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TITLE :

BENDING IN BEAM

Abstract
.
From this bending in beam experiment, if a beam is support at two points, and a load is
applied anywhere on the beam, the results deformation can be mathematically estimated. Due
to improper experimental setup, the actual results experienced varied substantially when
compared against the theoretical values. The following procedures explain how the theoretical
and actual values were determined, as well as suggestions for improving upon experiment. The
percent error was quite big, around 35%-70%, for location close to supports. As much as 70%
error was experienced when analyzing positions closer to the center of the beam.

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Table of Content

Abstract...................................................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................... 2
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. 3
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 3
List of Graphs ............................................................................................................................ 3
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4
Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 4
Background/Theory .................................................................................................................... 5
Apparatus .................................................................................................................................. 7
Procedures ................................................................................................................................ 8
Results .........................................................................................................................................
Discussions ..................................................................................................................................
Conclusions .................................................................................................................................
References ..................................................................................................................................

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List of Tables

Table 1 :

page

List of Figures

Figure 1 :

Experiment bending in beam

page 4

Figure 2 :

Beam - Mild Steel, Aluminum and Brass

page 7

Figure 3 :

Dial Gauge

page 7

Figure 4 :

Loads

page 7

Figure 5 :

Hanger

page 7

Figure 6 :

Steel Ruler

page 7

Figure 7 :

Vernier Caliper

page 7

List of Graphs

Graph 1 :

Example of Graph W against y

page 6

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Introduction

Bending in beam test is a fundamental materials science test that use to determine the
deflection and elastic modulus (E) when it is subjected to a load. The deflection of a beam must
often be limited in order to provide integrity and stability of a structure and prevent the cracking
of any attached brittle materials. This

experiment involves the bending of an mild steel,

aluminum and brass beam. Measurements are made of the deflection. The student is exposed
to measurement techniques, data acquisition, and analysis.The experimental results are also
compared with theory.

Objectives

To determine the elastic modulus (E) of beam specimen by method of deflection.

Figure 1 : Experiment of bending in beam

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Background/Theory

When the internal moment, M deforms the element of the beam, the angle between the
cross sections will exist. The arc represents a portion of the elastic curve that intersects the
neutral axis for each cross section. The radius of curvature for this arc is defined as the
distance, R which is measured from the center of curvature. This can be determine using the
equation

R2 = ( R-y ) + ( L )
5
2
R = R - 2Ry + y + L
s
Therefore:

2Ry = L
4

R = L
s
8y

From the Hookes Law, we can apply the equation

= / E -------------- (i)

The we apply the flexure formula

= - My / I------------ (ii)

After we substitute or combine the equation (ii) into (i), we can get the equation
=

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As we know, moment,

M = W(x)

Moment of Inertia,
s

I = bh3
12

Therefore :
s

E( 8y) = W (x)
L
I

(E.I.8)y = W
L2 (x)

From graph W against y, we can get the type of graph is

Graph 1 : Example of Graph W against y

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Apparatus

Figure 2 : Beam - Mild Steel, Aluminum,

Brass

Figure 3 : Dial Gauge

Figure 4 : Loads

Figure 5 : Hanger

Figure 6 : Steel Ruler

Figure 7 : Vernier Caliper

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Procedure

1. The length, thickness and width of specimen Mild Steel has to be measure before start
the experiment.
2. Mark the distance between the beginning of the specimen and point A. The distance
from point B to the end of the specimen has to be mark as well.
3. Put the hanger on the beam. The distance from the hanger to the marking point must be
in 15cm length.
4. Center of the dial gauge must be touch the center of the specimen. After the value of the
gauge appear, set the gauge to the zero.
5. The loads have to install to the hanger. Every load is added 2N on each side.
(Make sure the loads are not swing or move)
6. The value that appears at the dial gauge must be taking. The value appear is the
deflection of the beam.
7. Loads are added by increment of 2N per side until 16N per side. The value at the dial
gauge must be taking.
8. Step 1 to 7 must have to be repeat with specimen Aluminium and follow by Brass.
9. Then, the graph of weight, W against deflection, y was plotted. The elastic modulus, E of
every specimen can be determined from the graph.

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References

1. Mechanics of Material Eighth Edition in SI Units,R.C Hibbeler

2. http://www.scribd.com/doc/136561/Mechanics-of-Materials-Beam-Deflection-Test
3. http://www.oppapers.com/subjects/lab-report-bending-moment-in-a-simply-supported-beampage1.html
4. http://www.ejsong.com/MDME/MEMmods/MEM23061A/Bending/Bending.html