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1-(J'
Fatty acid
0.0-0.1
7.5-20.0
0.3-3.5
0.0-0.5
0.0-0.6
0.5-5.0
55.0-83.0
3.5-21.0
0.0-1.5
0.0-0.8
C 14:0
C 16:0
C 16:1
C 17:0
C 17:1
C 18:0
C 18:1
C 18:2
C 18:3
C 20:0
C 20:1
C 22:0
C 24:0
Myristic
Palmitic
Palmitoleic
Heptadecanoic
Heptadecenoic
Stearic
Oleic
I_inoleic
linolenic
Arachidic
Eicosenoic
Behenic
lignoceric
nonspecified
0.0-0.2
0.0-1.0
6010
graso
Aceite
de oliva"
C14:0
C16:0
C16:1
C17:0
C17:1
C18:0
C18:1
C18:2
C18:3
C20:0
C20:1
C22:0
C24:0
~Q.2
7,5-20,0
0,3-3,5
~Q.3
~O,3
0,5-5,0
55,0-83,0
3,5-21,0
~ 0,9
~ 0,6
$0,4
S 0,2'
s: 0.2
Acido
Canola
Coco
0,1-0,2
3,0-5,0
0,2-0.6
16,5-20,8
8,2-10,2
AIgod6n
0-0,3
9,1-16,8
0-0,3
2,3-3,4
4,3-13,1
0,7-2,0
O-ir
0,1
O-ir
1,0-2,0
52,0-67,0
16,0-24,8
6,5-14,0
0,2-0,8
0,9-2,4
0,1-0,5
0-0,2
1,4-3,0
20,0-38,0
39,5-65,0
0,6-1,4
0,3-0,7
0.2-0,4
0-0,5
0-0,3
Girasol
0,6-1,0
21,0..26,8
0-1,3
0-0,1
5.5-7.7
0-0.3
2,0-3,3
14,5-22,0
46,5-58,0
0-0,4
0,2-0,5
0-0,1
0-0,6
2,8-6,5
14,0-38.0
48,2-74,2
0-0,1
0,2-0,4
0-0,2
0,7-1,3
0-0,4
Tabla 10.14.
Concentraci6n media de algunos acidos grasos. fitol. eritrodiol, total de esteroles, alcoholes y metil-esteroles
varios aceites de oliva virgenes europeos moflo-varietal~s
Variedades oleicolas
pI
13,1
9,7
8,4
ArbeQuina
Coratina
Cornicabra
Farga
Frantoio
Hojiblanca
Imperial
Koroneiki
Leccino
Lechfn
Moraiolo
Morrut
Nevadillo
Picual
Redondilla
Sevillenca
Verdial de Huevar
9.4
9.5
9.0
9.7
13,3
14,2
10,5
10.5
1.6
11,0
9,9
12,5
11,1
9,0
8'
2.1
3.2
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.3
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.4
2.2
2.0
3.0
3,2
1.7
1.7
2.2
L1
Ln1
PH2
ER2
ST2
MST2
AA2
TA2
8.5
7.5
7.0
8.6
7.4
9.5
4.6
8,8
7,7
13,9
7,5
13,7
7,3
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,9
0,7
0,8
1,1
0,6
0,1
0,7
6,7
1,1
1,0
0,8
564,6
81,4
237,2
97.0
192,3
44,9
90,7
147,2
177,6
108,1
101,2
113,4
50,1
24,5
118.6
215,0
'228,7
22.6
26.2
45,5
43.1
26.2
29.6
29.S
44.9
1S,9
26.6
26.1
47.2
30,7
1S.5
37.2
32.1
69.1
1.432,6
1.192,3
1.519,3
1:551,6
1.325,3
1.946,2
1.481,0
1.965,2
1.271,5
1.806,9
1.184,7
1.463,7
1.596,1
~.310,2
2.032,3
2.002,3
1.606,3
154,7
204.9
65.0
181,0
360.6
177.2
175.8
188.3
249.3
121,6
135,9
134.3
135,8
205.1
227.1
121.4
69.3
162.4
1.2471
712:
715"
M1,C
872,:
1.146.:
945,;
593,[
1.071.::
734,7
836.':
639,1:
1.069./
1.162,1
1.066,(
998,~
878.~
0'
75.3
76.9
78.7
71.7
78.2
75.2
80.1
71.9
17,7
10,8
71,1
13.0
75,3
77,8
68,3
66,5
66,7
5,0
14,1
17,1
8,4
152,4
177,1
245,3
260,5
180,6
117,4
327,4
148,3
120,3
186,1
160,1
387,4
300,3
337,4
NOTA:LoS contenidos en compuestos qufmicos vienen en ppm, excepto los acidos grasos que se dan en porcentajes.
Concentraci6n: en %; 2 en mg/kg.
Componentes
'
qufmicos:
tal de esteroles;
P, acido palmftico:
MST, contenido
total d~etil-esteroles:
AA, contenido
total de alcoholes
alilaticos;
T~
ESTE ROLES"
I>'L
ACGfTE
bE OLIVA
Cholesterol. J1-5-cholesten-3(3-ol
Brassicasterol, (24S)-24-methylA-5, 22-cholestadien-3/3-ol
R
00#
24-methylene-cholesterol, 24-methylene
,i-5, 24-cholesten-3~-ol
(~~'tc~
HO.-(:t).)-J
;
Ca mpest erol,
Campestanol, (24R)-24-methyl-cholestan-3/3-o1
Stigmasterol, (24R)-24-methyl-t.-5,22cholestadien-313-ol
6-7-campesterol, (24R)-24-methyl-67.
cholesten-313-ol
~-5, 23-stigmastadienol, (24R, S)-24-ethyl-~-5, 23cholestadien-3j3-ol
Chlerosterol, (24S)-24-ethyl-~-5,25-cholestadien-313-ol
j3-sitoste rol,
(24 R) -2 4-ethyl-
Sitostanol, (24R)-24-ethyl-cholestan-313-ol
il-5-avenasterol, (24Z)-24-ethylidene5-cholesten-3j3-ol
~-5, 24-stigmastadienol, (24R, S)-24-ethyl~-5, 24-cholestadien-3!3-ol
\-7-stigmastenol, (24R, S)-24-ethyl\-7-cholesten-3fJ-ol
~-7-avenasterol.(24Z)-24-ethylidene~-7-cholesten-313-ol
Fi~ure3.4.
.#
~
#"
R
.#
1- (::Z)
~~
CH3
*~I
H3C
HO
CH3
HO,
ot-
(CH2CH2CH26H)3-CH3
CH3
CH3
HO'*t~~I
H3C~
CH3
CH3
I
0
(CH2CH2CH2CH)3-CH3
CH3
7, 8 Dimethyl-tocol
y-Tocopherol
5, 7. 8 Trimethyl-tocol
(X-Tocopherol
CH3
:::;.--
.
0
CH3
I
(CH2CH2CH2CH)3-CH3
HO
"('111Y1:
CH3 CHa
5, 8 Dimethyl-tocol
13Tocopherol
3.2.
CH3
CH3CH3
8 Methyl-tocol
~-Tocopherol
(present only in traces 0.5-2 ppm)
,.,
(CH2CH2CH2CH)3-CH3
~/-
HO/
(1j.)
HO/
butyrospermol
)..
HO/
cycloartenol
Figure
3.7.
24-methylenecycloartanol
/j( ~~~~-""("~(~
,
0H
I
I~~~~~~~~~
C)-~~-~.~.~""--::::::r"',;:::;:.~r~~"JI)
/
HO
Beta-carotene
X ..,.:::,..
UO""'"
Lutein
/OH HY'tH
..,.:::,..
1."
,...,.",...,."T..,.:::,..
,...,. "T Q
,...,. X
HO
Violaxanthin
Figure 3.11
OH
.,::::-//-l/~~..,-l./~/~~/~r~~~:::
r
Neoxanthin
~l-
)lJC>A~Bu.~OS
~ ~
5)
-""'~/~'
-'~r/"v""""'::::::,,('
Escualeno (forma taquigrafica)
~~
=}
<
>
;~/l./
~.//~T""~./
"::::::::r""~""
p-Caroteno
of:
u
'Vl
fJ-caroteno
i'
u
'V\.,
'i:
~"~//\(/~.I.I~
'i:
u
'i:
u
:l
u
"V"':-u
:l
:l
u
'i:
u
Espiriloxantina
FO5FO.LJ
l>IDo5
x
I
0
CH
: 2-O-C-RII
Ro-C-OII
:
C
:
:
I
0
I
-H
'CH,- !..CH--2CH.
I
I
OH
CH2-0-~-O-X
0
Estructura general de los fosfogliceridos
La porci6n X es aportada par un alcohol
Fosfatidiletanol~illla
Fosfatidilcolina
('~~H/.I"'/f
J.~C'TI"'"
Fosfatidilserina
Cabeza
polar
I
o=p-o-
Fosfatidilinositol
I
C=O
I
I
C=o
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH,
I
CH.
I
CH.
I
CH.
I
CH.
I
CH.
I
CH.
I
CH3
CHI
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CH
~H
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CH.
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CHI
I
CH3
1
1
Colas no
po)ares
Cl.O ~Of//..ftS
~~~
I-i,C=CH
C~
1
l
1i r
I" N,
~C
8 IV
N"
N'-
~
)~CII,
yHt
CHt
O=C
.
I
I
CH2
CH
II
C-CH3
CHt
I
Cadena
!ateral
de lito!
CH2
I
CHt
I
HC-CH3
I
CH,
I
CHt
I
CHt
I
HC-CH3
I
CH,
I
Y"'
CHt
I
HC-~
I
CH2
I
CH2
I
Y"'
HC-C~
I
C~
'
C~CH3 0
1- (6)
~ J-(1
R,
oleuropefna
demetiloleuropefna
ligustr6sido
R2
Me
H
Me
OH
OH
H
HOyy
HO~
~OH
~OH
Figura 12.5. Componentesfen6licos mayoritariosen la aceituna.
-,;,
:::
Alcohol 4-hidroxifenetflico
(tirosol, TV)
'I
HOV
HO
Alcohol 3,4-hidroxifenetflico
(hidroxitirosol, HYTY)
OH
HO
-tJ
"I
OH
o~
A~yO
Acido elen61ico
OH
HO
>'=\.
Acido 3,4,5-trihidroxibenzoico
(Acido galico )
HO
HO
Acidol 3,4-dihidroxibenzoico
(Acido protocateuico)
Acido p-hidroxibenzoico
HO --'(:~:::::::~> COOH
Cil~,
""c.
Acido o-hidroxicinamico
(Acido o-cumarico)
Acido 3,4-dihidroxicinamico
(Acido cafeico)
Acido 4-hidroxi-3,S-dimetoxicinamico
(Acido sinapico)
Aglucona de la oleuropeina
aglucona
OHC
Figura
12.6.
(Continuacion).
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0 ~ III III'.
,. -(1)
~~(1)
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