Continuous Medium Method & Wide Column Analogy

Assignment No.
Continuous Medium Method & Wide Column Analogy
Contents of Assignment No. 7

Solution: ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
List of Formulas used in Calculation Tables ................................................................................................. 5
Wall Moment Calculations ........................................................................................................................ 5
Shear Force ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Stresses in the wall.................................................................................................................................... 5
Lateral Deflection ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Alpha Value ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Beta Value ................................................................................................................................................. 5
K1 Factor: .................................................................................................................................................. 5
K1 = 100-K2 ........................................................................................................................................... 5
K2 Factor ................................................................................................................................................... 5
K3 Factor ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Full Effective width of Beam (Ye) .................................................................................................................. 6
Beam Moment of Inertia .......................................................................................................................... 6
K value Calculations .................................................................................................................................. 6
Alpha Value: .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Beta Value: ............................................................................................................................................ 6
K2 Factor: .............................................................................................................................................. 7
K1 Factor: .............................................................................................................................................. 7
K1 = 100-K2 ........................................................................................................................................... 7
K3 Factor ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Stresses in the wall.................................................................................................................................... 7
Shear Flow................................................................................................................................................. 7
Maximum Shear Flow ........................................................................................................................... 8
Maximum Deflection from Formula: .................................................................................................... 9
The effects of cracking and yielding of coupling beams/slabs (assume 50% and 75% reduction of
effective in cracking and yielding stages, respectively). ............................................................................. 10
50% reduction of effective in Cracking: .................................................................................................. 10
Beam Moment of Inertia .................................................................................................................... 10
Alpha Value ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Assignment No. 7
Beta Value: .......................................................................................................................................... 10

75% reduction of effective in Yielding: ................................................................................................... 11
Beam Moment of Inertia .................................................................................................................... 11
Alpha Value ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Beta Value: .......................................................................................................................................... 11
75% reduction Table ........................................................................................................................... 11
The effect of cracking in wall subjected to tension (assume a reduction of 35% of in area and moment of
inertia). ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
35% Reduction in the Area and Moment of Inertia of Wall ................................................................... 12
Tables Attached on next page ................................................................................................................ 12
Find the location of maximum shear flow and its value as well as maximum shear and moment in the
connecting beam ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Full Effective Width of Beam .................................................................................................................. 13
Maximum shear in the Connecting beam: .......................................................................................... 13
Maximum moment in the Connecting beam: ..................................................................................... 13
0.5xEffective Width of Beam .................................................................................................................. 13
0.25xEffective Width of Beam ................................................................................................................ 13
35% Reduction in the Area and Moment of Inertia of Wall ................................................................... 14
Comparison of all cases............................................................................................................................... 15
Comparison and %age Difference of all deflections ................................................................................... 15
2. Analyze the same building with Column Analogy Method using Finite element program SAP for: . 16
Equivalent frame or Wide Column Analogy:........................................................................................... 16
Shear Wall/Column Properties: .......................................................................................................... 17
Assignment No. 7
Coupled shear wall building (Fig.) having T - shaped shear walls

has the following data:
Serial No. = 33
Ye = effective width of coupling beam/slab= 1200 mm
Thickness of coupling slab/beam = 400 mm = 0.4 m
h = story height = 3 m;
Thickness of walls = 400 mm = 0.4 m
L = b = clear distance between walls = 2 m.
Wind load, W = 60 kN/m Total height of the building, H = story
height x no. of story (m)
Total height of the building, H = 3 x 45 = 135 m
No of story: 12 + 33 = 45
1. Calculate: (using continuous medium method)

Variation of laminar shear flow (q), axial force in the walls
shear force (T), moment in walls and lateral deflection along the height of building
Evaluate:
A. The effects of cracking and yielding of coupling
beams/slabs (assume 50% and 75% reduction of
effective in cracking and yielding stages, respectively).
B. The effect of cracking in wall subjected to tension
(assume a reduction of 35% of in area and moment of
inertia).
Find the location of maximum shear flow and its value as well as maximum shear and
moment in the connecting beam
Results should include plots of laminar shear moment in walls, axial force, deflected
shapes etc.
Prepare a short report of your work and critically evaluate the effects of different
variables. Make sure that your submission is logical and well organized.
2. Analyze the same building with Column Analogy Method using Finite element program
SAP for:
A. Uniformly distributed wind load of 60 kN/m
B. Seismic load (100 kN concentrated load at the top + a triangularly varying distributed
load with 50 kN/m at the top).
C. Prepare a short report of your work and critically compare the results of the two
methods.
Assignment No. 7
Solution:
Area of First wall: A1 = (8 x 0.4) + (6 x 0.4) = 5.6 m2
0.4m
Area of Second Wall: A2 = (8 x 0.4) + (6 x 0.4) = 5.6 m
Center of Gravity:
6m
8m
2.6m
( )
Total Area = A1 + A2 = 5.6 +5.6 = 11.2 m2

Total moment of Inertia I= I1 + I2 =
= 82.58 m4
l =13.6m
Assignment No. 7
List of Formulas used in Calculation Tables

Wall Moment Calculations
Shear Force
Putting in excel (Tables Attached)
Stresses in the wall
Lateral Deflection
Alpha Value
(
Beta Value
K1 Factor:
K1 = 100-K2
K2 Factor
Assignment No. 7
K3 Factor
Putting this equation in excel (Shown in the Table)
Full Effective width of Beam (Ye)

Beam Moment of Inertia
( )
Total Area = A1 + A2 = 5.6 +5.6 = 11.2 m2

= 82.58 m4
Total moment of Inertia I= I1 + I2 =
K value Calculations
Alpha Value:
Beta Value:
)
6
Assignment No. 7
K2 Factor:

K1 Factor:
K1 = 100-K2
K3 Factor:
Putting the above equation in the excel file to calculate the deflection (Tables Attached)
Stresses in the wall

Thickness = 0.4 m
Shear Flow
Assignment No. 7
Maximum Shear Flow
At H = 23 m
K3 = 0.738
K =0.73
Assignment No. 7
Maximum Deflection from Formula:
From above figure K4
= 0.18
ym = 0.18539212 (From Table)
Assignment No. 7
The effects of cracking and yielding of coupling beams/slabs (assume

50% and 75% reduction of effective in cracking and yielding stages,
respectively).
50% reduction of effective in Cracking:
( )
Alpha Value
)
m
Beta Value:
Putting all values in the Table below

10
Assignment No. 7
75% reduction of effective in Yielding:

( )
Alpha Value
)
m
Beta Value:
Putting all values in the Table below

75% reduction Table
11
Assignment No. 7
The effect of cracking in wall subjected to tension (assume a reduction of

35% of in area and moment of inertia).
35% Reduction in the Area and Moment of Inertia of Wall
A1 = A2 = 0.65x5.6 = 3.64 m2
A = 0.65x11.2 = 7.28 m2
I =0.65x82.58 = 53.677m4
Tables Attached on next page
12
Assignment No. 7
Find the location of maximum shear flow and its value as well as
maximum shear and moment in the connecting beam
Full Effective Width of Beam
The location of maximum shear flow is at 8th Floor.
The value of maximum shear flow is 365.54 kN/m
Maximum shear in the Connecting beam:
Maximum shear force in the connecting beam:
Maximum moment in the Connecting beam:
0.5xEffective Width of Beam

0.25xEffective Width of Beam

13
Assignment No. 7
35% Reduction in the Area and Moment of Inertia of Wall

14
Assignment No. 7
Comparison of all cases

Parameters
Full Effective
width of Beam
0.5 x Effective
width of Beam
0.25 x Effective
width of Beam
Ye
I=
A=
1.2
82.58 m4
11.2 m2
0.6
82.58 m4
11.2 m2
0.3
82.58 m4
11.2m2
35% Reduction
in the Area and
Moment of
Inertia of Wall
1.2
53.678 m4
7.28m2
12.1322
8.5794
0.0076837
6.1164
12.1322
Max Deflection
Max Shear Flow
185.39 mm
365.54 kN/m
Location of Max
Shear Flow
8th Floor
189.74mm
197.16mm
324.965 kN/m
278.446 kN/m
Connecting Beams
11th Floor
13th Floor
282.54mm
kN/m
9th Floor
Comparison and %age Difference of all deflections

15
Assignment No. 7
2. Analyze the same building with Column Analogy Method using

Finite element program SAP for:
A. Uniformly distributed wind load of 60 kN/m
B. Seismic load (100 kN concentrated load at the top + a triangularly varying distributed
load with 50 kN/m at the top).
C. Prepare a short report of your work and critically compare the results of the two
methods.
Equivalent frame or Wide Column Analogy:

L = 13.6 m
S = 2m
For symmetric walls
f=1m
100kN
60 kN/m
50kN/m
L = 13.6 m
16
Assignment No. 7
25000
y = 1112.9x2 - 1445.8x + 856.77
20000
15000
Ie/If
10000
5000
0
0
e/f 2
For x = 5.8
y = 1112.9x (5.8)2 - 1445.8x (5.8) + 856.77
Ie/If = y = 29909.086
Shear Wall/Column Properties:
Area of each Wall: A2 = (8 x 0.4) + (6 x 0.4) = 5.6 m2
17

Continuous Medium Method &amp; Wide Column Analogy - Soloution of Assignment No. 7 - T Section

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Assignment No.

Contents of Assignment No. 7