1. What are the Heat Exchangers?

Ans: Heat Exchangers are the devices in which heat is transmitted between two Fluids, at different temperatures, without any mixing of the Fluids. Heat is transferred from hot fluids to cold fluids. Heat Exchangers are three broad Types. a. Direct Transfer Type b. Storage Type c. Direct contact type. a. Direct transfer types of Heat Exchangers Ans. A direct type of Heat exchanger is one which the cold and hot fluids flow simultaneously through the device and heat is transfer through a wall separating the two fluids. Direct transfer type concentric tube Heat Exchanger Concentric describe the geometry of heat exchanger that one tube has inside the other tube. Tube in tube Heat Exchanger.

b. Storage types of Heat Exchangers. Ans. A Storage type of Heat Exchanger is one in which the Heat transfer from the Hot fluids to cold fluids occurs through a coupling (Combination/ Mixture) medium in the form of porous (Permeable) solid metrics. The hot and Cold Fluids flow alternately through the metric, the hot fluids storing heat in it and the cold fluid extracting heat from it.

During the operation of this heat exchanger valve A and valve D are opened and B and C are closed, so obey sly Hot fluid can enter from Valve A go through the porous Solid matrix and come out through Valve D. If it does this give its energy to material of this porous matrix and this matrix going up heated, we do this for some time during this period of course B and C are closed. Now after doing this for some time closed A and D and open B and C so that Cold fluids can start through this matrix and picks of heat from this matrix get heated and then flow up. And one by one Hot Fluids store heat in the metrics and cold fluids picks up the heat from matrix. So it is called storage type of Heat Exchanger. c. Direct contact of Heat Exchangers. Direct Heat Exchanger in which the Two Fluids are not separated if heat is to be transferred between gas and liquid. The gas is bubbled through the liquid or liquid is sprayed in the form of droplets into the gas.

This is a Fluid A lets say it is water Liquid this is like a shower entering head drop of this liquid come out of the shower this drops flows through like this ultimately come down and collect here and go out of heat exchanger the other fluid is say it is gas and flow upwards the heat exchangers this is called direct contact heat exchanger because the process of heat transfer there is no separation wall between two fluids. A. The Direct Transfer Type :- This type of Heat exchanger is three type based on

shape

:1. Tubular Heat Exchanger. 2. Plate Heat Exchanger. 3. Extended Surface Heat Exchanger. 1. Tubular Heat Exchanger : A. Shell and Tube type Heat Exchanger B. Concentric Tube or Double Pipe Heat Exchanger A. Shell and Tube type Heat Exchanger

This is consisting of cylindrical surface called shell and a bundle of Tube inside the Shell. One Fluid flow inside the tube flowing through the tube and going out. The other fluid is enter into the shell flows the outside the tubes and then going out from outlet the shell. Inlet and outlet are typical called nozzles. The Baffles inside into tubes are determine better flow of liquid. Major components: Tubes / Shells Tube Header Sheets The Front and Rear end heads Nozzles Baffles The Heat transfer area available per unit volume 100 to 500 sq meters per meter cube 2. Plate Heat Exchanger. Series of large rectangular thin metal plates which are clamp together to form.

3. Extended Surface Heat Exchanger. Fins are attached with the primary Heat Transfer surface with the object of increasing the heat transfer area and as the result because of fins one provides much more Heat transfer area per units volume than a tubular or a plate heat exchanger typically in a extended surface heat exchanger because of the fins one as more than 700 Sq mt of heat transfer area per units volume of the heat exchanger.

B. The Direct Transfer Type :- This type of Heat exchanger is three type based on

Flow

Arrangement :1. Parallel Flow 2. Counter Flow 3. Cross Flow 1. Parallel Flow :

Hot fluids flow in inner tube and cold flow are flow in outer tube Both the fluids are flow in same direction so, called parallel flow. 2. Counter Flow arrangement:

Hot fluids flow in inner tube and cold flow are flow in outer tube Both the fluids are flow in opposite direction so, called Counter flow

3. Cross Flow arrangement:

Hot fluids flow in back side of plates and cold flow are flow in front side of plates Both the fluids are flow in rectangular side of each direction so, called cross flow arrangements.

OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER CO EFFICIENT:

1 = U 1 + Rout + Rwo + Rio + 1 hout hio The equation which relates the overall heat transfer coefficient to the heat duty and the heat transfer area is Q= U*A*Tlm Where: Q=heat Transfer Rate U=overall heat transfer coefficient A=heat transfer area Tlm= log mean temperature difference

Where: U = overall heat transfer coefficient hout = coefficient on outside surface Rout = resistance due to fouling on outside surface Rwo = resistance due to metal wall of heat transfer area (corrected to the outside) Rio = resistance due to fouling on inside surface (corrected to the outside) hio = = coefficient on inside surface (corrected to the outside)

Nomenclature
A = area B = discharge coefficient c = specific heat C = heat capacity rate D, d = diameter = friction factor g = acceleration due to gravity h = heat transfer coefficient H = manometer height k = thermal conductivity L = heat exchanger length m = mass flow rate n = constant NTU = number of transfer units Nu = Nussult number p, P = pressure Pr = Prandtl number Q = heat transfer rate r = radius R = thermal resistance Re = Reynolds number T = temperature U = overall heat transfer coefficient V = volumetric flow rate = effectiveness = density

Subscripts 1,2,3,4 = points in system (heat exchanger) 1 = inlet (venturi) 2 = throat (venturi) c = cold D = diameter f = fouling h = hot H = hydraulic i = inside (hot) in = inlet Max = maximum Min = minimum o = outside (cold) out = outlet p = constant pressure r = ratio v = venturi w = water