Add Maths Fast Track Sow Year 9 310807 v2

ADDI TI ONAL MATHEMATI CS SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK ( I NTERI M STAGE)
YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
1

Topic Learning Outcomes Resources/Activities Time

1 ALGEBRA

1.1 Solutions of Equations

1.2 Multiplication of Polynomials

1.3 Factorisation

1.4 Solving Quadratic Equations

Solve simple linear and fractional equations.

Expand products of algebraic expressions.

Factorise expressions of the form , bx ax +
2 2 2
b x a ,
2 2
2 b ab a + + and c bx ax + +
2
.

Solve quadratic equations by factorization.
Solve quadratic equations by use of quadratic formula.

2 weeks

2 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

2.1 Simultaneous Linear
Equations in Two Unknowns

2.2 Simultaneous Linear and Non-
Linear Equations in Two
Unknowns

Solve simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns either by
substitution or by elimination.

Solve simultaneous linear and non-linear equations in two unknowns by
substitution.
Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of a straight line and a
curve by solving their equations simultaneously.

New Additional Mathematics
Chapter 2
Additional Mathematics Chapter 5

2 weeks
3 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

3.1 Distance between Two Points

Calculate the length of a line segment by using the formula
( ) ( )
2
1 2
2
1 2
y y x x + .
Solve problems on distance between two points.

Chapter 7

3 weeks

YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
2

3.2 Midpoint of the Line Joining Two
Points

3.3 Gradient of a Line

3.4 Equation of a Straight Line

3.5 Equations of Parallel and
Non-Parallel Lines

3.6 Equations of Perpendicular Lines

3.7 Perpendicular Bisector

3.8 Miscellaneous Problems

Find the midpoint of a line segment using
|
.
|
\
| + +
2
,
2
2 1 2 1
y y x x
and solve
problems related to the midpoint of a line segment.

Calculate the gradient of a straight line passing through two points.
State the gradient of a straight line from a given equation.

Obtain the equation of a straight line graph in the form y = mx + c given
the gradient, m and the y-intercept, c.
Obtain the equation of a straight line using ) (
1 1
x x m y y = given the
gradient and one point (x1 , y1) on the straight line.

State that the gradients of parallel lines are equal.
Solve problems on the gradients and equations of parallel lines and non-
parallel lines.

State that the product of the gradients of the perpendicular lines is equal
to 1. ) 1 (
2 1
= m m .
Solve problems on the gradients and equations of perpendicular lines.

Write the equation of the perpendicular bisector of a given line segment
and solve problems on perpendicular bisector.

Solve miscellaneous problems on coordinate geometry including finding
the coordinates of vertices of a triangle or quadrilateral, ratio of lengths
of sides and area of a triangle or trapezium.

4 INDICES / SURDS

4.1 Indices (Exponents)

Perform simple operations using rules of indices.
Simplify expressions and write answers as a single term e.g. write
1 2
2 3
4
8 . 2
+
x
x x
as a single term in the form of a power of 2.
Chapter 3

2 weeks

YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
3
4.2 Simple Exponential Equations

4.3 Surds

4.4 Rationalising Surds

Expand and simplify expressions like ) )( (
3
2
3
1
3
1
3
2
b a b a + .

Solve simple exponential equations b a
x
= by using the same base or
index.
Solve exponential equations e.g. 0 2 ) 2 ( 3 2
2
= +
x x
by using suitable
substitution.

Define a surd as a root that cannot be expressed as a rational number.
Apply the rules of surds
ab b a =
and
b
a
b
a
=
to perform simple
operations with surds.

Know that the product of a surd expression and its conjugate surd gives
a rational number.
Rationalise the denominator of simple surds like
2
8
,
3
1
, by multiplying
both numerator and denominator with the surd itself.
Rationalise the denominator of surds like
,
2 3
2
1 3
10 3 2
+
by multiplying
both numerator and denominator with the conjugate surd of the
denominator.
Solve word problems involving surds.

http://library.thinkquest.org/C01
10248/algebra/islsurdlaw.html

http://www.purplemath.com/modul
es/radicals.htm

5 LOGARITHMIC &
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

5.1 Logarithmic Functions

Define logarithmic function as the inverse of exponential function.
Convert exponential functions to logarithmic functions and vice-versa.
Solve simple logarithmic equations such as 64 log
2
= x , 2 25 log =
x
, etc.
by converting to exponential form.

Chapter 3 and Chapter 19 (Graphs
of Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions)
4 weeks
5.2 Laws of Logarithms

State and apply the laws of logarithms to evaluate logarithmic
expressions.
Apply the laws of logarithms to solve logarithmic equations.
http://www.coolmath.com/algebra/
Algebra2/06ExponentialsLogs/07_
whatsalog.htm

YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
4

5.3 Common and Natural
Logarithms

5.4 Simultaneous Equations
Involving Exponential &
Logarithmic Functions

5.5 Change-of-Base Law

5.6 Application of Exponential &

5.7 Graph of Exponential &

Define common logarithm as logarithm to the base 10, written as lg x.
Define natural logarithm as logarithm to the base e, written as ln x.
Solve equations of the form b a
x
= by taking logarithms on both sides.
Solve logarithmic equations involving common and natural logarithms.
Solve exponential equations involving substitution and use of logarithms
e.g. 0 8 ) 3 ( 6 3
2
= +
x x
.

Solve simultaneous equations involving exponential functions and
logarithmic functions.

State the change-of-base law
a
b
b
c
c
a
log
log
log = .
Apply the change-of-base law to simplify and evaluate logarithmic
expressions.
Apply the change-of-base law to solve logarithmic equations.

Solve word problems involving exponential and logarithmic functions.

Draw the basic graph of exponential and logarithmic functions,
y =
x
e and y = ln x.
Explain the characteristic of the two graphs.
Recognize that since y = ln x is the inverse function of y =
x
e , thus the
graph of y = ln x is the reflection of the graph of y =
x
e in the line y = x.
Sketch or draw the graph of exponential and logarithmic functions and
use it to solve equations graphically.

Use Graphmatica software or
graphic calculator to investigate
the graphs of exponential and
logarithmic functions.

YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
5

6 FUNCTIONS

6.1 Introduction to Functions

6.2 Composite Functions

6.3 Inverse Functions

6.4 Absolute-Valued Functions

Understand the terms function, domain, range (image set), one-one
function, inverse function and composition of functions.
Use the notation, f : x lg x, (x > 0) [read as f maps x onto lg x] ,
f(x) = sin x [read as f of x is equal to sin x], f
1
(x) and f
2
(x) = f(f(x)).

Form composite functions.
Know that gf fg = ,
2 2
)) ( ( ) ( x f x f = .

Explain in words why a given function is a function or why it does not
have an inverse.
Find the inverse of a one-one function and of a composite function.
Use sketch graphs to show the relationship between a function and its
inverse.

Understand and use the relationship between y = f(x) and y = |f(x)|,
where f(x) may be linear, quadratic or trigonometric.
Solve absolute-valued equations.
Sketch the graphs of the absolute-valued functions.

Chapter 9
Additional Mathematics
Chapter 2

http://www.coolmath.com/algebra/
Algebra2/05InverseFuncs/02_one-
to-one.htm
Use Graphmatica software to
investigate the relationship
between a function and its inverse.

Use Graphmatica software or
graphic calculator to observe the
relation between of graphs of y =
f(x) and y = |f(x)|.

4 weeks
7 FACTORS OF POLYNOMIALS

7.1 Polynomial Identities

7.2 Remainder Theorem

Recognise polynomials and know the terms: coefficient, constant term,
degree of a polynomial and polynomial identity.
Find unknowns in an identity.

Find the remainder when a polynomial f(x) is divided by (ax+b) using
long division, then use the Remainder Theorem to evaluate
) (
a
b
f

.
Evaluate unknowns using the Remainder Theorem.

Chapter 5
Chapter 6

3 weeks

YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
6

7.3 Factor Theorem

7.4 Solving Cubic Equations

Determine if (ax + b) is a factor by testing if
0 ) ( =
a
b
f
.

Find one factor for f(x) by trial and error. Find the other factors either by long
division or by inspection.
Solve f(x) = 0 and if the resulting quadratic factor cannot be factorised further, then
use the quadratic formula.

http://www.purplemath.com/
modules/polydiv3.htm

8 QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS
AND EQUATIONS

8.1 Maximum/ Minimum Value of a
Quadratic Expression

8.2 Roots of a Quadratic Equation

8.3 Quadratic Inequalities

Write f: x ax
2
+ bx + c in the completed square form f: x a(x h)
2
+ k.
Find the maximum or minimum point of the quadratic function
f: x ax
2
+ bx + c by using the completed square form or any other method.
Sketch the graph of f(x) and describe the properties of the parabola.
Determine the range of f(x) for a given domain.

State the conditions with respect to the discriminant ac b 4
2
for a quadratic
equation ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 to have (i) two real and distinct roots, (ii) two real and
equal roots, or (iii) no real roots.
Determine the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation.
State the conditions when a given line (i) intersects a given curve at two points,
0 4
2
> ac b , (ii) is a tangent to a given curve, 0 4
2
= ac b , or (iii) does not
intersect a given curve, 0 4
2
< ac b .
Solve problems related to the condition that ac b 4
2
= 0 given that the roots of the
quadratic equation are real and equal or that a line is a tangent to a curve.

Find the solution set for quadratic inequalities.
Solve quadratic inequalities formed using conditions related to 0 4
2
> ac b (when
the roots are real), 0 4
2
> ac b or 0 4
2
< ac b .

Chapter 4
Chapter 3

http://www.coolmath.com/al
gebra/Algebra1/11Quadratic
s/07_intrographing.htm to
...Quadratics/17....

Use Graphmatica software
or graphic calculator to
investigate the coordinates
of the maximum or minimum
points in relation to the
values of h and k in the
function
f: x a(x h)
2
+ k.

http://www.purplemath.com/
modules/ineqquad.htm

3 weeks
YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
7

9 BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS

9.1 The Binomial Expansion of
( 1 + b)
n
where n is a
positive integer

9.2 The Binomial Expansion of
( a + b)
n

Identify a binomial as an algebraic expression that contains two terms.
Write out expansions for (1+ b)
n
for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and show that the
binomial coefficients, when arranged, form the Pascals Triangle.
Use the notations n!, and
n
Cr or
n
r
|
\
|
.
|
.
Evaluate
n
Cr using the formula
! )! (
!
r r n
n
r
n
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
or by using the calculator directly.
Write out the expansion of (1 + b)
n
using the general term
n
C
r
b
r
.

Perform expansion of (a + b)
n
and (ax + b)
n

by applying the binomial theorem
. ... ...
2 1
) (
2 2 1 n r r n n n n n
b b a
r
n
b a
n
b a
n
a b a + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = +

State the properties of the expansion of
n
b a ) ( + such as the general term is
r r n
b a
r
n

|
|
.
|
\
|
, the number of terms is n + 1 and the sum of powers of a and b in each
term is n.
Use the general term
r r n
b a
r
n

|
|
.
|
\
|
or list out the terms in the expansion of (px + q)(ax
+ b)
n
to find a specific term.
Evaluate unknowns in the given expansions.

Chapter 14
Chapter 12

http://mathforum.org/dr.m
ath/faq/faq.pascal.triangl
e.html

www.acts.tinet.ie/introduc
tiontothebinom_674.html

www.themathpage.com/a
PreCalc/binomial-
theorem.htm

www.acts.tinet.ie/Binomialt
heorem

2 weeks
10 CIRCULAR MEASURE

10.1 Radian Measure

Define 1 radian as the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal in
length to the radius.
State the relationship between an angle in radians and in degrees.

Chapter 12
Chapter 97

2 weeks
10.2 Arc Length and Area of a
Sector

State that Arc Length s = r and Area of Sector =
2
2
1
r , where is in radians or
Area of Sector = rs
2
1
.

YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
8

10.3 Problems Related to
Circular Measure
Find the arc length and area of sector.
Solve problems involving finding the arc length, area of sector, chord length, area of
segment and angle of a sector.

Solve problems involving circular measure including the use of geometry and
trigonometry.

11 TRIGONOMETRY

11.1 Trigonometric Ratios

11.2 General Angles and
Trigonometric Ratios of Any
Angle

11.3 Graphs of the Sine, Cosine
and Tangent Functions

Define the three basic trigonometric functions of sine, cosine and tangent.
Evaluate the three basic trigonometric functions of acute angles in right-angled
triangles with two sides given.
Find the exact values of trigonometric functions of special angles of 30
o
, 45
o
and
60
o
(useful to know but not compulsory to memorise).

Determine the location of any angle in the four quadrants and hence determine
the sign of the trigonometric functions in the four quadrants using S A .
T C
Determine the trigonometric function of any angle by expressing it in terms of its
basic/principal angle and writing the correct sign.
Solve basic trigonometric equations by identifying the quadrant the angle x lies in,
the basic angle and the value of x in the required interval.

Sketch the graph of the sine, cosine and tangent functions for the domain in
degrees or in radians in terms of .
State the properties of the sine, cosine and tangent functions in terms of its range,
maximum and minimum values.
State the amplitude and periodicity of the graphs and know the relationship
between graphs of y = sin x and y = 2 sin x, between
y = sin x and y = sin 2x.
Draw and use the graphs of y= a sin(bx) + c, y= a cos(bx) + c,
y = a tan(bx) + c where a, b and c are constants.
Determine the number of solutions to trigonometric equations in a given interval by
using the graphical method.
Chapters 10 and 11
Chapter 10

www.acts.tinet.ie/trigonom
etry_645.html

Use Graphmatica software
or graphic calculator to
study the properties of the
graphs of the Sine, Cosine
and Tangent Functions
5 weeks
YEAR 9 ( 2 + 2)
9

11.4 Reciprocal of Trigonometric
Functions

11.5 Simple Trigonometric
Identities

11.6 Trigonometric Equations

Define secant, cosecant and cotangent as reciprocals of cosine, sine and tangent
functions.
Evaluate expressions and solve simple equations involving the three reciprocal
functions.

State and use the identities
A
A
A
cos
sin
tan and
A
A
A
sin
cos
cot .
Apply the identities sin
2
A + cos
2
A 1, sec
2
A 1 + tan
2
A , cosec
2
A 1 +
cot
2
A to prove other simple trigonometric identities.

Apply the above identities to solve trigonometric equations by
(i) reducing to the basic form e.g. sin x = k, sin(ax + b) = k,
(ii) factorisation,
(iii) substitution using one of the identities.
Solve trigonometric equations where the angles are in radians.

Text books
1. New Additional Mathematics (Ho Soo Thong & Khor Nyak Hiong)
2. Additional Mathematics (H H Heng, JF Talbert)

Add Maths Fast Track Sow Year 9 310807 v2

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ADDI TI ONAL MATHEMATI CS SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK ( I NTERI M STAGE)

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