FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no.

2008/09 Sem 1

Question 1 Consider the circle of radius 5 centered at (0, 0). Find an equation of the line tangent to the circle at the point (3, 4). Hint:

If two straight lines are perpendicular to each other, then the gradient k1 and k2 has the equation k1 * k2 = -1

Solution: At point (3, 4), the gradient from it to the original point (radius) is 4/3 = k1; So the gradient of the tangent line is - 3/4 = k2; The tangent line: (y 4)/(x 3) = - 3/4; Which equals to 3x + 4y = 25.

[Ans: 3x + 4y = 25]

Written by: Deng Lixi Dennis (Deng0030@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 2 Write a piecewise formula for the each of the following: Hint:

Break down the graph into individual parts Analyse each part and write the formula for each part Remember to state the region for the formula to be true.

Solution: a) For line between (0,0) and (1,1), eqn is y = x For line between (1,1) and (0,2), eqn is y = -x+2

F(x) = x, 0<=x<=1 -x+2, 1<x<=2

b)

F(x) = 2, 0<=x< 1 0, 1<=x< 2 2, 2<=x<3 0, 3<=x<4

c)

Line between (0,2) and (2,0) : y = -x+2 Line between (2,1) and (5,0) : gradient = (0-1)/(5-2) = -1/3, y = -1/3 (x-2) + 1 F(x) = -x+2, 0<x<=2 -1/3(x-2) + 1, 2<x<=5

d)

Line between (-1,0) and (0, -3): grad= -3, so y= -3x-3 Line between (0,3) and (2,-1): grad= -2, so y = -2x + 3 F(x) = -3x-3, -1<x<=0 -2x+3, 0<x<=2

Written by: Augustus Yip (yipb0001@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 3 Use law of cosine and sin(A) = sin (B+C) to show sines, i.e.
sin A sin B sin C = = a b c

Hint:

Using the figure to deduce what is sin (B) and sin (C) and cos(B) and cos (C) Using the formula sin(x+y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y to find sin (B+C) Combine the result will show sin rule

Solution: Sin(B) = h/c and sin(C) = h/b Cos (B) = (a2 + c2 b2) /2ac and Cos (C) = (a2 + b2 c2) /2ab Sin (B+C) = sin B cos C + cos B sin C Sub in the various value into the equation. Sin (A) = ah/bc and ah = bc sin A Combining the result: ah = ab sin C = ac sin B = bc sin A Dividing the all the above by abc, sin rule is proven.

Written by: Zhao Yian (ZHAO0111@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 4 Show that

tan( + ) =

tan + tan 1 tan tan

Hint:

Use the left hand side term to prove it is equal to the right hand side Make use of the rule tan x = sin x / cos x Using sin (a+b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b and cos (a+b) = cos a cos b sin a sin b

Solution:

tan( + ) =

sin ( + b ) a sin a cos b cos a sin b = + cos( + b ) cos a cos b sin a sin b cos a cos b sin a sin b a 1 1 tan a + tan b = + = 1 1 1 tan a tan b tan b tan a tan a tan b

Written By: Kiranmit Kaur (e-mail: kira0005@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 5 Two wires stretch from the top T of a vertical pole to points B and C on the ground, where C is 10m closer to the base of the pole, than is B. If wire BT makes an angle of 35with the horizontal and wire CT makes an angle of 50with the horizontal, how high is the pole? Hint:

Draw a graph for the question

Solution:

As shown in diagram above, AB AC =10; o, 50o, find AT. =35 = Let AB = x, AC = y, then x y = 10; x * tan y * tan =

So AT = 16.98m.

[Ans: = 16.98m]

Written by: Deng Lixi Dennis (Deng0030@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 6 Graph the following equations: Hint:

Sketch the graph on the Cartesian coordinates From the graph, deduce the graph for polar coordinates

Solution: a) r = (1+cos )/2

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

b) r = sin

c) r = sin2

Written by: Augustus Yip (yipb0001@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 7 Express the following complex numbers in the form

re

where r>=0, <= <= .

Solution: (a) ( + 3 1 Solution (a) ( + 3 1

2 ) = (1 +
2 )

(b) (1+i)/(1-i)

( 1) * 3 ) 2 = (1 + 3i ) 2 = 2 + 2 3i = 4e

2 i 3

i 1 + i (1 + i )(1 + i ) (b) = =i = e2 1 i (1 i )(1 + i )

Written by: Zhao Yian (ZHAO0111@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 8 Hint: Solution: Written By: Kiranmit Kaur (e-mail: kira0005@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 9 Use De Moivres Theorem to express sin(5 terms of sin( )in ). Hint:

De Moivres Theorem: [cos( + isin( n = cos(n + isin(n ) )] ) )

Compare the real parts and the imaginary parts

Solution: [cos( + isin( 5 = cos(5 + isin(5 ) )] ) ) LHS = cos5( + i5cos4( ) )sin( 10cos3( 2( i10cos2( 3( + 5cos( 4( + ) )sin ) )sin ) )sin ) isin5( )

Compare the imaginary parts of LHS and RHS: Sin(5 = 5cos4 - 10cos2 3 5 ) sin sin +sin Cos4 =(1-sin22 = 1-2sin2 4 ) +sin Cos2 1-sin2 = So sin(5 = 5sin( - 20sin3( + 16sin5( ) ) ) )

[Ans: 5sin( - 20sin3( + 16sin5( ) ) )]

Written by: Deng Lixi Dennis (Deng0030@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 10 Find the 3 cube roots of 8i. Hint:

convert to exponential form use substitution

Solution: Let w be the cube roots of 8i. Hence, w3 = 8i

/2 = 8ei /2 ) = 8e(i + i2k

w = (8i)1/3
/6 /3) = 2e(i + i2k

When
/6 k = 0, w = 2ei = 2cos( + i2sin( = 3 + i /6) /6) /6 k = 1, w = 2ei5 = 2cos(5 + i2sin(5 = -3 + i /6) /6) /6 k = 2, w = 2ei9 = 2cos(9 + i2sin(9 = -2i /6) /6)

Written by: Augustus Yip (yipb0001@ntu.edu.sg)

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FE 1006 Mathematics I Tutorial 1 Preliminaries, Polar coordinates and Complex no. 2008/09 Sem 1

Question 11 Hint: By using Polar Form rei , the problem will be simplified. Solution: Let y= z 2 ,so the equation is y 2 y + 1 = 0 .
y1,2 =
i 1 3 1 3i , that is y1 = e 3 , y 2 = e = 2 2
i i ( + ) i 6

2 i 3

The roots of e 3 are e 6 and e The roots of e

2 i 3

are e 3 and e

( + ) i 3

So the four roots of the equation are

i 6 ( + ) i 6 i 3 ( + ) i 3

e ,e

, e ,e

Or we can express those in the form of

( 3 i ) / 2

Written by: Zhao Yian (ZHAO0111@ntu.edu.sg)

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