Caiet de practica Studiul Instalarii sistemelor de cablu TV si Internet

Studiul instalarii Sistemelor de cablu tv

Topologia folosita pentru instalarea sistemelor de cablu tv este Stea extins pentru toata reteaua dar local se foloseste si topologia de conectare in cascada.

Pentru transportul semanlului TV atat in format analogic cat si digital sunt folosite fibrele optice apoi in noduri optice sunt folosite media convertoare ce transforma semnalul optic in semnal CATV (semnal analogic TV) sau semnal TV digital. Schema de principiu a receptiei semnalului, modularea, si transmiterea acestuia prin fibra optica(la distanta) sau cablu tv (local) :

Semnalul de la satelit este receptionat de antena satelit in ghidul de unda, semnalul este apoi transportat printr-un cablu coaxial de 75 de ohmi intr-un spliter activ ce imarte spectrul semnalelor in cateva benzi (la cele observate 4) . Mai departe

semnalele radio sunt decodate cu ajutorul Receptorului Satelit, apoi sunt modulate cu o frecventa purtatoare in Modulator. Combinerul are rolul de a combina cele doua semnale de la Receptorul Satelit si de la Modulator si de a le sincroniza. Distributia semnalului tv se face prin fibra optica pe distante mari de ce depasesc cativa Kilometri si prin cablu coaxial cu ancora pe distante mici (pe distante mari se pot folosi amplificatoarele de semnal, dar acestea datorita perturbatiilor externe pe distante mari pot inrautatii semnalul).

Schema de distributie a semnalului TV

Schema de distributie a semnalului CATV prin fibra optica in reteaua AMBASADOR

Semnalul modulat in impulsuri este transmis in ambele aripi ale retelei, acesta este apoi decodat in nodurile zonale (Media convertere) si distribuit prin splittere la abonati. Intr-un nod zonal exista un media converter in care intra fibra optica , un spliter TV ce distribuie semnalul TV, si un UPS pentru mentinerea in functionare o perioada de 24 de ore in cazul in care linia de tensiune publica este defecta. Un media converter este un dispozitiv ce face conversia din semnal luminos in semnale electrice corensunzatoare tipului de mediu ales. In cazul nostru semnale electrice analogice pentru posturile TV.

Studiul instalarii Sistemelor de Internet

Topologia folosita pentru instalarea sistemelor de internet este hibrida topologia ar putea fi definita ca ce dea stea extinsa. Pentru transmisia pe distante mari sunt folosite de asemenea

fibrele optice iar local sunt folosite MC-urile si switchurile, cablurile optice folosite sunt multifilare cu 24 de fibre, cablurile pentru legarea in ethernet de la switchuri la abonat sunt FTP CAT5, pe distante nu mai mari de 70 de metri.

Componentele serverului: Calculatorul serverului este un Dell PowerEdge R410 System, cu microprocessor Intel Xeon, 2 hardiscuri de 250Gb in configuratie raid pentru pastrarea datelor in siguranta. Routerul porincipal este un router Cisco ME 6500 UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) cu o putere de 3Kw Organizator de cabluri

Descrierea retelei Nivelul de receptie si rutare la server Legatura de intrare se face printro antena satelit ce preia semnalul direct de la satelit cu viteza de 1 Gbps acesta intra in server si este preluat de catre routerul Cisco care face managementul pe cele 24 de porturi al datelor, din routerul Cisco pentru fiecare port al acestuia, se face legatura cu cate un cablu

FTP CAT5 la cele 24 Media Convertoarele de semnal, ce formeaza RAK-ul de MC-uri, cele 24 de fibre optice legate la RAK-ul de MCuri sunt conectate si ele la randul lor la un port al Optical Patch Panel ODF (Optical Distribution Fiber; are rolul de a distribui fibra optica principala cu 24 de fibre in fibre optice monofilare), din Optical Patch Panel ODF iese fibra optica principala multifilara cu 24 de fibre cate una pentru fiecare corespondent pentru porturile routerului si care de asemenea corespunde unui mare nod zonal (al unei localitati). Schema serverului

Nivelul de distribuite a semnalelor Fibra optica principala este desfasurata pe o lungime ce depinde de tipul de MC-ului folosit, acestea pot fi de 20, 40 si 60 de Km. In cazul retelei noastre sau folosit cele de 20 de Km pentru distantele de pana la 20 de Km, cele de 40 de Km pe distantele de peste 20 de km si cele de 60 de Km pe distantele de peste 40 de km. In Nodurile Optice fibra opica a fost taiata si s-a scos fibra corespunzatoare zonei de interes (localitatea), acesta fibra intra in MC si semnalul optic este convertit in semnal elctric Ethernet

conform cu standardul IEEE 802.3, mai departe se poate conecta fie la un switch cu management si apoi la unul fara management iar in final la abonat, fie direct la un bonat;( dar de obicei se pune macar un switch cu management pentru verificare in permanenta a fordward-ului de pachete); astfel se asigura o redundata al sistemului la eventuale defecte tehnice ce pot aparea la unul din MC-urile din localitate. Celelalte fibre vor fi folosite in alte localitati, cate un apentru fiecare. Este obligatori ca in cazul legaturilor intre MC-uri comunicatia sa se faca cu lungimi de unda diferite Tx1310nm/Rx1550nm, Tx1550nm/Rx1310nm . Schema retelei de distribuite prin fibra optica si Nodurile Optice In Localitati

Schema de folosire a fibrelor din cablul cu fibre optice

Schema unei casete de distributie locala cu fibra optica monofilara si switchuri pana la abonati

O caseta de distributie de pe un stalp ccontine un MC pentru conversia semnalului optic in cel electric, mai contine un switch Zyxel ES-108A cu management, un UPS de 12V ce poate mentine in functionare timp de 24 de ore atat caseta de distributie cat si switcurile care sunt conectate la aceasta. Spre abonat se pleaca cu cablu FTP cat5 Cu ancora, mufat cu conecctori RJ-45. Zyxel ES-108A este un switch cu management la care primele 3 porturi sunt pentru banda larga si trafic greu putand ruta si pachetele de VoIP iar in general la ele mai sunt conectate alte switchuri unde este trafic mare, celelalte 5 porturi pot fi folosite pentru conectarea directa a abonatilor. In cladirile institutiilor si acolo unde este nevoie de banda larga de comunicare se folosesc switchurile Linksys (by CISCO) SRW208G ethernet switch.Cum management.

Caracteristici tehnice ale Serverului

Dell PowerEdge R410

Processors Intel Xeon E5540, 2.53GHz/8M,4C 80W Chipset Intel 5500 chipset Memory Up to 64GBs1 (8 DIMM slots2) 1GB1/2GBs1/4GBs1/8GBs1 DDR3 800MHz, 1066MHz or 1333MHz. Unbuffered w/ECC or Registered w/ECC at 1333/1066/800MHz Options: 1GB1 UDIMM/RDIMM 2GBs1 UDIMM/RDIMM 4GBs1 RDIMM 8GBs1 RDIMM Operating Systems Microsoft Factory Installed OS Options Microsoft Windows Standard Business Server 2008 64-bit Standard and Premium Microsoft Windows Server 2008 32-bit Web, Standard, Enterprise Microsoft Windows Server 2008 64-bit Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter Microsoft Windows Server 2008 SP2

Microsoft Non- Factory Installed OS Options Microsoft Windows Standard Business Server 2003 R2 32-bit Standard and Premium Microsoft Windows Essential Business Server (Centro) 64-bit Standard and Premium Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 32-bit Standard, Enterprise Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 64-bit Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter

Factory Installed Linux OS Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 Non-Factory Installed Linux OS Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 HPCC Software Microsoft HPC Server 2008 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 for HPC Storage Hard Drive Options: 3.5" SATA(7.2K RPM) 160GBs1, 250GBs1, 500GBs1, 750GBs1, 1TB1 3.5" Near Line SAS(7.2K RPM) 500GBs1, 750GBs1, 1TB1 3.5" SAS(15K RPM) 146GBs1, 300GBs1, 450GBs1 3.5" SAS (10K RPM): 600GBs1 2.5" SAS (10K RPM): 73GBs1, 146GBs1, 300GBs1 2.5" SATA SSD 25GBs1, 50GBs1 Maximum Internal Storage: 4TBs1 SATA 4TBs1(4x1000GBs) SAS Backup Devices RD1000 (External) DATA72 (External) LTO2-L (External) LTO3-060 (External) LTO3FH (External) LTO4-120 HH (External) LTO4-120 FH (External) PV114T (External, 2U) Tape Automation TL2000/TL4000

ML6000 PV124T Backup and Recovery Software: CommVault Symantec Backup Exec including Backup Exec System Recovery Vizioncore Drive Bays Hard drive base options: 4 x 3.5" Cabled HDD Or 4 x 3.5" Hot-Swap HDD Or 4 x 2.5" Hot-Swap HDD Peripheral bay options: One slim type optical drive bay with choice of DVD-ROM or DVD+/-RW Slots 1 PCI slot Slot 1: PCIe x16 (True x16, Gen2), half length Slot 2: Propriety for SAS 6/iR Modular card only Storage Controllers (optional) RAID: SAS 6/iR Modular PERC 6/i PERC 6/E NON-RAID: SAS 5/E LSI2032 (For TBU only) Optional Communications Intel PRO/1000PT - Single Port Intel x1 PCIe, copper GbE NIC Intel 10G Base-T Single Port NIC3 BCM57710-10G base T Single Port NIC Intel PRO/1000PT Dual Port

Dual- Port Broadcom 5709 PCIe copper, GbE NIC, TOE Dual- Port Broadcom 5709 PCIe copper, GbE NIC, TOE/Isoe Intel PRO/1000VT Quad Port Intel x4 PCIe copper, GbE NIC Power Non-Redundant, 480W (80+ BRONZE) Optional Redundant, 500W (80+ GOLD) Auto Ranging (100V~240V) Availability Quad-pack LED diagnostic / LCD with Hot-swap HDD chassis TCM Embedded Network Controller 1 Dual port Broadcom BCM 5716 Graphics Matrox G200eW w/ 8MB Chassis 43.0 x 434.0 x 627.1 (mm) (w/o ear, w/o bezel) 1.69 x 17.09 x 24.69 (in) Management Dell OpenManage featuring Dell Management Console BMC, IPMI2.0 compliant Optional: iDRAC6 Express, iDRAC6 Enterprise and Vflash Regulatory and Environmental Compliance Regulatory Model: E07S Regulatory Type: E07S001 Product Safety, EMC and Environmental Datasheets Dell Regulatory Compliance Home Page

Caracteristici tehnice ale routerului Cisco ME 6500

Cisco ME 6500 Series Ethernet switches: Switch processor (SP): For Cisco IOS images, 256-MB DRAM (some images require more DRAM) For Cisco IOS modularity images, with releases earlier than Release 12.2(33)SXH3, 256-MB DRAM (some images require more DRAM) For Cisco IOS modularity images, with Release 12.2(33)SXH3 and later releases, 512-MB DRAM required (some images require more DRAM) 128-MB bootflash (sup-bootflash:; from ROMMON, it is bootflash:) Route processor (RP)Multilayer Switch Feature Card 2A (MSFC2A): 512-MB DRAM (some images require more DRAM) 64-MB bootflash (bootflash:) Policy Feature Card 3C (PFC3C) See the "Policy Feature Cards" section) ME 6500 switches always operate in PFC3C mode. Enter the show platform hardware pfc mode command to display the PFC3 mode. Fan tray: FAN-C6524 Power supplies (can be used together): PWR-400W-DC PWR-400W-AC

64 chassis MAC addresses One external CompactFlash Type II slot (disk0:; supports CompactFlash Type II Flash PC cards sold by Cisco Systems, Inc., for use in Cisco ME 6500 Series Ethernet switches) Eight SFP ports: Requires Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Modules 1 port group: ports 25-32 QoS port architecture (Rx/Tx): 2q8t/1p3q8t ME-C6524GS-8S: 24 SFP ports (requires Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Modules) 4 port groups: ports 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24 QoS port architecture (Rx/Tx): 1q2t/1p3q8t ME-C6524GT-8S: 24 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet ports 4 port groups: ports 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24 QoS port architecture (Rx/Tx): 1q2t/1p3q8t Sursahttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/lan/catalyst6500/ ios/12.2SX/release/notes/ol_14271.html#wp3763132 Acest tip de router poate face forwarding bidirectional la o rata de transfer foarte mare pe toate cele 24 de porturi.

Caracteristici tehnice Media Convertor

MC331SM - WDM Fast Ethernet Media Converter Media Convertoare MC331SM MC331/MC332 provides the best cost effective solution to double the bandwidth of an existing network. In addition, User now may double their existing optical fiber bandwidth and upgrade their existing 100Base-TX or even 10Base-T network easily and more cost effectively. MC331/MC332is fully compliant with IEEE802.3 & 802.3u standards. The installation & operation procedures of the MC331/MC332 are simple & straightforward. Diagnostic LEDs located in the front panel indicate the real time operating status. Applications: Broadband fiber network for network manage company. Broadband network for government organization, oil industry, finance system, Railway transport , electric power system, public security , education ,etc Making network in abominable environment FTTX (FTTC , FTTF, FTTB, FTTH) Telecommunication applications Features: Compliant With IEEE802.310Base-T, IEEE802.3U 100BASETX/FX standard WDM technology single fiber, the optical fiber utilization rate enhance by one time Provide on SC fiber connector and one UTP RJ45 Connector

 Auto-detection of half/full duplex transfer mode for Tx port Auto-negotiation of 10/100Mbps rate and Auto-MDIX for Tx port Extend fiber distance up to 40KM for single-mode fiber Easy-to-view LED indicators provides status to easily monitor network activity Specifications:Standards Support the IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3u Transmission Mode Support auto-negotiation, full-duplex, and half-duplex devices. Interface 10/100Mbps RJ-45 port x 1 100Mbps FX port x 1 Transmission distance mode,1310nm/1550nm) 20km(single

Wavelength 1310nm, 1550nm, Tx1310nm/Rx1550nm, Tx1550nm/Rx1310nm Fiber Connector type Fiber typeSingle mode LEDS Status Power, FDX/COL, Speed, TP Link/ACT,FO Link/ACT, SC

DIP Switch Function LFP,SPEED, DUPLEX Operating temperature 0~+50C Storage temperature -20C~ 60C Humidity 5% to 90% non condensing Power supply Input AC 120V-240V,DC 5V Power Consumption 4W Emission/Safety FCC Class A, CE Dimensions 97mm* 70mm* 26mm (External Power Supply)

Switchurile Linksys (by CISCO) SRW208G

Specifications Model SRW208G Ports 8 RJ-45 connectors for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, 1 RJ-45 connectors for 10BASE-T/100BASETX/1000BASE-T,and 1 miniGBIC/SFP port Console port Auto MDI/MDI-X Auto-negotiate/manual setting Cabling Type UTP CAT 5 or better for 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX, UTP CAT 5e or better for 1000BASE-T LEDs 10/100 Link/Act, Giga Link/Act, Speed, MiniGBIC Link/Act, Speed, System Performance Switching Capacity 5.6 Gbps, non-blocking Forwarding Rate 4.17 Mpps wire-speed performance Layer 2 MAC table size 8K Number of VLANs 256 active VLANs (4096 range) VLAN Port-based and 802.1Q Tag-based VLANs Management VLAN HOL Blocking Head of line blocking prevention Management Web User Interface Built-in Web UI for easy browser-based configuration (HTTP/HTTPS) SNMP SNMP version 1, 2c, 3 with support for traps.

SNMP MIBs

RFC1213 MIB-2, RFC2863 Interface MIB, RFC2665 Ether-like MIB,RFC1493 Bridge MIB, RFC2674 Extended Bridge MIB (P-bridge, Q-bridge),RFC2819 RMON MIB (groups 1,2,3,9 only), RFC2737 Entity MIB,RFC 2618 RADIUS Client MIB RFC 1215 Traps. RMON Embedded Remote Monitoring (RMON) software agent supports four RMON groups (history, statistics, alarms, and events) for enhanced traffic management, monitoring, and analysis. Firmware Upgrade Web browser upgrade (HTTP) and TFTP Port Mirroring Traffic on a port can be mirrored to another port for analysis with a network analyzer or RMON probe. Other Management Traceroute Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Secure Shell (SSH) RADIUS Port mirroring TFTP upgrade SSL security for Web UI DHCP client BootP SNTP Xmodem upgrade Cable diagnostics PING Telnet client (SSH secure support) Security IEEE 802.1X 802.1X - RADIUS Authentication. MD5 Encryption Access Control ACLs - Drop or rate limit based on: Source and destination MAC-based Source and destination IP address Protocol TOS/DSCP Port VLAN Ethertype

Caracteristici tehnice Switch Zyxel ES108A

System Standard Compliance IEEE802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet ANSI/IEEE802.3 Auto-negotiation IEEE802.3x Flow Control Data transfer rates Ethernet 10M/20Mbps (half/full duplex) Fast Ethernet 100M/200M (half/full duplex) Interface 8 10/100BASE-T Ethernet ports Network Cables 10BASE-T: UTP Cat.3, 4, 5 (100 m) EIA/TIA-586 100-ohm STP (100 m) 100BASE-TX: UTP Cat.5 (100 m max.) EIA/TIA-568 100-ohm STP (100 m)

Media Interface Exchange MDI-II/MDI-X auto-adjustment for each port System Requirement Network card for each PC Network Cables Status LED Per Port : Link/Activity Per unit: PWR Performance Back plane Non-Blocking full wire-speed forwarding rate: 1.6Gbps. Packet Forwarding Rate 14880PPS for 10BASE-T 148800PPS for 100BASE-TX Switching Method: Store-and-forward Data Buffer: 768Kb MAC Address Table : 1K entries Physical Specifications Dimensions: 6" (W) x 3.4" (D) x 1" (H) / 154.5(W) x 85(D) x 26(H) mm Weight: 12oz / 340g Environmental Specifications Power supply : 5VDC 0.6A Power consumption: 2.75W (max) Operating temperature: 32F ~ 122F / 0C ~ 50C Operating humidity : 10% to 90%, non-condensing Certification FCC Class B CE C-Tick

Caracteristici Tehnice Patch panel optic ODF 2U

Patch panel optic ODF 2U (pt rack 19") echipat cu 24 adaptori GB-B-24 SC-PC Patch panel optic ODF 2U (pt rack 19") echipat cu 24 adaptori SC-PC si usa transparenta. Fiber Optic Distribution Unit with 19" 2U Standard Frame, Maximum capacity of 24 fibers Feature: Dimension (L x W x H): 480 x 300 x 2U 19" 2U standard frame Available for FC, SC and ST adapter The Capacity can up to 24 fibers

Caracteristicile cablului FTP CAT5

FTP: Foiled Twisted Pair (Cablu cu perechi rsucite n folie) Cablul FTP este un cablu UTP n care conductorii sunt nvelii ntr-o folie exterioar de ecranare n scopul protejrii mpotriva interferenelor externe. Folia exterioar are, de asemenea, rolul de conductor de mpmntare, in plus cel folosit de catre firma DIGITAL CABLE SYSTEM are si un cablu metalic exterior (ancora) pentru ancorarea cablului de stalpii de sustinere. Cat.5 Categoria 5 a fost proiectat pentru a oferi o nalt integritate a semnalului. Odat cu introducerea n anul 2001 a standardului TIA/EIA-568-B, categoria 5 a devenit perimat i a fost nlocuit de categoria 5e. Specificaiile iniiale pentru cablul cat.5 au fost definite n ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A, cu clarificri n TSB-95. Aceste documente precizau caracteristicile de performan i cerinele de testare pentru frecvene de pn la 100MHz. Cablul cat.5 includea patru

perechi rsucite ntr-o cma i a fost utilizat n mod deosebit n reelele de 100Mbps, precum 100BASE-TX Ethernet, dei IEEE 802.3ab definea standarde pentru 1000BASE-T - Gigabit Ethernet pe cablu cat.5. Cablul cat.5 avea 3 rsuciri la fiecare ol (2,54 cm) de cablu de cupru AWG 24. O alt caracteristic important este c firele sunt izolate cu fluoretilen-propilen (FEP) - plastic cu dispersie redus; cu alte cuvinte, constanta dielectric a plasticului nu depinde n mare msur de frecven. A fost acordat, de asemenea, atenie deosebit minimizrii dezacrodurilor de impedan la punctele de conexiune. Cablurile cat.5 au fost n principal utilizate n cablarea structurat a reelelor de date, precum Fast Ethernet, dar au avut aplicaie i n transportul altor semnale, de exemplu servicii de telefonie de baz, reele token ring i ATM (cu viteze de pn la 155 Mbps, pe distane scurte). Pentru conectarea cablului cat.5 se utilizau aproape ntotdeauna conectori RJ-45.

Conectorul RJ-45 si conexiunile Patch si Crossover

Bibliografie Linksys (by CISCO) SRW208G ethernet switch http://www-ro.linksys.com/servlet/Satellite? blobcol=urldata&blobheadername1=ContentType&blobheadername2=ContentDisposition&blobheadervalue1=application %2Fpdf&blobheadervalue2=inline%3B+filename %3DSRW208G_ds %252C0.pdf&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=11 93773401620&ssbinary=true&lid=5839488592B03 ZyXEL Desktop Ethernet Switch cu management http://us.zyxel.com/products/details.aspx? PC1indexflag=20040520161143&CategoryGroupNo=AEC4DB7B0E8C-4842-9964-36DC86261850 Media Convertoare http://www.braungroup.ro/mc331sm-wdm-fast-ethernet-mediaconverter-0 Patch panel optic ODF 2U (pt rack 19") echipat cu 24 adaptori http://www.braungroup.ro/patch-panel-optic-odf-2u-pt-rack-19echipat-cu-24-adaptori