“Containing Power Theft & Enforcement

mechanisms – BRPL”

Ajay Dhagat
CEO, BSES Rajdhani Power Limited
25th July’2007, FICCI

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 AT&C Loss Reduction Trends
(FY 2002-03 to FY 2006-07)

BSES Rajdhani

50.00 47.40
45.06
45.00 40.64

40.00
35.53

35.00
29.92

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Attained Incentive Bid

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Main tracks
9 Loss reduction achieved through

9 Roll out of networks

9 Enhancement of billing net.

9 Adopting the right metering system

9 Installing electronic meters.

9 Focused drive on collection.

9 Containing theft by enforcement raids on consumers identified thru’

9 Transformer loss analysis drilled down to cluster Analysis & Other sources
9 Data analysis

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 Data Analytics:

Smart Way To Identify Theft

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 Data analytics - Process

9 This initiative was undertaken at Delhi, with the strategic intent of providing inputs on potential
cases of theft to the Enforcement teams
9 Since its inception, the team has provided a large number of successful leads to BSES Delhi.
9 This initiative has been identified as one of the key drivers for AT&C loss reduction .
9 Comprehensive approach is the right method
- Consumption analysis
- meter download analysis
- Survey data
9 Key Drivers
- Tamper Analysis
- Consumption Analysis
- Billing Database Analysis

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Tamper Analysis

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Tamper analysis

9 Tampers result in under recording of energy

9 Various circuits inside the meter or wiring at the terminal box is manipulated
- Current circuit
- voltage circuit or
- Switching off power supply (SMPS)

9 Tampers logged by meter along with load profile is analyzed to identify theft

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Types Of Tamper

9 Voltage Circuit tamper (Low & Off)

- This is easily detectable
9 Power supply switched off
- To check if there are periods of Power supply failure logged by meter beyond
supply failure
- Current circuit tamper (Shunting)
- This is the trickiest one to detect due to issue of false alarms
9 Load imbalance
- Certain current circuit tampers are not detected at times.
- Load imbalance comes handy at these times

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Remote Operated Relays

9 A very common methodology in Delhi

9 This may not be detected when we check consumption using Accucheck
9 Remote circuits are used in following ways:
- For opening or bypassing current circuit
- For altering voltage circuit
- For switching on and off power supply
9 Can be detected from study of tamper events / load profile and instantaneous
parameters

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Remote operated relay - Photo

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Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

9 This is a novel method used to manipulate the electronic meters.

9 When subjected to ESD , meter would get into sleep mode till the time it is waken up by a power
supply interruption.
9 This method would leave few symptoms in the data stored in the meter through which one can
detect such cases.

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Consumption Analysis

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Consumption Analysis: Key Focus

9 Surveyed 1.0 lac consumers contributing to 60 % of company’s revenue

- Nature of Activity
- Collected information to calculate their consumption
9 Establishing benchmarks for different commercial / industry segments.
9 Examples:
- Commercial Categories
– Fast Food joint: 10 units per month per Sq Ft
– Shopping Malls: 3.5 to 4.5 units per month per Sq Ft

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 Case Study: CNG Pumps

9 Complete list of CNG outlets was taken up for Analysis from Secondary Source

9 Many CNG outlets in Delhi consume 10,000 units (monthly). While CNG outlets in Mumbai
typically consume upwards of 50,000 units

9 Reason for difference

Delhi CNG outlets use gas turbine for powering compressors.

9 We decided to continue our drive for those CNG pumps that had not shifted to Gas Turbines.
9 This led us to infer that “lot of CNG outlets were involved in theft”

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Case Study: Hotels

9 Hotels nailed based on Consumption Analysis

9 Found some budget hotels consuming 200 units per A/C room per month. ~~ Almost 50%
of normal.

9 Checked – Key parameters

– Room Tariff rate
– Occupancy
– Effectiveness of cooling in each case

Raid conducted - Booked 20 economy hotels for thefts.

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Billing Database Analysis

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 Database Query Logic - Examples

9 Units Consumed (Monthly) / Maximum Demand Recorded

- Units Consumed (Monthly) / Sanctioned Load is another parameter on which we can analyze
- Often this is due to premise not being used
9 Residential load greater than
- 15 KWatts in low income locations or > 30 KWatts at any location
- Above will be suspect for tariff misuse
9 Faulty / Burnt meters that have been replaced
9 Drop in consumption
9 Reading being developed for more than certain duration
- Consider cases > 4 months
- Check for sanctioned load vis a vis units being billed

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Enforcement Statistics

Item UoM Quantum

2005 – 06 2006-
2006-07

Cases raided Nos 5232 9484

Cases booked Nos 3630 5449

Load booked MW 19 53

Imprisonments Nos NIL > 150

Cases pending in Spl.

Spl. Court Nos NIL > 4000

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New trends

9 Due to effective monitoring the following are in the raise.

9 Burnt meters :
ƒ 22 % of meters removed from site are burnt meters.

9 Theft of meters :
ƒ The stolen meter complaints is showing an increasing trend

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HAPAZARD CABLING MAKES TAMPER INVESTIGATIONS DIFFICULT

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DAMAGED CT - SOURCE OF ERROR

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EXPOSED
METERING WIRES
- EASY TO TAMPER

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Burnt meter

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Conclusion

9 Technology help can only control theft.

9 The more the technology , the more advanced are the theft techniques.

9 Theft is a social evil.

9 The only way to eradicate theft is by social awareness & the society as whole taking
the responsibility for containing theft.

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