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e:~e..~e Outline History of the Worla, Work, Wealth
a n a H a p p i n e s s o f Ma n k i n a , S c i e n c e o f
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ee (Deputation Terms .e:.. cee). c|~ .e: .e:e
.c.e.ee(Leave without pay). ee.e .e|c ,c e q.
~e:.~..:~ ~.,~o c ~e¸:._~ . .c .q ee . .~¸:c .e e
qc . e¸:..e .c.,e e.~: ,e _ec .e . :..__~ee .
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e ee|..e:c..q:·c'' ~ .eee. _e..e: .e.e¡e|e
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ecc. ·e_ee e.. c|~o~~ e|.e:~.~¸:.~~ ._e:
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ee. .~.e:_~:e ~q,e|ecc .~.ee.e:qc.o~
ee. c|.e:~e~ ecc. ¡,.¸¸e_ee.c.¸~, e_ee·
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e ~_~_e¸.:.e: c|~ c|ee_.ee: c|e..ee|· .:.
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ec _~ee .
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c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . ·¸ ·¸ ·¸ ·¸ ·¸
.q.e~e~ ~q,e|ecc~ _e¸eee. ,~.e.e|.e:~
.,.o,.~ ·:._~:c .~.~qc.,.,e|.. (How did
you survive)''. .e.e:~.e: c| e._eeee|.
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e c . . e .:..~:c e ~ .e¡._~. .e.qee . .e:c ..e: .
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e .ee. ~ .|~ .e: o~ .:..c e.e.e|. ~ .|. ,:.e._
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c -_e .¡·, .qc ·¸e,e: .,e,.e ~_ce.e:.eqe:. .|.ee
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c| e~e ~_c e e.,e|·.. cc ~ ¸c o ~. e. e¡ .ee .
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Royal Oraers of Burma ~ .q.. c e ~qe qe ._ _e .
~.o:~ ~o:.e qe:~ .¡¸¸ ~ .¡·c o ¸¸ . e e_ ._ee
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ee . ~e .c e ~· .e ·:.:, e:e¸~ . : ,ccc _e, e:
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.¸ .ec·: .¡¸·,
c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . ·¸ ·¸ ·¸ ·¸ ·¸
¸.,, .e:.c ¸¸·, e_:.e:e
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q :.e.ee .e| . .c e, . .:.c .e.ee .e|. . c .ee . eq . ~c
ee, ~.eecee. .e: e:eq~e.e e¸:..,.. ..e
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q _e ..e:c .e.e._~e|, .e:. e:.e ~.c .q:~.:_e
. ocee.
_e, _e, ...¸c qc .|.e ., e c . e¸ :.e¸:.e:. _e, _e, ...¸c qc .|.e ., e c . e¸ :.e¸:.e:. _e, _e, ...¸c qc .|.e ., e c . e¸ :.e¸:.e:. _e, _e, ...¸c qc .|.e ., e c . e¸ :.e¸:.e:. _e, _e, ...¸c qc .|.e ., e c . e¸ :.e¸:.e:.
eq:~ .ec·: .¡¡· ~,.|,.~ ._e:~·~ ..|c..__e.
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.ec·: .¡¡· _.,e : ec...|c ~ .¸e,e ..:~ e~:.._e:
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ee . . . ~._ . ._e:e:, . c .e.. ~ qee . _., c,:q
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c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . ·¡ ·¡ ·¡ ·¡ ·¡
.:. Cheese .¸e ~.~~e _~~¡ c~¡ e_.ee.c.
. e ee:., e..:~ , '' . _e. .q :c q, e:qc . ~q _ _~ . .q..e.
ee . ec .c| ~ .|.e ·:._~:c .:._e:e:. .e..e: '' e..
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.q ..e:c .ee _ .~ .e: .q ..e:c .ee _ .~ .e: .q ..e:c .ee _ .~ .e: .q ..e:c .ee _ .~ .e: .q ..e:c .ee _ .~ .e:
. c c _.:.e : _e,e:. c c ~ . .oe .:.e · q:..c .e ~~e
, e ..., e o ·:~, e . ·e e , .~ o . e e:. ·:~e ~
. e.. .|, ee.~ e e _~_ e ~ ·:. ~.e:c .ee q ¸
.:. . e :e|.,e e ~e .:. . e:e¸ ¸..e ~ .:_e . .e.e|ee .
_.e~ (Osaka EthnicaI Institute) e : . ....q~ . :._e .
e:qc.qc..e.qee. ._e:~ ~..¸~e~.. (Nothern
IIIinois University) _ee~e:. .....q~.:._e. ~e¸¸..
(CIassification, Identification) .e.qee. . e · ¸. ee ¡ .
.¸c .. .:ee e _e. .e.e|ee . ._~..c .e e.c .,:~.~¸:
e: _e,e:~~q: qe.~~q: e¸¸~~q:, e:e|e:.e. qe|
ee. .~.q. (Script) c|~¸e¸e (Syntax) e:...e|c.e
(SpeIIing) , .c|e:q .q..¸e..ee (VocabuIary) _~_ _e .
q~ee,.qee. .e¸:eq:.e: .~:c.ee. .|.ee ecqc~
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ee . ~.:.ee _e . ee ~c .: (Cancer) ..e: .,:~
e._e:q·. .e:e¸¸., .e.c.c_ee.,e|ee. .|.ee c|~
¡c ¡c ¡c ¡c ¡c ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , .
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e_e ¸. ¸,:e_ qc .ee e , e_e ¸. ¸,:e_ qc .ee e , e_e ¸. ¸,:e_ qc .ee e , e_e ¸. ¸,:e_ qc .ee e , e_e ¸. ¸,:e_ qc .ee e ,
ee_ ee.e:~ e:.e:ee e~:.,_ .ee ee . e .~¸:c .
ec .e: _e,.e'e.:· .·:_ee .. ·:.. .e..e: . ·e
. e e._e:. c · ..
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e : . . e:c, .e.o:.. . e.,qe . .e q .,e:~ c|.e|
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e.
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c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . ¡. ¡. ¡. ¡. ¡.
ee. ~.|~ e.e_e,.ce. .e|ee. e.e_e,.e: e:ee
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(index) . e e e:c,. e:. e:.q..~ee c. e qe e:c,
_ee. e.q:c.:· .eq_e,ee. .|.e .e_ee.~:c .e
.ce ¸., ~¸,.e:qee.
¸¸, e~ .~~¸''·e.e.q.e|ee.e .e..,.e¸¸.
.e .:e.e.e . e|ee.
~¸, .e: e:~ e ~e :e: .q..e.e|'' . e:e¸¸.~ ~. .c|.. .
e..:~.e_eee|ee. eee·, e:~e,:e__~__e. ~e
.~:c .e|ee . ~.e .~:c .e|ee. ~. ..~:c .e|ee.
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eeqee. e,~ ¸,:q~ ~eq:o_e. _ .¸,:qe ~eq:cc
ee . . _~:.o e : e , .e_ .¸ ,~ . e .¸~ e .~o ,:..¸c ee .
_., c,:q ~ ·,:q o ,:..¸c ee . ~ .| ~. ~.~ ¸c.~¸:
e .|..:~ ,:.e . ee. .e ee e:e|. c|e:ee ., . (Study
~,e:,) ~ce: SIEATA TWELVE TO TWO . e:. o:.
ee ·e . e ·, ee ~ e|. e ,.e_ ~ .:_e . . e.¸~e o_e,
e . . q ee. ee .e ,.~ .:_e. q eq:.~:c ....ee.
., .e -_ ._ .:qc .·|. , (G.H. Luce) ~ e .,ee
.e.¸~e..~¸:e _e,.:e|''. ee (Mrs Luce) ~ ..._e:
e|ee . c|ee:.~ ~. . e eec e:.. .qe : c, ...ee.
c|~ .¸eee..e ee.e~ ¸.e .¡¡¡, ~ ~¸e.e..:c.
¡¸ ¡¸ ¡¸ ¡¸ ¡¸ ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , .
q e.o:c c|..e .e:c..e: ...~.e~ (Air Conditioner)
e c e. .q.e:· .. ..¸..e~¸_e . ~.e ee c .e: · .. ~ e:
~. . . .:.,e ..'e|ee. ~ e¸¸._ec ~. ~e :.~.e :
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e:.~:c .eee · .. . e¸:.~ ~e ~o:.:.q.. c .e: ~. e
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ee. e:.q._eeec.. ~.~:c.oc .¸c e oc e :e|. ~qc
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c|.q.e e:~ e .e~ ·e . .e ee .. ·:._e:.. ·:
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. c ee. .q.e:~ ~e¸c .._eeee ._e.e¸: e ..·: (enter-
tainment) eee·.. ~.e.e¸q.¸~~ ec_eee ~e¸:. .
e .¸~, . .¸c. ee c| ~e ~ .e ¸e ~e c . ._e:e e_eeee.
ee .,~¸,. _.· e .¡¡¡,_e, e:.e c .~e ¸ .e¡~e_ .
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ec _eee. .~e ¸q¸ .~ ee. ,¸.eq_e ,..¸~ ¸e. e:c,
c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . ¡, ¡, ¡, ¡, ¡,
.eee.¸~, _e._e.:. _e..|,._e.:. o~c~_e._e.:.
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.. ~e¸cce_ee.c~ _e,e:.ec.e: ·:.e q:.e.e.e.
.. ¸Contribution, .,_e..e:.~: ·:.e.e.e... .
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e ..·:o:.~ ._e:c .e|. .e c .~ .c ., .e:e . cqc .e c .
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. c .e ..e~ . c ..eee c|e ~ ...|, ._e e . ~. ~e .,
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ee .
c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . ¡¸ ¡¸ ¡¸ ¡¸ ¡¸
.e c ..c , . .e c ..c , . .e c ..c , . .e c ..c , . .e c ..c , .
q, ~ , .~:. e e , .~ .c .e.. c e ·:.:qe ~ ,_ .. .q ¸
e c .e : .e c .·:.: .c e.e.. c · . oc ee . .c _e, .e:.
..e .e:c . (CIassicaI) . _e. ·q (Greek) , .q:e (Rome)
q:ecc .c ee . _e ..e: ..e .e . _e . ¡.q:e.e c. ~·.,
.ec..cee. .,:~ .ec.e|.e:~ .e: (D.G.E. HaII)
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, _ec.c.q..:. _e_e~ee.
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c, _~.~o ,:..e|~ .~:c ._e:e ~ ¡ .. , .e, ..'.c ._~_ .
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e~,e:.e: .|e¸¸.~ Sabotage ..'e :.e|. ~.¸¸e._e:.e:
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ee~.| ec.:.e~._.~.,~ _e,.~:c..ceq:
eq e ~._.~.,o .q:~ . :.ee. _e,.~:c .e .
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e e ~ ee _e . e e .e cc e:~.e: e e , _ee , .. ._e:
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e~ . . e : _e,e:.e c.~ . .c ee. . ¸e, (G.H. Luce)
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(Epigraphy) ~ ..qee. .¸e,~ ..e_e¸c e,eeeee.
~ . . .ee . e, ee e ee .~ ee._ .e|c .e (frame
work) .e.ee ~e c ..:. (detaiI) ~ .e: .~¸:~e: (Epi-
graphy) , q...:~ _e_ o_ ee ¡ .~ .:.~ . . .ee
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e c .o : (Studied Guess) _e. ._e:.c.e¸ ._e:ee.eec|.
e. ...c.~.e: ..e.e _e,e:.ec.~ ~·.eeeee.
.e , ee q: (Phayer) e e:.e. (Harvey) e ._e:.e¸e ee
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ee . e c.qc .~.o:~ ~o:. (Native Source) ~ . .e:
,_.ee. e...c·.e .e|.e:. eee¸¸.._e:qqc .¸e,
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.¸e, ~e¡~.: (Luce tradition) ~ eee. . ._e:e:
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ee _e_ eq:.e ¸qc _e_ ee. . ~ e . , .:.e: _~:_e
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.,.,.e: e.ee:~e _ee.:ee oce|ee. ~. ...e,
eoe·¸ (First Degree) .e.e, ee:·¸ (Master Degree)
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(TidaI Wave) ~¸.e: . ~..~.e¸:~ ~e¸~ ~e . _~ .~¸e
e:~ .e¸ee. ~.~e¸~~e.~ ·:c,:,.,qc. qee.
c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . ¡¡ ¡¡ ¡¡ ¡¡ ¡¡
.._~:c c|._~:c ..: c|,: _cc..,. ~~¸¸.e_ece|.
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e_ee.ce|. .e e_: cqe ...e|e .~:c_ecee. ~qc
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ee . e ·~ ._e:ee .,:~ ~e:...:c.~¸, .. e ~ ,:
ee ·:.q:·|e _~ ._~ .~¸e ~¸e eq ...e . . ..¸ ¸ .e.e.,
, eq. .ece_.e_. eeo:._e¸_e¸~ .ec_e¸_e¸ eeo:.
eeee ._e:c.e:~.e: _~:.:._e. ~.~ ¸c ..:~~e
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.cc .cc .cc .cc .cc ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , .
~.o e..qe|...ee. .~¸:.~:c~..~ .e._~:c
..e :'. ._e:e|ee. ~e:...:c .~¸, .. .:. ~._e:~.
e.c_.c..:. .e._e:e|. ''You dig your grave with teeth
or tongue'' .._e:.e.¸cee.
...e, ...:~ .~:c qc .|~ . ee ...e, ...:~ .~:c qc .|~ . ee ...e, ...:~ .~:c qc .|~ . ee ...e, ...:~ .~:c qc .|~ . ee ...e, ...:~ .~:c qc .|~ . ee
.e e, ..~¸:c .e : _e, e:.e c .~ ~. . .e., .e: o e . c
e ~.¸~ .e e| e .e _e. .c .e..¸cee. ~qc~. ¡.·., .
..:~ , e. ..:~ · .''. e_:ec ._~ . ¡ .· .o ~ ._e:.e:
...qc .ec.e e.e.ce, . .e .e.ee ._e:~e c.~e~
_ec¡..ç.e_e¸¸, ~.eec._e__e¸¸ .e:cec. e.e_e¸¸e:
.e ee''._e. .e.e: e.e¸.e_eç¸c -_e .¡.c· _.·e
.¡¡., ..|c...:c_e. e.e .q:.eqee. ¡..e¸c ¸.¸
e. c .¡c,., e~ec ·: .¡¡¸,. e|ee . _e,e:.ec .~
~qc ~. ec .ee e|.e ec ., .~.~ ~. e ~ ~e :¡ . ee:.e e
ec.~e_e. ·e. .c..~ee. .ec..~o~ ·:_ee
ee . e: e._e:· ~_~ ¸.e c . (Prehistory) e¸¸..e e·
..e ~c..e ~ ,..·:c..e ~ . , ..e . e .e .q.
q_e . . _e . ._.:~e c .. ee e c . ee e c .e : . c c .q. .e .q.
e .e :..q. ... (CuIture) . _e. ...., .. ee ~ .e e.e ~
._ ._e:_~ee . ._._e:e . o e :e e e.e ~ ,:.e._
ee.e ._e:e~.~:c .:.. ._e:.¸c. e|.,ee. e·..e
e.e:..q.~ c|._e:e ~.| e·.,q:e: .~.:qee ec.
c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . c| ._e:.¸c .e¸ c| ~._~:c . .c. .c. .c. .c. .c.
(Semi-desert) _eeee''. ._e:e: e|.:.e: ¡..e¸c~
~.|eee·.''. ._e:ee. e.e¸._~. e_ec~ eee¸e_ .
.:e .~.¸c..¸c. .._e:e: eee·.. cce._e:.c·.''
. ._e:ee . c|~.e: ·:ee._e:· .. .e _e ¸._e ¸.e .,ee.
e ·ee c ~ e: e ..~¸: ,e (Rain Shadow Area) ._.:~ .. ¸
qe (Dry Zone) _eeee. ·:._~:c..qc q.c,.e._~:c
_ee ee . . , .e·e e , .~ .e'.. .e.qc ~qc ~. e c., .
,.,. (6m. years-3m. years BP) ~ .e'.:e:. ·e
.e..e:.~ ._e:ee. e..~¸:,e (Rain Shadow Area)
._.:~..¸qe (Dry Zone) . qc e .e.~:c.. c ·. . e:.e:
...e, ...:~ .q:~ qc . e|ee . c|_e ¸., e ·:e eee . c
e|. e_ e_ ._e:.e: ¡.. e¸c ~e:. c|q ~ ee .
~·.e~.q.ec e~~ce~ _e,e:.ec., q:.¡e
Mackinzie,G.C. ''CIimate in Burmese History'', JBRS,
III,1,1913, 40-46 ..:c.e|.e: e··q:..e~ ee|.~o~
.~:c .e .e .e . ¸ee e · c, .~¸ce: . e q:. ¡e ._e:c .
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o,._ce. ¸¡..e.e:cecq¸·.o., ~·.e·:.:_e,o:.e
e:~e (Pagan, Pinya, Ava Inscriptions) .·¡¡ ~ .._e.
e · ee c~e: .eq ee e ..~:c.ee. ._e:.e:e|ee.
.ç .ç .ç .ç .ç ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , . ., .o , .
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~q c e,~:· c .¸¸¸ .e.e: c|q .¡cç¸ . ec ·: .¡¸¸,~
.~eqeq ee:·.:,.~¸:c.e~ .·:.qc ~._..~.¸~
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c,eee q.,qc .:.,:_e¸ .:.,:.e:c e_ee ,e|e.e
c,_....e:.qee ,e|e..~¸,.e:qee ~¸,.e:qc ·:
. e .¸c ee _:. e .¸c ee e e ~ .e¡ . qee . ~¸, .e:.q.
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.. ,e|e_eee|ee. e..e.,,ee:. ee.~:c. eq
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e e_ _e . ., . ., _ e . .. e ·.e:c. e~ e .~~· |
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eq:..q.c, _~ ..¸ ¸ e ¡ ._ec . , . eq:..q.c, _~ ..¸ ¸ e ¡ ._ec . , . eq:..q.c, _~ ..¸ ¸ e ¡ ._ec . , . eq:..q.c, _~ ..¸ ¸ e ¡ ._ec . , . eq:..q.c, _~ ..¸ ¸ e ¡ ._ec . , .
¸¸¸ .e.e:c|q .¡cc, .~:~e·: .¡¡,,
_e,e:.o.e.~e¸: (Burmese Folk Songs) CoI I ected
& TransI ated i nt o EngI i sh by Maung Myi nt Thei n,
wi th a Foreword by Maung Htin Aung. Oxford, The
Asoka Society 1970. ~·.e·:.:_e, o~.:.e: ·:
.:_e, ~ ~¸, .e: e ce ce~ ~. e qo:.e.e..e,
ee· eee.,..,ee''. e..~ ._e:ee. .~ ¡._ec
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. ·:.:_e, _e . ~e~ e o:.ee .,:~ (Cuardian)
o o_ ee . .:.e e¸:..:.e: e _e . e:ee ~ e .e e: c|
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eqc (Burma HistoricaI Commission) ~eee.
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(near future) e: c|.eee ~.:o, ecece|¡.
ee.
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21
st
century) e: ..|c...:c_ee_~.e:ee... ~.~.|
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e.~:c_ece|.
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.q ..e:c .. .e., (ArchaeoIogy) ~ .~:.e .q:~
~e_ .~ c|.,:e|ee . .e c .eee:_ee e Breasted,
Ancient 1umes ~ ~_~¸.ec. (Prehistory ) , ~e.ec.
(Protohistory) _eeee. ~.q..~:c.ee e.e ~e¸:._~.
, _~_ qe e qe: . e ee . ~· . e ·:.:~e ~ e:e e:~ .
.q.e eee:~. Leonard WooIIy, Digging up the Past~
eeqe ~.| e _e. ~_~¸.ec .~ eee|cce:..:ee . .,.,
_ee.¸_ee~ ~.qe (Assyria)ee ..:, , e(BabyIonia)
~:. . e(ChaIdea) ~·¸e (Egypt) _e.,..e~ _~_e..
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e~_~..e _e,..:~e e.~.¸e~.| .q.ee_..e -q:e
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.e .e_~..e .e'.:.e: . :._~_ ee. . . , .q ..e:c .
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(Epigraphty)e:. .q..e:c...e.,e_: ~e|~cc _ee
ee . e.. . e .ee e.c .e.ee . .e: . :._~_ ee .
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gicaI excavation) . e:.e e: .q .ee _.~ _~_ _e. .ee _.
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e_:e:, e_:e:, e_:e:, e_:e:, e_:e:,
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fessionaI Pride) .e:qee. ~.|eqqc ~.e.e e_ee ·..
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a man sows so shaII be reap) ec . e._ e:~e_ .~
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e|q··¸~e~ ~ .q.e .ee~.|
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.e .¡ , ee . .~¸:~ e:ec ~. (Estampages) .e .,.,e:
qee .eee¸:.e|·. ccc ..:~e|. .|.e~ ee (deci-
pher) qee .q:e~~q:e.e (transIiterate) .eqee.
.~¸:~e: eeec.. (FuII Text) .~¸:~ e: ~ee~e c .
(Extract) ~ ~·.e·:.:_e,qee. ~~,.. .~.e
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ee. ·:.:_e,e~.| ee...¸c._e,qc .~:c.e.:..
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. eqc.· ,e.:.e: e.qee. ¡ee:e¸~.:.e .c|e:q
e: (face) . ..,e:~ e¸~+.: (eye nose) . ·:.:
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ment) . e.q..ce|. ee.|e,.~.q:.¸e,~ ec.·:.:
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190 DR Than Tun 2

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