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BACKGROUND
Monetary crisis knocks over the whole country around the world, including our beloved country, Indonesia. Worlds experts in economy look for the cause and go all out to cure the economy in each own state. Economical crisis have generated many loss, such as the increase of unemployment, the increase of crime number, and many other crises triggered by. Economic system of capitalist with its interest system is expected as the cause of the crisis. Economic system of Islam start to be peeped as an alternative, and its expected that it can answer world challenge in the future. Economic System of Islam or Islamic Economic is deliberated in so many times lately and it becomes a hot topic in Indonesia. Many capital cities and almost every other govermental area in Indonesia try to implement the Islamic Economic system subsequently follows the destruction of capitalism. This article will study the economic system with all it is related to. Al-Qur'An have given some coherent example regarding the problem of economics, which emphasizes that economics is one of the concerned area of Islam. " (Remember) when Syu'Aib say to them ( inhabitant of Aikah): 'Why dont you be devout?' Indeed I am a messenger of God who had been entrusted to you. So, Be devout consequently to Allah and obey me. I dont look for your payment for this preaching, my pay is nothing but from God, Master of all universe. Be accurate when you measure and don't you become lossy people. Weigh with precised weighing. Don't harm others rights and don't do evil things and make any destruction on earth. " (Qs.26 (As-Shuarraa): 177-183)
Chapter II
EXPLANATION
A. Definition
Islamic economics refers to the body of Islamic studies literature that "identifies and promotes an economic order that conforms to Islamic scripture and traditions," and the economic world is an interest-free Islamic banking system, grounded to Sharia's condemnation of interest (riba). The literature has been developed since the late 1940s, and especially since the mid-1960s. The banking system developed during the 1970s. The central features of Islamic economic literature have been summarized as the following: "behavioral norms" derived from the Holy Quran and Sunna, zakat tax (alms giving) as the basis of Islamic fiscal policy, and prohibition of interest. In Shia, some scholars--such as Mahmoud Taleghani and Mohammad Baqir alSadr--have developed an "Islamic economics" emphasizing the uplifting of the deprived masses. "Islamic economics" a major role for the state in matters such as circulation and equitable distribution of wealth, reward to participants in the marketplace for being exposed to risk, and liability. Islamist movements and authors generally describe an Islamic economic system as neither Socialist nor Capitalist, but as a "third way" with none of the drawbacks of the other two systems. Islamic Economic (Syariah) definition according to Economists: Muhammad Abdul Mannan: " Economic System of Islam represents social sciences in studying the problem of peoples economy based on Islam values .
M.M Metwally " Islamic Economics can be defined as a science studying moslem behavior (religious) in Islam society following Al Quran, Hadith, Ijma and Qiyas .
The word people, here, is not only Moslem, but entire/all existed people on earth. Life isnt only about fulfilling needs of this life, but also to prepare our life afterlife in eternity. So, they have to be balanced, life and eternity needs.
C. Economic Principles
Economic principle is contrived by the step of human being with certain sacrifice to obtain their needs, to get maximum result. Economic principles is various. There are capitalists, communists, socialists, and Muslims, they are different to each other. Economic System of Capitalist Capitalist Economic principle is - Freedom in owning assets privately - Freedom Economy and competition Economic System of Communist Communist Economic principle is - The ownership of production instrument belongs to the state - Economic process runs based on the plan which have been made - Economic planning as the plan for the economy process that will be passed. Economic System of Socialist Economic principle Socialist is - The ownership of production instrument belongs the trade union cooperations, legal bodyand other society. The government master vital product appliance. - Economic process run on the basis of market mechanism
- Economic planning as impeller and influence with effort accomodate individual requirement with requirement of society. Economic System of Moslems Islamic Economic system has a different element with other economic system, that in economic system of Islam there are moral value and religious service value in its each; every activity. Economic principle Islam is - Individual freedom, - Rights to take ownership, - Economic difference in limitation. - Social equality - Social Safety - Prohibition of property heaping - Prohibition of anti-sosial institution - Individual benefaction in society
Indonesia have economic system by xself, that is democratic economic system, principal of its base is contained in UUD'45 section 33. Three Elementary Principle concerned in Islamic economics according to Islams Laws. Tawhid, this principal states that Allah SWT is The Only Owner and power of all universe. Khilafah, state that every human being is Allahs delegate, or in other word, khalifah in the world, whom awarded a set of spiritual potency and equipment of resources items that can be used in order to lead them to
Islamic Economic Article
UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG 2011
Allahs blessing, and who represent parts of the integral purpose of Moslem law (as-syariah maqasid). Consequently, this principle claims that representing trust from Allah have to be used to reflect the target of Moslem law, like the accomplishment of needs (need fullfillment), esteeming the source of earnings (earnings resource respecting), earnings distribution and wealth proration (equitable wealth and income distribution) and also growth and stability (stability and growth).
2) Prohibition of loan sharking. 3) Economic cooperation. 4) Social warranty. 5) State contribution. Philosophic Value of Islamic Economic 1) Islamic Economic is based on the values 2) Islamic Economic is dynamic, it means its research and development run contantly. Economic Normatif system value of Islam 1) Basis of aqidah 2) Basisofr akhlaq 3) Basis of syari'ah 4) Al-Qur'Anul Karim 5) Ijtihad ( Ra'Yu), covering qiyas, problem of mursalah, istihsan, istishab, and urf.
Chapter III
SUMMARY
Economics, as one of Perekonomian sebagai salah satu sendi kehidupan yang penting bagi manusia, oleh al-Qur'an telah diatur sedemikian rupa. Riba secara tegas telah dilarang karena merupakan salah satu sumber labilitas perekonomian dunia. Al-Qur'an menggambarkannya sebagai orang yang tidak dapat berdiri tegak melainkan secara limbung bagai orang yang kemasukan syaithan.
Hal terpenting dari semua itu adalah bahwa kita harus dapat mengembalikan fungsi asli uang yaitu sebagai alat tukar / jual-beli. Memperlakukan uang sebagai komoditi dengan cara memungut bunga adalah sebuah dosa besar, dan orang-orang yang tetap mengambil riba setelah tiba larangan Allah, diancam akan dimasukkan ke neraka (Qs.al-Baqarah:275). Berdirinya Bank Muamalat Indonesia merupakan salah satu contoh tantangan untuk membuktikan suatu pendapat bahwa konsepsi Islam dalam bidang moneter dapat menjadi konsep alternati Ekonomi dalam Islam adalah ilmu yang mempelajari segala prilaku manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan tujuan memperoleh falah (kedamaian & kesejahteraan dunia-akhirat). Kata Islam setelah Ekonomi dalam ungkapan Ekonomi Islam berfungsi sebagai identitas tanpa mempengaruhi makna atau definisi ekonomi itu sendiri. Karena definisinya lebih ditentukan oleh perspektif atau lebih tepat lagi worldview yang digunakan sebagai landasan nilai. Pada tingkat tertentu isu definisi Ekonomi Islam sangat terkait sekali dengan wacana Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan (Islamization of Knowledge) Science dalam Islam lebih dimaknakan sebagai segala pengetahuan yang terbukti kebenarannya secara ilmiah yang mampu mendekatkan manusia kepada Allah SWT (revelation standard kebenaran absolut). Sedangkan Science dikenal luas dalam dunia konvensional adalah segala ilmu yang memenuhi kaidah-kaidah metode ilmiah (human creation kebenaran relatif).
Prilaku manusia disini berkaitan dengan landasan-landasan syariat sebagai rujukan berprilaku dan kecenderungan-kecenderungan dari fitrah manusia. Dan dalam ekonomi Islam, kedua hal tersebut berinteraksi dengan porsinya masingmasing hingga terbentuklah sebuah mekanisme ekonomi yang khas dengan dasardasar nilai Ilahiyah.