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Chapter I

BACKGROUND

Monetary crisis knocks over the whole country around the world, including our beloved country, Indonesia. Worlds experts in economy look for the cause and go all out to cure the economy in each own state. Economical crisis have generated many loss, such as the increase of unemployment, the increase of crime number, and many other crises triggered by. Economic system of capitalist with its interest system is expected as the cause of the crisis. Economic system of Islam start to be peeped as an alternative, and its expected that it can answer world challenge in the future. Economic System of Islam or Islamic Economic is deliberated in so many times lately and it becomes a hot topic in Indonesia. Many capital cities and almost every other govermental area in Indonesia try to implement the Islamic Economic system subsequently follows the destruction of capitalism. This article will study the economic system with all it is related to. Al-Qur'An have given some coherent example regarding the problem of economics, which emphasizes that economics is one of the concerned area of Islam. " (Remember) when Syu'Aib say to them ( inhabitant of Aikah): 'Why dont you be devout?' Indeed I am a messenger of God who had been entrusted to you. So, Be devout consequently to Allah and obey me. I dont look for your payment for this preaching, my pay is nothing but from God, Master of all universe. Be accurate when you measure and don't you become lossy people. Weigh with precised weighing. Don't harm others rights and don't do evil things and make any destruction on earth. " (Qs.26 (As-Shuarraa): 177-183)

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Chapter II
EXPLANATION

A. Definition
Islamic economics refers to the body of Islamic studies literature that "identifies and promotes an economic order that conforms to Islamic scripture and traditions," and the economic world is an interest-free Islamic banking system, grounded to Sharia's condemnation of interest (riba). The literature has been developed since the late 1940s, and especially since the mid-1960s. The banking system developed during the 1970s. The central features of Islamic economic literature have been summarized as the following: "behavioral norms" derived from the Holy Quran and Sunna, zakat tax (alms giving) as the basis of Islamic fiscal policy, and prohibition of interest. In Shia, some scholars--such as Mahmoud Taleghani and Mohammad Baqir alSadr--have developed an "Islamic economics" emphasizing the uplifting of the deprived masses. "Islamic economics" a major role for the state in matters such as circulation and equitable distribution of wealth, reward to participants in the marketplace for being exposed to risk, and liability. Islamist movements and authors generally describe an Islamic economic system as neither Socialist nor Capitalist, but as a "third way" with none of the drawbacks of the other two systems. Islamic Economic (Syariah) definition according to Economists: Muhammad Abdul Mannan: " Economic System of Islam represents social sciences in studying the problem of peoples economy based on Islam values .

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M.M Metwally " Islamic Economics can be defined as a science studying moslem behavior (religious) in Islam society following Al Quran, Hadith, Ijma and Qiyas .

B. The History of Islam Economics System


The destruction of economic system and communism of socialist in the early 90s make capitalist system exalted as the single valid economic system. But in the reality, economic system of capitalist brings negative impacts and is getting worse time to time, because many impecunious state getting more impecunious and rich state which are not many get richer progressively. Equally, capitalists fail to improve standing live throng especially in nations expand. Even according to Joseph E. Stiglitz (2006,) economic failure of America in 90th decade is caused by the greeds in this capitalism. The unsuccessfulness of the existing economic system is caused by each economic system has larger insufficiencies or weaknesses than each excesses. The insufficiencies of each economic system are the uppermost compared to its excess. Because its weaknesses or its insufficiencies is uppermost compared to its benefits, this condition emerges new idea about economic system especially among moslem nation or nations which is its major resident believe in Islam that is economic system of Moslem law. Nations which is its Moslem residents are major try to realize an economic system which relied on Al-Quran and Hadith, that is economic system of Islam which have brought successfully moslem people in Rasulullah epoch to improve economics in Arab. Relying on Al-Quran and the Hadith, lately, is developed by Economic Moslem law and Economic System of Moslem law in many Islam state, including Indonesia. Economic System of Islam represents materials in Islam paradigm. Islamic Economic expansion doesnt compete with economic system of capitalist of socialist, but uses each systems benefits make a balance between them, which each system represents a realm of two realms life and afterlife. Islam is made to arrange humans life, fir human to utilize life securely, and provide bliss of human being in the world (life) and in eternity (afterlife) as the highest economic value.
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The word people, here, is not only Moslem, but entire/all existed people on earth. Life isnt only about fulfilling needs of this life, but also to prepare our life afterlife in eternity. So, they have to be balanced, life and eternity needs.

C. Economic Principles
Economic principle is contrived by the step of human being with certain sacrifice to obtain their needs, to get maximum result. Economic principles is various. There are capitalists, communists, socialists, and Muslims, they are different to each other. Economic System of Capitalist Capitalist Economic principle is - Freedom in owning assets privately - Freedom Economy and competition Economic System of Communist Communist Economic principle is - The ownership of production instrument belongs to the state - Economic process runs based on the plan which have been made - Economic planning as the plan for the economy process that will be passed. Economic System of Socialist Economic principle Socialist is - The ownership of production instrument belongs the trade union cooperations, legal bodyand other society. The government master vital product appliance. - Economic process run on the basis of market mechanism

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- Economic planning as impeller and influence with effort accomodate individual requirement with requirement of society. Economic System of Moslems Islamic Economic system has a different element with other economic system, that in economic system of Islam there are moral value and religious service value in its each; every activity. Economic principle Islam is - Individual freedom, - Rights to take ownership, - Economic difference in limitation. - Social equality - Social Safety - Prohibition of property heaping - Prohibition of anti-sosial institution - Individual benefaction in society

Indonesia have economic system by xself, that is democratic economic system, principal of its base is contained in UUD'45 section 33. Three Elementary Principle concerned in Islamic economics according to Islams Laws. Tawhid, this principal states that Allah SWT is The Only Owner and power of all universe. Khilafah, state that every human being is Allahs delegate, or in other word, khalifah in the world, whom awarded a set of spiritual potency and equipment of resources items that can be used in order to lead them to
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Allahs blessing, and who represent parts of the integral purpose of Moslem law (as-syariah maqasid). Consequently, this principle claims that representing trust from Allah have to be used to reflect the target of Moslem law, like the accomplishment of needs (need fullfillment), esteeming the source of earnings (earnings resource respecting), earnings distribution and wealth proration (equitable wealth and income distribution) and also growth and stability (stability and growth).

D. Economic Bases of Islam


Bases of Islamic economics are: 1) Aimed to reach prosperous society in life ad or afterlife, to reach optimal satisfaction of various needs physically and or spiritually well-balanced, for individual and or public. Accordingly, the reaching utensils optimally reached without any inefficiency and or spoiling natural conservation. 2) The individual relative ownership admitted as an effort. Work for and utilize it righteously. 3) Prohibition, of assets heaping and property neglecting. 4) There are the poors rights (allotment) in every ones wealth. Accordingly they have to be given a livelihood, righteously distributed. 5) At certain boundary, the relative property will be imposed alms giving. 6) Trading is allowed, yet, loan sharking is prohibited. 7) No difference of clan and tribe in job cooperating, the distinguishing factor is work achievement. The Basic value substrata of Islamic Economic 1) The essence of ownership is benefit, not domination. 2) Balance in human beings facets. 3) Justice among human beings. Instrumental value of economic system of Islam 1) Obligation of alms giving.
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2) Prohibition of loan sharking. 3) Economic cooperation. 4) Social warranty. 5) State contribution. Philosophic Value of Islamic Economic 1) Islamic Economic is based on the values 2) Islamic Economic is dynamic, it means its research and development run contantly. Economic Normatif system value of Islam 1) Basis of aqidah 2) Basisofr akhlaq 3) Basis of syari'ah 4) Al-Qur'Anul Karim 5) Ijtihad ( Ra'Yu), covering qiyas, problem of mursalah, istihsan, istishab, and urf.

Chapter III
SUMMARY
Economics, as one of Perekonomian sebagai salah satu sendi kehidupan yang penting bagi manusia, oleh al-Qur'an telah diatur sedemikian rupa. Riba secara tegas telah dilarang karena merupakan salah satu sumber labilitas perekonomian dunia. Al-Qur'an menggambarkannya sebagai orang yang tidak dapat berdiri tegak melainkan secara limbung bagai orang yang kemasukan syaithan.

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Hal terpenting dari semua itu adalah bahwa kita harus dapat mengembalikan fungsi asli uang yaitu sebagai alat tukar / jual-beli. Memperlakukan uang sebagai komoditi dengan cara memungut bunga adalah sebuah dosa besar, dan orang-orang yang tetap mengambil riba setelah tiba larangan Allah, diancam akan dimasukkan ke neraka (Qs.al-Baqarah:275). Berdirinya Bank Muamalat Indonesia merupakan salah satu contoh tantangan untuk membuktikan suatu pendapat bahwa konsepsi Islam dalam bidang moneter dapat menjadi konsep alternati Ekonomi dalam Islam adalah ilmu yang mempelajari segala prilaku manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan tujuan memperoleh falah (kedamaian & kesejahteraan dunia-akhirat). Kata Islam setelah Ekonomi dalam ungkapan Ekonomi Islam berfungsi sebagai identitas tanpa mempengaruhi makna atau definisi ekonomi itu sendiri. Karena definisinya lebih ditentukan oleh perspektif atau lebih tepat lagi worldview yang digunakan sebagai landasan nilai. Pada tingkat tertentu isu definisi Ekonomi Islam sangat terkait sekali dengan wacana Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan (Islamization of Knowledge) Science dalam Islam lebih dimaknakan sebagai segala pengetahuan yang terbukti kebenarannya secara ilmiah yang mampu mendekatkan manusia kepada Allah SWT (revelation standard kebenaran absolut). Sedangkan Science dikenal luas dalam dunia konvensional adalah segala ilmu yang memenuhi kaidah-kaidah metode ilmiah (human creation kebenaran relatif).

Prilaku manusia disini berkaitan dengan landasan-landasan syariat sebagai rujukan berprilaku dan kecenderungan-kecenderungan dari fitrah manusia. Dan dalam ekonomi Islam, kedua hal tersebut berinteraksi dengan porsinya masingmasing hingga terbentuklah sebuah mekanisme ekonomi yang khas dengan dasardasar nilai Ilahiyah.

Islamic Economic Article

UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG 2011

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