Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Group 02
Content of Presentation
Introduction to road construction Main segments of road pavement
Flexible pavement :Advantages & Disadvantages
Selected flexible road project Selected rigid road project Comparative analysis of time and cost Conclusions
Introduction
Roads are designed and built for primary use by vehicular and pedestrian traffic. In the past they were constructed using stone, gravel and sand.
Rigid pavement
Report includes details, pros and cons of the two types and two selected road construction projects
Flexible Pavement
Flexible pavements are composed of a
bituminous material surface course, underlying
Advantages
Adaptability to stage construction Availability of low-cost types that can be easily built Easy to repair frost heave and settlement Resistance to the formation of ice glaze
Disadvantages
Higher maintenance costs Shorter life span under heavy use Weak edges that may require curbs or edge devices
Rigid Pavements
Rigid pavement is laid in slabs with steel reinforcement. The rigid characteristic of the pavement are associated with rigidity or flexural strength Rigid pavement is designed and analyzed by using the elastic theory.
Advantages Low maintenance costs Long life with extreme durability Ability to be placed directly on poor soils No damage from oil and grease. Strong edges Disadvantages High initial costs Joints required for contraction and expansion Generally rough riding quality
Consultants
Contractor Contract Sum Duration Date of Commencement Expected date of Completion Type of Contract Conditions of Contract Road Type Road Dimensions
SOIL TYPE Main types were peat and clay For Site investigations Wash Boring, Machine Boring and also Standard Penetration Tests were carried out
SERVICES Existing electrical services are removed and replaced by the Ceylon Electricity Board
Equipments Used
Dump Truck
Backhoe Loader
Asphalt Paver
: 2010-08- 31
: Measure & Pay : SBD 1 : Jointed plain concrete pavement : 600m long, 3m wide and 125mm thick
Equipments Used
Backhoe Loader
Time Analysis
Takes relatively higher time period to construction Takes lesser time period Can be used after 24 hours from laying the bitumen It takes relatively higher time period to cure the layer concrete road, hence road cannot be used immediately after placing the concrete for traffic movement Life span may be around 4 to 10 years Can be used for 30 years without major defects
Cost Analysis
Initial cost of construction is relatively lower
Life cycle cost is relatively higher, maintenance requirements may arise after 2 to 3 years of project completion The cost of bitumen has a tendency to increase Cost per m2 of a 3m wide 2km long road 3,000.00 Cost per m2 of a 9m wide 10km long road 8,300.00
Flexible road has relatively higher carbon footprint Roller compaction is not used, damage to vehicle because of extensive the use of heavy equipment and life cycle cost is less, minimum carbon footprint
Conclusion
In Civil Engineering works, road construction has a vital position. Initial cost is generally the major factor in deciding the type of the pavement in design For large scale road construction projects concrete pavements are economical if the subgrade of the area is stable and heavy traffic is expected to move after completion. Minor roads with difficult access for conventional road-making plant, may sometimes be economic to construct in concrete
Thank You