1

Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of
Islamic Juiispiudence Islamic Juiispiudence Islamic Juiispiudence Islamic Juiispiudence

A manual composed by Bi. Abdullah bin Hamid Ali A manual composed by Bi. Abdullah bin Hamid Ali A manual composed by Bi. Abdullah bin Hamid Ali A manual composed by Bi. Abdullah bin Hamid Ali


Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Table of Contents:

1 1 1 1 - -- - Pieface. Pieface. Pieface. Pieface. 3 33 3

2 2 2 2 - -- - Intioduction. Intioduction. Intioduction. Intioduction. 8 88 8

3 3 3 3 - -- - Pieiequi Pieiequi Pieiequi Pieiequisites of Piayei. sites of Piayei. sites of Piayei. sites of Piayei. 11 11 11 11

4 4 4 4 - -- - The Steps of The Steps of The Steps of The Steps of Wudoo Wudoo Wudoo Wudoo. .. . 13 13 13 13

5 5 5 5 - -- - How to Piay? How to Piay? How to Piay? How to Piay? 1 11 15 55 5

6 6 6 6 - -- - The Obligatoiy Piayeis, theii names, and times. The Obligatoiy Piayeis, theii names, and times. The Obligatoiy Piayeis, theii names, and times. The Obligatoiy Piayeis, theii names, and times. 28 28 28 28

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7 7 7 7 - -- - The Obligatoiy Piayeis, and theii Numbei of Units. The Obligatoiy Piayeis, and theii Numbei of Units. The Obligatoiy Piayeis, and theii Numbei of Units. The Obligatoiy Piayeis, and theii Numbei of Units. 31 31 31 31

8 8 8 8 - -- - The Audible Piayeis and Inaudible. The Audible Piayeis and Inaudible. The Audible Piayeis and Inaudible. The Audible Piayeis and Inaudible. 32 32 32 32

9 9 9 9 - -- - Piay Piay Piay Piayei in Congiegation. ei in Congiegation. ei in Congiegation. ei in Congiegation. 34 34 34 34

10 10 10 10 - -- - Things that Nullify the Piayei. Things that Nullify the Piayei. Things that Nullify the Piayei. Things that Nullify the Piayei. 39 39 39 39

11 11 11 11 - -- - Things that Nullify Things that Nullify Things that Nullify Things that Nullify Wudoo. Wudoo. Wudoo. Wudoo. 41 41 41 41

12 12 12 12 - -- - The Ritual Showei The Ritual Showei The Ritual Showei The Ritual Showei (Al (Al (Al (Al- -- -Chusl) Chusl) Chusl) Chusl) 44 44 44 44

13 13 13 13 - -- - The Voluntaiy Piayeis. The Voluntaiy Piayeis. The Voluntaiy Piayeis. The Voluntaiy Piayeis. 47 47 47 47

14 14 14 14 - -- - Diy Ablution Diy Ablution Diy Ablution Diy Ablution (Tayammum) (Tayammum) (Tayammum) (Tayammum) 52 52 52 52

15 15 15 15 - -- - Wiping ovei leathei socks Wiping ovei leathei socks Wiping ovei leathei socks Wiping ovei leathei socks (khuff) (khuff) (khuff) (khuff) 57 57 57 57

16 16 16 16 - -- - Wiping ovei the cast and medicated pad Wiping ovei the cast and medicated pad Wiping ovei the cast and medicated pad Wiping ovei the cast and medicated pad 59 59 59 59

17 17 17 17 - -- - Additional Shoit Additional Shoit Additional Shoit Additional Shoit Suiahs Suiahs Suiahs Suiahs 61 61 61 61
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Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of Piayei and Puiification accoiding to the Maaliki School of
Islamic Juiispiudence Islamic Juiispiudence Islamic Juiispiudence Islamic Juiispiudence
Foi new comeis to the Foi new comeis to the Foi new comeis to the Foi new comeis to the Islamic Islamic Islamic Islamic faith and othei conceined faith and othei conceined faith and othei conceined faith and othei conceined
Muslims Muslims Muslims Muslims

PREFACE PREFACE PREFACE PREFACE

All piaise is due to Allah. Allah. Allah. Allah. We beseech Him foi His aid and
foigiveness. Whoevei He guides, none can misguide. And
whomevei He misguides, he/she has no one capable of gianting
guidance. And I testify that theie is no deity othei than Him. He
has no associates. And I testify to the tiuthfulness of his Noble
Messengei, Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad - may Allah Allah Allah Allah bless him and giant him
peace.

This is a manual foi the Maaliki piayei. It is designed as a
iefeience book foi new comeis to Islam, although it can be a gieat
souice of benefit foi those seeking to know piayei as desciibed by
the |uiists of the Maaliki school of law.
4
The ieadei who is cognizant of the aiiangement of the chapteis in
the books of Fiqh (|uiispiudence) will immediately notice that I
didn`t follow the same pattein customaiily followed by Islamic
scholais; that being that the sub|ect of puiification (At (At (At (At- -- -Tahaaiah) Tahaaiah) Tahaaiah) Tahaaiah)
would usually be mentioned exhaustively in the fiist chaptei, then
followed by piayei (Salaat). (Salaat). (Salaat). (Salaat). As foi me, I chose to mix between the
chaptei of piayei and puiification, while placing the gieatest
impoitance on the pieiequisites of piayei and what follows it.
What led to this mixing was the ob|ective fiom wiiting about the
topic itself, which is to teach the new comei to the faith how to
piay. Theiefoie, I saw it necessaiy to aiiange the chapteis in the
mannei that you soon will see in the oidei of impoitance that it
would be deemed so with ielation to the new comei.
It appeaied to me to be most impoitant to fiist mention the
pieiequisites of piayei, since ones piayei would not valid if these
pieiequisites weie not fulfilled. I chose then to discuss the steps of
wudoo wudoo wudoo wudoo (ablution), since it is the only of the pieiequisites that is
absolutely iequiied foi the validity of ones piayei. The one who
isn`t in a state of minoi iitual puiity (wudoo) cannot piay, |ust as
weie they to do so the piayei would be invalid whethei oi not they
5
had the ability to peifoim wudoo, and whethei oi not they
iemembeied they weie in its inviolable state.
Aftei dealing with the pieiequisites, I explained the steps of the
piayei. Aftei leaining how to piay it seems most natuial foi one to
know what piayeis aie compulsoiy and which aie optional. So I
mentioned theii names, times, and the numbei of units that each is
compiised of.
Then, I pointed out which of the piayeis aie to be peifoimed
audibly and which aie not.
Aftei that, I talked about the congiegational piayei, and the
distinctions between it and the individual piayeis.
Aftei I felt that the new comei should know enough about his
piayei, I talked about those matteis that nullify ones piayei,
because once one is able to piay it would seem necessaiy foi them
to know what things iendei his/hei piayei to be null and void.
That`s namely because one should be woiking on how to peifect
ones piayei aftei knowing the physical exteiioi motions of it.
Next, I talk about the things that nullify ones wudoo, since it is an
absolutely necessaiy ingiedient foi the soundness of ones piayei.
And weie it invalid, the piayei would automatically be invalid by
6
extension, since the validity of the piayei is built upon the
soundness of ones ablution (wudoo).
Aftei that I talk about the iitual showei (al (al (al (al- -- -ghusl) ghusl) ghusl) ghusl), its steps, and
nullifieis as a way of biinging to the attention of the new comei
ceitain matteis that one must be conceined about in ones eveiyday
life, like how to bathe, and how to iemove ones state of ma|oi
iitual impuiity (al (al (al (al- -- -|anaabah) |anaabah) |anaabah) |anaabah) when woiship becomes a duty.
Then finally, I close with the chaptei dealing with voluntaiy
piayeis, and theii ielative desciiptions as a way of biinging oui
discussion to completion and peifection. Foi one may be
inteiested in knowing how one can gain additional iewaid foi ones
own sake.

I tiied to keep the language of this manual veiy simple and plain,
so that al-fiqh (|uiispiudence) could be accessible to all Muslims,
the educated and the unletteied, and the pooi and iich alike.
That`s because this knowledge is not the monopoly of any
paiticulai class oi iace, |ust as undeistanding it doesn`t iequiie an
extensive English vocabulaiy.
I adopted a simplified foim of tiansliteiation in an attempt to
make the memoiization of ceitain Islamic piayeis in Aiabic easy
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foi the new comeis who aie mainly non-Aiabic speakeis and
ieadeis. This in no means is an attempt to encouiage anyone not
to leain how to iead Aiabic letteis, etc. Rathei, it was done meiely
in consideiation of the gieat many people who have difficulty in
leaining Aiabic, as well as new comeis who aie obligated to piay
five times a day once they embiace Islam. It takes less time foi
them to memoiize a tiansliteiated text than it does foi one to leain
how to iead and wiite in Aiabic. So, one would definitely be
iequiied to eventually leain how to iecite all compulsoiy piayeis
in Aiabic, and theii piopei iecitations. So, it is simply a mattei of
necessity.
I didn`t adopt a moie scholaily foim of tiansliteiation, since the
bettei educated would not find any difficulty in decipheiing such a
basic tiansliteiation, wheieas the lessei educated would suiely find
gieat difficulty in tiying to iead a moie scholaily tiansliteiation.
And the Piophet said, Move at the pace of the weak amongst
you (seeioo saiia Du`afaa ikum).
So we ask Allah Allah Allah Allah, The Most High, to bless this ventuie, and make it
a souice of benefit to all Muslims seeking an easy way to become
acquainted with theii piayeis. Amin.

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INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Just as we found that when one accepted the Islamic faith theie
was a specific utteiance iequiied foi one to say in oidei to be
consideied a Muslim, theie aie also iules one must follow in
fulfilling the second pillai of Islam, piayei (Salaat).
Ceneially, it is a Muslim`s ob|ective in piayei to caiiy it out in the
same way that the Holy Messengei Muhammad - may Allah Allah Allah Allah bless
him and giant him peace - did so. Howevei, due to vaiiant
tiaditions and the level of theii weakness and stiength, theie had
aiisen a numbei of diffeient schools of |uiispiudence, each
defining the piayei in theii own paiticulai teims, and in
accoidance with the legislative piinciples adopted by the foundeis
of each individual school.
Of these vaiious schools of Sunni Muslims, theie only iemain 4
that have been accepted by all Sunni Muslims fiom as eaily as the
thiid centuiy of Islam until the piesent day. This acceptance
constitutes a consensus, which is consideied a legislative pioof in
the view of the oveiwhelming ma|oiity of Sunni scholais. The
iesult being that it would be equally valid foi one to emulate the
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foundei of any of the foui schools in the aiea of piayei, |ust as
such a piayei would be equally valid iegaidless of the paiticulai
|uiispiudence adopted. This in itself helps to save the Muslim
fiom gieat confusion with iegaid to his/hei ieligion. Foi it
piovides them with a simple and valid way of piaying without
sub|ecting them to the doubts and difficulties many have suffeied
fiom foi yeais as Muslims who constantly altei theii mannei of
piayei when confionted by ceitain tendencies cuiient in the
Islamic woild today. So, my advice to the new believei would be to
hold fast by this fiist foim of piayei that you shall leain heie in this
manual.
1
Know that, although youi piayei might diffei fiom many
otheis` styles of piaying, you do not violate any essential
component of the piayei that would iendei it invalid. And the
testimony of ovei a thousand yeais of Muslim scholaiship
tenaciously holding on to this paiticulai foim of piayei, as well as
the foims found in the othei thiee schools, is a testimony much
much moie woithy of consideiation, than the testimony and
ob|ections of modein-day dissenteis who have only appeaied
within the last centuiy.

1
The same goes foi the one who leains piayei accoiding to any of the othei accepted schools
of Islamic |uiispiudence.
10
The names of the 4 schools of Sunni Iaw aie 1) the Haanafi Haanafi Haanafi Haanafi
school, 2) the Maaliki Maaliki Maaliki Maaliki school, 3) the Shaafi`ee Shaafi`ee Shaafi`ee Shaafi`ee school, and 4) the
Hanbali Hanbali Hanbali Hanbali school. The foim of piayei explained in this manual is in
accoidance with the Maaliki school, especially since it is the school
studied and piacticed by the authoi. As foi now, we leave you with
The Muslim piayei accoiding to the Maaliki school of
|uiispiudence.














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The Pieiequisites of Piayei The Pieiequisites of Piayei The Pieiequisites of Piayei The Pieiequisites of Piayei

Foi piayei in Islam aie pieiequisites by which eveiy peison
seeking to peifoim the obligatoiy act of piayei must obseive in
oidei foi it to be consideied valid. The peison must obseive foui
matteis:
1 11 1 - One must face the diiection of Mecca One must face the diiection of Mecca One must face the diiection of Mecca One must face the diiection of Mecca. It is on the Noith
Ameiican continent appioximately the noitheastein diiection with
slight vaiiance fiom one locality to anothei.
2 2 2 2 - One must iemove fiom ones body all foims of filth e.g. uiine, One must iemove fiom ones body all foims of filth e.g. uiine, One must iemove fiom ones body all foims of filth e.g. uiine, One must iemove fiom ones body all foims of filth e.g. uiine,
feces, blood, etc feces, blood, etc feces, blood, etc feces, blood, etc.
3 3 3 3 - One must piopeily covei ones nakedness One must piopeily covei ones nakedness One must piopeily covei ones nakedness One must piopeily covei ones nakedness while placing special
emphasis on the piivate paits. Meaning, that one must be suie that
ones nakedness oi piivate paits aie not showing. This entails foi
the man to covei all between his navel and knees. It is piefeiied
that he also coveis the aiea above his navel up to his shouldeis. As
foi the woman, she is iequiied to covei hei entiie body with the
exception of hei face and hands.
12
The clothing of neithei the man noi the woman should be tight
fitting oi see-thiough.
2

4 44 4 - One must peifoim One must peifoim One must peifoim One must peifoim - -- - in piepaiation foi the piayei in piepaiation foi the piayei in piepaiation foi the piayei in piepaiation foi the piayei - -- - wh wh wh what is at is at is at is
known as known as known as known as wudu wudu wudu wudu. It is a special foim of washing of the bodily limbs
that we will specialize foi its steps a section of its own.















2
To get a moie detailed legal explanation of the limits of ones nakedness, one should enioll
in the neainess class on Maaliki law.
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The Steps of The Steps of The Steps of The Steps of Wudu Wudu Wudu Wudu

1 1 1 1 - One should begin ones wudu, |ust as all othei acts of woiship,
with the saying In th In th In th In the name of Allah,( e name of Allah,( e name of Allah,( e name of Allah,(bismillaa bismillaa bismillaa bismillaa). ). ). ).
2 2 2 2 - The fiist step aftei mentioning Allah`s Allah`s Allah`s Allah`s name is to wash fiom the
hands any filth oi othei mattei that may pievent watei fiom
dampening the skin.
3 3 3 3 - Next, one should iinse out his/hei mouth thiee times.
4 4 4 4 - Take watei up the nose and blow it out thiee times.
5 5 5 5 - Wash the face thiee times. The boundaiies of the face aie fiom
the fiont haiiline to the tip of the chin, and fiom the edge of one
eai to the othei. If one happens to have a beaid, he meiely wipes
ovei the top of it if the skin cannot be seen due to its denseness.
Howevei, if the beaid happens to be thin/shoit allowing foi one to
see the coloi of the skin, one must sepaiate the haiis of the beaid
to be suie that watei ieaches the skin.
6 6 6 6 - Wash the aims to and including the elbows, beginning fiom the
fingeitips, thiee times.
7 7 7 7 - Wipe the head. The way to do this is to inteilace the fingeis of
both hands. Position the two thumbs at each iespective tempoial
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lobe. Then, commence to wipe the head, staiting fiom the fiont
haiiline and ending up at the nape of the neck oi end of the
cianium, and then ietuin the hands back ovei the head until they
ieach the fiont haiiline once again. This all should be done in two
stiokes, using of the same watei.
8 8 8 8 - Wet the thumbs and index fingeis again, and wipe the backside
of the eais that aie closest to the head. Use the index fingeis to
wipe the holes of the eais.
9 9 9 9 - Wash each foot to and including the ankle thiee times staiting
with the iight foot. One should sepaiate the toes of each foot while
doing this with the pinky to insuie that watei gets between the gaps
of the toes.
10 10 10 10 - It is iecommended foi one to say: I beai witness that theie is I beai witness that theie is I beai witness that theie is I beai witness that theie is
no deity othei than no deity othei than no deity othei than no deity othei than Allah. Allah. Allah. Allah. He is alone, and has no associates. And He is alone, and has no associates. And He is alone, and has no associates. And He is alone, and has no associates. And
I beai witness th I beai witness th I beai witness th I beai witness that at at at Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad is his slave and messengei. ( is his slave and messengei. ( is his slave and messengei. ( is his slave and messengei. (Ash Ash Ash Ash
hadu allaa ilaaha illallahu wah dahu laa shaieekala wa hadu allaa ilaaha illallahu wah dahu laa shaieekala wa hadu allaa ilaaha illallahu wah dahu laa shaieekala wa hadu allaa ilaaha illallahu wah dahu laa shaieekala wa ash hadu ash hadu ash hadu ash hadu
anna Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluhu). anna Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluhu). anna Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluhu). anna Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluhu). Now you`ie ieady to
piay.



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How to piay How to piay How to piay How to piay

The woid foi piayei in Aiabic (which is the language of the
Qui` Qui` Qui` Qui`an an an an and Islam Islam Islam Islam) is Salaat Salaat Salaat Salaat. It is moie than what is known in othei
ieligious tiaditions as supplication, which is called Du`aa Du`aa Du`aa Du`aa. Rathei,
the piayei of Islam is moie likened to a complete seivice in itself,
since it is compiised of many units, bowings, piostiations,
supplications, and the like.
The obligatoiy piayei should begin with the iecitation of what is
teimed Al Al Al Al- -- -Iqaamah Iqaamah Iqaamah Iqaamah(The Fiist Call to Piayei). The woids of Al Al Al Al- -- -
Iqaamah Iqaamah Iqaamah Iqaamah aie as follows.
(Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, Ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, wa (Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, Ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, wa (Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, Ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, wa (Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, Ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, wa
ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas Salaati, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas Salaati, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas Salaati, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas Salaati,
Hayya alal falaah, qad qaama tis Salaatu, Allahu Akbai, Allahu Hayya alal falaah, qad qaama tis Salaatu, Allahu Akbai, Allahu Hayya alal falaah, qad qaama tis Salaatu, Allahu Akbai, Allahu Hayya alal falaah, qad qaama tis Salaatu, Allahu Akbai, Allahu
Akbai, Iaa ilaaha ill Allah.) Akbai, Iaa ilaaha ill Allah.) Akbai, Iaa ilaaha ill Allah.) Akbai, Iaa ilaaha ill Allah.)
( (( (Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no
deity but deity but deity but deity but Allah Allah Allah Allah, and I beai witne , and I beai witne , and I beai witne , and I beai witness that Muhammad is the ss that Muhammad is the ss that Muhammad is the ss that Muhammad is the
Messengei of Messengei of Messengei of Messengei of Allah Allah Allah Allah. Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity. . Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity. . Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity. . Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity.
Piayei has diawn neai. Piayei has diawn neai. Piayei has diawn neai. Piayei has diawn neai. Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. Theie is is Cieatei. Theie is is Cieatei. Theie is is Cieatei. Theie is
no god but no god but no god but no god but Allah Allah Allah Allah.) .) .) .)
16
Al Al Al Al- -- -Iqaamah Iqaamah Iqaamah Iqaamah should be iecited befoie obligatoiy piayeis, those
done in congiegation, as well as those peifoimed individually. As
foi the voluntaiy piayeis, it is not necessaiy noi piefeiable that
one iecites al al al al- -- -iqaamah iqaamah iqaamah iqaamah.
As foi the steps foi the Islamic piayei seivice, they aie as follows:

1 11 1 - Raise both hands paiallel with the shouldeis (almost as if
iaising them in suiiendei), and say Allahu Akbai Allahu Akbai Allahu Akbai Allahu Akbai (Allah is
Cieatest). No othei expiession will suffice. The hands aie not
iaised at any othei time duiing the piayei, |ust as the aims should
be at one`s sides as if standing at attention. This is the view of the
ma|oiity of Maliki |uiists, although it is also peimissible foi one to
piay with ones hands folded, the iight being ovei the left.
3
The
hands should be positioned between the chest and navel.

3
I deemed it impoitant to mention this, since theie is much dispute between most adheients
of the ieligion of the faith, who aie unleained, with iegaid to the peimissibility of piaying
with ones hands at ones sides. It might be wise foi one to abandon what they believe to be the
coiiect position oi even a valid position sometimes when they find that theii fellow biotheis
and sisteis in the faith have not yet leained to be toleiant to valid diffeiences of opinion. The
new Muslim will come to know this in no time, |ust as he`ll/she`ll come to know the ciicles
wheie it would be advisable to possibly abandon what one has leained initially to be coiiect
and valid. This would meiely be done foi the sake of pieseiving unity.
17
2 22 2 - Recite the opening chaptei of the Q QQ Qui`an ui`an ui`an ui`an entitled Al Al Al Al- -- -Faatiha Faatiha Faatiha Faatiha.
It must be iecited in Aiabic, although it is taken into account that
one may have difficulty in memoiizing it at the out stait. If this is
the case, one must find someone else who peifects its iecitation to
piay behind. This might entail attending the mosque at the
piesciibed times foi piayei. Howevei, if one doesn`t find someone
to piay behind, ieciting Al-Faatiha falls as an obligation, |ust as
one should not iecite anything in its stead. This is the populai view
in the Maliki School. Yet, theie is a minoi view that holds it to be
peimissible foi one to iecite ceitain foims of gloiification and
iemembiance. So, in accoidance with this second view, it is
iecommended foi one to say: Subhaan Allah wal Hamdu lillaa Subhaan Allah wal Hamdu lillaa Subhaan Allah wal Hamdu lillaa Subhaan Allah wal Hamdu lillaa
wa Allahu wa Allahu wa Allahu wa Allahu Akbai Akbai Akbai Akbai wa laa haula wa laa quw wata illaa billaa wa laa haula wa laa quw wata illaa billaa wa laa haula wa laa quw wata illaa billaa wa laa haula wa laa quw wata illaa billaa (Cloiy (Cloiy (Cloiy (Cloiy
be to be to be to be to Allah Allah Allah Allah. All piaise is due to . All piaise is due to . All piaise is due to . All piaise is due to Allah Allah Allah Allah. . . . Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatest. And theie is Cieatest. And theie is Cieatest. And theie is Cieatest. And theie
is no might and no powei except by is no might and no powei except by is no might and no powei except by is no might and no powei except by Allah Allah Allah Allah). ). ). ). This can be said until

As foi the validity of one piaying with ones hands at ones side, the pioofs of its validity will
not be mentioned heie. Rathei, I will specialize anothei woik foi that. It is sufficient to know
that the claim that you will heai fiom many with iegaid to the ieasoning behind Imaam
Maalik piaying with his hands at his sides being that he was toituied shaies no poition with
the tiuth. Especially since, the Imaam himself expiessly mentioned his piefeience of piaying
with his hands at his sides to his students as quoted in Al Al Al Al- -- -Mudawwanah Mudawwanah Mudawwanah Mudawwanah of Imaam Sahnoon.
18
one has fully memoiized Al-Faatiha. At that time, it is not
peimissible foi one to iecite anything in its stead.
As foi the woids of Al-Faatiha, they follow below.
Al Al Al Al- -- -hamdu lillaahi iab bil aalameen, ai iahmaa nii iaheem, hamdu lillaahi iab bil aalameen, ai iahmaa nii iaheem, hamdu lillaahi iab bil aalameen, ai iahmaa nii iaheem, hamdu lillaahi iab bil aalameen, ai iahmaa nii iaheem,
maaliki yo mid deen, iyyaaka na` budu wa iyyaaka nasta`een, ih maaliki yo mid deen, iyyaaka na` budu wa iyyaaka nasta`een, ih maaliki yo mid deen, iyyaaka na` budu wa iyyaaka nasta`een, ih maaliki yo mid deen, iyyaaka na` budu wa iyyaaka nasta`een, ih
dinas si iaw tal mus taqeem, siiaw ta dinas si iaw tal mus taqeem, siiaw ta dinas si iaw tal mus taqeem, siiaw ta dinas si iaw tal mus taqeem, siiaw tal ladheena an`amta alaihim, l ladheena an`amta alaihim, l ladheena an`amta alaihim, l ladheena an`amta alaihim,
ghaiiil magh doobi alaihim wa lad dawe leen. ghaiiil magh doobi alaihim wa lad dawe leen. ghaiiil magh doobi alaihim wa lad dawe leen. ghaiiil magh doobi alaihim wa lad dawe leen.
(All piaise is due to Allah, Ioid of the woilds, the Most Ciacious, (All piaise is due to Allah, Ioid of the woilds, the Most Ciacious, (All piaise is due to Allah, Ioid of the woilds, the Most Ciacious, (All piaise is due to Allah, Ioid of the woilds, the Most Ciacious,
the Most Meiciful, Mastei of the Day of Judgment. You alone do the Most Meiciful, Mastei of the Day of Judgment. You alone do the Most Meiciful, Mastei of the Day of Judgment. You alone do the Most Meiciful, Mastei of the Day of Judgment. You alone do
we woiship, and fiom You alone we beseech foi ai we woiship, and fiom You alone we beseech foi ai we woiship, and fiom You alone we beseech foi ai we woiship, and fiom You alone we beseech foi aid. Show us the d. Show us the d. Show us the d. Show us the
stiaight way, the way of those upon whom you have bestowed youi stiaight way, the way of those upon whom you have bestowed youi stiaight way, the way of those upon whom you have bestowed youi stiaight way, the way of those upon whom you have bestowed youi
giace. Not of those who have incuiied youi wiath. Noi of those giace. Not of those who have incuiied youi wiath. Noi of those giace. Not of those who have incuiied youi wiath. Noi of those giace. Not of those who have incuiied youi wiath. Noi of those
who aie astiay.) who aie astiay.) who aie astiay.) who aie astiay.)
Aftei saying Wa lad Dawl Ieen Wa lad Dawl Ieen Wa lad Dawl Ieen Wa lad Dawl Ieen you should say Aameen. Aameen. Aameen. Aameen. It is a
phiase that means O Allah! Resp O Allah! Resp O Allah! Resp O Allah! Respond! ond! ond! ond! It is iecommended that it
be said inaudibly (i.e. in a low voice). This is the populai opinion
held in the Maaliki School, although it is peimissible foi one to say
it out load. As foi the one leading, the piayei, he shouldn`t say it
19
unless it is duiing one of the inaudible piayeis wheie the iecitation
of Al-Faatiha is heaid.
4

3 33 3 - Recite any additional shoit chaptei (Suiah Suiah Suiah Suiah) of the Qui`an Qui`an Qui`an Qui`an one
might know. If not, the iecitation of the afoiementioned
gloiification will suffice until one memoiizes an additional Suiah
alongside Al-Faatiha.
4 44 4 - Aftei completing the Suiah oi gloiification (dhiki), one must
bow (iukoo`) while placing the palms of the hands on the knees.
Ones countenance should be pointed to the giound, and the back
should be stiaight. In plainei teims, the body should be shaped
like an inveited I. One should say while bowing Subhaana iab Subhaana iab Subhaana iab Subhaana iab
bil aZeem wa bi hamdih bil aZeem wa bi hamdih bil aZeem wa bi hamdih bil aZeem wa bi hamdih (Cloiy and Piaise be to my Ioid, The (Cloiy and Piaise be to my Ioid, The (Cloiy and Piaise be to my Ioid, The (Cloiy and Piaise be to my Ioid, The
Magnificent), Magnificent), Magnificent), Magnificent), although any othei gloiification would suffice.
5 55 5 - Retuin to the standing position. On the way up fiom bowing
(iukoo`), one should say Sami Allahu liman hamidah Sami Allahu liman hamidah Sami Allahu liman hamidah Sami Allahu liman hamidah (Allah (Allah (Allah (Allah
heais the one who piaises Him). heais the one who piaises Him). heais the one who piaises Him). heais the one who piaises Him). This is said if one is piaying
alone, oi is leading someone else in piayei. Howevei, if one is
following someone else this should not be said. That is, only the

4
It is also peimitted foi the Imam to say Aameen out loud, since theie exists sound hadiths
that mention the Piophet (pbuh) as having said Aameen until those in the iow behind him
could heai him say it. A above opinion is the standaid view taken by Maalikis.
20
one leading should say this. When piaying alone one should say in
addition to the pievious statement Rab banaa wa lakal Rab banaa wa lakal Rab banaa wa lakal Rab banaa wa lakal hamd hamd hamd hamd
(Oui Ioid! And foi You is all piaise). (Oui Ioid! And foi You is all piaise). (Oui Ioid! And foi You is all piaise). (Oui Ioid! And foi You is all piaise). If following someone else in
piayei, one should only say the lattei statement aftei the one
leading (imaam) says the foimei, |ust as the lattei statement
shouldn`t be said if one is leading someone else in piayei.
Meaning, that one should limit oneself to saying Sami Allahu Sami Allahu Sami Allahu Sami Allahu
liman hamidah. liman hamidah. liman hamidah. liman hamidah.
6 66 6 - Fall piostiate to the giound. Ones foiehead and nose should
touch the giound. The hands should be paiallel with the eais with
the fingeis pointing in a foiwaid diiection (i.e. the diiection of
piayei). When moving fiom the standing position into piostiation,
ones hands should touch the giound befoie the knees. The toes of
the feet should be pointing in the foiwaid diiection while
piostiating also. Not backwaid in the westeily diiection. The aims
of the male should be outspiead as if one had wings with elbows
bent in a way such that theii aims take the shape of two squaies,
one on both sides of the body.
5
The feet should have a small gap

5
Of couise, this is if one is able to do so. If one is in a tight iank with othei people it is not an
obligation to fulfill this iecommended act. Especially since, it would cause unnecessaiy
comfoit foi ones fellow biotheis and sisteis, and it would distiact them in a way that one
21
between them, and the knees should not be too close to the
abdominal aiea.
As foi the female, it should be the opposite. That is, the aims
should not be extended. Rathei, they should be constiicted and at
hei sides. The feet should be togethei.
It should be said while piostiating, Sub haanaka iab bee innee Sub haanaka iab bee innee Sub haanaka iab bee innee Sub haanaka iab bee innee
zalamtu nafsee wa zalamtu nafsee wa zalamtu nafsee wa zalamtu nafsee wa amiltu soo an fagh fiilee amiltu soo an fagh fiilee amiltu soo an fagh fiilee amiltu soo an fagh fiilee (Cloiy to You, My (Cloiy to You, My (Cloiy to You, My (Cloiy to You, My
Ioid! I have suiely wionged my soul and done evil, so foig Ioid! I have suiely wionged my soul and done evil, so foig Ioid! I have suiely wionged my soul and done evil, so foig Ioid! I have suiely wionged my soul and done evil, so foigive me). ive me). ive me). ive me).
Any othei gloiification will do also.
7 77 7 - Remove head and hands fiom flooi, and assume a sitting
postuie. The palms of the hands should iest on the thighs, and the
feet should be positioned in a way that the iight foot is piopped up
(toes pointing in the diiection of piayei) and the left foot should
be bent undeineath ones bottom. The left buttock should be
iesting on the flooi.
This is as long as one is able to do so. This might not be possible
when one is piaying with otheis in a tight iank. Heie, one can
simply fold ones left foot undeineath his/hei left buttock iesting

would not be able to focus in piayei. This might cause fiiction between one anothei and
violate the sense of biotheihood that is compulsoiy upon all Muslims. So, one should be
caieful not to abandon an obligation in oidei to peifoim something that is not thus.
22
the posteiioi upon it. If it is too ciowded one may sit in a way most
suitable to ones comfoit.
Duiing this sitting, one should say: Allah hum magh fiilee wai Allah hum magh fiilee wai Allah hum magh fiilee wai Allah hum magh fiilee wai
hamnee wa aafin hamnee wa aafin hamnee wa aafin hamnee wa aafinee ee ee ee wa`fu annee wa`fu annee wa`fu annee wa`fu annee (O Allah! Foigive me, have (O Allah! Foigive me, have (O Allah! Foigive me, have (O Allah! Foigive me, have
meicy upon me, cuie me, and paidon me). meicy upon me, cuie me, and paidon me). meicy upon me, cuie me, and paidon me). meicy upon me, cuie me, and paidon me). Howevei, any othei
foim of gloiification will be sufficient.
8 88 8 - Aftei sitting aftei the fiist piostiation, one piostiates a second
time in the same mannei as he/she did the fiist time while saying
the same gloiification/supplication. Step 1 to heie (step 8 i.e. end
of second piostiation) is consideied to be what is known as a
complete iak`at iak`at iak`at iak`at oi unit of piayei. A piayei may be compiised of 1,
2, 3, oi 4 units (iak`aat). (iak`aat). (iak`aat). (iak`aat).
9 99 9 - Retuin to standing position, and iepeat the same sequence of
actions pieviously mentioned.
10 10 10 10 - Instead of standing aftei the second piostiation, this time one
sits to iecite what is known as the tashahhud tashahhud tashahhud tashahhud (testimonial piayei).
Its woids aie as follows:
At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus
salawaatu lil laa. As salaamu alaika ai yuhan nabiyyu wa iah mat salawaatu lil laa. As salaamu alaika ai yuhan nabiyyu wa iah mat salawaatu lil laa. As salaamu alaika ai yuhan nabiyyu wa iah mat salawaatu lil laa. As salaamu alaika ai yuhan nabiyyu wa iah mat
Allahi wa baiakaatu. As salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaa dillaa his Allahi wa baiakaatu. As salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaa dillaa his Allahi wa baiakaatu. As salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaa dillaa his Allahi wa baiakaatu. As salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaa dillaa his
23
saaliheen. Ash hadu al laa ilaaha il Allah. Wa ash hadu anna saaliheen. Ash hadu al laa ilaaha il Allah. Wa ash hadu anna saaliheen. Ash hadu al laa ilaaha il Allah. Wa ash hadu anna saaliheen. Ash hadu al laa ilaaha il Allah. Wa ash hadu anna
Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluh. Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluh. Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluh. Muhammadan abduhu wa iasooluh.
(All salutations aie foi (All salutations aie foi (All salutations aie foi (All salutations aie foi Allah Allah Allah Allah. All puie things aie foi . All puie things aie foi . All puie things aie foi . All puie things aie foi Allah Allah Allah Allah. All . All . All . All
good things aie foi good things aie foi good things aie foi good things aie foi Allah Allah Allah Allah. Peace be upon you, O Piophet! And . Peace be upon you, O Piophet! And . Peace be upon you, O Piophet! And . Peace be upon you, O Piophet! And
Allah` Allah` Allah` Allah`s meicy and blessings. Peace be upon us, and upon s meicy and blessings. Peace be upon us, and upon s meicy and blessings. Peace be upon us, and upon s meicy and blessings. Peace be upon us, and upon Allah`s Allah`s Allah`s Allah`s
iighteous slaves. I testify t iighteous slaves. I testify t iighteous slaves. I testify t iighteous slaves. I testify that theie is no deity othei than hat theie is no deity othei than hat theie is no deity othei than hat theie is no deity othei than Allah Allah Allah Allah. . . .
And I testify that And I testify that And I testify that And I testify that Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad is His slave and His messengei.) is His slave and His messengei.) is His slave and His messengei.) is His slave and His messengei.)
11 11 11 11 - If the piayei being peifoimed is one that consists of only two
units (iak`aat), one may add any additional supplications aftei the
tashahhud; |ust as it is peimissible to confine the ones final piayei
to the afoiementioned tashahhud, then pioceed to exit the piayei.
The way to do this is to say the woids As As As As- -- -Salaamu alaikum Salaamu alaikum Salaamu alaikum Salaamu alaikum
(Peace be unto all (Peace be unto all (Peace be unto all (Peace be unto all of you) of you) of you) of you) while tuining the head to the iight
shouldei, the measuie of appioximately a 45 degiee angle.

[ [ [ [Note Note Note Note: If one is being lead in piayei, his/oi hei depaituie fiom it : If one is being lead in piayei, his/oi hei depaituie fiom it : If one is being lead in piayei, his/oi hei depaituie fiom it : If one is being lead in piayei, his/oi hei depaituie fiom it
would diffei fiom that of the one leading. As foi the would diffei fiom that of the one leading. As foi the would diffei fiom that of the one leading. As foi the would diffei fiom that of the one leading. As foi the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam
(leadei), he exits the piayei by tuining his head to the iight and (leadei), he exits the piayei by tuining his head to the iight and (leadei), he exits the piayei by tuining his head to the iight and (leadei), he exits the piayei by tuining his head to the iight and
saying saying saying saying As As As As- -- -Sal Sal Sal Salaamu alaikum. aamu alaikum. aamu alaikum. aamu alaikum. As foi the followei, he oi she is to As foi the followei, he oi she is to As foi the followei, he oi she is to As foi the followei, he oi she is to
give salaams (i.e. say give salaams (i.e. say give salaams (i.e. say give salaams (i.e. say as as as as- -- -salaamu alaikum) salaamu alaikum) salaamu alaikum) salaamu alaikum) once to the iight, once to the iight, once to the iight, once to the iight,
24
once to the once to the once to the once to the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam in fiom of him/hei, and once to the peison on in fiom of him/hei, and once to the peison on in fiom of him/hei, and once to the peison on in fiom of him/hei, and once to the peison on
ones left side if theie is one.j ones left side if theie is one.j ones left side if theie is one.j ones left side if theie is one.j

Howevei, if the piayei happens to consist of moie than two units,
one stands, aftei the completion of the fiist tashahhud, foi the
thiid iak`at (unit) oi fouith if the piayei consists of foui units. If
the piayei is one unit, one obviously iemains seated aftei
completing the second piostiation, then exits fiom the piay with
the tasleemah tasleemah tasleemah tasleemah (i.e. to say as-salaamu alaikum).
When the piayei exceeding two units is an audible piayei, the
consecutive unit/units aie said silently.
Upon completing the final unit (iak`at) of the piayei exceeding
two units, one sits again to iecite the tashahhud, and any
additional supplication sending piaises and salutations upon the
Piophet - peace be upon him - befoie exiting the piayei in the
customaiy fashion. Howevei, it is iecommended to say the
following aftei ieciting the tashahhud:
wa ash hadu annal ladhee |aa wa ash hadu annal ladhee |aa wa ash hadu annal ladhee |aa wa ash hadu annal ladhee |aa- -- -a bihee Muhammadun haq qun, wa a bihee Muhammadun haq qun, wa a bihee Muhammadun haq qun, wa a bihee Muhammadun haq qun, wa
annal |annata haq qun wa annan naaia haq qun, wa annas saa`ata annal |annata haq qun wa annan naaia haq qun, wa annas saa`ata annal |annata haq qun wa annan naaia haq qun, wa annas saa`ata annal |annata haq qun wa annan naaia haq qun, wa annas saa`ata
aatiyatun laa iaiba feehaa wa an Allaha yab`athu man fil qabooi. aatiyatun laa iaiba feehaa wa an Allaha yab`athu man fil qabooi. aatiyatun laa iaiba feehaa wa an Allaha yab`athu man fil qabooi. aatiyatun laa iaiba feehaa wa an Allaha yab`athu man fil qabooi.
Allahumma salli alaa Muhammadin wa alaa a Allahumma salli alaa Muhammadin wa alaa a Allahumma salli alaa Muhammadin wa alaa a Allahumma salli alaa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, ali Muhammadin, ali Muhammadin, ali Muhammadin,
25
kamaa sallaita alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, wa baaiik kamaa sallaita alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, wa baaiik kamaa sallaita alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, wa baaiik kamaa sallaita alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, wa baaiik
alaa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa baaiakta alaa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa baaiakta alaa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa baaiakta alaa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa baaiakta
alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, fil aalameen, innaka alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, fil aalameen, innaka alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, fil aalameen, innaka alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem, fil aalameen, innaka
Hameedun Ma|eed. Hameedun Ma|eed. Hameedun Ma|eed. Hameedun Ma|eed.
(And I testify that what (And I testify that what (And I testify that what (And I testify that what Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad c cc came with is tiue, and that ame with is tiue, and that ame with is tiue, and that ame with is tiue, and that
Paiadise/Heaven is tiue, and Hell is tiue, and the Houi is coming Paiadise/Heaven is tiue, and Hell is tiue, and the Houi is coming Paiadise/Heaven is tiue, and Hell is tiue, and the Houi is coming Paiadise/Heaven is tiue, and Hell is tiue, and the Houi is coming
- -- - theie`s no doubt about it, and that theie`s no doubt about it, and that theie`s no doubt about it, and that theie`s no doubt about it, and that Allah Allah Allah Allah will iaise those who aie will iaise those who aie will iaise those who aie will iaise those who aie
in the giaves. O in the giaves. O in the giaves. O in the giaves. O Allah Allah Allah Allah! Send piayeis upon ! Send piayeis upon ! Send piayeis upon ! Send piayeis upon Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad, and on the , and on the , and on the , and on the
family of family of family of family of Muhammad, Muhammad, Muhammad, Muhammad, |ust as you |ust as you |ust as you |ust as you sent piayeis upon Abiaham and sent piayeis upon Abiaham and sent piayeis upon Abiaham and sent piayeis upon Abiaham and
on the family of Abiaham. And bless on the family of Abiaham. And bless on the family of Abiaham. And bless on the family of Abiaham. And bless Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad and the family and the family and the family and the family
of of of of Muhammad, Muhammad, Muhammad, Muhammad, like you blessed Abiaham and the family of like you blessed Abiaham and the family of like you blessed Abiaham and the family of like you blessed Abiaham and the family of
Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of Piaise, Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of Piaise, Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of Piaise, Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of Piaise,
Magnanimous.) Magnanimous.) Magnanimous.) Magnanimous.)

Oi,

Allahumma salli alaa Muhammad Allahumma salli alaa Muhammad Allahumma salli alaa Muhammad Allahumma salli alaa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, in wa alaa aali Muhammadin, in wa alaa aali Muhammadin, in wa alaa aali Muhammadin,
wai ham Muhammadan wa aala Muhammadin, wa baaiik alaa wai ham Muhammadan wa aala Muhammadin, wa baaiik alaa wai ham Muhammadan wa aala Muhammadin, wa baaiik alaa wai ham Muhammadan wa aala Muhammadin, wa baaiik alaa
Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita wa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita wa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita wa Muhammadin wa alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita wa
iahimta wa baaiakta alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem fil iahimta wa baaiakta alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem fil iahimta wa baaiakta alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem fil iahimta wa baaiakta alaa Ibiaaheem wa alaa aali Ibiaaheem fil
aalameen innaka Hameedun Ma|eed. aalameen innaka Hameedun Ma|eed. aalameen innaka Hameedun Ma|eed. aalameen innaka Hameedun Ma|eed.
26
Allahumma salli Allahumma salli Allahumma salli Allahumma salli alaa malaa alaa malaa alaa malaa alaa malaa- -- -ikatika wal muqaiiabeen wa alaa ikatika wal muqaiiabeen wa alaa ikatika wal muqaiiabeen wa alaa ikatika wal muqaiiabeen wa alaa
anbiyaa anbiyaa anbiyaa anbiyaa- -- -ika wal muisaleen wa alaa ahli taa`atika a|ma`een. ika wal muisaleen wa alaa ahli taa`atika a|ma`een. ika wal muisaleen wa alaa ahli taa`atika a|ma`een. ika wal muisaleen wa alaa ahli taa`atika a|ma`een.
Allahum maghfiilee wa li waalidayya wa li a Allahum maghfiilee wa li waalidayya wa li a Allahum maghfiilee wa li waalidayya wa li a Allahum maghfiilee wa li waalidayya wa li a- -- -immatinaa wa liman immatinaa wa liman immatinaa wa liman immatinaa wa liman
sabaqanaa fil eemaan maghfi iatan azmah. sabaqanaa fil eemaan maghfi iatan azmah. sabaqanaa fil eemaan maghfi iatan azmah. sabaqanaa fil eemaan maghfi iatan azmah.
Allahumma innee as aluka min kulli khaiiin s Allahumma innee as aluka min kulli khaiiin s Allahumma innee as aluka min kulli khaiiin s Allahumma innee as aluka min kulli khaiiin sa alaka minhu a alaka minhu a alaka minhu a alaka minhu
Muhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a`oodhu bika min kulli shaiiin sa Muhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a`oodhu bika min kulli shaiiin sa Muhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a`oodhu bika min kulli shaiiin sa Muhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a`oodhu bika min kulli shaiiin sa
alaka minhu Muhammadun nabiyyuk. alaka minhu Muhammadun nabiyyuk. alaka minhu Muhammadun nabiyyuk. alaka minhu Muhammadun nabiyyuk.
Allahum maghfii lanaa maa qaddamnaa wa maa akh khainaa wa Allahum maghfii lanaa maa qaddamnaa wa maa akh khainaa wa Allahum maghfii lanaa maa qaddamnaa wa maa akh khainaa wa Allahum maghfii lanaa maa qaddamnaa wa maa akh khainaa wa
maa aalannaa wa maa asiainaa wa maa anta aalamu bihi minnaa. maa aalannaa wa maa asiainaa wa maa anta aalamu bihi minnaa. maa aalannaa wa maa asiainaa wa maa anta aalamu bihi minnaa. maa aalannaa wa maa asiainaa wa maa anta aalamu bihi minnaa.
Rabbanaa aatinaa fid dunyaa Rabbanaa aatinaa fid dunyaa Rabbanaa aatinaa fid dunyaa Rabbanaa aatinaa fid dunyaa hasanah wa fil aakhiiati hasanah wa hasanah wa fil aakhiiati hasanah wa hasanah wa fil aakhiiati hasanah wa hasanah wa fil aakhiiati hasanah wa
qinaa adhaaban naai. qinaa adhaaban naai. qinaa adhaaban naai. qinaa adhaaban naai.
Wa a`oodhu bika min fitna til mahyaa wal mamaat, wa fitna til Wa a`oodhu bika min fitna til mahyaa wal mamaat, wa fitna til Wa a`oodhu bika min fitna til mahyaa wal mamaat, wa fitna til Wa a`oodhu bika min fitna til mahyaa wal mamaat, wa fitna til
adhaabil qabi wa fitna til masee hid da||aal wa min adhaabin naai adhaabil qabi wa fitna til masee hid da||aal wa min adhaabin naai adhaabil qabi wa fitna til masee hid da||aal wa min adhaabin naai adhaabil qabi wa fitna til masee hid da||aal wa min adhaabin naai
wa soo il maseei. wa soo il maseei. wa soo il maseei. wa soo il maseei.
As salaamu alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa iahmat Alla As salaamu alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa iahmat Alla As salaamu alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa iahmat Alla As salaamu alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa iahmat Allahi wa hi wa hi wa hi wa
baiakaatu, was salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaadillaahis saaliheen. baiakaatu, was salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaadillaahis saaliheen. baiakaatu, was salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaadillaahis saaliheen. baiakaatu, was salaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaadillaahis saaliheen.

(O (O (O (O Allah! Allah! Allah! Allah! Send piayeis upon Send piayeis upon Send piayeis upon Send piayeis upon Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad and the on the family of and the on the family of and the on the family of and the on the family of
Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad. Have meicy upon . Have meicy upon . Have meicy upon . Have meicy upon Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad and on the family of and on the family of and on the family of and on the family of
Muhammad. Muhammad. Muhammad. Muhammad. Bless Bless Bless Bless Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad and the family of and the family of and the family of and the family of Muhammad, Muhammad, Muhammad, Muhammad, like like like like
you you you you sent piayeis, showed meicy, and blessed Abiaham and the sent piayeis, showed meicy, and blessed Abiaham and the sent piayeis, showed meicy, and blessed Abiaham and the sent piayeis, showed meicy, and blessed Abiaham and the
27
family of Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of family of Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of family of Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of family of Abiaham. With all the cieation you aie Woithy of
Piaise, Magnanimous. Piaise, Magnanimous. Piaise, Magnanimous. Piaise, Magnanimous.
O O O O Allah! Allah! Allah! Allah! Send piayeis upon youi angels and those diawn neai (to Send piayeis upon youi angels and those diawn neai (to Send piayeis upon youi angels and those diawn neai (to Send piayeis upon youi angels and those diawn neai (to
you), and on youi piophets and those sent, and on all t you), and on youi piophets and those sent, and on all t you), and on youi piophets and those sent, and on all t you), and on youi piophets and those sent, and on all the people he people he people he people
who constantly obey you. who constantly obey you. who constantly obey you. who constantly obey you.
O O O O Allah! Allah! Allah! Allah! Foigive me, my paients, oui leadeis, and all who Foigive me, my paients, oui leadeis, and all who Foigive me, my paients, oui leadeis, and all who Foigive me, my paients, oui leadeis, and all who
pieceded us in faith a paidon iesolved. pieceded us in faith a paidon iesolved. pieceded us in faith a paidon iesolved. pieceded us in faith a paidon iesolved.
O O O O Allah! Allah! Allah! Allah! I ask of you all good that I ask of you all good that I ask of you all good that I ask of you all good that Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad asked of You, and asked of You, and asked of You, and asked of You, and
I take iefuge with you fiom all evil I take iefuge with you fiom all evil I take iefuge with you fiom all evil I take iefuge with you fiom all evil Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad took iefuge took iefuge took iefuge took iefuge with with with with
You fiom it. You fiom it. You fiom it. You fiom it.
O O O O Allah! Allah! Allah! Allah! Foigive us what we have set foith, what have not yet Foigive us what we have set foith, what have not yet Foigive us what we have set foith, what have not yet Foigive us what we have set foith, what have not yet
committed, what we have done openly, what we have done committed, what we have done openly, what we have done committed, what we have done openly, what we have done committed, what we have done openly, what we have done
secietly, and what you aie moie acquainted with it than we aie. secietly, and what you aie moie acquainted with it than we aie. secietly, and what you aie moie acquainted with it than we aie. secietly, and what you aie moie acquainted with it than we aie.
Oui Ioid! Cive us good in the woild, and good in the H Oui Ioid! Cive us good in the woild, and good in the H Oui Ioid! Cive us good in the woild, and good in the H Oui Ioid! Cive us good in the woild, and good in the Heieaftei, eieaftei, eieaftei, eieaftei,
and shield us fiom the Fiie. and shield us fiom the Fiie. and shield us fiom the Fiie. and shield us fiom the Fiie.
And I take iefuge with you fiom the tiial of life and death, fiom And I take iefuge with you fiom the tiial of life and death, fiom And I take iefuge with you fiom the tiial of life and death, fiom And I take iefuge with you fiom the tiial of life and death, fiom
the tiial of the chastisement of the giave, the tiial of the Anti the tiial of the chastisement of the giave, the tiial of the Anti the tiial of the chastisement of the giave, the tiial of the Anti the tiial of the chastisement of the giave, the tiial of the Anti- -- -
Chiist, and fiom an evil outcome. Chiist, and fiom an evil outcome. Chiist, and fiom an evil outcome. Chiist, and fiom an evil outcome.
I testify that theie is no deity othei than I testify that theie is no deity othei than I testify that theie is no deity othei than I testify that theie is no deity othei than Allah Allah Allah Allah, and I testify that , and I testify that , and I testify that , and I testify that
Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad is His slave and His messengei.) is His slave and His messengei.) is His slave and His messengei.) is His slave and His messengei.)

28
The Obligatoiy Piayeis, Theii Names, and Times The Obligatoiy Piayeis, Theii Names, and Times The Obligatoiy Piayeis, Theii Names, and Times The Obligatoiy Piayeis, Theii Names, and Times

The obligatoiy piayeis aie five in numbei. Some of them aie
peifoimed duiing the daylight houis while otheis aie peifoimed at
night. Some of them aie peifoimed audibly, some inaudibly, while
otheis aie paitly audible, paitly inaudible. What we mean by the
piayei being audible is foi Al-Faatiha and the subsequent Suiah to
be iecited aloud. We mean by the piayei being inaudible the
opposite. As foi it being paitly audible and paitly inaudible, we
mean that Al-Faatiha and the Suiah aie iecited aloud in some
units (iakats), and not iecited aloud in otheis. The obligatoiy
piayeis in the oidei that they occui within a 24 houi peiiod aie as
listed below.

1 11 1 - Subh: Subh: Subh: Subh: The Dawn Piayei. Known as Fa|i Fa|i Fa|i Fa|i in the ciicles of most
Muslims. Fa|i is a sepaiate voluntaiy piayei in the |uiispiudence
of the Maliki school peifoimed befoie Subh, although within the
lattei`s timefiame. That time being at the fiist bieak of dawn while
it is still daik befoie the sun bieaks the hoiizon. Once the sun
bieaks thiough the hoiizon, the time foi Subh has elapsed. Hence,
29
it is not peimissible foi one to peifoim any piayei at that time
until the sun has completely iisen.
6

2 2 2 2 - Z ZZ Zuhi: uhi: uhi: uhi: The Midday Piayei. That is, aftei the sun has passed its
midway passage (meiidian) and begins its decline in the westein
poition of the sky. Its time extends until the time foi the next
piayei.
3 33 3 - Asi: Asi: Asi: Asi: The Afteinoon Piayei. The time foi this piayei extends
until sunset, anothei time at which piayeis aie piohibited until the
sun has completely set.
4 44 4 - Maghiib: Maghiib: Maghiib: Maghiib: The Sunset Piayei. Aftei the sun has completely set,
this piayei becomes obligatoiy. Theie is enoimous emphasis with
iegaid to peifoiming this piayei as soon as its time enteis. Its
meiits aie achieved by peifoiming it at its eailiest time. The latei
one waits to peifoim it, the moie disliked/undesiiable it is to piay
it, although it would iemain ones obligation to do so in such a case.
5 55 5 - Ishaa: Ishaa: Ishaa: Ishaa: The Evening Piayei. Its time begins at the teimination
of the time foi the Maghiib piayei, and should be piayed befoie

6
That is, at least, if one has alieady piayed Subh. As foi when one hasn`t piayed it, it may be
piayed as long as one has enough time to complete one iakat of piayei befoie the sun has
completely iisen oi set. If not, one has to wait until the descent oi ascension of the sun in
complete.
30
the fiist thiid of the night has passed, although its time extends
until the time of the dawn piayei (subh).
Foi the times of each piayei, one should check with one of the
local mosques to obtain a piayei schedule, oi should leain how to
deteimine them foi ones self thiough attending one of the sessions
dealing with the |uiispiudence of woiship (fiqh al-ibaadaat) that
aie piesented at the Quba Quba Quba Quba Institute Institute Institute Institute oi wheievei else they might be
offeied.













31
The Obligatoiy Piayeis and the Theii Numbei of Units The Obligatoiy Piayeis and the Theii Numbei of Units The Obligatoiy Piayeis and the Theii Numbei of Units The Obligatoiy Piayeis and the Theii Numbei of Units

1 11 1 - Subh Subh Subh Subh = 2 units (iak`aat).
2 22 2 - Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi = 4 units.
3 33 3 - Asi Asi Asi Asi = 4 units.
4 44 4 - Maghiib Maghiib Maghiib Maghiib = 3 units.
5 55 5 - Ishaa Ishaa Ishaa Ishaa = 4 units.

[ [[ [Not Not Not Note ee e: The shoitest of the obligatoiy piayeis is 2 units. It is a iule : The shoitest of the obligatoiy piayeis is 2 units. It is a iule : The shoitest of the obligatoiy piayeis is 2 units. It is a iule : The shoitest of the obligatoiy piayeis is 2 units. It is a iule
that one must sit aftei the second piostiation at the end of eveiy 2 that one must sit aftei the second piostiation at the end of eveiy 2 that one must sit aftei the second piostiation at the end of eveiy 2 that one must sit aftei the second piostiation at the end of eveiy 2
units to iecite the units to iecite the units to iecite the units to iecite the tashahhud tashahhud tashahhud tashahhud iegaidless of how many units the iegaidless of how many units the iegaidless of how many units the iegaidless of how many units the
piayei may be. In the case of Maghiib, theie is a second piayei may be. In the case of Maghiib, theie is a second piayei may be. In the case of Maghiib, theie is a second piayei may be. In the case of Maghiib, theie is a second sitting at sitting at sitting at sitting at
the end of the thiid unit. Contiaiy to the case of the othei piayeis the end of the thiid unit. Contiaiy to the case of the othei piayeis the end of the thiid unit. Contiaiy to the case of the othei piayeis the end of the thiid unit. Contiaiy to the case of the othei piayeis
wheie the second sitting occuis at the end of the fouith unit in wheie the second sitting occuis at the end of the fouith unit in wheie the second sitting occuis at the end of the fouith unit in wheie the second sitting occuis at the end of the fouith unit in
accoidance with the afoiementioned iule stating that theie is a accoidance with the afoiementioned iule stating that theie is a accoidance with the afoiementioned iule stating that theie is a accoidance with the afoiementioned iule stating that theie is a
sitting foi the sitting foi the sitting foi the sitting foi the tashahhud tashahhud tashahhud tashahhud at the teimination of at the teimination of at the teimination of at the teimination of eveiy two units eveiy two units eveiy two units eveiy two units
(iak`aat) (iak`aat) (iak`aat) (iak`aat).j .j .j .j



32
The Audible Piayeis and The Inaudible The Audible Piayeis and The Inaudible The Audible Piayeis and The Inaudible The Audible Piayeis and The Inaudible

1 11 1 - Subh Subh Subh Subh is an audible piayei. Meaning, that the iecitation of the
Al-Faatiha and anothei Suiah is iecited aloud in both iakats. In
addition to this, it is iecommended that one iecite what is called
Du`aa al Du`aa al Du`aa al Du`aa al- -- -qunoot qunoot qunoot qunoot once iecitation has been teiminated at the end of
the second iak`at (unit). It is piefeiable to do it befoie one
changes to the position of bowing (iukoo`), although it is
peimissible to iecite it aftei iising fiom iukoo` befoie moving to
the position of piostiation. The woids of al-qunoot aie as follows:

Allahumma innaa nasta`eenuka wa nastagh fiiuk, wa numinu Allahumma innaa nasta`eenuka wa nastagh fiiuk, wa numinu Allahumma innaa nasta`eenuka wa nastagh fiiuk, wa numinu Allahumma innaa nasta`eenuka wa nastagh fiiuk, wa numinu
bika wa natawakkalu alaik, wa nakh na`u laka wa nakh la`u, wa bika wa natawakkalu alaik, wa nakh na`u laka wa nakh la`u, wa bika wa natawakkalu alaik, wa nakh na`u laka wa nakh la`u, wa bika wa natawakkalu alaik, wa nakh na`u laka wa nakh la`u, wa
natiuku man yakfuiuk. natiuku man yakfuiuk. natiuku man yakfuiuk. natiuku man yakfuiuk.
Allahumma iyyaaka na`bud, wa Allahumma iyyaaka na`bud, wa Allahumma iyyaaka na`bud, wa Allahumma iyyaaka na`bud, wa laka nusallee wa nas|ud, ilaika laka nusallee wa nas|ud, ilaika laka nusallee wa nas|ud, ilaika laka nusallee wa nas|ud, ilaika
nas`aa wa nah fid, nai|oo iahma taka wa nakhaafu adhaabak. Inna nas`aa wa nah fid, nai|oo iahma taka wa nakhaafu adhaabak. Inna nas`aa wa nah fid, nai|oo iahma taka wa nakhaafu adhaabak. Inna nas`aa wa nah fid, nai|oo iahma taka wa nakhaafu adhaabak. Inna
adhaabaka bil kaafiieena mulhiq. adhaabaka bil kaafiieena mulhiq. adhaabaka bil kaafiieena mulhiq. adhaabaka bil kaafiieena mulhiq.

(O (O (O (O Allah! Allah! Allah! Allah! Veiily, we seek youi aid, and foigiveness. We believe in Veiily, we seek youi aid, and foigiveness. We believe in Veiily, we seek youi aid, and foigiveness. We believe in Veiily, we seek youi aid, and foigiveness. We believe in
you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up. you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up. you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up. you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up. We We We We
33
ienounce he who is ungiateful to you. O ienounce he who is ungiateful to you. O ienounce he who is ungiateful to you. O ienounce he who is ungiateful to you. O Allah! Allah! Allah! Allah! Only You do we Only You do we Only You do we Only You do we
woiship, and to You we piay and piostiate. To You we aspiie, and woiship, and to You we piay and piostiate. To You we aspiie, and woiship, and to You we piay and piostiate. To You we aspiie, and woiship, and to You we piay and piostiate. To You we aspiie, and
hasten (in action). We hope foi Youi meicy, and we feai Youi hasten (in action). We hope foi Youi meicy, and we feai Youi hasten (in action). We hope foi Youi meicy, and we feai Youi hasten (in action). We hope foi Youi meicy, and we feai Youi
chastisement. Veiily, Youi chastisement will oveitake ie|ecteis chastisement. Veiily, Youi chastisement will oveitake ie|ecteis chastisement. Veiily, Youi chastisement will oveitake ie|ecteis chastisement. Veiily, Youi chastisement will oveitake ie|ecteis of of of of
faith.) faith.) faith.) faith.)

Du`aa al-Qunoot should be iecited inaudibly.

2 22 2 - Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi is totally inaudible with the exception of the takbeeis takbeeis takbeeis takbeeis (i.e.
to say Allahu Akbai befoie each motion), the concluding salaam,
etc.
3 33 3 - Asi Asi Asi Asi is also inaudible. It is exactly identical to Zuhi in its
peifoimance with the exception of ceitain iecommended suiahs to
be iecited.
4 44 4 - Maghiib Maghiib Maghiib Maghiib is paitly audible, and paitly inaudible. The fiist two
units aie audible. As foi the last unit, it is inaudible.
5 55 5 - Ishaa Ishaa Ishaa Ishaa is also paitly audible, and paitly inaudible. The fiist two
units aie audible. The last two aie inaudible.



34
Piayei in Congiegation Piayei in Congiegation Piayei in Congiegation Piayei in Congiegation

The Piophet of Islam - may Allah Allah Allah Allah bless him and giant him peace -
placed gieat emphasis on piayei in congiegation at the mosque.
Piophetic tiaditions (hadiths) point out the supeiioiity of piaying
in congiegation so much so that its iewaids aie at least 25 times
moie meiitoiious than ones piayei alone in ones home (i.e. with
iegaid to men). As foi women, piayei in theii homes aie moie
meiitoiious, although theie is no ob|ection to them attending
congiegational piayeis at mosques as long as they obseive the
piopei conduct of the mosque. That is, not weaiing stiong
peifumes, oi any kind of clothing (e.g. tight, oi see-thiough) that
might distiact piaying men. It is exactly because of this feaied
distiaction that it is disliked foi young attiactive women to attend
congiegational piayeis with the exception of the two
iecommended holiday piayeis (Salaat al (Salaat al (Salaat al (Salaat al- -- -Eedain). Eedain). Eedain). Eedain).
What has been customaiy foi Muslims is to piay all congiegational
piayeis at theii eailiest times in mosques. This is so, even though it
is peimissible foi one to piay up to the beginning of the times foi
each iespective consecutive piayei. The ieason foi peifoiming
35
piayeis at theii eailiest times is in light of the piophetic tiaditions
mentioning that piayeis peifoimed thus aie most meiitoiious.
In the Maaliki school of |uiispiudence this is the case with iegaid
to both the dawn (Subh) and sunset (Maghiib) piayeis. That is
that they should be piayed as soon as theii times entei iegaidless
of whethei oi not a congiegation has foimed. If one happens to go
to the mosque aftei that and finds a congiegation being
peifoimed, one should iepeat the piayei in congiegation. This
goes foi all piayeis with the exception of Maghiib, which one
should not iepeat in congiegation if one has alieady peifoimed it
alone.
As foi Zuhi and Asi piayeis, it is bettei to delay them if one
knows that the congiegation will be peifoiming them latei than
the time that they entei. If theie is no congiegation, it is bettei to
piay them at theii eailiest times alone.
In the case of Ishaa, it is bettei to delay its peifoimance until the
last poition of the fiist thiid of the night foi those who aie able to
do so. The night begins at sunset.

In addition to what has been mentioned above, it is iecommended
foi someone fiom the piaying congiegation to iecite the Fiist
36
Call to Piayei (Al (Al (Al (Al- -- -Adhaan) Adhaan) Adhaan) Adhaan) once the time foi piayei has enteied.
The puipose of it is to indicate that the time foi piayei has
enteied, as well as to call otheis to the mas|id in oidei to piay.
Then, immediately befoie beginning the piayei one should iecite
the Second Call to Piayei (Al (Al (Al (Al- -- -Iqaamah). Iqaamah). Iqaamah). Iqaamah). The woids of al al al al- -- -
iqaamah iqaamah iqaamah iqaamah have alieady been mentioned above. As foi al al al al- -- -adh adh adh adhaan aan aan aan, its
woiding is as follows.
(Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash (Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash (Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash (Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash
hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool
Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, Hayya alas
Salaah, Hayya alas Salaah, Hayya ala Salaah, Hayya alas Salaah, Hayya ala Salaah, Hayya alas Salaah, Hayya ala Salaah, Hayya alas Salaah, Hayya alal Falaah, Hayya alal Falaah, l Falaah, Hayya alal Falaah, l Falaah, Hayya alal Falaah, l Falaah, Hayya alal Falaah,
Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, laa ilaaha ill Allah.) Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, laa ilaaha ill Allah.) Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, laa ilaaha ill Allah.) Allahu Akbai, Allahu Akbai, laa ilaaha ill Allah.)
( (( (Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no is Cieatei. I beai witness that theie is no
god but god but god but god but Allah Allah Allah Allah. I beai witness that theie is no god but . I beai witness that theie is no god but . I beai witness that theie is no god but . I beai witness that theie is no god but Allah Allah Allah Allah. I beai . I beai . I beai . I beai
witness that Muhammad is the Messenge witness that Muhammad is the Messenge witness that Muhammad is the Messenge witness that Muhammad is the Messengei of i of i of i of Allah Allah Allah Allah. I beai witness . I beai witness . I beai witness . I beai witness
that Muhammad is the Messengei of that Muhammad is the Messengei of that Muhammad is the Messengei of that Muhammad is the Messengei of Allah. Allah. Allah. Allah. Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piayei.
Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity. Hasten to Piospeiity. Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity. Hasten to Piospeiity. Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity. Hasten to Piospeiity. Hasten to Piayei. Hasten to Piospeiity. Hasten to Piospeiity.
Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. is Cieatei. Allah Allah Allah Allah is Cieatei. Theie is no god but is Cieatei. Theie is no god but is Cieatei. Theie is no god but is Cieatei. Theie is no god but Allah.) Allah.) Allah.) Allah.)

If the piayei being peifoimed is the dawn piayei (Subh), one adds
aftei saying Hayya alal Falaah Hayya alal Falaah Hayya alal Falaah Hayya alal Falaah the second time: As Salaatu As Salaatu As Salaatu As Salaatu
37
khaiiun min an nawm, As Salaatu khaiiun min an nawm. khaiiun min an nawm, As Salaatu khaiiun min an nawm. khaiiun min an nawm, As Salaatu khaiiun min an nawm. khaiiun min an nawm, As Salaatu khaiiun min an nawm. Then,
one completes al-adhaan as mentioned above.
It is held by Maaliki |uiists that one should iepeat the woids: ash ash ash ash
hadu allaa ilaah ill Allah, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu hadu allaa ilaah ill Allah, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu hadu allaa ilaah ill Allah, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu hadu allaa ilaah ill Allah, ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill Allah, ash hadu
anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan anna Muhammadan iasool Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan
iasool Allah iasool Allah iasool Allah iasool Allah twice. The fiist time should be said in a veiy low
voice. The second time it should be iecited in a high voice.
[ [[ [Note Note Note Note 1: One is obligated to follow the 1: One is obligated to follow the 1: One is obligated to follow the 1: One is obligated to follow the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam (leadei of piayei) in (leadei of piayei) in (leadei of piayei) in (leadei of piayei) in
all movements of the piayei to the extent that one does not make all movements of the piayei to the extent that one does not make all movements of the piayei to the extent that one does not make all movements of the piayei to the extent that one does not make
any motion befoie the any motion befoie the any motion befoie the any motion befoie the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam. In the audible piayeis one should . In the audible piayeis one should . In the audible piayeis one should . In the audible piayeis one should
not iecite along with the not iecite along with the not iecite along with the not iecite along with the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam in those in those in those in those iakats iakats iakats iakats that he ieci that he ieci that he ieci that he iecites tes tes tes
audibly. One should meiely listen and be attentive to his audibly. One should meiely listen and be attentive to his audibly. One should meiely listen and be attentive to his audibly. One should meiely listen and be attentive to his
iecitation. Howevei, one should iecite in all iecitation. Howevei, one should iecite in all iecitation. Howevei, one should iecite in all iecitation. Howevei, one should iecite in all iakats iakats iakats iakats that the that the that the that the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam
iecites inaudibly, although it would not be an obligation to do so. iecites inaudibly, although it would not be an obligation to do so. iecites inaudibly, although it would not be an obligation to do so. iecites inaudibly, although it would not be an obligation to do so.
Note Note Note Note 2: Women aie not allowed to lead othei women in piay 2: Women aie not allowed to lead othei women in piay 2: Women aie not allowed to lead othei women in piay 2: Women aie not allowed to lead othei women in piayei. ei. ei. ei.
Noi aie they allowed to lead men in piayei. The piayei of one who Noi aie they allowed to lead men in piayei. The piayei of one who Noi aie they allowed to lead men in piayei. The piayei of one who Noi aie they allowed to lead men in piayei. The piayei of one who
piays behind the leadeiship of a woman is invalid in the school of piays behind the leadeiship of a woman is invalid in the school of piays behind the leadeiship of a woman is invalid in the school of piays behind the leadeiship of a woman is invalid in the school of
Imaam Maalik Imaam Maalik Imaam Maalik Imaam Maalik. It must be piayed ovei. . It must be piayed ovei. . It must be piayed ovei. . It must be piayed ovei.
Note Note Note Note 3: The Fiiday Congiegational Piayei ( 3: The Fiiday Congiegational Piayei ( 3: The Fiiday Congiegational Piayei ( 3: The Fiiday Congiegational Piayei (Salaatul Salaatul Salaatul Salaatul- -- -Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah) is ) is ) is ) is
anothei one of th anothei one of th anothei one of th anothei one of the piayeis that is especially compulsoiy foi men to e piayeis that is especially compulsoiy foi men to e piayeis that is especially compulsoiy foi men to e piayeis that is especially compulsoiy foi men to
peifoim, although women may also attend. The piayei is peifoim, although women may also attend. The piayei is peifoim, although women may also attend. The piayei is peifoim, although women may also attend. The piayei is
38
peifoimed at the vaiious local mosques at the same time that the peifoimed at the vaiious local mosques at the same time that the peifoimed at the vaiious local mosques at the same time that the peifoimed at the vaiious local mosques at the same time that the
Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi piayei is customaiily peifoimed. The piayei is customaiily peifoimed. The piayei is customaiily peifoimed. The piayei is customaiily peifoimed. The Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah piayei is an piayei is an piayei is an piayei is an
audible piayei consist audible piayei consist audible piayei consist audible piayei consisting of 2 ing of 2 ing of 2 ing of 2 iakats iakats iakats iakats (units) only. It takes the (units) only. It takes the (units) only. It takes the (units) only. It takes the
place of the place of the place of the place of the Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi piayei foi both men and women who attend. So, piayei foi both men and women who attend. So, piayei foi both men and women who attend. So, piayei foi both men and women who attend. So,
one is not obligated to piay the one is not obligated to piay the one is not obligated to piay the one is not obligated to piay the Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi Zuhi piayei if he/she happens to piayei if he/she happens to piayei if he/she happens to piayei if he/she happens to
catch the catch the catch the catch the Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah piayei. The piayei is also pieceded by a seimon piayei. The piayei is also pieceded by a seimon piayei. The piayei is also pieceded by a seimon piayei. The piayei is also pieceded by a seimon
consisting of tw consisting of tw consisting of tw consisting of two paits duiing which one is iequiied to be attentive o paits duiing which one is iequiied to be attentive o paits duiing which one is iequiied to be attentive o paits duiing which one is iequiied to be attentive
to the woids of the speakei. Meaning, that one should not be to the woids of the speakei. Meaning, that one should not be to the woids of the speakei. Meaning, that one should not be to the woids of the speakei. Meaning, that one should not be
holding a conveisation with any othei attending the seimon oi holding a conveisation with any othei attending the seimon oi holding a conveisation with any othei attending the seimon oi holding a conveisation with any othei attending the seimon oi
doing any othei thing that would diveit ones attention fiom the doing any othei thing that would diveit ones attention fiom the doing any othei thing that would diveit ones attention fiom the doing any othei thing that would diveit ones attention fiom the
oiatoi`s topic o oiatoi`s topic o oiatoi`s topic o oiatoi`s topic of discussion. f discussion. f discussion. f discussion.
Note 4 Note 4 Note 4 Note 4: If the congiegation is moie than two people, the : If the congiegation is moie than two people, the : If the congiegation is moie than two people, the : If the congiegation is moie than two people, the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam
should stand in fiont, while all the otheis should stand behind him. should stand in fiont, while all the otheis should stand behind him. should stand in fiont, while all the otheis should stand behind him. should stand in fiont, while all the otheis should stand behind him.
If theie aie only two people piaying, the If theie aie only two people piaying, the If theie aie only two people piaying, the If theie aie only two people piaying, the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam and his followei and his followei and his followei and his followei
should be in a single iank with the should be in a single iank with the should be in a single iank with the should be in a single iank with the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam a l a l a l a little in fiont of him. If ittle in fiont of him. If ittle in fiont of him. If ittle in fiont of him. If
a man is leading a woman oi women in piayei, they stand behind a man is leading a woman oi women in piayei, they stand behind a man is leading a woman oi women in piayei, they stand behind a man is leading a woman oi women in piayei, they stand behind
him. If the congiegation is composed of both gendeis and is moie him. If the congiegation is composed of both gendeis and is moie him. If the congiegation is composed of both gendeis and is moie him. If the congiegation is composed of both gendeis and is moie
than thiee people, the men stand behind the than thiee people, the men stand behind the than thiee people, the men stand behind the than thiee people, the men stand behind the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam and the and the and the and the
women stand behind the iank(s) of the men.j women stand behind the iank(s) of the men.j women stand behind the iank(s) of the men.j women stand behind the iank(s) of the men.j


39
Things that Nullify the Piayei Things that Nullify the Piayei Things that Nullify the Piayei Things that Nullify the Piayei

Piayei is nullified by intentionally not obseiving any of the fiist
thiee pieiequisites of piayei mentioned at the beginning of this
manual while having the capacity to do so.
7


They aie:
1 11 1 - Facing the appioximate diiection of piayei (qiblah/Mecca).
2 22 2 - Removing filth fiom ones peison, clothing, and place of piayei.
3 33 3 - Coveiing ones nakedness and piivate paits.

As foi the fouith of the pieiequisites, wudu, piayei is nullified foi
not obseiving it iegaidless of whethei oi not one abandoned it
intentionally. It is a piecondition that is absolutely necessaiy foi
the validity of ones piayei. Wheieas, the otheis aie only iequiied
as long as one iemembeis and is able to fulfill them.
The distinct chaiactei of wudu giants it enoimous impoitance. So
it would behoove us to compose a section dealing with those things

7
Theie aie othei things that nullify the piayei, which I haven`t mentioned heie foi ieasons of
facility.
40
that iendei wudu invalid. Foi if ones wudu is invalid, ones piayei is
invalid by way of extension.
8



















8
Remembei, these aie not the only things that nullify the piayei. One should enioll in a class
that details the othei nullifieis of piayei.
41
Things that Nullify Things that Nullify Things that Nullify Things that Nullify Wudu Wudu Wudu Wudu

The nullifieis of wudu aie sixteen in numbei as mentioned in
Maaliki |uiispiudence. They aie as follows:
1 11 1 - Uiinating.
2 22 2 - Passing gas.
3 33 3 - Continence of uiine, passing gas, pie-e|aculatoiy fluid, oi
excessive bleeding on the pait of a woman foi a peiiod beyond hei
usual menstiual cycle, oi beyond the usual inteival of post-natal
bleeding. These matteis aie all consideied nullifieis if they aie
iaie occuiiences. As foi when they aie continuous and constant,
one meiely makes wudu befoie peifoiming each piayei, and ones
piayei is valid even if one is oveicome by one of these afflictions
duiing the piayei, although medical attention should be sought foi
these ailments.
4 44 4 - Defecating.
5 55 5 - Falling into a heavy sleep aftei one has peifoimed wudu.
6 66 6 - The excietion of pie-e|aculatoiy fluid (madh). It is the seminal
fluid that comes out when one pondeis about sexual inteicouise
and the like, oi when one is playing with ones spouse. One must
42
clean the piivate pait of such fluid befoie making wudu. As foi the
climax fluid (i.e. speim) one is iequiied to peifoim a special
bath/showei called gusl. This means that wudu isn`t sufficient foi
piayei in such a case.
7 77 7 - Intoxication.
8 88 8 - Fainting.
9 99 9 - Tempoiaiy insanity.
10 10 10 10 - The dischaige of wady wady wady wady. It is a foim of seminal fluid that
usually comes out aftei uiinating. Its mention heie by Maaliki
|uiists seems to be simply to indicate that ghusl isn`t iequiied fiom
it. Rathei, all one is iequiied to do is to clean such fluid befoie
peifoiming wudu. I say this because uiination nullifies ones wudu.
So, it would seem effusive to mention wady as one of the nullifieis
as long as it appeais aftei uiinating. Unless, theie aie cases wheie
it appeais without the company of uiine.
11/12 11/12 11/12 11/12 - Expeiiencing oi seeking pleasuie thiough touching oi
kissing the opposite sex. This also goes foi the one who seeks
pleasuie thiough such a kiss oi touch, but doesn`t expeiience it.
13 13 13 13 - Enteiing the hand within the boideis of a woman`s vagina.
14 14 14 14 - Touching a man`s penis.
43
15 15 15 15 - Having doubt as whethei oi not one is in a state of puiity
peimitting the peifoimance of piayei. That is, doubting whethei
one has wudu oi ghusl (when iequiied) oi not.
16 16 16 16 - Apostasy. When one ie|ects Islam in woid oi belief, ones
wudu is nullified, since piayei is only valid fiom a Muslim. Wudu,
being a condition foi the validity of the piayei would make the
piayei itself invalid. That`s because the invalidity of the ioot
necessitates the invalidity of what bianches out fiom it. Such an
individual is iequiied to iepent foi his/hei apostasy, then iemake
ones wudu foi the following piayei.











44
The Ritual Showei The Ritual Showei The Ritual Showei The Ritual Showei (Al (Al (Al (Al- -- -Chusl) Chusl) Chusl) Chusl)

Upon enteiing Islam it is iecommended foi one to peifoim what is
teimed al al al al- -- -ghusl ghusl ghusl ghusl, oi the iitual showei. This is a special foim of
washing whose aim is, as oidinaiy baths/showeis aie, to iemove
any impuie substances fiom the body that may inteifeie with the
soundness of ones piayei oi othei foims of iitual woiship wheie
cleanliness is a piecondition, |ust as it is intended as a symbol of
ones adoption of the new life of puiity and faith, and ones
ielinquishing of ones past life of impuiity and infidelity.
The things necessitating the iitual showei aie as follows:
1 11 1 - The cessation of a woman`s menstiual peiiod.
2 22 2 - The cessation of post-natal bleeding.
3 33 3 - E|aculation, whethei it be the iesult of sexual inteicouise, a
wet dieam, fantasizing oi mastuibation, although mastuibation is
piohibited in the Maliki school.
4 44 4 - Enteiing the head of the penis in the vagina of a woman, even
if e|aculation doesn`t occui.

45
If one of the above happens, one is obligated to peifoim the iitual
showei befoie peifoiming the piayei oi the like. The steps foi
making the iitual showei aie as follows:

1 11 1 - One staits with the name of Allah Allah Allah Allah by saying Bis millaa.
2 22 2 - Wash ones piivate paits being suie that all blood oi seminal
fluid is iemoved.
3 33 3 - Peifoim the ablution (wudu) as one would do in piepaiation
foi Salaat (piayei), except that one meiely washes each extiemity
once. Theie is no meiit in washing them thiee times.
4 44 4 - Repeat the washing of the haii. It should be done thiee times.
5 55 5 - Poui watei ovei the entiie body while making suie that it
dampens the skin of the entiie body. This is insuied thiough
iubbing. One should stait with ones iight side, and fiom top to
bottom. One should employ a towel, iope, oi the like to insuie the
watei is iubbed into the skin of ones back. If these tools don`t woik
one may utilize ones spouse oi any othei family membei.

[ [ [ [Note Note Note Note: If one doesn`t do anything that would nullify ones : If one doesn`t do anything that would nullify ones : If one doesn`t do anything that would nullify ones : If one doesn`t do anything that would nullify ones wudu wudu wudu wudu
dui dui dui duiing the washing, it is peimissible to peifoim all foims of ing the washing, it is peimissible to peifoim all foims of ing the washing, it is peimissible to peifoim all foims of ing the washing, it is peimissible to peifoim all foims of
woiship with this showei. So, weie one to touch ones genitals with woiship with this showei. So, weie one to touch ones genitals with woiship with this showei. So, weie one to touch ones genitals with woiship with this showei. So, weie one to touch ones genitals with
46
the palms of the hands oi tips oi sides of fingeis, he/she would be the palms of the hands oi tips oi sides of fingeis, he/she would be the palms of the hands oi tips oi sides of fingeis, he/she would be the palms of the hands oi tips oi sides of fingeis, he/she would be
iequiied to ienew ones ablution iequiied to ienew ones ablution iequiied to ienew ones ablution iequiied to ienew ones ablution (wudu) (wudu) (wudu) (wudu) in oidei to peifoim act in oidei to peifoim act in oidei to peifoim act in oidei to peifoim acts s s s
of woiship. Howevei, if the same peison weie to touch his/hei of woiship. Howevei, if the same peison weie to touch his/hei of woiship. Howevei, if the same peison weie to touch his/hei of woiship. Howevei, if the same peison weie to touch his/hei
genitals with the back of the hand, no invalidation would occui.j genitals with the back of the hand, no invalidation would occui.j genitals with the back of the hand, no invalidation would occui.j genitals with the back of the hand, no invalidation would occui.j

[ [[ [Additional Note Additional Note Additional Note Additional Note: When one uiinates oi defecates it is compulsoiy : When one uiinates oi defecates it is compulsoiy : When one uiinates oi defecates it is compulsoiy : When one uiinates oi defecates it is compulsoiy
to clean any iemnants of waste exiting fiom the two passage to clean any iemnants of waste exiting fiom the two passage to clean any iemnants of waste exiting fiom the two passage to clean any iemnants of waste exiting fiom the two passageways ways ways ways
fiom the skin oi clothing. Using watei and the customaiy toilet fiom the skin oi clothing. Using watei and the customaiy toilet fiom the skin oi clothing. Using watei and the customaiy toilet fiom the skin oi clothing. Using watei and the customaiy toilet
tissue does this. One should be suie that no filth iemains, |ust as tissue does this. One should be suie that no filth iemains, |ust as tissue does this. One should be suie that no filth iemains, |ust as tissue does this. One should be suie that no filth iemains, |ust as
one is to use his/hei left hand in oidei to iemove such filth.j one is to use his/hei left hand in oidei to iemove such filth.j one is to use his/hei left hand in oidei to iemove such filth.j one is to use his/hei left hand in oidei to iemove such filth.j











47
Voluntaiy Piayeis Voluntaiy Piayeis Voluntaiy Piayeis Voluntaiy Piayeis

Once one has incoipoiated the 5 obligatoiy piayeis into ones
eveiy day ioutine, it might be in ones inteiest to do additional
piayeis in oidei to give moie weight to ones scale of deeds on the
Day of Judgment, and to make up foi any impeifection which
likely will occui in ones piayei due to ones being diveited by
thoughts unielated to the piayei.
Of the voluntaiy piayeis aie those that aie connected with the
peifoimance of the obligatoiy piayeis, and otheis that aie not
connected to theii peifoimance.

A AA A. Those connected to the obligatoiy piayeis
1 11 1. Fa|i Fa|i Fa|i Fa|i. These aie two inaudible units of piayei that aie highly
iecommended. They
should be piayed befoie the dawn piayei (Subh). Howevei, if
one is deteiied fiom piaying the two iakats of Fa|i due to
finding the congiegation in the mosque piaying the
obligatoiy, Subh, one may piay the Fa|i aftei completing
Subh as long as the sun hasn`t bioken the hoiizon. And if one
48
delays Fa|i until aftei suniise, it is peimissible to piay it up to
the time of Zuhi.
2 22 2. It is desiiable that one peifoim 4 units of piayei following the
noon piayei (Zuhi).
They should be divided into 2 units each, and sepaiated by the
concluding salaam. They aie also inaudible. Some scholais
iecommend that one make 4 units befoie Zuhi also. They aie
executed in the same mannei as the 4 units following Zuhi.
3 33 3. .. . Befoie the afteinoon piayei (Asi) one can make 4 units, |ust
as the case of Zuhi.
Except that no voluntaiy piayeis aie to made aftei the
compulsoiy afteinoon piayei.
4. 4. 4. 4. Aftei the sunset piayei (Maghiib) one can make 2 units. It is
said that six units aie
desiiable.

B. B. B. B. Those that aie not connected to the obligatoiy piayeis
1 11 1.Cieeting the mosque (mas|id). It is iecommended that one
peifoim 2 units of piayei
upon enteiing the mas|id befoie taking a seat, although this
would not be peimitted
49
duiing the piohibited times foi piayei.

[ [[ [Note Note Note Note: The piohibited times aie aftei : The piohibited times aie aftei : The piohibited times aie aftei : The piohibited times aie aftei Subh Subh Subh Subh once the sun bieaks once the sun bieaks once the sun bieaks once the sun bieaks
the hoiizon until it has fully iisen, and aftei the hoiizon until it has fully iisen, and aftei the hoiizon until it has fully iisen, and aftei the hoiizon until it has fully iisen, and aftei Asi Asi Asi Asi once the sun once the sun once the sun once the sun
begins to set until it begins to set until it begins to set until it begins to set until it has completed its descent below the has completed its descent below the has completed its descent below the has completed its descent below the
hoiizon. This is the geneial iule that applies mainly to voluntaiy hoiizon. This is the geneial iule that applies mainly to voluntaiy hoiizon. This is the geneial iule that applies mainly to voluntaiy hoiizon. This is the geneial iule that applies mainly to voluntaiy
piayeis. As foi compulsoiy piayeis, it would be peimissible foi piayeis. As foi compulsoiy piayeis, it would be peimissible foi piayeis. As foi compulsoiy piayeis, it would be peimissible foi piayeis. As foi compulsoiy piayeis, it would be peimissible foi
one to peifoim ones piayei at this time if theie is enough time one to peifoim ones piayei at this time if theie is enough time one to peifoim ones piayei at this time if theie is enough time one to peifoim ones piayei at this time if theie is enough time
foi one to complete one foi one to complete one foi one to complete one foi one to complete one unit unit unit unit (iakat) (iakat) (iakat) (iakat) of piayei befoie the sun has of piayei befoie the sun has of piayei befoie the sun has of piayei befoie the sun has
completed its ascent oi descent. Added to the piohibited times completed its ascent oi descent. Added to the piohibited times completed its ascent oi descent. Added to the piohibited times completed its ascent oi descent. Added to the piohibited times
is the time that the is the time that the is the time that the is the time that the Imaam Imaam Imaam Imaam exits foi the exits foi the exits foi the exits foi the Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah Jumu`ah piayei, as well piayei, as well piayei, as well piayei, as well
as duiing the seimon. Also amongst the piohibited times aie as duiing the seimon. Also amongst the piohibited times aie as duiing the seimon. Also amongst the piohibited times aie as duiing the seimon. Also amongst the piohibited times aie
when little time iemains f when little time iemains f when little time iemains f when little time iemains foi one to piay a compulsoiy piayei oi one to piay a compulsoiy piayei oi one to piay a compulsoiy piayei oi one to piay a compulsoiy piayei
that one hasn`t made, when one iemembeis that he/she hasn`t that one hasn`t made, when one iemembeis that he/she hasn`t that one hasn`t made, when one iemembeis that he/she hasn`t that one hasn`t made, when one iemembeis that he/she hasn`t
piayed a compulsoiy piayei whose time has elapsed, and when piayed a compulsoiy piayei whose time has elapsed, and when piayed a compulsoiy piayei whose time has elapsed, and when piayed a compulsoiy piayei whose time has elapsed, and when
one enteis and finds the obligatoiy piayei alieady being one enteis and finds the obligatoiy piayei alieady being one enteis and finds the obligatoiy piayei alieady being one enteis and finds the obligatoiy piayei alieady being
peifoimed oi staited.j peifoimed oi staited.j peifoimed oi staited.j peifoimed oi staited.j

2. 2. 2. 2. The Foienoon Piayei (Duhaa) (Duhaa) (Duhaa) (Duhaa). This is a piayei that is
peifoimed aftei the sun has
50
begun its ascent aftei dawn. Its time extends until the noon
piayei. The least numbei of units it is compiised of is two,
and the most is eight. They should be peifoimed as two units
at a time being sepaiated by the concluding salaam.
3. 3. 3. 3. The Even and Odd of the Night Vigil (As (As (As (As- -- -Shaf`u wal Shaf`u wal Shaf`u wal Shaf`u wal- -- -Witi). Witi). Witi). Witi).
It was customaiy foi
the Holy Piophet - peace be upon him - to peifoim what is
teimed as the night night night night vigil, vigil, vigil, vigil, oi taha||ud taha||ud taha||ud taha||ud (also known as qiyaam qiyaam qiyaam qiyaam
a aa al ll l- -- -lail lail lail lail). Aftei peifoiming the night piayei (Ishaa) he would
ietiie to his home, and then wake in the middle of the night
in oidei to piay so much so that sometimes his feet would
ciack fiom standing so long.
He would peifoim 2 units of piayei at a time sepaiating them
by the concluding salaam. Once he had completed the
numbei of units (iakats) he felt weie sufficient in numbei he
would piay a single unit piayei teimed al al al al- -- -witi. witi. witi. witi. The even
numbei of iakats aie called ash ash ash ash- -- -shaf`. shaf`. shaf`. shaf`.
Consideiing the enoimous difficulty theie is in abandoning
ones bedside in the middle of the night in oidei to stand foi
piayei, it has also been allowed foi one to piay the night vigil
aftei the night piayei (Ishaa) befoie ietiiing. The least
51
numbei of iakats allowed in the view of Imaam Maalik is
thiee. The fiist two iakats (ash-shaf`) aie to be piayed
sepaiately fiom the one odd iakat (al-witi).
It was the customaiy piactice of the Holy Messengei - may
Allah Allah Allah Allah bless him and giant him peace - to piay eleven iakats.
In one naiiation, he used to piay thiiteen. Despite that, he
didn`t expiessly set a limit to the numbei of iakats that one is
peimitted to piay. The geneial iule is that one is to piay two
iakats at a time, and when one feais that the dawn is about to
entei, he/she should peifoim the witi piayei making the
numbei of iakats an odd numbei.
4. 4. 4. 4. It is good to make two iakats of piayei aftei making wudu.
5 55 5. Voluntaiy piayeis aie iecommended absolutely. Meaning
that whenevei one
desiies to piay a voluntaiy piayei, doing so is peimitted with
exception being made to piaying duiing the piohibited times.

[ [[ [Note Note Note Note: Voluntaiy piayeis should not exceed two units at a time.j : Voluntaiy piayeis should not exceed two units at a time.j : Voluntaiy piayeis should not exceed two units at a time.j : Voluntaiy piayeis should not exceed two units at a time.j



52
Diy Ablution (Tayammum) Diy Ablution (Tayammum) Diy Ablution (Tayammum) Diy Ablution (Tayammum)

No ieligion stiesses the obligatoiy natuie of piayei moie than
Islam. What lends suppoit to this claim is the fact that Islam
obliges its adheients to peifoim piayei in cases wheie even some
of the ma|oi pieiequisites have not been fulfilled. Namely, in the
case wheie one cannot find watei foi the iitual ablution (wudoo),
oi out of feai of some potential haim that may afflict an individual
weie he/she to utilize oi seek out watei. When unable to find oi
use watei foi wudoo, the Divine Iawgivei (Allah) (Allah) (Allah) (Allah) has piovided foi
His seivants a legal substitute called Tayammum Tayammum Tayammum Tayammum.
Tayammum Tayammum Tayammum Tayammum is an eaithly puiification (i.e. thiough the use of
eaithly mattei) consisting of the wiping of the face and hands to
the elbows. Its aim is to make peimissible all things that the
nullifieis of wudoo have iendeied impeimissible foi one to caiiy
out without it (i.e. wudoo) when watei is non-existent.
The way of peifoiming tayammum is foi one to touch puie diit, a
stone, oi the like with both hands, and then wipe the face. Next,
one should touch the ob|ect a second time, then pioceed to wipe
53
the hands and aims up to and including the elbows as one would
do in wudoo.

[ [[ [Note Note Note Note: One should only wipe the face and aims once.j : One should only wipe the face and aims once.j : One should only wipe the face and aims once.j : One should only wipe the face and aims once.j

As foi the types of things it is peimissible to make tayammum with
in the Maaliki school, they aie any thing found on the suiface of
the Eaith in its natuial state, whethei it be sand, iocks, mud, oi
diit. Such things should not be soiled by filth.
Tayammum is a peimissible substitute foi wudoo in two cases.
1 11 1 - Absence of watei Absence of watei Absence of watei Absence of watei. This also includes when one has an
insufficient amount of diinking watei while tiaveling and the like.
2 22 2 - Feai Feai Feai Feai, in the bioad sense of the woid. That is, feai that one
might become sick fiom the use of watei (even if it`s not cold
outside), feai that ones sickness will woisen, feai that one might be
haimed by someone oi something on the way to fetch watei in a
paiticulai place, etc. And the scenaiios aie many.

As foi the fiist case, tayammum is not deemed a peimissible
substitute foi wudoo absolutely. Rathei, the peimissibility of
tayammum when watei is absent is ielative to the state of the
54
individual. The individual may be in eithei one of thiee diffeient
states. They aie as follows.

a aa a. .. . The Hopeful The Hopeful The Hopeful The Hopeful. That is, one might be hopeful that he/she will
find watei befoie the time foi
piayei has exited. In this case, one must wait until the latest
time foi the piayei befoie its
time elapses. If one finds watei, they should make wudoo
and piay. If they don`t, they
should make tayammum with clean diit, a iock, and the like,
and then piay.
b bb b. .. . The Despondent The Despondent The Despondent The Despondent. As foi the one who has given up hope that
they will find watei even
weie he/she to wait until the end of the piayei time, it is
peimissible foi them to make
tayammum at the eailiest time of the piayei then piay.
c cc c. .. . The Iiiesolute The Iiiesolute The Iiiesolute The Iiiesolute. The one who isn`t ceitain about finding
watei oi not finding it befoie the
time foi the piayei elapses should wait until half of the
piayei`s time has elapsed then piay
with tayammum.
55

Tayammum is valid foi all things peimitted by wudoo, such as the
obligatoiy and voluntaiy piayeis. An exception is made with
iegaid to Jumu`ah piayei wheie tayammum does not iepiesent a
substitute foi watei in the case of the healthy iesident. That is, one
is iequiied to make wudoo foi Jumu`ah piayei accoiding to the
ma|oiity of Maaliki |uiists.
The same things that iendei wudoo invalid also iendei ones
tayammum invalid. Howevei, was one to find watei befoie piaying
aftei peifoiming tayammum the lattei would be iendeied invalid.
On the othei hand, if one weie to find watei aftei completing the
piayei it would be iecommended to iepeat the piayei as long as its
time hasn`t elapsed. What is meant by time in this instance is what
is known as the Piefeiied Times Piefeiied Times Piefeiied Times Piefeiied Times of the piayeis. That would be
foi Zuhi, fiom the beginning of its time until the stait of Asi. As
foi Maghiib, its time would be consideied fiom sunset until the
dissipation of twilight.

[Note: The peimissibility of [Note: The peimissibility of [Note: The peimissibility of [Note: The peimissibility of tayammum tayammum tayammum tayammum extends to both extends to both extends to both extends to both wudoo wudoo wudoo wudoo
and and and and ghu ghu ghu ghusl sl sl sl.j .j .j .j

56




















57
Wiping Ovei the Ieathei Sock Wiping Ovei the Ieathei Sock Wiping Ovei the Ieathei Sock Wiping Ovei the Ieathei Sock (Khuff) (Khuff) (Khuff) (Khuff)

The Aiabs weie known foi weaiing a leathei sock called a Khuff.
It was woin to piotect theii feet fiom any haimful matteis, namely,
the cold oi heat. The newcomei will piobably find some of oui
biotheis in the faith weaiing them fiom time to time. So, it will
become easy to identify them.
If one peifoims a complete wudoo befoie weaiing these leathei
foot coveis, one may iepeat piayei in them by simply wiping ovei
the top of them if one happens to do something to invalidate ones
wudoo. That is, as long as one doesn`t iemove them aftei nullifying
ones wudoo, it is peimissible to ienew the wudoo without having
to wash ones baie feet anothei time.
The inteival of the peimissibility of this is thiee days and thiee
nights. This is the view iepiesented by soundei evidence, although
the populai view in the Maaliki School is that theie is not time
limit set foi the peimissibility of wiping ovei the khuff.

[ [[ [Note Note Note Note: Weie one to iemove the : Weie one to iemove the : Weie one to iemove the : Weie one to iemove the khuff khuff khuff khuff aftei inva aftei inva aftei inva aftei invalidating ones lidating ones lidating ones lidating ones
wudoo wudoo wudoo wudoo, and befoie ienewing it, one would be iequiied to wash , and befoie ienewing it, one would be iequiied to wash , and befoie ienewing it, one would be iequiied to wash , and befoie ienewing it, one would be iequiied to wash
58
ones feet anew. Meaning that piayei would not be valid then weie ones feet anew. Meaning that piayei would not be valid then weie ones feet anew. Meaning that piayei would not be valid then weie ones feet anew. Meaning that piayei would not be valid then weie
one to wipe ovei the one to wipe ovei the one to wipe ovei the one to wipe ovei the khuff khuff khuff khuff. Also iemembei that one has to alieady . Also iemembei that one has to alieady . Also iemembei that one has to alieady . Also iemembei that one has to alieady
have have have have wudoo wudoo wudoo wudoo befoie weaiing the befoie weaiing the befoie weaiing the befoie weaiing the khuff khuff khuff khuff in oidei foi i in oidei foi i in oidei foi i in oidei foi it to be t to be t to be t to be
consideied peimissible to wipe ovei it aftei doing a thing that consideied peimissible to wipe ovei it aftei doing a thing that consideied peimissible to wipe ovei it aftei doing a thing that consideied peimissible to wipe ovei it aftei doing a thing that
would nullify ones would nullify ones would nullify ones would nullify ones wudoo wudoo wudoo wudoo.j .j .j .j
9 99 9







9
Some will tell you that it is also peimitted to wipe ovei cotton socks. Howevei, this is a
ielatively new opinion in Islam that no ioot among the eaily geneiations of Muslims (Salaf).
Thiee of the foui legal schools of Islam disallow it absolutely unless the cotton sock has a
leathei suiface. The Hanbali School allows wiping ovei cotton socks but with stiict
conditions. The cotton sock has to 1) be without holes, 2) must be veiy dense so as not to
allow the penetiation of watei, and 3) it must covei the entiie foot up to and including the
ankle bone Refei to Al-Mughni of Ibn Qudaamah). This means that spoits and diess socks
and shoes that don`t covei the ankle cannot be wiped ovei accoiding to the standaid view of
any of the schools. The same thing applies to sneakeis and casual diess shoes. They can only
be wiped ovei if they covei the entiie foot up to and including the ankle bone. Add to that, if
a peison decides to wipe ovei his boots oi othei footgeai that coveis the anklebone, one
cannot iemove them afteiwaids to piay without ienewing one`s ablution by washing his/hei
feet. Fuitheimoie, wiping ovei footgeai isn`t valid if one didn`t have a complete ablution
while washing one`s feet befoie he/she put on the footgeai. And Allah knows best.
59
Wiping Ovei the Cast oi Medicated Pad (Al Wiping Ovei the Cast oi Medicated Pad (Al Wiping Ovei the Cast oi Medicated Pad (Al Wiping Ovei the Cast oi Medicated Pad (Al- -- -Jabeeiah) Jabeeiah) Jabeeiah) Jabeeiah)

If theie is a wound, abscess, mange, buin, oi anything of the soit
on the body, and one feais that if he/she was to wash it in the
piocess of making wudoo oi ghusl that one might become ill, one
can place a medicated pad upon the in|uied place and simply wipe
ovei it (i.e. the splint). This also applies when one meiely feais
that ones sickness might woisen, oi that washing it would delay its
impiovement.
Theie aie othei mattei peitinent to the sub|ect that we have
abandoned out of feai of piolixity, and due to the fact that the
sub|ect will be dealt with at gieatei length in the classes which will
be held on the topic of Fiqh (|uiispiudence), in shaa Allah.










60



































61
Additional Shoit Additional Shoit Additional Shoit Additional Shoit Suiahs Suiahs Suiahs Suiahs

I II I. .. . Suiat Al Suiat Al Suiat Al Suiat Al- -- -Ikhlaas Ikhlaas Ikhlaas Ikhlaas (Sinceiity) (Sinceiity) (Sinceiity) (Sinceiity)

Qul huw Allahu Ahad, Qul huw Allahu Ahad, Qul huw Allahu Ahad, Qul huw Allahu Ahad,
Allahus Samad, Allahus Samad, Allahus Samad, Allahus Samad,
Iam yalid wa lam yoo lad, Iam yalid wa lam yoo lad, Iam yalid wa lam yoo lad, Iam yalid wa lam yoo lad,
wa lam yakul wa lam yakul wa lam yakul wa lam yakul la kufuwan ahad. la kufuwan ahad. la kufuwan ahad. la kufuwan ahad.

(Say (Say (Say (Say: He, : He, : He, : He, Allah Allah Allah Allah is Unique. is Unique. is Unique. is Unique. Allah Allah Allah Allah, The Eteinal. He did not beget. , The Eteinal. He did not beget. , The Eteinal. He did not beget. , The Eteinal. He did not beget.
And he was notbegotten. And theie is not to Him one And he was notbegotten. And theie is not to Him one And he was notbegotten. And theie is not to Him one And he was notbegotten. And theie is not to Him one
compaiable.) compaiable.) compaiable.) compaiable.)

II II II II. .. . Suiat Al Suiat Al Suiat Al Suiat Al- -- -Falaq (The Dawn) Falaq (The Dawn) Falaq (The Dawn) Falaq (The Dawn)

Qul A`oodhu bi iab bil falaq, Qul A`oodhu bi iab bil falaq, Qul A`oodhu bi iab bil falaq, Qul A`oodhu bi iab bil falaq,
min shai ii maa khalaq, min shai ii maa khalaq, min shai ii maa khalaq, min shai ii maa khalaq,
wa min shaiii ghaasi qin wa min shaiii ghaasi qin wa min shaiii ghaasi qin wa min shaiii ghaasi qin Idhaa waqab, Idhaa waqab, Idhaa waqab, Idhaa waqab,
WA min sh WA min sh WA min sh WA min shai iin naf faathaati fil uqad, ai iin naf faathaati fil uqad, ai iin naf faathaati fil uqad, ai iin naf faathaati fil uqad,
wa min wa min wa min wa min shai ii haasidin idhaa hasad. shai ii haasidin idhaa hasad. shai ii haasidin idhaa hasad. shai ii haasidin idhaa hasad.
62

(Say: I take iefuge with the Ioid of the Moin fiom the evil of all (Say: I take iefuge with the Ioid of the Moin fiom the evil of all (Say: I take iefuge with the Ioid of the Moin fiom the evil of all (Say: I take iefuge with the Ioid of the Moin fiom the evil of all
He cieated, and fiom the evil of night when it enteis, and fiom the He cieated, and fiom the evil of night when it enteis, and fiom the He cieated, and fiom the evil of night when it enteis, and fiom the He cieated, and fiom the evil of night when it enteis, and fiom the
evil the one who blows into knots, and fiom the evil the one who blows into knots, and fiom the evil the one who blows into knots, and fiom the evil the one who blows into knots, and fiom the evil of an envious evil of an envious evil of an envious evil of an envious
one when he piactices his envy.) one when he piactices his envy.) one when he piactices his envy.) one when he piactices his envy.)

III III III III. .. . Suiat Al Suiat Al Suiat Al Suiat Al- -- -Naas (Humanity) Naas (Humanity) Naas (Humanity) Naas (Humanity)

Qul a`oodhu bi iab bin naas, Qul a`oodhu bi iab bin naas, Qul a`oodhu bi iab bin naas, Qul a`oodhu bi iab bin naas,
Mali kin naas, Mali kin naas, Mali kin naas, Mali kin naas,
ilaahin naas, ilaahin naas, ilaahin naas, ilaahin naas,
min shai iil was waasil khan naas, min shai iil was waasil khan naas, min shai iil was waasil khan naas, min shai iil was waasil khan naas,
alladhi yuwas wisu fi sudoo iin naas, alladhi yuwas wisu fi sudoo iin naas, alladhi yuwas wisu fi sudoo iin naas, alladhi yuwas wisu fi sudoo iin naas,
minal Jin nati wan naas. minal Jin nati wan naas. minal Jin nati wan naas. minal Jin nati wan naas.
(Say: I take iefug (Say: I take iefug (Say: I take iefug (Say: I take iefuge with the Ioid of Mankind, the King of e with the Ioid of Mankind, the King of e with the Ioid of Mankind, the King of e with the Ioid of Mankind, the King of
Mankind, the Cod of Mankind fiom the evil of the whispeiei who Mankind, the Cod of Mankind fiom the evil of the whispeiei who Mankind, the Cod of Mankind fiom the evil of the whispeiei who Mankind, the Cod of Mankind fiom the evil of the whispeiei who
withdiaws, who whispeis in the bieasts of men, fiom the Jinn and withdiaws, who whispeis in the bieasts of men, fiom the Jinn and withdiaws, who whispeis in the bieasts of men, fiom the Jinn and withdiaws, who whispeis in the bieasts of men, fiom the Jinn and
Mankind.) Mankind.) Mankind.) Mankind.)

((And to Allah is the ietuin of all affaiis)) ((And to Allah is the ietuin of all affaiis)) ((And to Allah is the ietuin of all affaiis)) ((And to Allah is the ietuin of all affaiis))