Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
A) unsafe drinking water B) low life expectancy C) inadequate access to health services D) illiteracy E) balanced nutrition
A) a theory is a condensation and simplification of many data that previously appeared unrelated B) a theory is a prediction for new data suggesting new relationships among a range of natural phenomena C) a theory is an explanation of scientific laws D) a theory is an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations and experiments E) a theory is an ethical principle based on a religious foundation 3.
In addressing environmental problems, several stages can be followed. For example, when it was discovered that the rat population on the island of Pumehana was out of control, scientists assessed the problem and formulated a model that suggested if a rat predator is introduced, then the rat population will be significantly decreased. The next step in addressing this environmental problem might be:
A) evaluation. After the release of the initial mongoose population, it is discovered that the mongoose is NOT a rat predator. B) a risk analysis. If a mongoose is introduced to control the rat, what are the possible effects of this intervention? C) action. Scientists sprinkle rat poison throughout the island. Several residents die. D) political action. A rat-infested island does not lure tourists so something MUST be done. E) public education and involvement. Hold town meetings to inform island residents of the costs of rat predator introduction, a rat sterilization program, rat bounty program, or no intervention.
4. A journalist reports on what Hardin (1968) referred to as a tragedy of the commons? The media story concerns:
A) common understanding of the environmental pressures that threaten endangered species B) the environmental costs that everyone must pay in the long run due to individual exploitation of resources for short-term gains. C) the technology divide that exists between the social classes of poverty and elite D) the environmental costs that a widespread natural disaster brings to all walks of life E) a disaster that happened in the park
5.
The Ehrlich/Holdren model assesses human impact on the environment based on all of the following factors EXCEPT:
C) the affluence per person. D) the environmental effects of the technologies used to obtain and consume the resources. E) the number of people.
6.
A) political action B) evaluation C) public education and involvement D) risk analysis E) scientific assessment
7.
A) human impact on the environment B) urbanization C) people overpopulation D) international fertility rates E) industrialization
8. ALL of the following external factors contribute to the suitability of life on Earth EXCEPT:
A) soil develops from rock B) general weather patterns are unaffected by topography C) moderate amount of sunlight is present D) fresh water is stored as ice and snow E) atmosphere gases include oxygen and carbon dioxide
9.
A) all of the choices about a scientific hypothesis are correct B) makes a prediction that can be tested C) is a statement of fact D) is usually proven to be correct E) can only be tested once
10.
What activity/activities contribute(s) to making the human species the most significant agent of environmental change on Earth?
A) ignoring the environment B) consuming non-renewable resources C) eradicating unique species D) All choices contribute. E) continued population growth
11.
A) that occurs when each individual in a population consumes too large a share of resources B) in which there are too many people in a given geographical area C) in which the level of demand on resources is greater than the number of people in that geographic area D) that will occur in the future but is currently not a problem E) resulting from the consumption-oriented lifestyles of people in highly developed countries
12.
A) an environmental theory promoting public ownership of lands and resources. B) events impacting the common people, particularly farmers, of developing countries. C) an analogy describing the conflict between individual interest and management of shared resources. D) an economic theory promoting private ownership of lands and resources. E) environmental problems generated by farming practices.
13.
A) Ecological footprint of 8 individuals in Thailand B) Ecological footprint of 4 individuals in Mexico C) Ecological footprint of a single individual in U.S.
14. To test a hypothesis about a given variable, experimental and control groups are tested in parallel. Which of the following best explains the dual experiments?
A) In the experimental group, a chosen variable plus all other variables are altered. In the control group, the chosen variable is altered however all other variables are held constant. B) In the control group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the experimental group that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made. C) In the experimental and control groups two different variables are altered. D) In the experimental group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the control group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made. E) Experimental and control group experiments are identical and run in parallel to get repeatable results.
15. A state agency has contacted you to do a scientific assessment of kudzu in a nature preserve in southern Georgia. They are concerned about the effects of the non-native invasive vine on a small rare plant that grows on the forest floor in the preserve, but which is found nowhere else in the state. Kudzu is only growing in the east side of the preserve because it hasn't yet had time to invade further. In order to assess the effects of kudzu on the rare plant, you set up the following experiment: Site 1. On the east side of the park with the kudzu, you set up ten 1m x 1m plots on the forest floor. In each plot you count the number of individuals of the rare plant. Site 2. On the west side of the park without the kudzu, you set up ten 1m x 1m plots of the forest floor. In each plot you count the number of individuals of the rare plant. In this experiment, Site 2 is your:
16.
A) Divide number of people by resources needed and wastes produced I=PT B) multiply birth rate times consumption patterns divided by available resources I= B x C R C) multiply resource depletion times number of years divided by number of people I=RxYP D) None of these choices are correct because the human impact cannot be measured E) multiply the number of people times affluence per person times resources needed and wastes produced I=P x A x T
17.
18.
Highly developed nations represent less than ____(1)_____ of the world's population, yet they consume significantly more then _____(2)______ of its resources.
A) 10%; 60% B) 15%; 75% C) 20%; 50% D) 25%; 45% E) 5%; 85% 19.
A) extravagant consumption can create an environment of raising one's status among peers B) consumption can generate economic growth that relies significantly on the importation of natural resources, which benefits the environments of less-developed countries C) consumption is strictly a social act and has no environmental significance D) the process of consumption is an economic act, providing the demand necessary for the supply of the environment E) consumption can outstrip the natural resources available and lead to overexploitation of the environment
20. In 1992, the United Nations had a conference on Environment and Development to consider all of the following issues EXCEPT A) deterioration of the atmosphere B) pollution