AAR 3252 Professional Practice & Management 1 Lecturer: Prof. Dato Ar. Dr.

. Asiah Abdul Rahim Midterm Test Date: 21st March 2012-04-12 Q1. Describe this architectural practices approved by the boards of Architects Malaysia i. ii. iii. iv. Partnership Body Corporate Sole Proprietorship Multidisciplinary (2 Marks) (2 Marks) (2 Marks) (2 Marks)

Q2. Define the following building team players and their scope of work: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Landscape Architect Civil and Structural Engineer Principal Architect Quantity Surveyor Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Sub Contractors Interior Designers (1 Marks) (1 Marks) (1 Marks) (1 Marks) (1 Marks) (1 Marks) (1 Marks)

Q3. Your principal Architect instructed you as the assistant architect of a Park & Ride Multistorey parking project in Kuala Lumpur, to go and discuss with the Fire and Rescue Department (BOMBA) regarding some unresolved matter. Upon result of the discussion, kindly prepare a letter to inform the contractor and the civil & structural engineer (in the same) that BOMBA has rejected the proposal to change fire hydrants location and design is to remain according to the prepared construction drawing. (5 Marks) Thank you and Good Luck

Mid Term Answer Guide : AAR 3252 PROF.PRACTICE AND MANAGEMENT 1 SEMESTER 2, 2011/2012 ANSWER GUIDE Q1. Describe this architectural practices approved by the Boards of Architects Malaysia v. Answer Partnership (2 Marks)

(b) in the case of the partnership, all the partners are Professional Architects; or (ref:Architects Act 1967)
6.2 Partnership (Section 7A of the Act)

6.2.1 All the partners shall be Professional Architects; 6.2.2 Names of firms shall refrain from being pretentious or ostentatious or of such nature that may negatively affect the dignity of the profession or place it in a position of possible ridicule : e.g. Global Environmental Planners and Architects Arkitek Supreme; 6.2.3 Preferably the names of firms shall comprise the actual names of the partners or the acronyms of their initials.

(Ref : LAM General Circular : 2/2004, "Guidelines on Architectural Consultancy Practices") vi. Answer Body Corporate (2 Marks)

(c) in the case of the body corporate, it (i) has a board of directors comprising persons who are Professional Architects; (ii) has shares held by members of the board of directors mentioned in subparagraph (i) solely or with any other persons who are Professional Architects; and (iii) has a minimum paid-up capital which shall be an amount to be prescribed by the Board. (ref:Architects Act 1967)
6.3 Architectural Body Corporate (Section 7A of the Act) 6.3.1 The board of directors shall be Professional Architects; 6.3.2 The body corporate shall have a minimum paid-up capital of RM 50,000;

6.3.3 The shares shall be held by members of the board of directors solely or with any other persons who are Professional Architects;

6.3.4 Names of firms shall refrain from being pretentious or ostentatious or of such nature that may negatively affect the dignity of the profession or place it in a position of possible ridicule. 6.3.5 Preferably the names of firms shall comprise the actual names of the directors or the acronyms of their initials.

(Ref : LAM General Circular : 2/2004, "Guidelines on Architectural Consultancy Practices") vii. Answer Sole Proprietorship (2 Marks)

(a) in the case of the sole proprietorship, the sole proprietor is a Professional Architect; (ref:Architects Act 1967)
6.1 Sole Proprietorship (Section 7A of the Act) 6.1.1 Being the sole principal of the firm, Professional Architects shall preferably use their individual names in full; e.g. Arkitek Ahmad Bakar Lim Ah Kow Architect 6.1.2 Professional Architects may also be allowed to use part of their names : e.g. Arkitek A. Bakar AK Lim Architect

(Ref : LAM General Circular : 2/2004, "Guidelines on Architectural Consultancy Practices") viii. Answer
6.4 Multi-disciplinary Body Corporate [ MDP ] (Section 7B of the Act) 6.4.1 The board of directors shall comprise Professional Architects, Professional Engineers and/or registered Quantity Surveyors; 6.4.2 The shares shall be held by persons mentioned in paragraph 6.4.1 and any of the following persons and/or bodies corporate where (i) the Professional Architects, Professional Engineers, registered Quantity Surveyors, bodies corporate providing architectural consultancy services, bodies corporate providing professional engineering services and/or bodies corporate practising as consulting Quantity Surveyors hold a minimum combined share of 70% of the overall equity of that body corporate, of which the Professional Architects and/or bodies corporate providing architectural consultancy services hold a minimum share of 10%; and (ii) any other persons, including persons belonging to a profession allied to architecture, engineering or quantity surveying, being a profession approved in writing by the board regulating the profession of architecture, engineering or quantity surveying, respectively, hold a maximum share of 30% of the overall equity of the body corporate. 6.4.3 The multi-disciplinary body corporate has a minimum paid-up capital of RM 150,000.

Multidisciplinary

(2 Marks)

(Ref : LAM General Circular : 2/2004, "Guidelines on Architectural Consultancy Practices") 3

Q2. Define the following building team players and their scope of work: Answer Student can answer in brief or point form of how each of the players perform their role in a project. I. Landscape Architect (1 Marks)

Answer ( should always link to a project where everyone of the building team are involved as a team) Students to identify relevant parts only The following is an outline of the landscape architect's typical scope of service:[4] 1. Developing new or improved theories, policy and methods for landscape planning, design and management at local, regional, national and multinational levels. 2. Developing policies and plans and implementing and monitoring proposals for conservation and recreation areas such as national parks. 3. Developing new or improved theories and methods to promote environmental awareness and undertaking planning, design, restoration, management and maintenance of cultural and/or historic landscapes, parks, sites and gardens. 4. Planning, design, management, maintenance and monitoring functional and aesthetic layouts of built environment in urban, suburban, and rural areas including private and public open spaces, parks, gardens, streetscapes, plazas, housing developments, burial grounds, memorials; tourist, commercial, industrial and educational complexes; sports grounds, zoos, botanic gardens, recreation areas and farms. 5. Contributing to the planning, aesthetic and functional design, location, management and maintenance of infrastructure such as roads, dams, wind farms and other energy and major development projects. 6. Undertaking landscape assessments including environmental and visual impact assessments to prepare policies or inform new developments. 7. Inspecting sites, analysing factors such as climate, soil, flora, fauna, surface and subsurface water and drainage; and consulting with clients and making recommendations regarding methods of work and sequences of operations for projects related to the landscape and built environment. 8. Identifying and developing appropriate solutions regarding the quality and use of the built environment in urban, suburban and rural areas and making designs, plans and working drawings, specifications of work, cost estimates and time schedules. 9. Monitoring the realisation and inspecting the construction of proposals to ensure compliance with plans, specifications of work, cost estimates and time schedules. 10. Conducting research, preparing scientific papers and technical reports, developing policy, teaching, and advising on aspects regarding landscape architecture such as the application of geographic information systems, remote sensing, law, landscape communication, interpretation and landscape ecology. 11. Project management of large scale landscape planning and design projects including management of other consultants such as engineers, architects and planners. 12. Acting as an expert witness in Development and Environment Courts

(ref. at Landscape Architect , Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia at https://www.google.com.my/search?q=landscape+architect+scope+of+works&ie=utf8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a. Retrieved 22 April 2012) II. Civil and Structural Engineer (1 Marks) Answer ( summarised from below only the relevant scope) In the US, most practicing structural engineers are currently licensed as civil engineers, but the situation varies from state to state. In the UK, most structural engineers in the building industry are members of the Institution of Structural Engineers rather than the Institution of Civil Engineers. Structural engineers analyze, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems to achieve design goals and ensure the safety and comfort of users or occupants. Their work takes account mainly of safety, technical, economic and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and social factors. Ref : Structural Engineer, Wikipedia-Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineer. Retrieved 22 Apr 2012) Civil engineering may be divided into the following fields: (i) Building materials (ii) Building construction (iii) Structural engineering (iv) Geotechnical engineering (v) Hydraulics, water resources and irrigation engineering (vi) Water supply and sanitary engineering (vii) Environmental engineering (viii) Transportation engineering (ix) Town planning and architecture (x) Surveying (xi) Drawing (xii) Estimation and specification (xiii) Management techniques (xiv) Computer application. Scope of work A civil engineer has to conceive, plan, estimate, get approval, create and maintain all civil engineering activities. Civil engineer has very important role in the development of the following infrastructure: (i) Measure and map the earths surface. (ii) Plan new townships and extension of existing towns. (iii) Build the suitable structures for the rural and urban areas for various utilities. (iv) Build tanks and dams to exploit water resources. (v) Build river navigation and flood control projects. (vi) Build canals and distributaries to take water to agricultural fields. (vii) Purify and supply water to the needy areas like houses, schools, offices etc. (viii) Provide and maintain communication systems like roads, railways, harbours and airports. 5

(ix) Devise systems for control and efficient flow of traffic. (x) Provide and maintain solid and waste water disposal system. (xi) Monitor land, water and air pollution and take measures to control them. Fast growing industrialisation has put heavy responsibilities on civil engineers to preserve and protect environment.

Ref: Scope of Civil Engineering PDF file at http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CD MQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newagepublishers.com%2Fsamplechapter%2F001 734.pdf&ei=lgeUT4fGLYTprQegmOCUBQ&usg=AFQjCNHsUsomoh8Xx-9N7tI3pDptMSYLA&sig2=pFBDH1lfMQAvcOEuKGLUYA. retrieved 22Apr2012 III. IV. Principal Architect Answer ( summary of the list below) Architects Scope of Services BRIEFING CONCEPT DESIGN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT TENDER DOCUMENTATION/CONTRACT / WORKING DRAWINGS ADMINISTRATION OF CONTRACT BETWEEN CLIENT AND CONTRACTOR (1 Marks)

CLIENTS BRIEF: 1. The Architect ascertains the Clients requirements of the project, like its appearance, financial budget and time frame. 2. He prepares in agreement with the Client, a programme of his requirements. 3. He visits the Site and examines the site constraints, potential and the surrounding environment. 4. He examines the Codes, Legislation and standards as they affect the project. 5. He acquaints the Client with the Conditions of Engagement and Scale of Charges as prescribed by the Council of Architecture. 6. The Client engages the Architect and both effectively enter an agreement by signing a standard Letter of Appointment. CONCEPT DESIGN 1. The Architect prepares a report on site evaluation, state of existing buildings, if any; and analysis and impact of proposed development on the immediate environment. 2. He obtains from the Client or gets a detailed topographical survey of the site, prepared at the Clients expense. This survey shall include all the necessary data related to the existing structure, existing public utility lines, trees, pavements, roads, restrictions, easements and boundaries.
6

3. He obtains from the Client or gets soil tests, site borings or such other tests on sub-soil conditions done at the Clients expense. 4. He prepares conceptual designs to explain his understanding of the Clients requirements. 5. He prepares a rough estimate of the cost of the project on the basis of the area. Under no circumstance does the Architect guarantee such estimate of cost. PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWING: 1. The Architect modifies the conceptual designs incorporating required changes. 2. He prepares the preliminary drawings, sketches, study model etc., for the Clients approval. 3. He prepares a preliminary estimate of cost on the basis of the area. DRAWINGS FOR CLIENTS / STATUTORY APPROVALS: 1. The Architect incorporates any more suggestions of the Client. 2. He then prepares drawings necessary for approval from the Client / statutory authorities. 3. He ensures compliance with codes, standards and legislation as applicable. 4. He assists the Client in obtaining the statutory approval, if required. WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS: 1. The Architect involves Engineering Consultants like Structural, Electrical, Sanitary & Plumbing consultants in the project at this stage. 2. The Architect provides the Consultants with all the necessary information to allow them to perform their specialist work. 3. He prepares Working Drawings, Specifications and Schedule of Quantities sufficient to prepare an Estimate of Cost (in consultation with his consultants). 4. He advises the Client and gets approval on the form of Contract and method of placing the Contract. 5. He prepares a short list of suitable Contractors with appropriate justification. 6. He prepares Tender drawings including large scale details and Tender documents including mode of measurement, method of payments, quality control procedures and other Conditions of Contract, to describe the whole project adequately for the purpose of placing the main Contract. APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS: 1. The Architect invites, receives and analyses Tenders. 2. He advises the Client on the appointment of the Contractor. CONSTRUCTION: 1. The Architect prepares Working Drawings and details for the proper execution of works during construction.

2. He issues sufficient copies of working drawings, schedules, specifications, Bill of Quantities and other contract documents to the Contractors for the proper execution of works. 3. He approves the Works Progress Schedule prepared by the Contractors. 4. He approves samples of various elements and components. 5. He checks and approves shop drawings submitted by the Contractors and Vendors 6. He advises the Client to appoint and pay a Construction Manager or Clerk of Works or Site Supervisor, (who shall work under the guidance of the Architect), for the day-to-day supervision at site, in order to ensure that the work at site proceeds in accordance with the contract documents and drawings. 7. He attends conferences, meetings to ensure that the project proceeds generally in accordance with the conditions of contract. 8. He visits the site at intervals mutually agreed upon, to inspect and evaluate the construction work and keeps the client informed on the quality and progress of work. Where necessary, he clarifies any decision and offers interpretation of the drawings and specifications at site. 9. He shall ensure that the drawings are being correctly interpreted at site, and the finishing is of acceptable quality. In case of adverse certification, the payments of the Contractor shall be with-held until the defects have been rectified. 10. He advises the Client if the Contract time is likely to be varied, or if the total authorized expenditure is likely to be exceeded. 11. The Architect checks the Contractors applications for payment (Bills) with the help of the site engineers and issues Certificates authorizing payment. 12. He issues Certificate of Virtual Completion of works. COMPLETION: 1. The Architect prepares and submits completion reports and drawings 2. He assists the Client in obtaining Completion or Occupation Certificate from the Statutory Authorities wherever required. 3. He issues two sets of as-built drawings including services and structures. for the project as required. WHAT ARE THE ARCHITECTS RESPONSIBILITIES DURING CONSTRUCTION? The Architects responsibilities and services rendered at every Stage of the Project have been enumerated above. In addition, the Architect has some more responsibilities that should be mentioned: 1. The Architect shall keep the Client informed about the progress of work in his Office. 2. The Architect shall appoint specialized Consultants, in consultation with the Client, if necessary. 3. The Architect shall be responsible for the direction and integration of the Consultants work. However, the Consultants shall be responsible for the calculations, detailed design and periodic inspection of the work entrusted to them.

4. The Architect shall not make any deviations, alterations or omissions from the approved drawings, involving financial implications, without the prior consent of the Client. 5. No change shall be made at site from the approved drawings and specifications, without the consent of the Architect
Ref: Architecture Ideas, Architecture and Construction , Architect : Scope of Services at http://architectureideas.info/2008/08/architect-scope-ofservices/. retrieved 22Apr2012.

V. VI.

Quantity Surveyor Answer ( summary of notes below)

(1 Marks)

The Role of a Quantity Surveyor The role of a quantity surveyor is to manage the costs relating to building projects. This may include new builds, renovations or maintenance work. From early design costs to final figures, quantity surveyors seek to minimise the costs of the project and enhance value for money whilst ensuring that the project meets all legal and quality assurance requirements. Quantity surveyor duties typically include:

Conducting feasibility studies to estimate materials, time and labour costs Preparing, negotiating and analysing costs for tenders and contracts Coordination of work effort Advising on a range of legal and contractual issues Valuing completed work and arranging for payments

Ref: Technojobs: The Role of a Quanity Surveyor at http://www.technojobs.co.uk/info/candidate-guides/role-of-a-quantitysurveyor.phtml. retrieved 22Apr2012.

Cost Consulting, incorporating: Feasibility Studies and Conceptual Estimating; Project Budgeting; Cost Planning / Cost Control Estimates (in either elemental or trade format); Assembly of Tender Packages; Tender Review and Contractor Selection; Functional Cost Analysis; Review and recommendation of Project Progress Payments; Review and Negotiation of Change Orders and Contractual Claims Mortgage Monitoring, incorporating: Review and Verification that Project Budget is adequate to complete Project; Progress Draw Review and Monitoring of Costs incurred; Verification of Borrower payments. Value Management, incorporating: Review of Project Program, Design and Cost Studies; Service Provider for Value Management Workshops; Evaluating Processes and Components; Preparation of Recommendations.
9

Life Cycle Costing, including: Life Cycle Cost Plans; Discounted Cash Flows; Sensitivity Analysis. Other Services: Reserve Fund Studies and Cost to Complete Reports; Property Condition Reports; Risk Analysis; Insurance Replacement Cost Assessment; Project Management; Project Scheduling; Construction Management; Construction and Project Cash Flows; Mediation and Arbitration; Expert Witness; Bills of Quantities and/or Materials; Material Take-offs.
ref. Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors. (2002). Quantity Surveying & Cost Consulting Services : Schedule of Services and Recommended Charges. PDF file at http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0 CDYQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciqs.org%2Fdocs%2Fcost%2520consulting %25204th%2520editionfinal.pdf&ei=fhKUT4rbJcPLrQe30IXsBA&usg=AFQjCNGSyY dZZa4lOqwC5yzxs3osGHj2Eg&sig2=cMHevEG83Z24eV_gmH2erA. retrieved 22Apr2012.

VII. VIII.

Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Answer Basic Scope : Concept Design Design Development Contract Documentation Contract Administration

(1 Marks)

4.3 BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SERVICES 4.3.1 "Conceptual" or "Schematic" Design Stage 4.3.2 Design Development Stage 4.3.3 Contract Document Stage 4.3.4 Tendering Stage 4.3.5 Construction Stage Ref: Professional Engineers and Geoscientists Newfoundland & Labrador Guidelines for Electrical
Engineering Services. PDF file at http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=44&ved=0CDkQFjADOCg&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.pegnl.ca%2Fdocuments%2Fdocument_6.pdf&ei=nxmUT8uIBMnIrQeayIz_BA&usg=AF QjCNHFWUxWKiG1cN302uP-ICRg4JZX3g&sig2=6SIw0GVIUcorjuRyn9CPpw . retrieved 22Apr2012 Plan of Work Stages B. Feasibility Ace Model Form 'D' Stages preliminary Outline of Normal Work (i) Investigating available data (ii) consulting with authorities on matter of principles (i) providing necessary structural information Additional Work (i) Obtaining additional data necessary for design. (ii) advising on cost aspects (iii) preparing feasibility report. (i) carrying out any detailed cost studies

C. Outline Proposals

Preliminary

10

D. Scheme Design

Tender

E. Detail Design

Installation

F. Production Information and G. Bills of Quantities

(i) making all necessary calculations and designs (ii) preparing specifications and drawings as necessary for obtaining tenders. (iii) provide outline "structural" information. (i) instructing contractors as necessary to enable contractors to prepare working drawings: examining and approving contractor's detailed proposals. Advise on contractual and tendering matters

required. (ii) initiating and supervising any detailed studies (site, materials, etc0 necessary for design (i) negotiating for parliamentary powers, etc (ii)detailed valuation and cost-plan service (iii) arrange incoming utility services (i) preparing detailed builder's work drawings.

H. Tender Action

Installation

K. Operation on Site

Installation

(i) Assist with tender adjudication (ii) Checking contractor's shop or manufacturing details and working drawings. (iii) advise on the need for resident site staff. (i) visiting site periodically for purposes of inspection. (ii)advising on instruction to contractor. (iii) advising on contractor's payment. (iv)witnessing acceptance tests on site. (i) arranging for delivery to client of contractor's operating instructions, record drawings, etc (ii) Advising on settlement of final accounts. (iii) Assisting in settlement of disputes.

(i) preparing production information (ii)preparing BQ or providing additional information required for their preparation (i) making modification to designs

L. Completion

Installation

(i) Resident site supervision. (ii) witnessing test on equipment during manufacture. (iii) measuring variations and agreeing accounts. (iv) checking and coordinating work of others (i) preparing overall operating and maintenance instructions or record drawings. (ii) Litigation

Ref: table 2: Consulting Services Engineers. ACE Model Form of Agreement 'D' compared with Stages pf Plan Work part 3.220 (1967)

Electrical Engineering (EE): Includes planning, design, development, evaluation and operation of electrical principles, models and processes. It includes but is not limited to the design, fabrication, measurement and operation of electrical devices, equipment and systems (e.g., signal processing, telecommunication, sensors, microwave and image processing, micro-fabrication, energy systems and control, micro and nano electronics, plasma processing, laser and photonics, satellites, missiles and guidance systems, space vehicles, fiber optics,
11

robotics etc.). There are several specialties within the scope of work for electrical engineering. They include: Aerospace and Electronic Systems Antennas and Propagation Broadcast Technology Circuits and Systems Communications Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Computer Consumer Electronics Control Systems Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Education Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering in Medicine and Biology Engineering Management Geosciences and Remote Sensing Industrial Electronics Industry Applications Information Theory Instrumentation and Measurement Intelligent Transportation Systems Lasers and electro-Optics Magnetics Microwave Theory and Techniques National Networks Council Neutral Networks Council Neural Networks council Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Oceanic Engineering Power Engineering Professional Communication Reliability Robotics and Automation Signal Processing on Social implications of Technology Solid State Circuits Systems, Man and cybernetics Ultrasonic, Ferroelectrics and Frequency control Vehicular Technology Other electrical Engineering Specialities not listed in the "Services Not Included Paragraph"

Mechanical Engineering (ME): It includes planning, development, evaluation and control of systems and components involving the production and transfer of energy, with the conversion of one form of energy to another. Mechanical engineering includes, but is not limited, to planning and evaluation of power plants,
12

analysis of the economical combustion of fuels, conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy, use of mechanical energy to perform useful work, analysis of structures and motion in mechanical systems and conversion of raw materials into a final product, etc. (e.g., thermodynamics, mechanics, fluid mechanics, jets, rocket engines, internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines, continuum mechanics, dynamic systems, dynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, manufacturing, materials, solid mechanics, reactors, etc.). There are several specialties within the scope of work for mechanical engineering. They include:

Advanced Energy Systems Aerospace Engineering Applied Mechanics ASME Heat Transfer/K16 Bioengineering Design Engineering Dynamic Systems and Control Electrical and Electronic Packaging Environmental Engineering Fluids Engineering Fluids Power Systems and Technology Systems Fuels and Combustion Technologies Heat Transfer Information Storage and Processing Systems Internal Combustion Engine International Gas Turbine Management Manufacturing Engineering Materials Materials Handling Engineering Microchannel Flow and Heat Transfer Noise Control and Acoustics Non-Destructive Evaluation Engineering Nuclear Engineering Ocean Engineering Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Petroleum Plant Engineering and Maintenance Power Pressure Vessels and Piping process Industries Rail Transportation Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Solar Energy Solid Waste Processing Technology and Society Textile Engineering Tribology

13

Other Mechanical engineering Specialities not listed in the "Services Not Included Paragraph"

Ref: GSA: US General Services Administration: Professional Engineering Disciplines at http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/100778. retrieved 22April2012.

IX. X.

Sub Contractors Answer Definition:

(1 Marks)

One who takes a portion of a contract from the principal contractor or from another subcontractor. When an individual or a company is involved in a large-scale project, a contractor is often hired to see that the work is done. The contractor, however, rarely does all the work. The work that remains is performed by subcontractors, who are under contract to the contractor, who is usually designated the general or prime contractor. Subcontractors may, in turn, hire their own subcontractors to do part of the work that they have contracted to perform. Building construction is a common example of how the contractorsubcontractor relationship works. The general contractor takes prime responsibility for seeing that the building is constructed and signs a contract to do so. The cost of the contract is usually a fixed sum and may have been derived from a bid submitted by the contractor. Before offering the bid or before contract negotiations begin, the general contractor normally asks the subcontractors to estimate the price they will charge to do their part of the work. Thus, the general contractor will collect information from electricians, plumbers, dry wall installers, and a host of other subcontractors. Once construction begins, the general contractor coordinates the construction schedule, making sure the subcontractors are at the building site when needed so that the project remains on schedule. The sequencing of construction and the supervision of the work that the subcontractors perform are key roles for the general contractor. Subcontractors sign contracts with the general contractor that typically incorporate the agreement between the general contractor and the owner. A subcontractor who fails to complete work on time or whose work is not acceptable under the general contract may be required to pay damages if the project is delayed because of these problems. A subcontractor's biggest concern is getting paid promptly for the work and materials provided to the project. The general contractor is under an obligation to pay the subcontractors any sums due them unless the contract
14

states otherwise. Some contracts state that the subcontractors will not be paid until the general contractor is paid by the owner. If the owner refuses to pay the general contractor for work a subcontractor has performed, the subcontractor has the right to file a mechanic's lien against the property for the cost of the unpaid work. When changes are made to the project during construction, subcontractors expect to be paid for the time and materials expended on the change. Subcontractors must receive formal approval to make the change and have a cost attached to the change before doing the work. Otherwise, when they submit a compensation request, it may be denied either because too much time has passed or because the general contractor or the owner believes the work performed was within the scope of the original project. Ref: West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. at http://legaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Subcontractor. retrieved 23Apr2012. subcontractor n. a person or business which has a contract (as an "independent contractor" and not an employee) with a contractor to provide some portion of the work or services on a project which the contractor has agreed to perform. In building construction, subcontractors may include such trades as plumbing, electrical, roofing, cement work and plastering. If a subcontractor is not paid for his/her work, he/she has the right to enforce a "mechanic's lien" on the real property upon which the work was done to collect. (See: contract, contractor, independent contractor, mechanic's lien) Copyright 1981-2005 by Gerald N. Hill and Kathleen T. Hill. All Right reserved. Scope of work Specialist Job-build/install Commission upon completion Maintenance
The Subcontractor shall furnish all of the material, and perform all of the Work on the Project as shown on the Drawings and as described in the specifications, all in accordance with scope described herein and the terms of the Contract Documents. XI. XII. Interior Designers Answer (1 Marks)

A. Professional Definition

Interior design is a multi-faceted profession in which creative and technical solutions are applied within a structure to achieve a built interior environment that solves the customer's problems and links space to business
15

strategies and goals. These solutions are functional, enhance the quality of life and culture of the occupants, and are aesthetically attractive. Designs are created in response to and coordinated with the building shell, and acknowledge the physical location and social context of the project. Designs must adhere to code and regulatory requirements, and encourage the principles of environmental sustainability. Interior design can also influence the choice of real estate that will address the organization's needs through the architecture and design elements. The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated methodology, including research, analysis, and integration of knowledge into the creative process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are satisfied to produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals. Interior design includes a scope of services performed by a professional design practitioner, qualified by means of education, experience and examination, to protect and enhance the life, health, safety, and welfare of the public. For the full definition, consult the National Council for Interior Design Qualification.
Scope of works An Interior Designer's Scope of Work Interior designers are skilled at providing a full scope of services which may vary with each project but generally include: Analyzing the client's needs and goals Integrating findings with knowledge of interior design, economic trends as well as legal and regulatory requirements Formulating design concepts that are functional, fiscally appropriate and aesthetically pleasing Overseeing the interior design process including project budgeting and schedules Preparing working drawings and specifications for interior construction, space planning, materials, finishes, furnishings, fixtures and equipment Collaborating with other practitioners who offer professional services in the technical areas of mechanical, electrical and structural design, as required for regulatory approvals (building permits) Reviewing and evaluating construction during implementation and coordinating the completion of the project with a consultant team. On some projects, an Interior Designer may also: Act as Project Manager on behalf of the client to manage the project teams through all phases of the project.

16

 Develop and implement a branding and communications strategy in relation to the project. Undertake feasibility studies on potential facilities and coordinate with real estate professionals. Ref: Interior designers of Canada: An Interior Designer's Scope of Work at http://www.idcanada.org/english/about-interior-design/working-with-aninterior-designer/an-interior-designers-scope-of-work.html. retrieved 23 April 2012. Q3. Your principal Architect instructed you as the assistant architect of a Park & Ride Multi-storey parking project in Kuala Lumpur, to go and discuss with the Fire and Rescue Department (BOMBA) regarding some unresolved matter. Upon result of the discussion, kindly prepare a letter to inform the contractor and the civil & structural engineer (in the same) that BOMBA has rejected the proposal to change fire hydrants location and design is to remain according to the prepared construction drawing. (5 Marks) Answer Student should demonstrate ability to organise letter to convey the message as follows Architecture Firm Letter Head Contractors name and address xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx Civil Engineer name Civil engineer firm XXXXXXX date of letter

Dear Sir, Title of the Project eg. Park & Ride Multi-storey parking project in Kuala Lumpur, Title of the purpose of the letter eg. Fire Hydrant Relocation Proposal Content to the letter to start with , " In reference to XXXXXXX and meeting / discussion with the Fire Department on XXX (date, XXX , xxx(time), the decison is XXXXXXXX. Kindly revert the location of the proposed fire hydrant as per contract drawing no XXXXXXX.

17

XXXXX name of principal architect Firm name copy to all consultants

18