Bacteria/ Virus Terminology

1. Archaebacteria- ancient bacteria that can survive in extreme environments 2. Eubacteria- true bacteria 3. Cyanobacteria- blue/green bacteria
4.

Nitrogen Fixation- the chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds

5. Obligate Anaerobes- die from oxygen 6. Bacilli- Rod shaped bacteria 7. Cocci- sphere shaped bacteria 8. Spirilli- spiral shaped bacteria 9. Toxin- poison emitted from bacteria 10. Antibiotics- a medicine that destroys bacteria 11. Diplo- bacteria that grow in pairs 12. Enveloped Virus- naked viruses lack this outer coat of protein 13. Strepto- bacteria that grows in chains 14. Staphylo- bacteria that grows in clusters 15. Phylogeny- history of the evolution of organisms 16. Saprophytes- an organism that live on dead or decaying organic matter 17. Obligate Aerobes- require oxygen to survive

18. Pathogen- any organism that causes a disease 19. Gram Negative- pink stain- thin cell wall 20. Gram Positive-purple stain-thick cell wall 21. Flagella- whiplike appendage on bacteria
22. Peptidoglycan-

a substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria, consisting of glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked with short peptides. genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes

23. Plasmid-a

24. Chemosynthetic Autotrophs- produce food using chemicals

25. Reverse

Transcriptase-an enzyme that functions as a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

26. Photosynthetic Autotrophs- produce food using light

27. Nodules-

symbotic relationship between bacteria and

plants 28. Replication-the bacterial cell makes more viral DNA and proteins 29. Edward Jenner- discovered vaccine for smallpox 30. T-4 Helper Cells- type of white blood cells 31. Prokaryotes- no membrane bound nucleus or organelles 32. Louis Pasteur- discovered vaccine for rabies 33. Attachment- virus attaches to bacteria

34. Assembly-new viral particles assembled 35. Injection-viral DNA enters bacteria 36. Lysis- cell bursts open releasing new viruses 37. Replication38. Host

Cell-a living cell in which a virus multiplies.

39. Bacteriophage-

a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.

40. Syphilis- STD know to cause brain damage, paralysis, heart disease, organ damage, and death 41. Infestation-STD symptoms such as intense itching and pinhead blood spots on the underwear-6 legged louse
42. Chlamydia-STD

bacteria that causes various diseases including trachoma, psittacosis, and nonspecific urethritis sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is easy to cure.

43. Trichimonas-common

44. Herpes Simplex II-STD that causes clusters of tender, painful blisters on the genitals
45. Gonorrhea-

a venereal disease involving inflammatory discharge from the urethra or vagina.

46. AIDS-virus caused STD that destroys the immune system 47. Genital Warts- cause cauliflower 48. Kaposis Sarcoma-rare skin cancer only seen in patients with AIDS

49. STDs- sexually transmitted diseases 50. Tobacco Mosaic Virus51. Halophiles- live in salt water
52. Thermoacidiophiles-is

an extreme archeon which thrives in acidous, sulfur rich, high temperature environments.

53. Methanogens- live in oxygen free environments