this option protects the error caused due to intermittent sensor signal.

 effectiveness. A work ratio value indicates that this value of the resulting channel (valid or invalid). frequency value. This data represents the peak - peak vibration values, the all-pass frequency response in the selected frequency components are included in this value. The gap. Said eddy current sensor probe end to measure the physical distance between the surface. This distance can be used displacement to represent, can also be used voltage to represent. The 1X amplitude. That occurred in a complex vibration signal, the amplitude component in the frequency of the current operating speed. The 1X phase. Indicates part of a complex vibration signal, the phase delay occurs in the frequency of speed. 2X amplitude. Said amplitude component in a complex vibration signal at twice the speed frequency. 2X phase. Expressed in a complex vibration signal at twice the speed of frequency, phase delay part of 2X phase angle measurement (from the key phase pulse rising edge to the 2X vibration signal of the first positive peak of the angle). non-1X amplitude. In addition to the speed frequency outside the passband amplitude in a complex vibration signal. (2) axial position of the channel option (1) axial position of the channel configuration of points The axial position of the channel configuration should consider the following: 1) "keyless" is automatically set; 2) axial full-scale range determined by the type of sensor; 3) zero position voltage range by the axial and the pass frequency of the full-scale decisions; 4) The monitor must be paired configuration (eg, channels 1 and 2 configuration, the axial position, the channel 3 and 4 is configured as a radial vibration); 5) modified the full-scale range, proportional to the alarm point to be reset. (2) axial position of the channel configuration options 1) frequency value. Rotor axial relative to the average change of position or location of a reference, this value can mils or display the value of this ratio support center center zero and non-zero range.

2) gap. The physical distance between the non-contact probe and the measured surface voltage. Standard polarity conventions that increase the output signal of self-interstitial reduction. 3) Clamp value. When a channel, the proportion of the value of bypass or invalid, the value achieved by a proportional value, this value between the minimum and maximum full scale value selectable, when the proportion of value is invalid, only the value obtained from the 3500/40 clamped at a certain value. 3500/40, 4-20mA recorder output, 4-20mA recorder output, please use the 3500/42. 4) OK mode. lock: If a channel is configured to lock OK to, once the channel is in non-OK state has been to continue to reset the lock non-OK state by the following methods to reset: the reset switch on the frame interface module; framework interface I / O contacts on the module; software reset button; issuing a reset command through the communication module. Non-lock: OK in the state of the channel will change with the changes in the state of the sensor OK. 5) delay. Before the alarm is activated, the proportion of value remains above the alarm level. 6) dangerous. Issued a second alarm when the sensor signal exceeds the selected risk / two alarm points. This alarm can be set within the set point display. 7) 100 ms, options, of 100 ms option only for the dangerous time delay. When a closed 100 ms, options: dangerous time delay for the 1s time interval (from 1s to 6s); the proportion of values can be set the danger alarm time delay. When the 100 ms option is on: the risk of time delay set to 100 ms; this dangerous time delay only for the major proportion of the value of setting. 8) the zero position (through frequency value). That relative to the value proportional to the frequency channel on the ruler's zero indication of the value of the DC voltage of the sensor, the amount of adjustment allowed by the passband of full scale and OK to limit the voltage limit, to ensure maximum zero position adjustment amount, the probe as far as possible close to OK to limit the voltage within the center of

the gap voltage. 9) control. Adjust the voltage of the zero position, when this button is pressed, the program help you to set the zero position, because the program from the 3500 framework to provide activation feedback, so be connected with the framework. 10) sensor. The following type of sensor on the axial position of the channel: 3300 - 8mm front device; 7200 - 5 mm front device; 7200 - 8mm front device; 7200 - 11mm front device; 7200 - 14mm front device . Fifth, differential expansion of the monitoring module 3500/45 (A) Overview 3500/45 monitoring module is a receive eddy current sensor (Bentley 25, 35 and 50mm range range of eddy current sensors), the rotary position sensor (RPT), a linear converter sensor (LVDT) and rotary potentiometer input signal 4-channel monitor. Its input signals are processed, and processing signals and user programmable alarm settings were compared. Application 3500 Rack Configuration Software, 3500/45 can be programmed to accomplish the following functions: axial (lateral) position of differential expansion standard single bevel differential expansion non-standard single-bevel differential expansion dual bevel differential expansion compensating differential expansion shell expansion valve position 3500/45 monitor's main function is: by the monitoring parameters and set the alarm point for continuous comparison and drive the police, to provide mechanical protection. for operating personnel and maintenance personnel to provide the basic machine. Monitor channel pair programming, each able to complete up to two of these functions.Channels 1 and 2 to complete a function, and channels 3 and 4 to achieve another (or same) feature. However, only the channel 3 and 4 shell inflation monitoring.

3500/45 differential expansion of the panel shown in Figure 10-34 before and after the monitoring module. Figure 10-34 3500/45 inflation differential monitoring module before and after view (B) The differential expansion of the monitor can be returned depends on the proportion of the value of the channel configuration. The monitor also returned for all types of channels are common to monitor the channel status. A. Monitor module status (1) OK. That the monitor can be run properly. In any of the following conditions will return a non-OK state. 1) The module hardware error; 2) the node voltage failure; 3) sensor failure; 4) configuration failure; 5) slots to identify the error. If the monitor is changed from the OK state to a non-OK state, the OK relay system in the framework of interface input / output modules will be driven to a non-OK state. (2) The warning / alarm 1. That the monitor has a warning / alarm 1 status. When any ratio of a monitor exceeds its warning / alarm set point, the monitor will enter the warning / alarm 1 status. (3) danger / alarm. The monitor has entered the danger / alarm 2 status. Any ratio of a monitor than it dangerous / Alarm 2 set point, the monitor will enter the danger / alarm 2 status. (4) bypass. This status indicates that the ratio of one or two of a channel, the monitor has crossed the alarm. When a channel is set to bypass mode, the monitor should be set to bypass state. (5) configuration error. This indicates that the monitor configuration is correct. (6) specifically inhibit the alarm. This indicates whether all monitor warning / alarm 1 alarm is suppressed. The following states is valid when the alert suppression: on the displacement, velocity, acceleration, input / output module connector Close (); The software dedicated channel alarm

suppression have to pay. 2 channel status (1) OK. This indicates that the monitor channel to check for errors. (2) The warning / alarm 1. This indicates that the monitor channel has entered the warning / alarm 1 status. When any ratio provided by the channel over its warning / alarm set point, the channel will enter the warning / alarm 1 status. (3) danger / alarm. This indicates that the monitor has entered the danger / alarm 2 status. When any ratio provided by the channel over its warning / alarm set point, the channel will enter the danger / alarm 2 status. (4) bypass: This indicates that the monitor channel has been bypassed one or two-channel ratio. A bypass state may have the reason: a sensor non-OK or timed normal / channel failure; The monitor has found a very serious internal error. (5) specifically inhibit the alarm. Indicates whether all relevant monitor channel alarm / alarm an alarm is suppressed. The following states are valid: The alarm suppression system contact monitor input / output modules is closed; a software dedicated channel alarm suppression effective. (6) shut down. Indicates that the channel has been closed. Framework configuration software to turn off the monitor channel. (3) the proportion of value The proportion of value is used to monitor the machine's vibration or displacement of the measured value. By the differential expansion of the monitor back to the proportion of value is described below. (1) differential expansion 1) frequency value: the physical distance between the noncontact probe of the Ministry and to observe the surface through the frequency value of units of mils or inchs. 2) the gap: the physical distance between the non-contact probe surface and to observe the surface, the gap in units of volt measurement. (2) The compensation input differential expansion 1) Composite: differential expansion of the rotation of the rotor

is installed with the compensation of two non-contact probes to measure. In this way, the rotation range of the measured value is twice that of a single non-contact probe range. Monitoring Used to calculate the composite value from a ratio of two non-contact probe. 2) frequency value: if the differential expansion of the rotor only and a non-contact probe, through the frequency range of the value of the ratio of half of the composite range. 3) the gap: the physical distance between the non-contact probe surface and to observe the surface, the gap in units of volt measurement. This is kind of important data of each channel, you can put these data into the register of the information channel module. (C) configuration information A. Compensated input differential expansion (of CIDE) channel configuration issues Before the configuration complementary input differential expansion (of CIDE) channel, to note the following: (1) automatically selects the "no key" for the types of channel options. (2) compensation input differential expansion (of CIDE) measurements require the use of the channel for two channels with differential expansion measurements of single-channel combination. Two probe arrangement to compensate for the way to expand the measurement range and measurement range can be expanded to twice the range of a single probe. A typical installation is shown in Figure 10-35. Figure 10-35 probe installation (3) channel in the form of monitoring device configuration, such as configuration composed of a channel on Channel 1 and Channel 2 as a non-standard type of bevel-style singlechannel differential expansion monitor; configuration for channels 3 and 4 constitute the channel as the other types of channels. (4) a combination of full-scale modified channel on two channels, and settings related to the proportion of value in respect of re-adjustment. (5) channel for each channel type of sensor. (6) cut-off voltage (COV), is the gap voltage of the sensor to

monitor the voltage to switch between the two sensors. Limited by mechanical and electrical losses, the arrangement of sensor gap should ensure that the cut-off voltage (COV) are equal.Sensor cut-off voltage (COV), the definition of intermediate values for the combination of full scale. For example: When the two probes are in the cut-off voltage (COV), the combination of reading should be the middle scale value. Cut-off over-voltage (COV), depending on the combination of full scale and type of sensors. (7) above the scale instructions can channel (1,2) probe 1 and the channel (3,4) probe as a benchmark. (8) lock OK mode and non-OK-channel failure is not compatible. (9) to zero voltage depends on the type of sensor, the combination of full scale. (10) through the frequency of full scale is half of the full scale of the combination and can not be set by the user. (11) through the frequency of zero represent the respective channel cut-off voltage (COV) through frequency ratio of the value of the above scale to indicate to always point the probe. Compensated input CIDE differential expansion of the channel configuration options Following sensor types: 7200 - 11mm front device; 7200 - 14mm front device; 25mm-to expand the range of predevice; 35mm-to expand the range of pre-device; 50mm-to expand range range front. (1) custom button. Used to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor. If you choose the type of sensor for non-standard type, OK limit can also be adjusted. Non-standard types of sensitivity of the sensor range should be between 8.5 ~ 230mV/mil. At the same time, maximum and minimum OK limit of at least a difference of 2V. (2) Combination clamp value. Only when the bypass or failure (such as a sensor problem), the combination of the proportion of value to reflect the combination of clamping values. Between the maximum and minimum portfolio value range, you can choose the value. When the proportion of value is not valid, the only valid value was only of the communication network module is fixed to the specialized value.

(3) The recorder output. Recorder output 4 ~ 20mA proportional value. The combination of the proportion of value is the only option. Recorder output is proportional to the value measured by the combination of full scale. The combination of scale value scale on the bar graph indicate engraved rise will lead to the rise of the recorder output current value.If the channel to any channel is bypassed, the output value will be fixed at the value of the selected clamp or 2mA (if selected by the clamp value is 2mA). (4) delay. When the time in the alarm limit or exceeds the high alarm limit or below the low alarm limit before the alarm, the ratio value should be retained. (5) warning. When the warning / alarm sensor signal exceeds a selected level settings, a limit alarm generated. The settings can be set through the screen of the investment value. All the effective proportion of the value, the alarm time delay set time interval to 1s (from 1 to 60s). (6) dangerous. When the sensor signal exceeds the selected warning / alarm two settings, the two limit alarm is generated. The settings can be set through the settings screen. (7) the 100ms options. 100ms (typical) option is used only for the dangerous time delay and the following circumstances: 1) 100ms option is invalid: the risk of time delay set to 1s time interval (from 1 ~ 6s); dangerous time delay can be set for any two valid scale value. 2) If the 100ms options: dangerous time delay set to 100ms; dangerous time delay can only be set as the basic scale value. (8) alarm mode. Once the alarm is activated, the standards limit the proportion of value has fallen to the configuration settings, the alarm is still retained. Using the following methods to reset to eliminate the channel alarm: The frame in front of the interface module's reset switch; operating software on the reset button; (3) the communications gateway module reset command. When the sensor signal exceeds the selected value, resulting in an overrun alarm warning alarm; the two limit alarm danger alarm when the sensor signal exceeds the selected

value. Warning and risk value can be set by set point screen. Six keys module 3500/25 (A) Overview The improved 3500/25 key phase detector module is a halfheight, 2-channel module, used to believe in the framework of the 3500 monitoring system, vibration monitoring module key number. This module receives input signals from the eddy current sensor or magnetic sensor, and convert this signal to the signals for the numeric keys, the digital signal to indicate when the shaft key mark key phase probe. 3500 Monitor machinery protection systems can receive four keys to believe, believe that each key is a digital synchronous signal pulse. The key I believe is from the axis of rotation or gear once per revolution or per revolution number of pulse signals, to provide accurate time measurement. Allows 3500 monitor module and an external fault diagnostic equipment used to measure such as the 1X amplitude and phase of the vibration signal vector parameters. 3500/25 before and after the phase detector module panel shown in Figure 10-36. Figure 10-36 3500/25 key phase detector module before and after view Each key module can receive two signals from the eddy current sensors or magnetic sensors. The input signal range of-0.8V to-21.0V (non-isolated I / O modules) and +5 V to-11V (insulated I / O modules). Module can be limiting, the signal must not exceed this range. Passive electromagnetic sensors require the shaft speed is greater than 200rpm (3.3Hz). The key sensor use the following two: (1) redundant key phase sensor ways: in each measurement location, furnished with two independent key phase sensor. This arrangement provides the primary and standby input signal, a fault-tolerant highest performance and most reliable way. In this case, the main and standby input signal and connected to the respective keys module. (2) single bond relative to the sensor way: This arrangement requires only a key phase sensor signal received from the sensor cable input to the two keys module. (B) The key phase module from each key phase sensor records the measured speed value.Speed as a basic parameter is the

communications gateway module and the framework for interface module. The key phase detector module can also return to the module and channel status. A. Keys module status (1) OK. The status indicator keys module is working correctly. One of the following situations will not get the normal (OK): 1) node voltage error; 2) module hardware error; 3) key signal more than 20kHz; 4) a multi-channel bypass; 5) configuration error; 6) slots to identify the error. If the module OK status indicator is non-normal (OK), then the system in the framework of interface input and output module relay OK indicates that will be displayed abnormal state. (2) configuration error. This status indicates that the key to the phase detector module is invalid. (3) Bypass: The state indicates that the keys module has been bypassed. The following situations will lead to the key module bypass: 1) key module is not configured; 2) key module in the configuration mode; 3) self-test found a fatal error; 4) The channel configuration is invalid; 5) any one channel bypass. (4) normal channel status (OK). This status indicates that the channel error is detected, one of the following will return to the normal state (NOTOK): 1) node voltage error; 2) The module hardware error has occurred; 3) believe the key than 1r/min; 4) key signal more than 99999 r / min; 5) button to believe in a cycle of changes in amplitude equal to or more than 50%; 6) relative to the sensor error; 7) The key signal more than 20kHz; 8) one or more channels bypass; 9) configuration error; 10) slot gap error.

(5) bypass. This status indicates that the relevant keys to the phase detector module channel has been bypassed. The following circumstances will result in the bypass of channels: 1) key module is not configured; 2) key module in the configuration mode; 3) self-test found a fatal error; 4) channel configuration is invalid; 5) any one channel bypass. (C) configuration information Key phase orientation and configuration information of the number of pulses per revolution is directly connected to the monitor and in the framework of the 3500 system.When these parameters change, and change the key monitoring configuration should be sent to the framework of the 3500 system. When the configuration information is sent to the 3500 framework, there will be a unique six-character identifier. A. Signal polarity (1) groove (keyway). Produce an output pulse for use by the monitoring system. The pulse is triggered by a reverse pulse edge in the input signal. Through the groove in the key phase sensors to monitor the shaft to generate the pulse of this type. If you are using the electromagnetic sensor, then the set of grooves / Boss is the best choice for the groove, because in most cases, the positive half of the signal will be brought low. (2) Boss. Produce an output pulse for use by the monitoring system, the pulse is triggered by a positive pulse edge in the input signal. Boss on the shaft key phase sensor measurements to produce the pulse of this type. The signal polarity and number of teeth diagram shown in Figure 10-37. Figure 10-37 signal polarity and number of teeth diagram Two. The number of pulses per turn Axis number of pulses per revolution key phase sensor signal. If the key sensor measurement over one tooth gear shaft, will each turn the number of pulses is set to the number of teeth of the gear, its effective range of 1 to 225. Overspeed protection module 3500/53 (A) Overview Bentley's 3500 series of mechanical detection system electronic overspeed detection system is highly reliable, redundant tachometer systems, fast response and dedicated

to rotating mechanical overspeed protection, the system meets the American Petroleum Institute standard on overspeed protection 670 and 612. 3500/53 modules can be used to form 2 2 or 2 out of 3 (recommended) voting system.The 3500 framework of the installation of speed detection system equipped with redundant power supplies. Each overspeed detection module receives the speed pulse signal from the eddy current sensor or magnetic sensor, and use this input signal drives the alarm. The input signal range is +10.0 V to-24.0V. Signal beyond this range will be limited. In order to achieve the purpose of protecting the machine, the module provides four rapid response to the alarm relay outputs. 3500/53 the most basic purpose of the overspeed protection system is: (1) to provide machine protection by continuously comparing the current engine speed and configuration, alarm set point to drive the alarm; machine speed information to the operational and maintenance personnel, the use of 3500 Rack Configuration Software to set the alarm point. Before and after the 3500/53 overspeed protection module panel shown in Figure 10-38. (B) three-channel overspeed protection system Figure 10-2 3500/53 overspeed protection module before and after view As part of the 3500 machine management and protection system, the 3500/53 three-channel overspeed protection system provides overspeed protection for high reliability.Three-channel overspeed protection system, including the 35800 framework, the 3500 framework of the power supply, interface module, and three independent overspeed protection module requires three separate sensor inputs. 3500/53 modules can be mounted to the framework the right of the interface module at any slot (15), but the three modules, the group must be adjacent to install. Each 3500 frame can only be installed in an overspeed monitoring channel.