PENILAIAN KESAN ALAM SEKITAR (Environmental Impact Assessment-EIA) MMS 4001 By Dr Jarina Mohd Jani jarina@umt.

edu,my

Course outline
What is EIA (concept, needs, objectives, legal basis)? What are the processes and parties involved (screening and scoping; practices; roles and responsibilities; and techniques)? How to participate in the process (to evaluate or prepare)?

Todays lecture will cover: Definition of EIA - Concept and objectives - History of EIA

Definition
EIA is a STUDY to IDENTIFY, PREDICT, EVALUATE AND COMMUNICATE INFORMATION about the IMPACTS on the ENVIRONMENT of a proposed project and to DETAIL OUT the MITIGATING MEASURES PRIOR to project approval and implementation

Other definitions...
... refers to the evaluation of the effects likely to arise from a major project (or other action) significantly affecting the natural and man-made environment Wood, 2003 ... is a widely used policy tool for reducing the negative environmental consequences of individual development projects Lee and George, 2000

OBJECTIVES? - DO EIA to ensure that a project is undertaken adequately, therefore minimizing environmental impacts - DO EIA REPORT to document the EIA and the project planning process to help the APPROVING AUTHORITY make appropriate DECISION - IT IS A PLANNING TOOL!

How to achieve the objective of EIA? - Evaluate various project options - Identify all possible environmental impacts - Formulating appropriate mitigation measures - Developing a monitoring program

The EIA planning logic

Evaluation of various project options
Feasibility study Baseline study, and prediction

Formulation of appropriate mitigation measures

EIA Recommendations EMP

Development of monitoring program Identification of all possible environmental impacts

History
First introduced in the USA under the National Environmental Protection Act 1969 (note: CUYAHOGA RIVER) In SEA, first introduced in the Philippines in 1977 In Malaysia, EIA was introduced in 1987 under section 34A, EQA 1974 and became mandatory on 1 April 1988 for PRESCRIBED activities listed under EQ (Prescribed Activities)(EIA) Order, 1987

Prescribed Activities 1. Agriculture

9. Infrastructure 10.Ports 2. Airport 11. Mining 3. Drainage and Irrigation 12. Petroleum 4. Land Reclamation 5. Fisheries 6. Forestry 7. Housing 8. Industry: Chemical, Petrochemicals, Non- ferrous, Aluminium, Copper, Other ( Non metallic, iron 13. Power Generation and Transmission 14. Quarries 15. Railways 16. Transportation 17. Resort and Recreational

Development and steel, shipyards, pulp 18. Waste Treatment & Disposal and paper) 19. Water Supply