VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FINAL REPORT

Encouraging public transportation in Vietnam

Lecturer: Dr. Nguyn Hng Linh GROUP 8: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Nguyn Th Qunh Chi Chung Phng nh Trn Phc Lc Hunh Ngc Kiu My V Hong Nguyn Nguyn c Quc Thi BAIU09200 ITIU08001 ITIU08019 BAIU09472 EEIU08022 ITIU08033

Academic 2010 2011

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OUTLINE

I.

Introduction
A. Definition of Public Transportation.

B. Current state of Public Transportation in Viet Nam and barriers in walking, biking or mass transit.

II.

Argument

about

problem

of

using

Publish

transportation in Viet Nam

A. Reasons why citizens of major cities in VN are being encouraged to use Public Transportation?

B. Benefits of using Public Transportation.

C. The way to encourage people use Public Transportation.

III.

Conclusion

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Content
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition of Public Transportation Public Transportation (mass transit) is a system whose participants do not use private means of transport. Transportation systems, usually publicly but sometimes privately owned and operated, designed to move large numbers of people in various types of vehicles in cities, suburbs, and large metropolitan areas. B. Current state of Public Transportation in Viet Nam and barriers in walking, biking or mass transit According to "The Master Plan of Urban Transport for Hanoi City in Viet Nam" prepared by JICA in 1997, the number of daily trips made by public transportation will increase from 124 thousand trips, or 3.6% of the total trips in 1995, to 963 thousand trips, or 9.5% of the total trips in 2015. The number of buses required will reach approximately 3,000 in 2010 and 4,000 in 2020, while the figure at present is less than one hundred. The bus is served only 7% of the total trips as an interim target in 2009. Berries o Walking: Almost of the pavement is too narrow for passengers to walk on because of the encroachment of some shops and constructions (Figure 1). Besides, pedestrians, especially tourist, are often disturbed by beggar.

Figure 1

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o Biking: The quality of some roads are not good because of pot-hole (Figure 2), and the density of motorcycle are extremely high (Figure 3). Ho Chi Minh City has much wider area thus the percentage of road space at present is lower than Hanoi. But in the center of Ho Chi Minh City has spacious grid roads.

Figure 2

Figure 3 o Mass Transit: Bus is a typical type of Public Transportation in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City. Nowadays, bus system is popular and widen all over the city (Figure 4). However, staffs of some buses do not have a good attitude in dealing with passenger. Besides, many bus stops are not arranged rationally, so it is not convenient for passenger to travel by bus.

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Figure 4

II.

Argument about problem of using Publish transportation in Viet Nam

A. Reasons why citizens of major cities in Viet Nam are being encouraged to use Public Transportation Ho Chi Minh City has about 2600 buses, 3579 taxi cars and approximately 4 million motorcycles. In Figure 6 show that motorcycle holds 79% requirements of the citizens movement. On the other hands, Public Transportation only holds 3%, this figure prove that citizen have used private means of transport too much due to the convenience of using motorcycle in daily life. It is the main reason result to the issue of traffic jam, pollution, etc

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3% 18%
Public

Motor

79%
Other

Figure 5

B. Benefits of using Public Transportation. People who live in rural or suburban areas often have the option of public transportation, at least for the daily commute to work. There are many advantages to using public transportation. Because many citizens in Vietnam are passengers on any public vehicle at least once, those benefits are probably recognized by individuals, such as lower travelling costs, convenience and environmental positive effects. Reducing cost is what most people concern while making choices, and travelling costs are typical enough. If you compare the cost of gas, parking and auto maintenance to the cost of a bus or train pass, youll find that a monthly commuting pass is far more economical. If you live in an urban area and use the bus or train as your primary transportation source, you save even more on car payments, insurance and repairs. Some people hold that public transport acts to "provide a social service for the poor passengers are in fact overwhelmingly middle-class". This is probably due to the massive benefits of making daily
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commutes in pooled transport, therefore meaning many businessmen and workers use it. On the other hand, reduced time spent on maintenance of personal vehicles should be added up, too. Convenience is the next advantage: most trains and buses run on a set schedule that you can set your commuting time around. No more roaming around looking for parking or sitting in traffic. Some say that buses and trains take longer than driving, but if you consider that driving is lost time that you can better spend reading or relaxing while leaving the driving to someone else, you come out way ahead time wise. One objection to riding public transport may be that a person has children to transport. Many find it easier to look after a bunch of kids while seated on a train or bus than constantly trying to keep an eye on whats going on in the back seat while trying to drive, without having to parking spaces at your destination. About advantages for environment, consider how many large suburban vehicles and trucks you see inhabited by one or two people. Everyone who is taking his or her own vehicle is causing some individual pollution, and the earth does not need any extra of that. And many public transportations systems like trains or cable cars do not cause the same energy waste. Public transportations can lead to reduced damage to the environment. One bus emits far fewer fumes than twenty cars (especially if it uses LPG fuel). Train emissions of CO 2 "per passenger/Km are, on average, approximately half that of travel by car". The cost to the environment is something that affects everyone. Economic concerns dictate that for future prosperity we must invest now, in a greener future. An initial cost will prevent massive costs later. Combining that with the freight savings of rail, it makes sense for governments and citizens to support the rail system. Using

trains, expresses and buses also mean that less loss of fuel and energy to huge amount of cars and motorbikes. By reducing fuel usage, we are making our country more independent of the major oil-supplying countries that sometimes disrupt our lives by restricting oil. If oil consumption dropped, then it will be less effective to use oil supply as a political weapon. Another secure reason is that bus uses and trains are safer than cars. In fact, you are 9 times more likely to die
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travelling by car than by rail. Furthermore, problems of crowding and traffic jams in rush hours can also be solved, because 50 cars or motorbikes must cost more spaces compared to a bus. Fares in Ho Chi Minh City are set on a route by route basis. The fare for non-air conditioned buses varies from 150 to 200 VND/km, while from 200 to 300 VND for air-conditioned buses. Since there is no significant difference between bus and motorcycle in the unit cost, a cost for 10km travel by bus is lower than the motorcycle at 400 VND, which is not attractive enough for people in Ho Chi Minh City to use buss in terms of cost savings (Figure 6).

Figure 6: Bus Fare and Motorcycle Cost

C. The way to encourage people use Public Transportation. Improving bus net suitable with developing of city like upgrading the traffics infrastructure, developing other kind of Public Transportation as tram, subway, and so on. Besides, we have to manufacture many styles of bus to suit with roads in city, meet the demand to passenger, save the energy and reducing pollution.
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Public Administrate and Control Transportation Center of Ho Chi Minh City should manage cooperatives tightly and often inspect the quality of their buss service, try to upgrade the administrator and control system more efficient and modern in the future. Enhance the quality of bus service. For instance, remind the attitude of staff in dealing with passenger, have a good maintenance for the bus, increase the route of bus to avoid the crowded state in rush hours (Figure 7), etc.

Figure 7 Develop other kinds of Public Transportation which was used popularly in many developed country like subway, trunk bus. For instances, the trunk bus system has railway-like characteristics and offers a frequent service in a certain fixed route. An example of the trunk bus system employed in Nagoya, Japan is shown in Figure 9. Buses run through exclusive lanes in the mirth of the roadway, which are separated from the lanes for other vehicles. Since buses run the dedicated space, conflicts between buses and access traffics to building alongside the streets are avoidable. Buses stop for passengers embarkation and

disembarkation at designated bus stops and bus terminals. Interval of bus stops is around 1.0 km to 1.5 km, which is longer than usual for conventional operations.

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Figure 9: Example of Trunk Bus system If public administrate and control transportation center manage cooperatives tightly and often inspect the quality of bus then the quality of bus service will be enhance. If enhance the quality of bus service then the citizens will go out by bus. So, if public administrate and control transportation center manage cooperatives tightly and often inspect the quality of bus then the citizens will go out by bus. o A is public administrate and control transportation center manage cooperatives tightly and often inspect the quality of bus. o B is quality of bus service will be enhance. o C is the citizens will go out by bus. We can symbolize this argument form in the following way: If A then B If B then C So, if A then C Now lets set up the truth table:

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(AB)* T T F F T T T T (BC)* T F T T T F T T (AC)C T F T F T T T T

A T T T T F F F F

B T T F F T T F F

C T F T F T F T F

So, this argument is valid

III.

Conclusion
Viet Nams public transportation systems are a vital part of everyday life, in communities large and small. They provide services that are the backbone to business and economic centers, allow greater access to schools and doctors, and connect neighbors to each other. Making a smart investment in more and better public transportation will preserve the integrity of the transportation systems we have now, and will create economic and social opportunities. Public transportation plays a significant role in finding solutions to the numerous challenges facing Viet Nam today. Whether it's more jobs, a cleaner environment, energy independence or a better quality of life. To conclude about the use in major cities of public transportation means (mainly buses), there are three arguments can be raised: Argument 1: 1) Biking and walking take long time and efforts, can be used in limited distances and depend on the weather. 2) Travel by motorbikes and automobiles encounter with many problems such as high rate of accident, high expenses, parking space and air pollution. 3) Meanwhile, travel by buses has low expenses, high safety, long distance, not depend on the weather and reduce air pollution.
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4) Therefore, among transportation means in major cities, buses may appear to have lager advantages as well as overcome problems of other means.

Argument 2: 1) Vietnam government is investing more to improve bus line system in whole city and the quality of the services. 2) The authority and citizens are cooperating to make a better bus system and encourage the use of it by broad and strong campaigns as well as a good information network. 3) So, the bus system in major cities will probably be better, more developed and popular in next short time.

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Argument 3: 1) We - the citizens of this city should together with the country encourage the use of public transportation in big cities, due to following reasons: 2) Buses, as representative to the public transportation means, has many advantages and benefits that surpass other transportation means in major cities of Vietnam. 3) Bus system is supported and developed strongly by many forces and sides to overcome its shortcomings and be more and more popular in future.

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REFERENCES
B. Cudahy. Cash, Tokens and Transfers: A History of Urban Mass Transit (1991)

R. Fogelson. Fragmented Metropolis (1967)

S. Fischler. Moving Millions (1979)

SaiGonGiaiPhong News online. Retrieved January 1, 2012 from http://www.sggp.org.vn/

TuoiTre News online. Retrieved January 1, 2012 from http://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon

Urban Public Transportation in Viet Nam (December, 1999), Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)

Vietbao online, Retrieved January 1, 2012 from http://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoi

Wikipedia, Retrieved January 1, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport

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