Matrices

GROUP (A)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

Q-1) If
2 1 3
1 0 1
1 1 1
A
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
= == =
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

then reduce it to I
3
by
using transformations.
Ans.
2 1 3
1 0 1
1 1 1
A
(
(
=
(
(

= 2 (0 1) 1 (1 1) + 3 (1 0)
= 2 0 + 3 = 1 0
A is a non-singular matrix.
Hence, the required transformation is
possible.
Now.
2 1 3
1 0 1
1 1 1
A
(
(
=
(
(

By R
1
R
2
1 1 2
1 0 1
1 1 1
A
(
(
(
(

By R
2
R
1
and R
3
R
1
1 1 2
0 1 1
0 0 1
A
(
(

(
(

By ( 1) R
2
and ( 1)R
3
1 1 2
0 1 1
0 0 1
A
(
(
(
(

By R
1
R
2
1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 1
A
(
(
(
(

By R
1
R
3
and R
2
R
3
3
1 0 0
0 1 0 .
0 0 1
A I
(
(
=
(
(

Q-2) Find inverse of

2 3
5 7
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

Ans. Let A =
2 3
5 7
(
(

2 3
5 7
A =
= 14 15 = 1 0
A
1
exists.
We write AA
1
= I

1
2 3 1 0
5 7 0 1
A

( (
=
( (

By 3R
1

1
6 9 3 0
5 7 0 1
A

( (
=
( (

By R
1
R
2

1
1 2 3 1
5 7 0 1
A

( (
=
( (

By R
2
5R
1

1
1 2 3 1
0 3 15 6
A

( (
=
( (


By
1
3
| |

|
\
R
2

1
1 2 3 1
0 1 5 2
A

( (
=
( (

By R
1
2R
2

1
1 0 7 3
0 1 5 2
A

( (
=
( (

A
1
=
7 3
5 2
(
(

Matrices
2 Mahesh Tutorials Science
Q-3) If A =
2 3
,
1 2
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

B =
3 1
.
1 0
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

Find (AB)
1
Ans. AB =
2 3 3 1
1 2 1 0
( (
( (

AB =
6 3 2 0
3 2 1 0
+ + (
(
+ +

AB =
9 2
5 1
(
(

9 2
5 1
AB =
= 9 10 = 1
0 AB
( )
1
. AB exists

we write as
( ) ( )
1
AB AB

= I
( )
1
9 2 1 0
5 1 0 1
AB

(
=
(

Using
1
1
9
R
( )
1
1 2/9 1/9 0
5 1 0 1
AB

( (
=
( (

Using
2 1
5 R R
( )
1
1 2/9 1/9 0
0 1/9 5/9 1
AB

( (
=
( (


Using
2
9R
( )
1
1 2/9 1/9 0
0 1 5 9
AB

( (
=
( (

Using
1 1 2
9
2
R R R
( )
1
9
9 1 0
2
0 1
5 9
AB

(
(
= (
(
(

( )
1
9
9
2
5 9
AB

(
= (
(

Q-4) Find the inverse of the matrix
1 2 3
1 1 5
2 4 7
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

Ans. Let A =
1 2 3
1 1 5
2 4 7
(
(
(
(

1 2 3
1 1 5
2 4 7
A
(
(
=
(
(

= 1(7 20) 2(7 10) + 3 (4 2)
A = 1 (-13) 2 ( 3) + 3 (2)
= 13 + 6 + 6
A = 1
A =
Matrix A is non-singular.
1
. A is exist

1
AA I

=
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
1 1 5 0 1 0
2 4 7 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
2 2 1
R R R
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 2 1 1 0
2 4 7 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
3 3 1
2 R R R
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 2 1 1 0
0 0 1 2 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
2 2
1 R R
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 2 1 1 0
0 0 1 2 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
1 1 2
2 R R R
1
1 0 7 1 2 0
0 1 2 1 1 0
0 0 1 2 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Matrices
Mahesh Tutorials Science 3
1 1 3
7 R R R
1
1 0 0 13 2 7
0 1 2 1 1 0
0 0 1 2 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1
13 2 7
3 1 2
2 0 1
I A

(
(
=
(
(

1
13 2 7
3 1 2
2 0 1
A

(
(
=
(
(

Q-5) Find the inverse of
1 2 3
2 4 5
3 5 6
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

Ans. Let A =
1 2 3
2 4 5
3 5 6
(
(
(
(

1 2 3
2 4 5
3 5 6
A =
= 1(24 25) 2(12 15) + 3(10 12)
= 1 (1) 2 ( 3) + 3 (2)
= 1 + 6 6
= -1 0
1
A

is exist.
1
AA I

=
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
2 4 5 0 1 0
3 5 6 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
2 2 1
2 R R R
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 0 1 2 1 0
3 5 6 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
3 3 1
3 R R R
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 0 1 2 1 0
0 1 3 3 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
2 2 3
R R R
1
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 2 1 1 1
0 1 3 3 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
1 1 2 3 3 2
2 & R R R R R R +
1
1 0 1 1 2 2
0 1 2 1 1 1
0 0 1 2 1 0
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
3 3
1 R R
1 0 1
0 1 2
0 0 1
(
(
(
(

1
1 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 0
A

(
(
=
(
(

Using
1 1 3
R R R +
1
1 0 0 1 3 2
0 1 2 1 1 1
0 0 1 2 1 0
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Using
2 2 3
2 R R R
1
1 0 0 1 3 2
0 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 2 1 0
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1
1 3 2
1 1 1
2 1 0
I A

(
(
=
(
(

1
1 3 2
1 1 1
2 1 0
A

(
(
=
(
(

Q-6) Find the inverse of
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1


( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

Ans.
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1
A


(
(
=
(
( +

2 2
cos sin = +
1 =
1
A

exists
1
. A A I

=
Matrices
4 Mahesh Tutorials Science
1
cos sin 0 1 0 0
sin cos 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( ( +

1 1
cos R R
2 2
sin R R
2
2 1
cos sin cos 0
sin sin cos 0
0 0 1
A

(
(
(
+
(

cos 0 0
0 sin 0
0 0 1

(
(
=
(
(

1 1 2
R R R +
2 1
1 0 0
sin sin cos 0
0 0 1
A

(
(
(
(
+

cos sin 0
0 sin 0
0 0 1

(
(
=
(
(

2
2 2 1
sin R R R
1 0 0
0 sin cos 0
0 0 1

(
(
(
( +

1 2 3
cos sin 0
sin cos sin sin 0
0 0 1
A

(
(
=
(
(

2 2
/sin cos R R
1
1 0 0 cos sin 0
0 1 0 sin cos 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( ( +

1
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1
IA

(
(
=
(
(

-1
cos sin
sin cos
0 0 1
a
A a


(
(
=
(
(

Q-7) Find X such that AX = B where
1 2 0 1
&
1 3 2 4
A B
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
= = = = = = = =
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (


Ans. AX = B
1 2 0 1
1 3 2 4
X
( (
=
( (

By R
2
+ R
1,
1 2 0 1
0 5 2 5
X
( (
=
( (

By
2
0 1
1 2 1
,
2
0 1 5 1
5
R X
(
( | |
(
=
| (
(
\
(

By R
1
2R
2,
4
1
1 0
5
0 1 2
1
5
X
(

(
(
= (
(
(
(

4
1
5
2
1
5
X
(

(
= (
(
(

Q-8) Find X In
1 0 1 1 2 2
2 1 4 3 4 3
1 0 2 3 4 1
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
= = = =
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Ans.
1 0 1 1 2 2
2 1 4 = 3 4 3
1 0 2 3 4 1
( (
( (

( (
( (

2 1 3 1
R 2R & R R
1 0 1 1 2 2
0 1 2 X 1 0 1
0 0 1 2 2 1
+ +
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

( )
2
1
1 0 1 1 2 2
0 1 2 X 1 0 1
0 0 1 2 2 1
R
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

2 3 1 3
R 2R &R R
1 0 0 1 0 3
0 1 0 X 3 4 1
0 0 1 2 2 1
+ +
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

Matrices
Mahesh Tutorials Science 5
1 0 3
X 3 4 1
2 2 1
(
(
=
(
(

Q-9) Find the inverse of
7 6 2
18 16 5
10 9 3
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
( ( ( (

by column transformation.
Ans.
7 6 2
A 18 16 5
10 9 3
(
(
=
(
(

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
-1
-1
7 48 45 6 54 50
2 162 160
7 3 6 4 2 2
21 20 4
5 0
A is exist.
A .A I
= + +
+
= +
= +
=

=
1
7 6 2 1 0 0
A 18 16 5 0 1 0
10 9 3 0 0 1
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1 1 2
1
C C C
1 6 2 1 0 0
A 2 16 5 1 1 0
1 9 3 0 0 1
+
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

2 2 1 3 3 1
1
C C 6C &C C 2C
1 0 0 1 6 2
A 2 4 1 1 7 2
1 3 1 0 0 1
+ +
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

2 3
1
C 3C
1 0 0 1 0 2
A 2 1 1 1 1 2
1 0 1 0 3 1

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1 2 3 2
1
C 2C & C C
1 0 0 1 0 2
A 0 1 0 3 1 1
1 0 1 6 3 4
+
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1
1
C C3
1 0 0 3 0 2
A 0 1 0 4 1 1
0 0 1 2 3 4
+
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1
3 0 2
A 4 1 1
2 3 4
(
(
=
(
(

Q-10) If
5 2 0 1
A B
1 6 0 1
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
= = = = = = = =
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (


then find X & Y
such that XA = B, AY = B.
Ans. ( ) i XA B =
1 2
5 2 0 1
1 6 0 1
2
1 2 2 1
13 6 2 1
X
C C
X
( (
=
( (

( (
=
( (


2 1
2
1 0 2 5
13 32 2 5
C C
X

( (
=
( (


2
32
5
2
1 0
32
13 1 5
2
32
C
X

(
(
=
(
(

1 2
13
1
5
32 1 0
32
0 1 1
5
32
32
C C
X
+
(
(
(
= (
(
(
(

1 5 1
1 5 32
X
(
=
(

Matrices
6 Mahesh Tutorials Science
( )
1 2
ii AY B
5 2 0 1
Y
1 6 0 1
R 4R
1 26 0 5
Y
1 6 0 1
=
( (
=
( (

+
( (
=
( (

2 1
2
R R
1 26 0 5
Y
0 32 0 6
R 32
0 5
1 26
Y
3
0 1 0
16
+
( (
=
( (

(
(
(
=
(
(

(

1 2
R 26R
2
0
16
I. Y
3
0
16
0 2 1
Y
0 3 16

(
(
=
(

(
=
(

Q-11) Show that the matrix
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 2 1
A
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
= == =
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

satisfies the equation
A
2
4A 5I = O. Hence find A
1
Ans.
2
1 2 2 1 2 2
. 2 1 2 2 1 2
2 2 1 2 2 1
A A A
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

9 8 8
8 9 8
8 8 9
(
(
=
(
(

1 2 2 4 8 8
4 4 2 1 2 8 4 8
2 2 1 8 8 4
A
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

1 0 0 5 0 0
5 5 0 1 0 0 5 0
0 0 1 0 0 5
I
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

LHS =
2
4 5 A A I =
9 8 8 4 8 8 5 0 0
8 9 8 8 4 8 0 5 0
8 8 9 8 8 4 0 0 5
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
(
(
= =
(
(

= RHS
2
4 5 0 A A I =
premultiply A
1
no both sides
( )
1 2 1
4 5 0 A A A I A

=
1 1 1
. 4 5 0 A A A A A A I

=
1
. 4 5 0 I A I A

=
1
4 5 A I A

=
( )
1
1
4
5
A A I

=
1 2 2 1 0 0
1
2 1 2 4 0 1 0
5
2 2 1 0 0 1
( (

( (
=
`
( (

( (
)
1 2 2 4 0 0
1
2 1 2 0 4 0
5
2 2 1 0 0 4
( (
( (
=
`
( (

( (
)
1
3 2 2
1
2 3 2
5
2 2 3
A

(
(
=
(
(

Matrices
Mahesh Tutorials Science 7
GROUP (B)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1) Find the inverse of
2 6
7 20
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

by adjoint
Method
Ans. Let
2 6
7 20
A
(
=
(

2 6
A
7 20
(
=
(

( ) ( ) 2 20 7 6 =
40 42 =
2 0 =
1
A exists

11
20 A =
12
7 A =
21
6 A =
22
2 A =
Adj
11 21
12 22
A A
A A
A
(
=
(


20 6
7 2
(
=
(

1
20 6 adj A 1
7 2 A 2
A

(
= =
(

Q-2) Find the adjoint of
1 4 2
2 5 4
1 2 1
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
( ( ( (

Ans. Let
1 4 2
2 5 4
1 2 1
A
(
(
=
(
(

1 4 2
2 5 4 9
1 2 1
A

= =

Co-factors are
11
5 4
3
4 1
A

= + =

12
2 4
6
1 1
A

= =
13
2 5
9
1 2
A

= + =

21
4 2
0
2 1
A

= =

22
1 2
3
1 1
A

= + =
23
1 4
6
1 2
A = =

31
4 2
6
5 4
A

= + =

32
1 2
0
2 4
A

= =

33
1 4
3
2 5
A = + =

11 21 31
12 22 32
13 23 33
A A A
adj A A A A
A A A
(
(
(
(

3 0 6
6 3 0
9 6 3
adj B
(
(
(
(

1
1
adj A A
A

=
3 0 6
1
6 3 0
9
9 6 3
(
(
=
(
(

Q-3) Find invers of
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1


( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

by adjoint
Method
Ans. Let
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1
A


(
(
=
(
(

Matrices
8 Mahesh Tutorials Science
cos sin 0
sin cos 0 1
0 0 1
A

= =
Co-factors are
11
cos 0
cos
0 1
A

= =
12
sin 0
sin
0 1
A

= =
13
sin cos
0
0 1
A

= =
21
sin 0
sin
0 1
A

= =
22
cos 0
cos
0 1
A

= =
23
cos sin
0
0 0
A

= =
31
sin 0
0
cos 0
A

= =
32
cos 0
0
sin 0
A

= =
33
cos sin
1
sin cos
A

= =
11 21 31
12 22 32
13 23 33
A A A
adj A A A A
A A A
(
(
=
(
(

cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1


(
(
=
(
(

1
1
A adj A
A

=
1
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1
A

(
(
=
(
(

Q-4) If
1 1 2
3 0 2
1 0 3
A
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
= = = =
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

verify that A (adj A) =
(adj A) A = A I
Ans.
1 1 2
3 0 2
1 0 3
A
(
(
=
(
(

1 1 2
3 0 2
1 0 3
A
(
(
=
(
(

= 1 (0 + 0) + 1(9 + 2) + 2(0 0)
= 0 + 11 + 0 = 11
First we have to find the cofactor matrix
=
3 3'
ij
A

(

where A
ij
= (1)
i+j
M
ij
Now, A
11
= (1)
1+1
11
0 2
0 3
M

= 0 + 0 = 0
A
12
= (1)
1+2
12
3 2
1 3
M

=
= (9 + 2) = 11
A
13
= (1)
1+3
13
3 0
0 0 0
1 0
M = = =
A
21
= (1)
2+1
21
1 2
0 3
M

=
= ( 3 0) = 3
A
22
= (1)
2+2
22
1 2
3 2 1
1 3
M = = =
A
23
= (1)
2+3
23
1 1
0 0
M

=
= (0 + 1) = 1
A
31
= (1)
3+1
31
1 2
2 0 2
0 2
M

= = =

A
32
= (1)
3+2
32
1 2
3 2
M =

= ( 2 6) = 8
A
33
= (1)
3+3
33
1 1
0 3 3
0 0
M

= = + =
Matrices
Mahesh Tutorials Science 9
Hence the cofactor matrix
11 12 13
21 22 23
31 32 33
0 11 0
3 1 1
2 8 3
A A A
A A A
A A A
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

0 3 2
11 1 8
0 1 3
adjA
(
(
=
(
(

A (adj A)
=
1 1 2 0 3 2
3 0 2 11 1 8
1 0 3 0 1 3
( (
( (

( (
( (

GROUP (C)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1) Solve by the reduction method.
4 2 3; 2 8;
2 7
x y z x y z
x y z
+ = + = + = + = + = + = + = + =
+ = + = + = + =
Ans. The given equation can be written in the
m a t r i x f o r m AX = B
4 2 1 3
1 2 1 8
2 1 1 7
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

1 2
R R
1 2 1 8
4 2 1 3
2 1 1 7
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

2 2 1
4 R R R and
3 3 1
2 R R R
1 2 1 8
0 10 5 35
0 3 1 9
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

3 3 2
3
10
R R R
1 2 1 8
0 10 5 32
0 0 1 2 3 2
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

1 1 3
9 R R R + and
2 8
10 5 35
1 2 3 2
x y z
y z
z
+ ( (
( (
=
( (
( (

2 8 x y z + = ... (i)
10 5 35 y z = ... (ii)
1 2 3 2 z = ... (iii)
We get, 1; 2; 3 x y z = = =
Q-2) Solve by the reduction
x + y + z = 9
2x + 5y + 7z = 52
2x + y z = 0
Ans.
1 1 1 x 9
2 5 7 y 52
2 1 1 z 0
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

R
2
R
2
2R
1
1 1 1 x 9
0 3 5 y 34
0 1 1 z 0
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

R
3
R
3
2R
1
1 1 1 x 9
0 3 5 y 34
0 1 3 z 18
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

R
3
R
3
+
1
3
R
2
1 1 1 x 9
0 3 5 y 34
4 z 20
0 0
3 3
( (
( (
(
( (
(
=
( (
(
( (
(

( (

Hence x + y + z = 9
3y + 5z = 34

4
3
z =
20
3
z = 5
x = 1, y = 3, z = 5
Matrices
10 Mahesh Tutorials Science
Q-3) Solve by inversion
2 3 2 ; 2 4 5 1
2 5 6 2
x y z x y z
x y z
+ + = + + = + + = + + = + + = + + = + + = + + =
+ + = + + = + + = + + =
Ans.
1 2 3 2
2 4 5 1
2 5 6 2
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

2 1 3 1
R 2R & R 2R
1 2 3 2
0 0 1 3
0 1 0 2
x
y
z

( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

2 3
R R
1 2 3 2
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
x
y
z

( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

2
R 2R
1 0 3 6
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
x
y
z

+ ( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

1 3
R 3R
1 0 0 3
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
x
y
z
+
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

3
R X 1
1 0 0 3
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
x
y
z

( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

3
2
3
x
I y
z
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

3, 2& 3 x y z = = =
Q-4) Solve by inversion
7x 3y 3z = 1
x + y = 0
x + z = 0
Ans.
7 3 3 x 1
1 1 0 y 0
1 0 1 z 0
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

Let, AX = B
7 3 3 x 1
1 1 0 y , 0
1 0 1 z 0
A X B
( ( (
( ( (
= = =
( ( (
( ( (

|A| = 7(1 0) + 3(1 0) 3 (0 + 1)
= 7 3 3
= 1
|A| 0
A
1
is exist
Since, AA
1
= I
1
7 3 3 1 0 0
1 1 0 A 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1
( (
( (
(
=
( (
( (

1
7 3 3 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

R
1
R
1
+ 3R
3
1
4 3 0 1 0 3
1 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
=
( (
( (

R
1
R
1
+ 3R
2
1
1 0 0 1 3 3
1 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
( (
( (

R
2
R
2
+ R
1
1
1 0 0 1 3 3
0 1 0 1 4 3
1 0 1 0 0 1
A

( (
( (
( (
( (

R
3
R
3
+ R
1
1
1 0 0 1 3 3
0 1 0 1 4 3
0 0 1 1 3 4
A

( (
( (
( (
( (

1
1 3 3
1 4 3
1 3 4
A

(
(
(
(

AX = B
A
1
(AX) = A
1
B
X = A
1
B
Matrices
Mahesh Tutorials Science 11
1 3 3 1
1 4 3 0
1 3 4 0
X
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

1
1
1
x
y
z
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

x = 1, y = 1, z = 1
Q-5) The sum of three numbers is 6. If we
multiply third number by 3 and add it to
the second number we get 11.By adding
first and third numbers we get a number
which is double the second number. Use
this formation and find a system of linear
equations Find these three numbers using
matrices.
Ans. Let the three numbers be x,y and z.
x + y + z = 6.
According to the given conditions,
3x + y = 11, i.e., y + 3z = 11
and x + z = 2y, i.e., x 2y + z = 0
Hence, the system of the linear equations is
x + y + z = 6
y + 3z = 11
x 2y + z = 0
These equation can be written in the matrix
form as :
1 1 1 6
0 1 3 11
1 2 1 0
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

By R
3
R
1
,
1 1 1 6
0 1 3 11
0 3 0 6
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

6
0 3 11
0 3 0 6
x y z
y z
y
+ + ( (
( (
+ + =
( (
( ( +

By equality of matrices,
x + y + z = 6 ... (i)
y + 3z = 11 ... (ii)
3y = 6 ... (iii)
From (iii), y = 2
Substituting y = 2 in (ii), we get,
2 + 3z = 11
3z = 9 z = 3
Put y = 2, z = 3 in (i), we get,
x + 2 + 3 = 6 x = 1
x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
Hence , the required numbers are 1,2 and 3.
Q-6) In a city there are two factories A and B.
Each factory produces sports clothes for
boys and girls. There are three types of
clothes produced in both the factories, type
I, II and III. For boys the number of units
of types I, II and III are 80, 70 and 65 in
factory A & 85, 65 and 72 in factory B. For
girls the number of units of types, I, II and
III are 80, 75, 90 in factory A & 50, 55, 80
in factory B. Express the information in
terms of matrices and answer the following
questions ?
i) How many total units of type I are
produced for boys ?
ii) What is total production of each type
for boys and girls?
Ans. The given information can be written in the
matrix form as :
Factory : A B
Types : I II III I II III
Boys :
80 70 65
80 75 90
(
(

85 65 72
50 55 80
(
(

Girls :
The total production of sports clothes of each
type requires the addition of these two
matrices, i.e.,
80 70 65
80 75 90
(
+
(

85 65 72
50 55 80
(
(

80 85 70 65 65 72
80 50 75 55 90 80
+ + + (
=
(
+ + +

165 135 137
130 130 170
(
=
(

Matrices
12 Mahesh Tutorials Science
the total production of sports clothes of each
type for boys and girls is given by :
I II III
Boys : 165 135 137
Girls : 130 130 170
(
(

Hence, (i) total units of type I produced for
boys = 165
(ii) total production for boys :
Type I is 165 units, type II is 135 units
and type III is 137 units, and
total production for girls :
Type I is 130 units, type II is 130 units
and type III is 170 units.
Q-7) A manufacture produces three products A,
B, C which he sells in two markets I and II.
The annual sales are as shown below :
Market A B C
I 5000 3000 4000
II 6000 10000 8000
i) If the units sale prices of A, B, C are
Rs. 3, Rs.2, and Rs.4 respectively in
market I and they are Rs. 4, Rs.3, and
Rs.6 in market II. Find the total
revenue in each market using matrix
algebra
ii) If the units cost prices of A, B, C are
Rs.2.50, Rs.1.50 and Rs.3 respectively
then find the gross profit. In each
market
Ans. (i) For market I :
Sale matrix = [5000 3000 4000]
Sale price matrix =
3
2
4
(
(
(
(

total revenue [5000 3000 4000]
3
2
4
(
(
(
(

= [5000 3 + 3000 2 + 4000 4]
= [15000 + 6000 + 16000]
= [37000]
Hence, the total revenue in market I
= Rs 37000.
For market II :
Sale matrix = [6000 10000 8000]
Sale price matrix =
4
3
6
(
(
(
(

total revenue [6000 10000 8000]
4
3
6
(
(
(
(

= [6000 4 + 10000 3 + 8000 6]
= [24000 + 3000 + 48000]
= [102000]
Hence, the total revenue in market II
= Rs 102000.
Cost matrix =
2.50
1.50
3.00
(
(
(
(

Sale matrix in market I =
3
2
4
(
(
(
(

Sale matrix in market II =
4
3
6
(
(
(
(

profit matrix in market I =
3
2
4
(
(
(
(


2.50
1.50
3.00
(
(
(
(

3 2.50 0.50
2 1.50 0.50
4 3.00 1.00
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

and profit matrix in market II
4 2.50
3 1.50
6 3.00
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

4 2.50 1.50
3 1.50 1.50
6 3.00 3.00
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

For market I :
Sale matrix = [5000 3000 4000]
Matrices
Mahesh Tutorials Science 13
Profit matrix =
0.50
0.50
1
(
(
(
(

gross Profit = [5000 3000 4000]
0.50
0.50
1
(
(
(
(

= [5000 0.50 + 3000 0.50 + 4000 1]
= [2500 + 1500 + 4000] = [8000]
Hence, the gross profit in market I = Rs 8000.
For market II :
Sale matrix = [6000 10000 8000]
Profit matrix =
1.50
1.50
3
(
(
(
(

gross Profit
= [6000 10000 8000]
1.50
1.50
3
(
(
(
(

= [6000 1.50 + 10000 1.50 + 8000 3]
= [9000 + 15000 + 24000] = [48000]
Hence, the gross profit in market II
= Rs 48000.
Q-7) The televisions manufactured in a factory
are stored in two warhouse. They are then
transported to the two shops. In the month
of January the first warehouse has 45
televisions. The first shop requires 47
television and second shop requires 53
televisions. The televisions are
transported from each warehouse to each
of the two shops. If the requirement of each
shop is fulfilled then represent the above
information in term of one matrix
equation.
Further, the transportation charges per
unit are Rs. 100 and Rs. 150 for the first
and the second shop respectively and the
total transportation charges for the two
warehouses are Rs. 10000 and Rs. 15000
respectively. Represent this information in
terms of one matrix equation.
Ans. i) Let x
1
and x
2
be the number of TV sets sent
by warehouse 1 to shops 1 and 2 respectively,
and x
3
and x
4
be the number of TV sets sent
by warehouse 2 to shops 1 and 2 respectively.
Then, according to the given data :
x
1
+ x
2
= 45
x
3
+ x
4
= 55
x
1
+ x
3
= 47
x
2
+ x
4
= 53
Expressing the above equation in matrix form
as :
1
2
3
4
1 1 0 0 45
0 0 1 1 55
1 0 1 0 47
0 1 0 1 53
x
x
x
x
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
= =
( ( (
( ( (

ii) The tranportation charges per unit are
Rs 100 and Rs 150 for the shop 1 and shop
2 respectively, and the total transportation
for the two warehouses are Rs 10000 and
Rs 15000 respectively.
100x
1
+ 150x
2
= 10000
and 100x
3
+ 150x
4
= 15000
The above information can be represented
in matrix form as :
1 2
3 4
100 10000
150 15000
x x
x x
( ( (
=
( ( (