Science Notes Year 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 7: HEAT 7.

1 Heat - There are a lot of heat sources such as: (a) The Sun (b) Oil petrol (c) gaseous - An object or material will become hotter when more heat energy is supplied to it. - An object or material will become colder when it loses heat energy. - We can feel the heat of an object by using our finger. 7.2 Temperature - Temperature is the degree of hotness. - An object becomes hot when it receives heat. - Any change in heat can be measured as temperature. - The more heat supplied to an object, the hotter the object. - Heat loss causes an object to become less hot or cold. - Unit for temperature is degree Celcius (oC). - A thermometer is an instrument that is used to measure temperature. - There are two types of thermometers: (a) Clinic thermometer to measure humans body heat (b) Laboratory thermometer to measure temperature of objects in laboratory

Clinical thermometer -

Laboratory thermometer

We have to use the correct technique when measuring temperature of water: (a) When measuring temperature of water, we must hold the stem of thermometer (b) Avoid holding the bulb of thermometer (c) Immerse the bulb of the thermometer in the water which is heated up (d) The temperature of the water can be read from the mercury level in the thermometer (e) The position of the eyes must be at the same level as the surface of mercury in the same thermometer to get an accurate reading 1

Science Notes Year 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.3 Effects of Heats on Matter - Heat can cause the change in size of matter. - Most matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled - The increase in size of matter when it is hot is called expansion. - The decrease in size of matter when it is cooled is called contraction. - Some examples of the effects of heat are: (a) An iron ball cannot pass through an iron ring when it is hot gut when it its cool, it can pass through the iron ring

(b) A thick glass cracking when hot water is poured onto it.

(c) A boiled egg cracking when heated in hot water.

Science Notes Year 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Some examples of the application of the principle of expansion and contraction of matter in our daily life are: (a) there are gaps at railway tracks to allow for expansion on hot days.

(b) An electric cable sags on a hot day and tighten during a cold night. Therefore it is installed loosely for the expansion and contraction of the cables.

(c) A very tight bottle cap can be removed easily by immersing it in hot water. It is because the cap expands much faster than the bottle, so the cap can be loosened.