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CLASS NAMES AND THE INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES CAC/GL 36-1989 SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION Background The International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS) is intended as a harmonised naming system for food additives as an alternative to the use of the specific name, which may be lengthy. Inclusion in the INS does not imply approval by Codex for use as food additives. The list may include those additives that have not been evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The INS does not include flavourings, which have a JECFA number as identifier, chewing gum bases, and dietetic and nutritive additives. Enzymes which function as food additives have been included in an 1100 series. Explanatory notes on the lay-out of the INS The INS in numerical order (Section 3) is set out in three columns giving the identification number, the name of the food additive and the technological purposes. The identification number usually consists of three or four digits such as 100 for curcumins and 1001 for choline salts and esters. However, in some instances the number is followed by an alphabetical suffix, for example, 150a identifies Caramel I plain caramel and 150b identifies Caramel II - sulfite caramel. The alphabetical designations are included in order to further characterize the different classes of additives (e.g. caramel produced by different processes). Under the column listing the name of the food additive, some additives are further subdivided by numerical subscripts. For example, curcumins are subdivided into (i) curcumin and (ii) turmeric. These identifications identify sub-classes (in this case of curcumins) which are covered by separate Codex specifications. The name of the food additive is sometimes followed by an additional name in parentheses. The parenthetical name is optional, and may be used, when necessary, to indicate another commonly associated name or synonym for the additive, for example INS 235 Natamycin (Pimaricin). Not all synonyms are listed. The name of an additive is sometimes, after a comma, followed by a description of the additive, for example INS 161h(i) Zeaxanthin, synthetic. The various technological purposes of the food additives are included in the INS in a third column. The purposes listed are indicative rather than exhaustive. The technological purposes are grouped under more descriptive functional class titles which are intended to be meaningful to consumers. These are listed in Section 2 along with simple definitions of the function performed. A single food additive can often be used for a range of technological purposes in a food and it remains the responsibility of the manufacturer to declare the most descriptive functional class in the list of ingredients. In preparing the INS in numerical order, an effort has been made to group food additives with similar purposes together. However, because of the extension of the list and its open nature, most of the three digit numbers have already been allocated. Consequently, the positioning of a food additive in the list can no longer be taken as an indication of the purpose, although this will often be the case. The food additives that have been allocated an ADI by JECFA, may be http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/jecfa_index_en.asp and http://www.who.int/ipcs/food/jecfa/en/ found at:
JECFA specifications adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission are listed in CAC/MISC 6 Codex Specifications for Food Additives that can be found on Codex website: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/9/CXA_006e.pdf The open nature of the list Because of its primary purpose of identification, the INS is an open list subject to the inclusion of additional additives or removal of existing ones on an ongoing basis.
Adopted in 1989, Revision 2008. Section 3 and 4 International Numbering System for Food Additives are regularly updated. Last amendment 2011.
CAC/GL 36-1989
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DEFINITION A food additive, which controls the acidity or alkalinity of a food. A food additive, which reduces the tendency of components of food to adhere to one another. A food additive, which prevents or reduces foaming. A food additive, which prolongs the shelflife of foods by protecting against deterioration caused by oxidation. A food additive (non-flour use) used to decolourize food. Bleaching agents do not include pigments. A food additive, which contributes to the bulk of a food without contributing significantly to its available energy value. A food additive used to provide carbonation in a food. A food additive used to dissolve, dilute, disperse or otherwise physically modify a food additive or nutrient without altering its function (and without exerting any technological effect itself) in order to facilitate its handling, application or use of the food additive or nutrient. A food additive, which adds or restores colour in a food. A food additive, which stabilizes, retains or intensifies the colour of a food. A food additive, which forms or maintains a uniform emulsion of two or more phases in a food.
TECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSE
acidity regulator, acid, acidifier, alkali, base, buffer, buffering agent, pH adjusting agent anticaking agent, anti-stick agent, drying agent, dusting agent antifoaming agent agent, defoaming
2. Anticaking agent
5. Bleaching agent
6. Bulking agent
carbonating agent carrier, carrier solvent, nutrient carrier, diluent for other food additives, encapsulating agent
colour, decorative pigment, surface colourant colour retention agent, colour fixative, colour stabilizer, colour adjunct emulsifier, plasticizer, dispersing agent, surface active agent, crystallization inhibitor, density adjustment agent (flavouring oils in beverages), suspension agent, clouding agent emulsifying salt, melding salt
A food additive, which, in the manufacture of processed food, rearranges proteins in order to prevent fat separation. A food additive, which makes or keeps tissues of fruit or vegetables firm and crisp, or interacts with gelling agents to produce or strengthen a gel.
firming agent
CAC/GL 36-1989
FUNCTIONAL CLASSES 14. Flavour enhancer 15. Flour treatment agent DEFINITION A food additive, which enhances the existing taste and/or odour of a food. A food additive, which is added to flour or dough to improve its baking quality or colour. A food additive, which makes it possible to form or maintain a uniform dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid or solid food. A food additive, which gives a food texture through formation of a gel. A food additive, which when applied to the external surface of a food, imparts a shiny appearance or provides a protective coating. A food additive, which prevents food from drying out by counteracting the effect of a dry atmosphere. A food additive gas, which is introduced into a container before, during or after filling with food with the intention to protect the food, for example, from oxidation or spoilage. A food additive, which prolongs the shelflife of a food by protecting against deterioration caused by microorganisms.
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TECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSE
flavour enhancer, flavour synergist flour treatment agent, flour bleaching agent, flour improver, dough conditioner, dough strengthening agent foaming agent, whipping agent, aerating agent gelling agent glazing agent, sealing agent, coating agent, surface-finishing agent, polishing agent, filmforming agent humectant, moisture-retention agent, wetting agent packaging gas
19. Humectant
21. Preservative
preservative, antimicrobial preservative, antimycotic agent, bacteriophage control agent, fungistatic agent, antimould and antirope agent, antimicrobial synergist propellant raising agent
A food additive gas, which expels a food from a container. A food additive or a combination of food additives, which liberate(s) gas and thereby increase(s) the volume of a dough or batter. A food additive, which controls the availability of a cation. A food additive, which makes it possible to maintain a uniform dispersion of two or more components. A food additive (other than a mono- or disaccharide sugar), which imparts a sweet taste to a food. A food additive, which increases the viscosity of a food.
sequestrant stabilizer, foam stabilizer, colloidal stabilizer, emulsion stabilizer sweetener, intense sweetener, bulk sweetener thickener, bodying agent, binder, texturizing agent
26. Sweetener
27. Thickener
CAC/GL 36-1989
SECTION 3 INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES List in numerical order INS No. 100 100(i) 100(ii) 101 101(i) 101(ii) 101(iii) 102 103 104 107 110 120 121 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 140 141 141(i) 141(ii) 142 143 150 150a 150b 150c 150d 151 152 153 154 155 160a 160a (i) 160a(ii) 160a(iii) 160a(iv) Name of Food Additive Curcumins Curcumin Turmeric Riboflavins Riboflavin, synthetic Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium Riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis Tartarzine Alkanet Quinoline yellow Yellow 2G Sunset yellow FCF Carmines Citrus red No. 2 Azorubine (Carmoisine) Amaranth Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) Ponceau SX Erythrosine Red 2G Allura red AC Manascorubin Patent blue V Indigotine (Indigo carmine) Brilliant blue FCF Chlorophylls Chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, copper complexes Chlorophylls, copper complexes Chlorophyllins, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts Green S Fast Green FCF Caramels Caramel I plain caramel Caramel II - sulfite caramel Caramel III - ammonia caramel Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel Brilliant black (Black PN) Carbon black (Hydrocarbon) Vegetable carbon Brown FK Brown HT Carotenes Carotenes, beta-, synthetic Carotenes, beta-, vegetable Carotenes, beta-, Blakeslea trispora Carotenes, beta-, algae Technological purpose colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour
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CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 160b 160b(i) 160b(ii) 160c 160d 160d(i) 160d(ii) 160d(iii) 160e 160f 161a 161b 161b(i) 161b(ii) 161c 161d 161e 161f 161g 161h 161h(i) 161h(ii) 162 163 163(ii) 163(iii) 163(iv) 163(v) 164 165 166 170 170(i) Name of Food Additive Annatto extracts Annatto extracts, bixin-based Annatto extracts, norbixin-based Paprika oleoresin Lycopenes Lycopene, synthetic Lycopene, tomato Lycopene , Blakeslea trispora Carotenal, beta-apo-8Carotenoic acid, ethyl ester, beta-apo-8'Flavoxanthin Luteins Lutein from Tagetes erecta Tagetes extract Kryptoxanthin Rubixanthin Violoxanthin Rhodoxanthin Canthaxanthin Zeaxanthins Zeaxanthin, synthetic Zeaxanthin-rich extract from Tagetes erecta Beet red Anthocyanins Grape skin extract Blackcurrant extract Purple corn colour Red cabbage colour Gardenia yellow Gardenia blue Sandalwood Calcium carbonates Calcium carbonate Technological purpose colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour emulsifier stabilizer thickener
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170(ii)
171 172 172(i) 172(ii) 172(iii) 173 174 175 180 181
Titanium dioxide Iron oxides Iron oxide, black Iron oxide, red Iron oxide, yellow Aluminium Silver Gold, metallic Lithol rupine BK Tannic acid (Tannins)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 182 200 201 202 203 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 Name of Food Additive Orchil Sorbic acid Sodium sorbate Potassium sorbate Calcium sorbate Heptyl para-hydroxybenzoate Benzoic acid Sodium benzoate Potassium benzoate Calcium benzoate Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sulfur dioxide Sodium sulfite Sodium hydrogen sulfite Sodium metabisulfite Technological purpose colour preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant bleaching agent flour treatment agent preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative
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224 225 226 227 228 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 249 250
Potassium metabisulfite Potassium sulfite Calcium sulfite Calcium hydrogen sulfite Potassium bisulfite Diphenyl Ortho-phenylphenol Sodium ortho-phenylphenol Thiabendazole Nisin Natamycin (Pimaricin) Formic acid Sodium formate Calcium formate Hexamethylene tetramine Formaldehyde Gum guaicum Dimethyl dicarbonate Lauric arginate ethyl ester Potassium nitrite Sodium nitrite
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 251 252 260 261 261(i) 261(ii) 262 262(i) Name of Food Additive Sodium nitrate Potassium nitrate Acetic acid, glacial Potassium acetates Potassium acetate Potassium diacetate Sodium acetates Sodium acetate Technological purpose colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator preservative sequestrant acidity regulator preservative sequestrant acidity regulator preservative stabilizer acidity regulator preservative preservative acidity regulator preservative preservative preservative preservative carbonating agent packaging gas preservative propellant acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator antioxidant flour treatment agent antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant
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262(ii)
Sodium diacetate
263
Calcium acetate
Ammonium acetate Dehydroacetic acid Sodium dehydroacetate Lactic acid, L-, D- and DLPropionic acid Sodium propionate Calcium propionate Potassium propionate Carbon dioxide
301 302 303 304 305 307 307a 307b 307c 308 309 310 311 312 313 314
Sodium ascorbate Calcium ascorbate Potassium ascorbate Ascorbyl palmitate Ascorbyl stearate Tocopherols Tocopherol, d-alphaTocopherol concentrate, mixed Tocopherol, dl-alphaTocopherol, gamma-, synthetic Tocopherol, delta-, synthetic Propyl gallate Octyl gallate Dodecyl gallate Ethyl gallate Guaiac resin
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 322(i) 322(ii) 323 324 325 Name of Food Additive Erythorbic acid (Isoascorbic acid) Sodium erythorbate (Sodium isoascorbate) Potassium isoascorbate Calcium isoascorbate Tertiary butylhydroquinone Butylated hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxytoluene Lecithins Lecithin Lecithin, partially hydrolysed Anoxomer Ethoxyquin Sodium lactate Technological purpose antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant emulsifier antioxidant emulsifier antioxidant antioxidant acidity regulator antioxidant synergist bodying agent bulking agent humectant acidity regulator antioxidant synergist acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator antioxidant sequestrant acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer
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Potassium lactate Calcium lactate Ammonium lactate Magnesium lactate, DLCitric acid
331 331(i)
331(ii)
331(iii)
Trisodium citrate
332 332(i)
332(ii)
Tripotassium citrate
333 333(i)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 333(ii) Name of Food Additive Dicalcium citrate Technological purpose acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent texturizing agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antimicrobial synergist emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent stabilizer sequestrant texturizing agent
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333(iii)
Tricalcium citrate
334
335(ii)
Sodium L(+)-tartrate
336 336(i)
336(ii)
Dipotassium tartrate
337
338
Phosphoric acid
339 339(i)
339(ii)
339(iii)
Trisodium phosphate
340
Potassium phosphates
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 340(i) Name of Food Additive Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier humectants moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner flour treatment agent firming agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner firming agent flour treatment agent humectants moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator anticaking agent buffer clouding agent firming agent flour treatment agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent
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340(ii)
340(iii)
Tripotassium phosphate
341 341(i)
341(ii)
341(iii)
Tricalcium phosphate
342 342(i)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 342(ii) 343 343(i) 343(ii) 343(iii) 344 345 349 350 350(i) 350(ii) 351 351(i) 351(ii) 352 352(i) 352(ii) 353 354 355 356 357 359 363 364 364(i) 364(ii) 365 366 367 368 370 375 380 381 383 Name of Food Additive Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Magnesium phosphates Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate Magnesium hydrogen phosphate Trimagnesium phosphate Lecithin citrate Magnesium citrate Ammonium malate Sodium malates Sodium hydrogen DL-malate Sodium DL-malate Potassium malates Potassium hydrogen malate Potassium malate Calcium malates Calcium hydrogen malate Calcium malate, D,LMetatartaric acid Calcium tartrate, DLAdipic acid Sodium adipates Potassium adipates Ammonium adipates Succinic acid Sodium succinates Monosodium succinate Disodium succinate Sodium fumarates Potassium fumarates Calcium fumarates Ammonium fumarate Heptonolactone, 1,4Nicotinic acid Triammonium citrate Ferric ammonium citrate Calcium glycerophosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator anticaking agent preservative acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator humectant acidity regulator humectant acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator flavour enhancer acidity regulator flavour enhancer acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator sequestrant colour retention agent acidity regulator anticaking agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener antioxidant preservative sequestrant antioxidant colour retention agent preservative sequestrant
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384
Isopropyl citrates
385
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 386 Name of Food Additive Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate Technological purpose antioxidant preservative sequestrant antioxidant sequestrant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant preservative antioxidant stabilizer bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener
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Oxystearin Thiodipropionic acid Dilauryl thiodipropionate Distearyl thiodipropionate Phytic acid Rosemary extract Calcium lactobionate Alginic acid
401
Sodium alginate
402
Potassium alginate
403
Ammonium alginate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 404 Name of Food Additive Calcium alginate Technological purpose antifoaming agent bulking agent carrier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant thickener stabilizer sequestrant bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier glazing agent gelling agent humectant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener gelling agent stabilizer thickener gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener
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405
406
Agar
407
Carrageenan
407a
408
409
Arabinogalactan
410
411 412
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 413 Name of Food Additive Tragacanth gum Technological purpose emulsifier stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener gelling agent stabilizer thickener stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener anticaking agent bulking agent humectant stabilizer sweetener bodying agent humectant emulsifier firming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener carrier emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectants stabilizer thickener anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer thickener
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414
415
Xanthan gum
416
Karaya gum
417
Tara gum
418 419
420 420(i)
Sorbitols Sorbitol
420(ii)
Sorbitol syrup
421
Mannitol
425
Konjac flour
426
Soybean hemicellulose
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 427 Name of Food Additive Cassia gum Technological purpose emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener carrier emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent
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428
Gelatin
Peptones Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate Pectins
Superglycerinated hydrogenated rapeseed oil Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid Brominated vegetable oils Sucrose acetate isobutyrate Glycerol esters of rosin Glycerol ester of gum rosin Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin Glycerol ester of wood rosin
450(ii)
Trisodium diphosphate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 450(iii) Name of Food Additive Tetrasodium diphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier firming agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator dough conditioner emulsifier firming agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent raising agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent
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450(iv)
Dipotassium diphosphate
450(v)
Tetrapotassium diphosphate
450(vi)
Dicalcium diphosphate
450(vii)
450(viii)
Dimagnesium diphosphate
451(ii)
Pentapotassium triphosphate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 452 452(i) Name of Food Additive Polyphosphates Sodium polyphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer binder stabilizer binder stabilizer binder carrier stabilizer anticaking agent bulking agent carrier coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer texturizing agent thickener
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452(ii)
Potassium polyphosphate
452(iii)
452(iv)
Calcium polyphosphate
452(v)
Ammonium polyphosphate
452(vi)
460 460(i)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 460(ii) Name of Food Additive Powdered cellulose
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461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468 469
Technological purpose anticaking agent bulking agent coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier glazing agent humectant texturizing agent stabilizer thickener Methyl cellulose bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener Ethyl cellulose binder coating agent diluent for other food additives filler glazing agent thickener Hydroxypropyl cellulose binder coating agent emulsifier film-forming agent foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer suspension agent thickener Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener Methyl ethyl cellulose emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum) bulking agent coating agent emulsifier firming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer suspension agent thickener Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose emulsifier stabilizer thickener Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cross- binder linked cellulose gum) stabilizer Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically thickener hydrolysed (Cellulose gum, enzymatically hydrolyzed) stabilizer
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 470 470(i) Name of Food Additive Salts of fatty acids, with base aluminium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium Salts of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids with ammonia, calcium, potassium and sodium Technological purpose
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470(ii)
470(iii)
471
472a
472b
472c
472d
472e
472g
473 473a 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 481(i) 481(ii) 482 482(i)
anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Salts of oleic acid with calcium, potassium and sodium anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Magnesium stearate anticaking agent binder emulsifier Mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids antifoaming agent emulsifier stabilizer Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol antioxidant synergist dough conditioner emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty emulsifier acids sequestrant stabilizer Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Succinylated monoglycerides emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Sucrose esters of fatty acids emulsifier stabilizer Sucrose oligoesters, type I and type II emulsifier stabilizer Sucroglycerides emulsifier Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids emulsifier Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid emulsifier Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids emulsifier Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene emulsifier glycol Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- emulsifier and diglycerides of fatty acids Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate emulsifier wetting agent Sodium lactylates Sodium stearoyl lactylate emulsifier stabilizer Sodium oleyl lactylate emulsifier stabilizer Calcium lactylates Calcium stearoyl lactylate emulsifier
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 482(ii) 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 491 492 493 494 495 496 500 500(i) Name of Food Additive Calcium oleyl lactylate Stearyl tartrate Stearyl citrate Sodium stearoyl fumarate Calcium stearoyl fumarate Sodium laurylsulfate Ethoxylated mono- and di-glycerides Methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester Sorbitan monostearate Sorbitan tristearate Sorbitan monolaurate Sorbitan monooleate Sorbitan monopalmitate Sorbitan trioleate Sodium carbonates Sodium carbonate Technological purpose emulsifier stabilizer flour treatment agent emulsifier sequestrant emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent acidity regulator stabilizer acidity regulator stabilizer acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator anticaking agent colour retention agent acidity regulator anticaking agent carrier colour retention agent drying agent acidity regulator acidity regulator gelling agent flavour enhancer stabilizer thickener
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500(ii)
500(iii)
Sodium sesquicarbonate
Potassium carbonates Potassium carbonate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Ammonium carbonates Ammonium carbonate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Magnesium carbonates Magnesium carbonate
504(ii)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 509 Name of Food Additive Calcium chloride Technological purpose firming agent stabilizer thickener flour treatment agent colour retention agent firming agent stabilizer antioxidant colour retention agent acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent flour treatment agent sequestrant stabilizer flour treatment agent stabilizer firming agent flavour enhancer colour fixative preservative firming agent firming agent acidity regulator stabilizer firming agent stabilizer acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent acidity regulator acidity regulator colour retention agent acidity regulator dough conditioner flour treatment agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent antibrowning agent antioxidant sequestrant
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510 511
Stannous chloride Sulfuric acid Sodium sulfates Sodium sulfate Sodium hydrogen sulfate Potassium sulfates Potassium sulfate Potassium hydrogen sulfate Calcium sulfate
517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529
Ammonium sulfate Magnesium sulfate Cupric sulfate Aluminium sulfate Aluminium sodium sulfate Aluminium potassium sulfate Aluminium ammonium sulfate Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium oxide
Magnesium oxide Sodium ferrocyanide Potassium ferrocyanide Ferrous hexacyanomanganate Calcium ferrocyanide Sodium thiosulfate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 541 541(i) Name of Food Additive Sodium aluminium phosphates Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier stabilizer texturizing agent anticaking agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent dusting agent anticaking agent dusting agent anticaking agent coating agent dusting agent surface-finishing agent texturizing agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent antifoaming agent foam stabilizer glazing agent acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator raising agent sequestrant sequestrant stabilizer thickener acidity regulator sequestrant acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant colour retention agent acidity regulator firming agent flavour enhancer colour retention agent
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541(ii)
542
Bone phosphate
Sodium silicates Sodium silicate Sodium metasilicate Silicon dioxide, amorphous Calcium silicate Magnesium silicates Magnesium silicate, synthetic Magnesium trisilicate Talc
Sodium aluminosilicate Potassium aluminium silicate Calcium aluminium silicate Zinc silicate Bentonite Aluminium silicate Potassium silicate Fatty acids
574 575
576
Sodium gluconate
577 578
579 580
585
Ferrous lactate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 586 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 650 900a Name of Food Additive Hexylresorcinol, 4Glutamic acid, L(+)Monosodium L-glutamate Monopotassium L-glutamate Calcium di-L-glutamate Monoammonium L-glutamate Magnesium di-L-glutamate Guanylic acid, 5Disodium 5-guanylate Dipotassium 5-guanylate Calcium 5-guanylate Inosinic acid, 5Disodium 5-inosinate Potassium 5-inosinate Calcium 5-inosinate Calcium 5-ribonucleotides Disodium 5-ribonucleotides Maltol Ethyl maltol Sodium L-aspartate Alanine, DLGlycine Leucine, LLysin hydrochloride Zinc acetate Polydimethylsiloxane Technological purpose antioxidant colour retention agent flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer anticaking agent antifoaming agent emulsifier antifoaming agent clouding agent glazing agent clouding agent glazing agent acidity regulator bulking agent carrier glazing agent coating agent glazing agent surface-finishing agent glazing agent sealing agent antifoaming agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent glazing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent
Page 23 of 55
904
Shellac, bleached
905a 905b
Petroleum wax Microcrystalline wax Paraffin wax Mineral oil, high viscosity Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class I
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 905f 905g 906 907 908 909 910 911 913 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924a 924b 925 926 927a 927b 928 929 930 940 941 942 Name of Food Additive Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class II Technological purpose glazing agent sealing agent Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class III glazing agent sealing agent Benzoin gum glazing agent Hydrogenated poly-1-decenes glazing agent Rice bran wax glazing agent Spermaceti wax glazing agent Wax esters glazing agent Methyl esters of fatty acids glazing agent Lanolin glazing agent Glycerol, methyl, or pentaerithrytol esters of colophane glazing agent Calcium iodate flour treatment agent Potassium iodate flour treatment agent Nitrogen oxides flour treatment agent Nitrosyl chloride flour treatment agent Cysteine, L- and its hydrochlorides sodium and flour treatment agent potassium salts Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and flour treatment agent potassium salts Potassium persulfate flour treatment agent Ammonium persulfate flour treatment agent Potassium bromate flour treatment agent Calcium bromate flour treatment agent Chlorine flour bleaching agent Chlorine dioxide flour treatment agent Azodicarbonamide flour treatment agent Urea (Carbamide) flour treatment agent Benzoyl peroxide flour treatment agent preservative Acetone peroxide flour treatment agent Calcium peroxide flour treatment agent Dichlorodifluormethane propellant Nitrogen packaging gas propellant Nitrous oxide antioxidant foaming agent packaging gas propellant Butane propellant Isobutane propellant Propane propellant Chloropentafluorethane propellant Octafluorcyclobutane propellant Hydrogen packaging gas Acesulfame potassium flavour enhancer sweetener Aspartame flavour enhancer sweetener Cyclamates Cyclamic acid sweetener Calcium cyclamate sweetener Sodium cyclamate sweetener
Page 24 of 55
943a 943b 944 945 946 949 950 951 952 952(i) 952(ii) 952(iv)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 953 Name of Food Additive Isomalt (Hydrogenated isomaltulose) Technological purpose anticaking agent bulking agent glazing agent sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener sweetener sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener bulking agent emulsifier humectant sweetener stabilizer bulking agent emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener emulsifier sweetener texturizing agent emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener thickener flavour enhancer humectant sweetener emulsifier foaming agent emulsifier foaming agent emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier
Page 25 of 55
954 954(i) 954(ii) 954(iii) 954(iv) 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 965(i)
Saccharins Saccharin Calcium saccharin Potassium saccharin Sodium saccharin Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) Alitame Thaumatin Glycyrrhizin Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone Steviol glycosides Neotame Aspartame-acesulfame salt Tagatose, DPolyglycitol syrup Maltitols Maltitol
965(ii)
Maltiol syrup
966
Lactitol
967
Xylitol
968
Erythritol
Quillaia extracts Quillaia extract type 1 Quillaia extract type 2 Cholic acid Choline salts and esters Choline acetate Choline carbonate Choline chloride Choline citrate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1001(v) 1001(vi) 1100 1101 1101(i) Name of Food Additive Choline tartrate Choline lactate Amylases Proteases Protease Technological purpose emulsifier emulsifier flour treatment agent flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer flavour enhancer flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer antioxidant stabilizer flavour enhancer preservative bulking agent coating agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer texturizing agent thickener bodying agent dispersing agent stabilizer colloidal stabilizer colour stabilizer stabilizer binder coating agent sealing agent surface-finishing agent film-forming agent glazing agent anticaking agent carrier solvent emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer carrier carrier carrier solvent emulsifier foam stabilizer plasticizer sequestrant carrier carrier solvent emulsifier humectant plasticizer carrier
Page 26 of 55
1101(ii) 1101(iii)
Papain Bromelain
1101(iv)
Ficin
1201
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
1202
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, insoluble
1203
Polyvinyl alcohol
1204 1503
1517 1518
1519
Benzyl alcohol
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1520 Name of Food Additive Propylene glycol Technological purpose dispersing agent glazing agent humectant wetting agent antifoaming agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer carrier encapsulating agent
Page 27 of 55
1521
Polyethylene glycol
1522
Calcium lignosulfonate,40-65
CAC/GL 36-1989
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST - MODIFIED STARCHES List in numerical order INS No. 1400 Name of Food Additive Dextrins, roasted starch Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener
Page 28 of 55
1401
Acid-treated starch
1402
1403
Bleached starch
1404
Oxidized starch
1405
1410
Monostarch phosphate
1411
Distarch glycerol
1412
Distarch phosphate
1413
1414
1420
Starch acetate
1422
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1440 Name of Food Additive Hydroxypropyl starch Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener anticaking agent carrier stabilizer
Page 29 of 55
1442
1450
1451
1452
CAC/GL 36-1989
SECTION 4 INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES List in alphabetical order INS No. 950 260 472a Name of Food Additive Acesulfame potassium Acetic acid, glacial Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol Technological purpose flavour enhancer sweetener acidity regulator preservative emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer flour treatment agent acidity regulator bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier glazing agent gelling agent humectant stabilizer thickener flavour enhancer bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener sweetener colour colour colour firming agent stabilizer acidity regulator stabilizer anticaking agent firming agent firming agent colour acidity regulator acidity regulator
Page 30 of 55
639 400
956 103 129 173 523 522 559 521 520 123 264 359
Alitame Alkanet Allura red AC Aluminium Aluminium ammonium sulfate Aluminium potassium sulfate Aluminium silicate Aluminium sodium sulfate Aluminium sulfate Amaranth Ammonium acetate Ammonium adipates
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 403 Name of Food Additive Ammonium alginate Technological purpose bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener acidity regulator raising agent flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent emulsifier flour treatment agent stabilizer flour treatment agent colour colour antioxidant gelling agent stabilizer thickener acidity regulator antioxidant flour treatment agent antioxidant antioxidant flavour enhancer sweetener sweetener flour treatment agent colour gelling agent stabilizer thickener
Page 31 of 55
503(i) 503 510 342(i) 368 503(ii) 527 328 349 923 342 452(v)
Ammonium carbonate Ammonium carbonates Ammonium chloride Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Ammonium fumarate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium lactate Ammonium malate Ammonium persulfate Ammonium phosphates Ammonium polyphosphate
Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid Ammonium sulfate Amylases Annatto extracts Annatto extracts, bixin-based Annatto extracts, norbixin-based Anoxomer Anthocyanins Arabinogalactan
300
Ascorbic acid, L-
Ascorbyl palmitate Ascorbyl stearate Aspartame Aspartame-acesulfame salt Azodicarbonamide Azorubine (Carmoisine) Bakers yeast glycan
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 901 162 558 210 906 928 1519 163(iii) 542 Name of Food Additive Beeswax Beet red Bentonite Benzoic acid Benzoin gum Benzoyl peroxide Benzyl alcohol Blackcurrant extract Bone phosphate Technological purpose clouding agent glazing agent colour anticaking agent preservative glazing agent flour treatment agent preservative carrier colour anticaking agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent colour colour flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer colour colour propellant antioxidant antioxidant flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer acidity regulator preservative stabilizer antifoaming agent bulking agent carrier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant thickener stabilizer sequestrant anticaking agent antioxidant preservative flour treatment agent acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant firming agent stabilizer thickener sweetener
Page 32 of 55
443 154 155 943a 320 321 629 633 634 263
Brominated vegetable oils Brown FK Brown HT Butane Butylated hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxytoluene Calcium 5-guanylate Calcium 5-inosinate Calcium 5-ribonucleotides Calcium acetate
404
Calcium alginate
Calcium aluminium silicate Calcium ascorbate Calcium benzoate Calcium bromate Calcium carbonate
170 509
333 952(ii)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 450(vii) Name of Food Additive Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner flour treatment agent firming agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent flavour enhancer antioxidant colour retention agent preservative sequestrant anticaking agent preservative acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant gelling agent stabilizer thickener acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant acidity regulator acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner firming agent flour treatment agent humectants moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent antioxidant preservative acidity regulator firming agent flour treatment agent antioxidant acidity regulator flour treatment agent stabilizer
Page 33 of 55
341(i)
623 385
383
Calcium glycerophosphate
170(ii)
352(i) 341(ii)
Calcium hydrogen sulfite Calcium hydroxide Calcium iodate Calcium isoascorbate Calcium lactate Calcium lactobionate Calcium lactylates
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1522 352(ii) 352 482(ii) 529 Name of Food Additive Calcium lignosulfonate,40-65 Calcium malate, D,LCalcium malates Calcium oleyl lactylate Calcium oxide Technological purpose carrier encapsulating agent acidity regulator emulsifier stabilizer acidity regulator dough conditioner flour treatment agent flour treatment agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent preservative sweetener anticaking agent preservative emulsifier emulsifier firming agent flour treatment agent sequestrant stabilizer antioxidant preservative acidity regulator clouding agent glazing agent colour colour colour colour colour colour carbonating agent packaging gas preservative propellant colour acidity regulator bulking agent carrier glazing agent emulsifier stabilizer thickener colour colour
Page 34 of 55
Calcium propionate Calcium saccharin Calcium silicate Calcium sorbate Calcium stearoyl fumarate Calcium stearoyl lactylate Calcium sulfate
226 354 902 161g 150a 150b 150c 150d 150 152 290
Calcium sulfite Calcium tartrate, DLCandelilla wax Canthaxanthin Caramel I plain caramel Caramel II - sulfite caramel Caramel III - ammonia caramel Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel Caramels Carbon black (Hydrocarbon) Carbon dioxide
120 903
410
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 160a(iii) 160a (i) 160a(ii) 160f 407 Name of Food Additive Carotenes, beta-, Blakeslea trispora Carotenes, beta-, synthetic Carotenes, beta-, vegetable Carotenoic acid, ethyl ester, beta-apo-8'Carrageenan Technological purpose colour colour colour colour bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener anticaking agent carrier solvent emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer flour bleaching agent flour treatment agent propellant colour colour colour emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier acidity regulator antioxidant sequestrant antioxidant synergist dough conditioner emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer colour binder stabilizer colour fixative preservative colour
Page 35 of 55
427
Cassia gum
1503
Castor oil
460 925 926 945 141(ii) 140 141 141(i) 1000 1001(i) 1001(ii) 1001(iii) 1001(iv) 1001(vi) 1001 1001(v) 330
Celluloses Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chloropentafluorethane Chlorophyllins, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts Chlorophylls Chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, copper complexes Chlorophylls, copper complexes Cholic acid Choline acetate Choline carbonate Choline chloride Choline citrate Choline lactate Choline salts and esters Choline tartrate Citric acid
472c
Citrus red No. 2 Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Crosslinked cellulose gum) Cupric sulfate Curcumin Curcumins
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 424 Name of Food Additive Curdlan Technological purpose firming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener sweetener binder stabilizer binder carrier stabilizer binder stabilizer carrier carrier flour treatment agent flour treatment agent preservative emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier firming agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent propellant antioxidant acidity regulator dough conditioner emulsifier firming agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent preservative emulsifier wetting agent preservative flavour enhancer
Page 36 of 55
Cyclodextrin, gammaCyclotetraglucose Cyclotetraglucose syrup Cysteine, L- and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts Dehydroacetic acid Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol
342(ii) 333(ii)
450(vi)
Dicalcium diphosphate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 450(iv) Name of Food Additive Dipotassium diphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent antioxidant preservative sequestrant acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent texturizing agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator flavour enhancer antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant flavour enhancer humectant sweetener colour emulsifier antioxidant
Page 37 of 55
340(ii)
336(ii)
Dipotassium tartrate
386
Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
339(ii)
331(ii)
Disodium succinate Distearyl thiodipropionate Dodecyl gallate Erythorbic acid (Isoascorbic acid) Erythritol
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 462 Name of Food Additive Ethyl cellulose
Page 38 of 55
Technological purpose binder coating agent diluent for other food additives filler glazing agent thickener antioxidant emulsifier stabilizer thickener flavour enhancer preservative colour antifoaming agent foam stabilizer glazing agent anticaking agent acidity regulator colour retention agent anticaking agent colour retention agent flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer colour preservative preservative acidity regulator colour colour carrier emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener stabilizer thickener acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator raising agent sequestrant antioxidant flavour enhancer bodying agent humectant carrier density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier stabilizer
313 467
Ferric ammonium citrate Ferrous carbonate Ferrous gluconate Ferrous hexacyanomanganate Ferrous lactate Ficin
Flavoxanthin Formaldehyde Formic acid Fumaric acid Gardenia blue Gardenia yellow Gelatin
Glucose oxidase Glutamic acid, L(+)Glycerol Glycerol diacetate Glycerol ester of gum rosin Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin Glycerol ester of wood rosin
445
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 915 640 958 175 163(ii) 142 314 626 412 Name of Food Additive Glycerol, methyl, or pentaerithrytol esters of colophane Glycine Glycyrrhizin Gold, metallic Grape skin extract Green S Guaiac resin Guanylic acid, 5Guar gum Technological purpose glazing agent flavour enhancer flavour enhancer sweetener colour colour colour antioxidant flavour enhancer emulsifier stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener preservative acidity regulator sequestrant preservative preservative antioxidant colour retention agent acidity regulator packaging gas glazing agent binder coating agent emulsifier film-forming agent foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer suspension agent thickener bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener colour flavour enhancer stabilizer colour colour colour propellant
Page 39 of 55
414
419
Gum ghatti
Gum guaicum Heptonolactone, 1,4Heptyl para-hydroxybenzoate Hexamethylene tetramine Hexylresorcinol, 4Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen Hydrogenated poly-1-decenes Hydroxypropyl cellulose
464
Indigotine (Indigo carmine) Inosinic acid, 5Invertases Iron oxide, black Iron oxide, red Iron oxide, yellow Iron oxides Isobutane
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 953 Name of Food Additive Isomalt (Hydrogenated isomaltulose) Technological purpose anticaking agent bulking agent glazing agent sweetener antioxidant preservative sequestrant emulsifier stabilizer thickener carrier emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectants stabilizer thickener colour acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer emulsifier sweetener texturizing agent emulsifier glazing agent preservative antioxidant emulsifier preservative antioxidant emulsifier flavour enhancer flavour enhancer colour colour colour colour colour flavour enhancer preservative acidity regulator anticaking agent colour retention agent colour retention agent firming agent stabilizer acidity regulator raising agent
Page 40 of 55
384
Isopropyl citrates
416
Karaya gum
425
Konjac flour
Kryptoxanthin Lactic acid, L-, D- and DLLactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol
966
Lactitol
478 913 243 322(i) 344 322(ii) 322 641 1104 180 161b(i) 161b 160d(iii) 160d(i) 160d(ii) 160d 642 1105 504(i)
Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol Lanolin Lauric arginate ethyl ester Lecithin Lecithin citrate Lecithin, partially hydrolysed Lecithins Leucine, LLipases Lithol rupine BK Lutein from Tagetes erecta Luteins Lycopene , Blakeslea trispora Lycopene, synthetic Lycopene, tomato Lycopenes Lysin hydrochloride Lysozyme Magnesium carbonate
504 511
345 450(ix)
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 343(i) 625 580 Name of Food Additive Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate Magnesium di-L-glutamate Magnesium gluconate Technological purpose acidity regulator anticaking agent flavour enhancer acidity regulator firming agent flavour enhancer acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator colour retention agent acidity regulator anticaking agent carrier colour retention agent drying agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent anticaking agent anticaking agent dusting agent anticaking agent binder emulsifier firming agent flavour enhancer anticaking agent dusting agent acidity regulator bulking agent emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener bulking agent emulsifier humectant sweetener stabilizer flavour enhancer colour anticaking agent bulking agent humectant stabilizer sweetener acidity regulator bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener glazing agent
Page 41 of 55
Magnesium lactate, DLMagnesium oxide Magnesium phosphates Magnesium silicate, synthetic Magnesium silicates Magnesium stearate
965(i)
Maltitol
353 461
911
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 465 Name of Food Additive Methyl ethyl cellulose Technological purpose emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier preservative antifoaming agent anticaking agent bulking agent carrier coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer texturizing agent thickener glazing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent antifoaming agent emulsifier stabilizer flavour enhancer acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer flavour enhancer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer flavour enhancer acidity regulator flavour enhancer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer preservative sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener colour retention agent preservative packaging gas propellant flour treatment agent
Page 42 of 55
Methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Methylphenylpolysiloxane Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose gel)
Microcrystalline wax Mineral oil, food grade Mineral oil, high viscosity Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class I Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class II Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class III Mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids
624 333(i)
622 336(i)
Natamycin (Pimaricin) Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone Neotame Nicotinic acid Nisin Nitrogen Nitrogen oxides
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 919 942 Name of Food Additive Nitrosyl chloride Nitrous oxide Technological purpose flour treatment agent antioxidant foaming agent packaging gas propellant stabilizer thickener propellant emulsifier antioxidant colour preservative antioxidant sequestrant flavour enhancer colour glazing agent colour emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent emulsifier antifoaming agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant preservative bulking agent coating agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer texturizing agent thickener anticaking agent antifoaming agent emulsifier
Page 43 of 55
411 946 423 311 182 231 387 1101(ii) 160c 905c(ii) 131 440
Oat gum Octafluorcyclobutane Octenyl succinic acid (OSA) modified gum arabic Octyl gallate Orchil Ortho-phenylphenol Oxystearin Papain Paprika oleoresin Paraffin wax Patent blue V Pectins
451(ii)
Pentapotassium triphosphate
451(i)
Pentasodium triphosphate
429 905b
905c 338
391 1200
900a
Polydimethylsiloxane
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1521 Name of Food Additive Polyethylene glycol Technological purpose antifoaming agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer emulsifier emulsifier sweetener dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier binder coating agent sealing agent surface-finishing agent bodying agent dispersing agent stabilizer colloidal stabilizer colour stabilizer stabilizer colour colour flavour enhancer acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener anticaking agent antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative flour treatment agent acidity regulator stabilizer
Page 44 of 55
475 476 964 432 433 434 435 436 431 430 452 1203
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid Polyglycitol syrup Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate Polyphosphates Polyvinyl alcohol
1201
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
1202
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, insoluble
Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) Ponceau SX Potassium 5-inosinate Potassium acetate Potassium acetates Potassium adipates Potassium alginate
Potassium aluminium silicate Potassium ascorbate Potassium benzoate Potassium bisulfite Potassium bromate Potassium carbonate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 501 508 Name of Food Additive Potassium carbonates Potassium chloride Technological purpose gelling agent flavour enhancer stabilizer thickener acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent anticaking agent acidity regulator acidity regulator sequestrant acidity regulator stabilizer acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator flour treatment agent antioxidant acidity regulator antioxidant synergist acidity regulator antioxidant preservative colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative flour treatment agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent preservative sweetener anticaking agent acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer preservative
Page 45 of 55
340(i)
536 366 577 501(ii) 351(i) 515(ii) 525 917 317 326 351(ii) 351 224 252 249 922 340 452(ii)
Potassium ferrocyanide Potassium fumarates Potassium gluconate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Potassium hydrogen malate Potassium hydrogen sulfate Potassium hydroxide Potassium iodate Potassium isoascorbate Potassium lactate Potassium malate Potassium malates Potassium metabisulfite Potassium nitrate Potassium nitrite Potassium persulfate Potassium phosphates Potassium polyphosphate
202
Potassium sorbate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 515(i) 515 225 336 460(ii) Name of Food Additive Potassium sulfate Potassium sulfates Potassium sulfite Potassium tartrates Powdered cellulose Technological purpose acidity regulator antioxidant preservative anticaking agent bulking agent coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier glazing agent humectant texturizing agent stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener propellant preservative antioxidant preservative dispersing agent glazing agent humectant wetting agent bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer film-forming agent glazing agent colour emulsifier foaming agent emulsifier foaming agent colour colour colour colour
Page 46 of 55
407a
405
477 1101(i)
1101 1204 163(iv) 999(i) 999(ii) 999 104 128 163(v) 161f
Proteases Pullulan Purple corn colour Quillaia extract type 1 Quillaia extract type 2 Quillaia extracts Quinoline yellow Red 2G Red cabbage colour Rhodoxanthin
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 101(ii) 101(iii) 101(i) 101 908 392 161d 954(i) 954 470 470(i) Name of Food Additive Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium Riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis Riboflavin, synthetic Riboflavins Rice bran wax Rosemary extract Rubixanthin Saccharin Saccharins Salts of fatty acids, with base aluminium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium Salts of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids with ammonia, calcium, potassium and sodium Technological purpose colour colour colour glazing agent antioxidant colour sweetener
Page 47 of 55
470(ii)
166 904
541(i)
541(ii)
anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Salts of oleic acid with calcium, potassium and sodium anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Sandalwood colour Shellac, bleached coating agent glazing agent surface-finishing agent Silicon dioxide, amorphous anticaking agent Silver colour Sodium acetate acidity regulator preservative sequestrant Sodium acetates Sodium adipates acidity regulator Sodium alginate bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent Sodium aluminium phosphate, basic acidity regulator emulsifier stabilizer texturizing agent Sodium aluminium phosphates Sodium aluminosilicate anticaking agent Sodium ascorbate antioxidant Sodium benzoate preservative
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 452(iii) Name of Food Additive Sodium calcium polyphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent
Page 48 of 55
500(i)
Sodium carbonate
500 466
331(i)
339(i)
500(ii)
350(i) 514(ii)
bulking agent coating agent emulsifier firming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer suspension agent thickener Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically thickener hydrolysed (Cellulose gum, enzymatically hydrolyzed) stabilizer Sodium citrates Sodium cyclamate sweetener Sodium dehydroacetate preservative Sodium diacetate acidity regulator preservative sequestrant Sodium dihydrogen citrate acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Sodium dihydrogen phosphate acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent Sodium DL-malate acidity regulator humectant Sodium erythorbate (Sodium isoascorbate) antioxidant Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative Sodium ferrocyanide anticaking agent Sodium formate preservative Sodium fumarates acidity regulator Sodium gluconate sequestrant stabilizer thickener Sodium hydrogen carbonate acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent Sodium hydrogen DL-malate acidity regulator humectant Sodium hydrogen sulfate acidity regulator
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 222 524 335(ii) Name of Food Additive Sodium hydrogen sulfite Sodium hydroxide Sodium L(+)-tartrate Technological purpose antioxidant preservative acidity regulator acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antioxidant synergist bodying agent bulking agent humectant flavour enhancer emulsifier antioxidant bleaching agent flour treatment agent preservative anticaking agent preservative colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative emulsifier stabilizer preservative acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer preservative preservative sweetener acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent anticaking agent preservative emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer acidity regulator
Page 49 of 55
325
Sodium lactate
Sodium lactylates Sodium L-aspartate Sodium laurylsulfate Sodium malates Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium metasilicate Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrite Sodium oleyl lactylate Sodium ortho-phenylphenol Sodium phosphates Sodium polyphosphate
452(vi)
Sodium silicate Sodium silicates Sodium sorbate Sodium stearoyl fumarate Sodium stearoyl lactylate Sodium succinates Sodium sulfate
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 514 221 335 539 Name of Food Additive Sodium sulfates Sodium sulfite Sodium tartrates Sodium thiosulfate Technological purpose antioxidant preservative antibrowning agent antioxidant sequestrant preservative emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier emulsifier bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer thickener glazing agent antioxidant colour retention agent emulsifier sequestrant flour treatment agent sweetener acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer emulsifier sweetener emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer antioxidant preservative acidity regulator
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Sorbic acid Sorbitan monolaurate Sorbitan monooleate Sorbitan monopalmitate Sorbitan monostearate Sorbitan trioleate Sorbitan tristearate Sorbitol
420(ii)
Sorbitol syrup
420 426
Spermaceti wax Stannous chloride Stearyl citrate Stearyl tartrate Steviol glycosides Succinic acid Succinylated monoglycerides
Succistearin Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) Sucroglycerides Sucrose acetate isobutyrate Sucrose esters of fatty acids Sucrose oligoesters, type I and type II Sulfur dioxide Sulfuric acid
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 110 441 963 161b(ii) 553(iii) Name of Food Additive Sunset yellow FCF Superglycerinated hydrogenated rapeseed oil Tagatose, DTagetes extract Talc Technological purpose colour emulsifier sweetener colour anticaking agent coating agent dusting agent surface-finishing agent texturizing agent Tannic acid (Tannins) colour emulsifier stabilizer thickener Tara gum gelling agent stabilizer thickener Tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty emulsifier acids sequestrant stabilizer Tartaric acid, L(+)acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant Tartarzine colour Tertiary butylhydroquinone antioxidant Tetrapotassium diphosphate acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent Tetrasodium diphosphate acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent Thaumatin flavour enhancer sweetener Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- emulsifier and diglycerides of fatty acids Thiabendazole preservative Thiodipropionic acid antioxidant Titanium dioxide colour Tocopherol concentrate, mixed antioxidant Tocopherol, d-alphaantioxidant Tocopherol, delta-, synthetic antioxidant Tocopherol, dl-alphaantioxidant Tocopherol, gamma-, synthetic antioxidant Tocopherols Tragacanth gum emulsifier stabilizer thickener
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181
417
472d
334
450(iii)
957 479 233 388 171 307b 307a 309 307c 308 307 413
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1518 Name of Food Additive Triacetin Technological purpose carrier solvent emulsifier humectant plasticizer acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator anticaking agent buffer clouding agent firming agent flour treatment agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent carrier solvent emulsifier foam stabilizer plasticizer sequestrant acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier humectants moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator antimicrobial synergist emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent stabilizer sequestrant texturizing agent colour
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380 333(iii)
341(iii)
Tricalcium phosphate
1505
Triethyl citrate
340(iii)
Tripotassium phosphate
331(iii)
Trisodium citrate
450(ii)
Trisodium diphosphate
339(iii)
Trisodium phosphate
100(ii)
Turmeric
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 927b 153 161e 910 415 Name of Food Additive Urea (Carbamide) Vegetable carbon Violoxanthin Wax esters Xanthan gum Technological purpose flour treatment agent colour colour glazing agent emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener thickener colour colour colour flavour enhancer anticaking agent
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967
Xylitol
Yellow 2G Zeaxanthin, synthetic Zeaxanthin-rich extract from Tagetes erecta Zeaxanthins Zinc acetate Zinc silicate
CAC/GL 36-1989
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST - MODIFIED STARCHES
Page 54 of 55
List inalphabetical order INS No. 1422 Name of Food Additive Acetylated distarch adipate Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener
1414
1451
1401
Acid-treated starch
1402
1403
Bleached starch
1400
1411
Distarch glycerol
1412
Distarch phosphate
1442
1440
Hydroxypropyl starch
1410
Monostarch phosphate
1404
Oxidized starch
CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1413 Name of Food Additive Phosphated distarch phosphate Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener anticaking agent carrier stabilizer binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener
Page 55 of 55
1420
Starch acetate
1452
1450
1405