The Periodic Table

Created by Simon Mung simon.mung(at)gmail.com

Group 1 alkali metals Group 2 alkali earth metals

Group 8/0 noble gas Group 7 halogens

Transition metals

The periodic table is arranged in increasing atomic number

http://web.buddyproject.org/web017/web017/images/periodic%20table.JPG

Based on the information above, what is the group and period for He Na Ar

Group: Number of electrons in outer shell (valence electrons) Period: Number of electron shells

Based on the information above, what is the group and period for He Na Full outer shell: Ar

Group 8/0

True for ALL groups

As you descend within a group

Density (g/cm3) increases because

Mass of atoms increases

Density (g/cm3) = Mass (g) / Volume (cm3)

Properties of alkali metals

Low density (floats on water)

What will its density be?

Soft (can be cut with a knife) One outer/ electron

Reactive because only needs to lose one electron

Reacts with water to form metal hydroxide (alkali metal)

Properties of alkali metals

As you go down the table

Reactivity increases (Why? Recall that the nature of metal is to lose electron) Strength of Metallic bond decreases

Melting point decreases Softness increases

Alkali metal reaction

2M(s) + 2H20(l) 2XOH(aq) + H2(g) pH test

Universal indicator (pH 1 Litmus test

Acid: Alkali: Blue

Animation of reaction and pH demo

Properties of alkali earth metals

Less reactive than alkali metals

Because:

Stronger metallic bond than alkali metals because its cations are 2+ charged

Ca Ca2+ + 2eHigher point

Properties of Halogens
Soluble React with metal to form salt

E.g. Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) NaCl (s) Reactivity increases (Why? Recall that the nature of halogen is to gain electron to have a full outer shell)

Gas Gas Liquid Solid Solid

As you go down the table

F + e- F- (-ide e.g. fluoride)

Increasing number of electrons Increasing VdW forces (temporary dipoles) states of matter and increasing BP

Properties of Halogens
Simple molecular (diatomic molecule) Colored non-metal

F: Yellow GAS Cl: Green GAS Br: RED LIQUID I: Black SOLID At: Black SOLID

http://www.ourmetals.com/images/periodic/halogene.jpg

Properties of noble gas

Full outer shell exist as

atomic

Very energetically stable (inert) VdW forces increase Increasing BP Density increases (like all groups)

As you go down the group

He: Rises quickly Xenon: Falls quickly

Colorless gas Uses

He: Balloon Neon and argon sign lamps

Properties of transition elements

Variable oxidation states (Cu+ and Cu2+)

No clear trend in reactivity

Higher melting point (except mercury Hg) Harder 3 Higher density (than water 1g/cm , therefore, sinks) Less reactive than alkali metals (needs to lose more electrons) Formed colored compounds (copper roofs green) Catalyst (e.g. Platinum) Malleable Form colored compounds Good conductors for electricity

Stronger metallic bonds than type 1 metals

Sea of electrons

Metalloids

Semi-metals

Properties that are intermediate to metals and non-metals

Silicon

Shiny (metal) Sand, quartz Inefficient conductor (non-metal) Insulator at low temp. (bound electrons) Conductors at high temp. (free electrons)

Semiconductor

Silicon

Has e- in outer orbital

Lattice structure

Form lattice with 4 other Sis Pure silicon: Insulator Doped silicon (impure silicon): Semiconductor

Conductor Semiconductor - Insulator

Any Questions?