CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Accidents are mishappening which result in loss of life and property.

In our day to day life accidents are very common. Air, railway, road accidents are sometimes very severe. Accidents can be reduced but cannot be eliminated. Accident affects the individual and his family life. Different job situations have different accident rates. A bus driver who drives through busy streets is more likely to have accidents than a driver driving crowd free roads. The accidents more occurs in mines shop floor than clerical work. 1.1. INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT: Accidents occurring in the industries are called industrial accidents. These are generally due to faulty equipment and machinery or negligence on the part of the workers. Proper precautions can reduce the accidents. There are always some causes for the occurring of the accidents. There are always some chances of accidents while working on the machinery and equipment. All industrial operations increase the chances of accidents. Proper training and knowledge should be given about the dangers of accidents. Accident occurs in industries due to faults of the workers. They can be negligent dis-interested in jobs and under the influence of intoxicants resulting in a higher number of accidents. 1.2 DEFINITION OF ACCIDENTS An event or mishappening that occurs unexpectedly is called an accident. 1.3 CHARECTERISTICS OF ACCIDENTS Accidents are unfortunate sudden happenings about which nothing is known in advance. Life and property are affected by accidents. Due to accidents work is stopped for a certain length of time. CHAPTER-2 CLASSIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS There are several methods of classifying the accidents. some of the methods are as follows:2.1. According to length of recovery from injury. 2.2. According to cause of events. 2.3. According to nature of events. 2.4. According to damage caused. 2.5. According to nature of injury. 2.6. Accidents caused on construction work. 2.1. ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF RECOVERY This is an important method of classifying the industrial accidents. This is further divided into three categories. 2.1.1. FIRST AID CASES The injuries due minor accidents are not serious. The workers are given first aid at the factory hospital. After getting the medical treatment at factory hospital, the worker can again start the work. In this type of accidents no time is lost except when the worker is receiving first aid treatment. No compensation is paid to the injured worker. 2.1.2. HOME CASE ACCIDENTS The injured worker is given preliminary treatment at the factory hospital and is allowed to go home. The worker recovers in this period and is ready to resume his duties. So, the worker loses the day, shift or turn of work in which the accident has taken place. This type of accidents do not involve any compensation to the workers as the workers do not fall under the preview of workmen's compensation act. 2.1.3. LOST TIME ACCIDENTS For these accidents, the factory has to pay compensation. The worker has to leave the work on account of accidents for more days in addition to the day, shift or turn in which the mishappening has taken place. The worker is generally admitted to the hospital. In this case temporary type permanent type of disablement may result. The accident may lead to enquiry and investigation if difference of option is found regarding the causes of the accidents. For example, the hand, arm, leg or any other part of the body is injured seriously or cut by the machine. 2.2. ACCORDING TO CAUSE OF EVENTS:2.2.1. MACHINE ACCIDENTS: Some example of machine accidents are given below:2.2.1.1. Catching of fingers, arms, clothing etc. in machine. 2.2.1.2. Catching of tool, guides etc. in machine. 2.2.1.3. Catching of fly objects or particles. 2.2.2. NON-MACHINE ACCIDENTS: These are common but generally less serious type accidents. Some examples are given below:2.2.2.1. Falling objects. 2.2.2.2. Objects on floor.

2.2.2.3. Pushes, bumps etc. by other persons objects. 2.3. ACCORDING TO NATURE OF EVENTS:2.3.1. TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: Collisions with pedestrians. Collisions with cars or buses. Collision with motor vehicles. 2.3.2 PASSENGERS ACCIDENTS: Boarding moving car or bus. Caught or struck by doors. Trips, slips, stumbles, fall etc. 2.4. ACCORDING TO DAMAGE CAUSED This classification is based on damage caused. Damage can be that of property, material or building. Some examples are given below: Damage to the store material. Partial or complete loss of container or contents. Damage to hand trucks. Damage to trolleys. Damage to belt conveyors, cranes or machines. 2.5. ACCORDING TO NATURE OF INJURY:This classification is as follows:2.5.1. FATAL ACCIDENTS:In such an accident, one or more persons are killed. 2.5.2. PERMANENT DISABLEMENT:Due to accident the worker loses earning capacity. The worker is not capable of earning that much money, which he was capable to earn before accident. Compensation is paid to the injured worker and the amount depends upon the disablement. For example this may cut his finger, arm or hand etc. So, permanent disablement is of two types. 1. Total disablement. 2. Partial disablement. 2.5.3) TEMPORARY DISABLEMENT:These accidents are less serious than of previous category. The worker is unfit temporarily and he loses his earning capacity for short time compensation is to be paid according to the workmen's compensation act. Fracture of an arm is an example of temporary disablement. 2.6. ACCIDENTS ON CONSTRUCTION WORK:Some examples are given below Falling of person. Slipping results inner strains of the body. Accident because of flying objects. Accident due to traffic. Burning and fire accidents. Electric shocks. Explosions.

Importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

n When hazards can not be eliminated through engineering and /or administrative controls, PPE must be used to protect the eyes, face, head, feet, hands, arms, body, ears, and lungs. Preventable Injuries (BGSU History) Chemical burns to the eyes Chemical irritation to the eyes and skin Particulate matter in the eye Heat burns

Slips, trips, and falls

Cuts and abrasions What is PPE? Equipment that workers wear to protect themselves from hazards in their work environment. Examples: hearing protection respirators hard hats gloves safety goggles safety glasses safety shoes

Regulatory Background
n n n n n n Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Public Employees Risk Reduction Act of 1994 Public Employees Risk Reduction Program (PERRP) 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Occupational Safety and Health Specialist Responsibilities n n coordinating the PPE Program; assisting departments with hazard assessments, analysis of injury / illness data, selection of PPE and training; considering and assisting in the implementation of engineering controls for recognized hazards and; maintaining copies of hazard assessments, reassessments, and PPE selection documentation.

Supervisor Responsibilities

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attending the PPE1 training session offered by Environmental Health and Safety; performing hazard assessments and reassessments; fitting employees with PPE, issuing PPE, and providing the manufacturers instructions for use, care, limitations, and warnings; providing documentation to Environmental Health and Safety of hazard assessments and reassessments;

Employee Responsibilities

attending the PPE2 training session offered by Environmental Health and Safety;

properly wearing, cleaning, maintaining, and inspecting all assigned PPE, according to the manufacturers instructions, and following the PPE program requirements; returning all damaged PPE to their immediate supervisor, to receive a replacement and; only using the PPE provided by the university.

PPE Program Cleaning and Maintenance n It is important that all PPE be kept clean and properly maintained by the employee assigned to the equipment. Cleaning is particularly important for eye and face protection. Dirty or fogged lenses can impair vision. PPE must be inspected, cleaned, and maintained by employees at regular interval and as stated in the manufactures instructions. If the piece of PPE is in need of repair or replacement, it is the responsibility of the employee to bring it to the immediate attention of his/ her supervisor. Do not use PPE if it is in need of repair or if it is not able to perform its intended function. Contaminated PPE, which cannot be decontaminated, must be disposed of in a manner that protects employees from exposure to the hazard. To inquire about the proper disposal methods of contaminated PPE, contact Environmental Health and Safetys Safety and Health Coordinator at 372-2171.

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When is PPE Necessary? n Heat Hazards Hot work areas and sources of high temperature that could result in burns, eye injury, or ignition of PPE.

Harmful Dust Dust from sandblasting, sawing, grinding, or other generation of airborne dust.

Optical Radiation Sources of light radiation (welding, cutting, lasers, high intensity lights).

Biological Hazards Exposures to blood or other body fluids, mold, or other biological exposures.

Biological Hazards Exposures to blood or other body fluids, mold, or other biological exposures.

Noise Hazards Excessive noise (louder than a hair dryer).