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OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
1. 2. 3.
To familiarize with various network elements on BSS side ( from Mobile Station to Base Station Controller). To know the functions of each BSS network elements. To have an overview of antenna system setup for BTS and repeaters.
GSM Network
Base Station Subsystem
Repeaters Air Interface Base Transceiver Station
Visitor Location Register
A-bis Interface
Air Interface
Mobile Station
+
Mobile Equipment Subscriber Identity Module
=
Mobile Station
MOBILE EQUIPMENTS
2G
2.5G
3G
Note:
All BTS port (Ultrasite, Intratalk, Flexitalk & Citytalk) : 7/16 Female All feeder connectors: 7/16 male All jumper cables: diameter with 7/16 Male - 7/16 Female connectors, 1.5 meter in length
Jumper cable (1.5 m) 7/16(M) - 7/16(F)
N (M)
Couplers
Straight Adapter N (M) N (M)
Coupler
Radiating cable
Level 2
N (F) N (M) N (F)
Level 1
Coupler
N (F)
Splitters
N (F)
Note:
All antenna, splitter & coupler ports: N Female All feeder connectors: N male
N (F)
N O K IA
SMA (F)
7/16 (M)
NOKI A
N (F) N (M)
N (M)
N (M)
Coupler
Insite
ANTENNA
yagi
Advantages of TMA
Extended network coverage Remove up-link limitation Improved Network Quality Fewer dropped calls Higher call throughput Satisfied subscribers Reduces MS output power Longer battery life and less interference. Reduced infrastructure cost Fewer sites
Outdoor Building, shelter or container
Antenna
PDU CIN
DC supply
JUMPER CABLES
Jumper cables are flexible cables used to connect the feeder to the equipment without causing excessive strain on the equipment connector.
CABLES
Cables - a transmission line where energy can pass through without considerable decrease on the energy Cable Types - , 7/8 and 1 & 5/8 cable
CABLES cont..
Leaky Cables - a cable which has a leak where energy escapes out continuously
Connectors
CABLE CLAMPS
Clamps are used to fasten the feeder on the support structures. They fit for a variety of profiles and facilitate secure fastening without risk of damaging the cable.
GROUNDING KITS
Grounding kits are used to ground the outer conductor of the feeder in order to protect the equipment from lightning strikes or any voltage peaks induced on the antennaline.
EMP is used to protect the equipment against lightning strikes or high voltages coming down the center conductor of the antennaline.
BUSS BAR
Buss Bar is made up of copper (good conductor of electricity) where grounding kits & EMP are connected before linking it to ground.
COUPLERS
Directional Coupler - a device that couples a secondary system only to a wave traveling in a particular direction while completely ignoring the wave traveling into the opposite direction
COUPLERS cont.
Directional Coupler Types 6 , 10, 15 & 20 dB
6 dB
10 dB
15 dB
20 dB
SPLITTER
Splitter/Divider - a device that has the capability to distribute one input signal to two or more output without introducing distortion to the signal.
SPLITTER cont.
Splitter Types 2 , 3, & 4 way 4 way
3 way
2 way
BTS Applications: Macro ranges from 10 12 km Micro ranges from 1 2 km Pico indoor application BTS Frequency Bands: 1800 MHz 900 MHz
maintain synchronisation to MS RF signal processing ( combining, filtering, coupling) diversity reception radio interface timing detect access attempts of mobiles de-/ encryption on radio path channel de-/ coding & interleaving on radio path perform frequency hopping forward measurement data to BSC
Transmitter and receiver unit Frequency Hopping unit RF combiners and filters Signal processing units, channel coding, demodulation Alarm collecting units, clocks and timing OMU : remote operation and maintenance transmission interfaces towards Abis interface Power supply, heat exchangers
Talk Family
Site Family
Citytalk
Flexitalk
REPEATERS
REPEATERS REPEATERS Repeater - an amplifier that processes weak signals and retransmits stronger signal without reshaping their waveform
f1fn f1fn
f1fn
Overlap Coverage
Band Selective (BSR)- Uses the band required only by the operator. Amplifies and retransmits signal/s from the donor using the same frequency/ies. Macro & Micro application. Channel Selective (CSR)- Amplifies and retransmits only the channel or channels selected by the operator. Macro Application. Frequency Translating/Shifting (FSR) -Amplifies and retransmits signal from the donor using a different frequency. More complex since it needs equipment both at the donor and mobile facing sites. Macro Application.
Repeater Set-up CSR and/or BSR Repeater Set-up CSR and/or BSR
Jumper cable (1.5 m) 7/16 (M) - 7/16 (F)
7/16 (M)
Buss Bar
F1 900MHz
Link Antenna
BTS
DONOR SITE
REMOTE SITE
ECHO Site
SEAMLESS COVERAGE
ECHO Site