FLUID MACHINERY

Unit-2

Questions: 1. What do you understand by the characteristic curve of a turbine? Name the important types of characteristic curves.(nov-2009).(ap-07) 2. By means of neat sketch explain the governing mechanism of pelton wheel.(nov-09) 3. Explain the Kaplan turbine with a neat sketch.(nov-08) 4. What is a draft tube? Why is it used in reaction turbines? State the different types of it.(nov-08)(nov-06) 5. Define volumetric efficiency of turbine.(ap-010) 6. Why governing of turbine is necessary? Explain any one method of governing a turbine in detail.(ap-010) 7. What is the basic of selection of a turbine for a particular place? How will you classify hydraulic turbines?(may/ap010)(nov-06) 8. With a neat sketch explain the various components and the working of Francis turbine.(may/ap-010) 9. Define and explain the term Governing of a turbine.(ap-07).

Problems:
1. (nov-06) A pelton wheel is to designed for a head of 60m when running at 600rpm. The pelton wheel develops 100kw shaft power. The velocity of the buckets is 0.45 times the velocity of the jet. Overall efficiency=0.85,coefficient of velocity=0.98.Estimate the design parameters for the given \operating conditions.(nov-06) 2. (nov-06) A Kaplan turbines runner is to designed to develop 9100 kw. The net available head is 6m. speed ratio=2.09, flow ratio=0.68, overall efficiency =86% the diameter of the boss is 1/3rd of the runner, speed of operation and specific speed.(nov-06). 3. (Ap-2007,nov-08) The following data is applicable for a Francis turbine. Net head =60m, speed=700rpm, power = 300kw, overall efficiency =84%, hydraulic efficiency=93%, flow ratio=0.2, breadth ratio=0.1, outer diameter of the runner is twice its inner diameter. The thickness of vanes occupies 5% of constant throughout the vanes and discharge is radial at outlet. Determine, i. Guide blade angle. ii. Vanes angles at inlet and outlet iii. Diameter of the runner at inlet and outlet iv. Width of wheel at inlet. 4. (Ap-07) A conical draft tube having inlet and outlet diameter 1m and 1.5m discharge water at outlet with a velocity of 2.5m/s. the total length of the draft tu7be is 6m and 1.2m of the length of the draft tube is immersed . if the atmospheric pressure head is 10.3 m of water and loss of head due to friction in the draft tube is equal to 0.2 times the velocity head at outlet of the tube, determine i. Pressure head at inlet and ii. Efficiency of the draft tube

5. (Ap-09) A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 70% is required to produce 147.5 kw. It is working under a head of 8m. the peripheral velocity is given by 0.30 (2gh)1/2 and the radial velocity of flow at inlet is given by 0.96 (2gh)1/2. The wheel runs at 200 rpm and the hydraulic losses in the turbines are 20% of the available energy. Assuming radial discharge, determine i. The guide blade angle, ii. The wheel vanes angle at inlet, iii. Diameter of the wheel at inlet and , iv. Width of the wheel at inlet. 6. (Ap-010) A 137mm diameter jet of water issuing from a nozzle impinges on the buckets of a pelton wheel and the jets is deflected through an angle of 165 V by the buckets . the head available at the nozzle is 400m.assuming co-=efficient of velocity as 0.97, speed ratio as 0.46 and reduction in relative velocity while passing through buckets As 15% find: i. The force exerted by the jet on the buckets in tangential direction, ii. The power developed. 7. (Ap-010) A turbine is to operated under a head of 25m at 200 rpm the discharge is 8cumec. If the efficiency is 90%, determine the performance of the turbine under ahead of 20meters. 8. (nov-09)The hub diameter of a Kaplan turbines working under a head of 12m, is 0.35 times the diameter of the runner. The turbines is running at 100 rpm. If the vanes angles of the extreme edge of the runner at outlet is 15 and flow ratio 0.6, find: i. Diameter of the runner ii. Diameter of the boss iii. Discharge through the runner. The velocity of whirl at outlet is given as zero.