ARU Workbook English 1 To 10

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CEDS ENGLISH
2011

ENGLISH
1-5
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Designed and Written by
Omar Gil
and
Catherinne Fion

Artwork by
Carlo Aresti

Voice and Communication
Designed and Written by
Lis Conde
and
Mafith DaCosta

Edited by
John Glasgow

CEDS ENGLISH
Custom English Design Services S.A.
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4 Ave. A 21-25, Zone 14, Guatemala City
(502) 2363-2475 / (502) 2368-3267
Guatemala
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CEDS ENGLISH
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Chapter 1

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Chapter 11

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Section 1 Nice to Meet You!
1

Section 1 Our Company is Great!
53
Chapter 2

Chapter 12

Section 1 The Computer Is On!
4

Section 1 Do you Come on
Tuesday?
58
Section 2 The Invoices Are Here.
8

Short Answers

Section 3 The Men Are My Friends.
10

Chapter 13

Section 4 I Speak English and
Spanish.
13

Section 1 He Checks the Checks.
63
Chapter 3

Chapter 14

Section 1 What Is Your Name?
16

Section 1 No, I Dont Work Here.
66
Chapter 4

Chapter 15

Section 1 One, Two, Three
19

Section 1 One Hundred Reasons to
Learn English
70
Chapter 5

Section 1 What Time Is It?
22

Chapter 6

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Chapter 16

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Section 1 Hes in the Office.
29
Section 1 First Come, First Served.
77
Chapter 7

Chapter 17

Section 1 She Studies and Works.
32
Section 1 Classes Begin in May.
81
Section 2 Where Are You From?
35

Chapter 18

Chapter 8

Section 1 What Do You Do?
85
Section 1 I Am the Manager.
40

Chapter 19

Chapter 9

Section 1 I Always Study at Night. 87
Section 1 I Study in the Afternoon.
43

Chapter 10

Section 1 Her Job is Exciting!
46

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 20

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Chapter D

A
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&

P
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c
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Section 1 Read the Directions,
Please.
93
Section 1 Vowel/Consonant
Combination 2
137
Chapter 21

Section 2 Vowel Sound 7
140
Section 1 We Planned the Project.
96
Section 3 Consonant Combination 3
142
Chapter 22

Section 1

She Ordered the Supplies
Yesterday.
100

Chapter E

Chapter 23

Section 1 Consonant Sound 5
146
Section 1

You Had Lunch Here,
Right?
104
148
Chapter 24

Section 1 I Didnt Know That!
107

Chapter 25

Section 1 Did You Get my Message?
110

Chapter A

A
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P
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English 1

R
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f
o
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c
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m
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t

A
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Section 1 The th Sounds
117
Reinforcement Activities.
152
Chapter B

English 2

121
165
Section 2 Consonant Sound 1a
123

English 3

Chapter C

171
Section 1 Consonant Sound 1b
124

English 4

130
176
133

English 5

182

Tables

A
p
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196

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Chapter 1 Section 1: Nice to Meet You!
Objectives
At the end of this chapter you will be able to:
Use greetings and farewells.
Make introductions.
Practice your English communicative skills.

Essential Expressions
To be polite use:

Titles
Formal:

Male Single Female Married Female
Female
(Single? Married?)
Mr. (Mister) Miss Mrs. (Missus) Ms.
Mr. Nick Smith
Mr. Johnson
Mr. Nick
Miss Marks
Miss Lisa Marks
Miss Lisa
Mrs. Nora Davis
Mrs. Davis
Mrs. Nora
Ms. Susan Brown
Ms. Brown
Ms. Susan

Introductions
When you meet somebody use an introduction.

For You To Introduce Another Person To Introduce Other People
My name is.
I am.
Id like you to meet. Id like you to meet . and.

To Respond to an Introduction
Nice to meet you [too].
Its a pleasure to meet you [too].

Mr. Jackson: Hello!
Mrs. Glimmer: Good morning.
My name is Janet Glimmer.
Mr. Jackson: Nice to meet you.
I am David Jackson.
Ms. Glimmer: Its a pleasure to meet you.
Greetings Farewells
Hello
Hi
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
Bye
I will talk to you later
See you tomorrow
Have a nice day
Good bye
Good night
Hi !
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Activity 1
Circle the correct expressions in each group.
.
Greetings: Goodbye , Hello! , Good Morning

Introductions: My name is ___ , I am___ , I will talk to you later.

Farewells: Goodbye , Nice to meet you , I will talk to you later.

Activity 2
In the space, write:

1. 4 greetings
(2 with time of day)

2. 2 introductions

3. 2 farewells

Activity 3
Write in the line:
greeting
introduction, or
farewell

1. Hello.

2. Good afternoon.

3. Goodbye.

4. Good evening.

5. Its a
pleasure to
meet you.

6. Nice to meet you.

7. My name is
Jack.

8. I am Lisa.

9. I will talk to
you later.

10. Good morning.

THINKING RESPONSIBLY

Turn off the lights and any machines you are
not using. Help preserve the planet.
Source: centraRSE

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Activity 4
Circle the mistakes.

1. Good hello, Mr. Harris.
2. Good evening, Mr. Margaret.
3. Hello, Linda Miller.
4. See you tomorrow, Mr. John.
5. Have a good day, Mr. Pamela White.

Activity 5
Complete the conversation.

my name is
good afternoon
I am
Its a pleasure to meet you.
I will talk to you later.

Jack: Hello. ____________ Jack Wilson.
Richard: ____________ Jack. ____________ Richard
Davies.
Jack: Nice to meet you, Richard.
Richard: ____________ Jack.
Jack: ____________ Richard.

Activity 6
Complete the conversation.

good afternoon,
Id like you to meet,
Its a pleasure to meet you,
good bye,
hello,
my name is,

Mrs. Miller: ______________!
Secretary: ______________Mrs. Miller.
______________ Katherine Davis.
______________Mr. Jonson.
Mr. Jonson: Good afternoon Mrs. Miller. ______________.
Mrs. Miller: Good afternoon Mr. Jonson, nice to meet you too.
Mr. Jonson: Good bye Mrs. Miller.
Mrs. Miller: ______________ Mr. Jonson.
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Chapter 2 Section 1: The Computer Is On!
Objectives
Identify important objects in your office.
Write the names of important objects.
Say the names of important objects.
Understand when someone says the name of an important object.

Activity 1
Name the objects in the picture.

Nouns
A noun names a thing, a place, or a person.

Things Places People
chair
desk
telephone
computer
clock
lamp
office
house
university
garage
street
Chicago
receptionist
teacher
manager
secretary
Karen
Peter

Common and Proper Nouns
Proper nouns name a specific thing, place, or idea. Proper Nouns begin with a capital letter.

Common Proper
book
house
country
city
man
doctor
United States Constitution
Louvre Museum
Canada
Tokyo
Steven
Nancy Evans

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Activity 2
Match the nouns with the pictures.

1. desk
2. chair
3. lamp
4. telephone
5. clock

Activity 3
Write the correct noun next to the picture.

Activity 4
Circle the nouns.

garden speak street Guatemala America garage park classroom read
marker book television door go house pizza run notebook clock
friend mother doctor my engineer teacher Nora Fredric secretary hot
bathroom beautiful mall city Guatemala Canada office good
talk Internet chair desk the hamburger window folder

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Activity 5
Write the nouns.

0. kdes desk
1. hicar
2. eeohtnelp
3. plam
4. tcmrpoeu
5. sieepttcioirn

Activity 6
Circle the nouns.

0. The receptionist types.
1. The door is open.
2. The telephone rings.
3. Sharon sits in the chair.
4. The computer is on.
5. The lamp is off.

Activity 7
Write a P for proper nouns or a C for common nouns.

1. telephone C

2. America
3. Thelma

4. filing cabinet
5. chair

6. Paris
7. Susan

8. dog
9. receptionist

10. Allen

.
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Activity 8
Identify the nouns in the picture.

chair

Activity 9
Write more examples.

COMMON
THINGS PLACES PEOPLE

PROPER
THINGS PLACES PEOPLE

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Chapter 2 Section 2: The Invoices Are Here.
Objectives
Use the to identify specific objects.
Use a to identify objects in general.
Use an to identify objects in general that start with a vowel sound.

Articles
Articles tell you if a noun is specific or general.

the a
Specific General
the book
the manager
the teacher
the computer
the classroom

a book
a manager
a teacher
a computer
a classroom

an
an assignment
an occasion
an umbrella
an article
an email

Do Not Use a or an With Plural Nouns
a managers
a computers
an articles

Activity 1
Write the nouns in the correct column.

invoice, speech, report, invitation, camera, hour, phone, door, email, envelope

a an
a camera an envelope

.
Nouns beginning with a vowel.
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Activity 2
Complete the sentences with a or the.

0. The__ invoices are on the table.
1. I like ______ books you read.
2. He drinks ______ cup of coffee.
3. ______ offices are not open today.
4. Use ______ dictionary in school.
5. ______ sales report is very interesting.

Activity 3
Complete the sentences with a or an.

0. I need an envelope.
1. He works in ______ office.
2. I read ______ story.
3. Anna sends ______ email
4. The secretary corrects ______ letter.
5. You read ______ article in the newspaper.

Activity 4
Circle the correct option.

0. The client wants (a an) cup of coffee.
1. Marissa has (a - an) new computer.
2. I need (a - an) red pen.
3. Angie and Claire finish (the an) report.
4. We have (the - an ) big desk.
5. Jill wants (a - an) assistant.

Activity 5
Write sentences with articles, use words from Activity 1.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
invoice, speech, report, invitation, camera, hour, phone, door, email, envelope
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Chapter 2 Section 3: The Men Are My Friends.
Objectives
Identify nouns in their plural form.
Change singular nouns into their plural form.
Learn the most important irregular plural forms.

Noun Plurals
To form regular plurals in English add an s.

Type Add
Singular
Nouns
Plural
Forms
Ending in:
a Consonant
+s
book
teacher
window
computer
books
teachers
windows
computers
Ending in:
consonant + y
+ys
+ies
university
city
lady
universities
cities
ladies
Ending in:
ch
sh
s
x
+es
watch
wish
class
fax
watches
wishes
classes
faxes
Ending in:
o
+es
volcano
tomato
volcanoes
tomatoes

Important
Irregular Plurals
Singular
Nouns
Plural
Forms
person
woman
man
child
people
women
men
children

Chair - Chairs
Brush - Brushes
Boss - Bosses
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Activity 1
Write the plural of the underlined word.

0. I have two English teacher. teachers
1. I use two pen, one red and one blue.
2. The child are playing.
3. Karl and Joe are best friend.
4. The company train their employees.
5. Barbara cooks potato for lunch.

Activity 2
Circle the correct form of the plural.

0. He eats lunch with two (ladys-ladies).
1. The computers are in the (boxs- boxes).
2. He needs two (brushes- brushs) to paint the wall.
3. The student reads two (books bookes).
4. The company has two (owners owneres).
5. Rachel balances the (accountes-accounts).

Activity 3
Match the sentences on the left with the sentences on the right. Follow the example.

Activity 4
Write the correct form of the plural. Follow the example.

0. The receptionist has three phone. phones
1. The car has two key.
2. The chair are in the conference room.
3. The new product are popular.
4. The beach in America are beautiful.
I have to write
the tables.
The reports are

ready for review.
She uses the computer

in the library.
The waiter cleans

two stories for tomorrow.
The books are

at the office.
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5. The client are in the office.
-
Activity 5
Write the correct plurals.

Change your light bulbs. Compact fluorescent
light bulbs save about 75% in energy consumption.

Source: centraRSE


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Chapter 2 Section 4: I Speak English and Spanish.
Objectives
Understand the functions of conjunctions.
Use the conjunction and in context.
Use the conjunction or in context.

Conjunctions
Conjunctions join nouns, phrases or sentences.

Conjunction
and
Meaning:
Addition

Nouns, Phrases Sentences
Martin and Mary
The secretary and the assistant
My math book and my dictionary
The scanner and the printer
The new employees and the manager
I write the documents and she corrects the spelling.
Neil comes to class and he brings his computer.
We listen to the teacher and we take notes.
The man drives his car and he listens to music.
You read the document and you make a summary.

Conjunction
or
Meaning:
Alternative

Nouns, Phrases Sentences
Richard or Bill
The secretary or the assistant
My math book or my language book
The car or the motorcycle
The president or the manager
I write the documents or I correct the spelling.
Neil comes to class or he works at home.
We listen to the teacher or we listen to music.
The man drives his car or he takes a taxi.
You read the book or you read a newspaper.

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There are chairs and tables
I will buy
vegetables
or fruits.
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Activity 1
Write and/ or to finish the sentence.

0. I speak English and Spanish.
1. I eat breakfast, lunch ____ dinner every day.
2. You choose coffee ____ tea for your breakfast.
3. He works ____ studies at the same time.
4. The product is good ____ popular too.
5. Mario ____ Julio are friends.

-Activity 2
Complete the sentences by writing the correct letter in the space.

0. Lester uses the printer C
A. is new and expensive.
1. She looks great B. or granola in the mornings
2. The merchandise C. and the scanner.
3. I like to eat cereal D. or a review?
4. They are students E. and feels great too!
5. e have an exam F. or teachers.

Activity 3
Write 5 sentences using and/ or. Follow the examples.

1. I like to swim and run.
2. Call Donna or Gaby.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Activity 4
Write 5 sentences. Follow the example.

0. Food/eat/or I eat chicken or steak.
1. Animals/like/and
2. Products/buy/or
3. House/stay/and
4. Family/love/and
5. Office/work/or
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-
Activity 5
Write and/ or to finish the sentence.

0. (Choose day) She comes on Tuesday __or__ Wednesday.
1. (Buy two vehicles) I buy a car _____ a truck.
2. (Choose clothing) Use the dress_____ the pants.
3. (Write two letters) I write Carla_____ Pedro a letter.
4. (Choose to contact by email or phone) I call _____ send an email.
5. (Talk with both clients) He talks with Mr._____ Mrs. Castillo.

Activity 6
Write the sentences in order.

0. I clients or call visit I call or visit clients.
1. doctor the call the or nurse I
2. a read book a or newspaper You
3. and buy coffee breakfast We
4. and There motorcycles are cars
5. are and Dogs pets cats

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Chapter 3 Section 1: What is your name?
Objectives
Use common questions.
Respond to common questions.

Essential Expressions
Read the list. Which things are important to know?

Common Questions

Jobs Countries Places
accountant
assistant
consultant
manager
messenger
programmer
secretary

Australia
Canada
England
France
Germany
Japan
The United States

bank
classroom
conference room
factory
office
university
warehouse

name
first name
last name
nationality
age
married/single
address
company
hobbies
job
university
pets
Questions Answers
What is your name?
What is your last name?
What do you do?
What is this?
Where do you work?
Where do you study?
Where are you from?
Where are you?
Who is your secretary?
Are you married or single?
How old are you?
My name is Peter Harris.
My last name is Harris.
Im a manager.
Its a computer.
I work at ___.
I study at ___.
Im from Italy.
Im in the classroom.
Ms. Allen is my secretary.
Im single.
Im 25 [years old].
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Activity 1
Match the words with the pictures.

where what who

Activity 2
Write the correct letter in the column.

1. Where do you work?

A. My name is John.
2. Where do you study?

B. I work in a bank.
3. Are you married or single?

C. Im married.
4. What do you do?

D. Im 30 years old.
5. How old are you?

E. I study here.
6. What is your last name?

F. My last name is Smith.
7. What is your name?

G. Im a programmer.

Make signs that say Dont forget to turn off the lights. Hang
them next to the light switches people forget to turn off.
Source: centraRSE


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Activity 3
Order the words to write questions.

1. name what your is last?
2. you what do do?
3. you where do work?
4. or are you married single?
5. you how old are?

Activity 4
Write the correct words.

where, name, what, last, is

1. What is your _________?
2. What is your _________name?
3. _________do you do?
4. What _________this?
5. _________do you work?

Activity 5
Write the correct words.

my, manager, Canada, a, in

1. Im a _________.
2. Its _________computer.
3. Im from _________.
4. Im _________the classroom.
5. Ms. Allen is _________secretary.

Complete the Answers.
1. 1. My last name is ____________.
2. 2. Im a ____________.
3. 3. I work in ____________.
4. 4. Im ____________.
5. 5. Im ____________ years old.
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Chapter 4 Section 1: One, Two, Three
Objectives
Correctly use the numbers 1 to 20.
Write the numbers 1 to 20 in letters.

Vocabulary
From 1 to 20.

Activity 1
Write the numbers.

one 1

eighteen

eleven 11

twenty

three

two

seven

four

nine

twelve

thirteen

five

fifteen

seventeen

six

eight

Activity 2
Write the correct numbers in letters:

.

From 0 to 10 From 11 to 20
0 zero / oh 11 eleven
1 one 12 twelve
2 two 13 thirteen
3 three 14 fourteen
4 four 15 fifteen
5 five 16 sixteen
6 six 17 seventeen
7 seven 18 eighteen
8 eight 19 nineteen
9 nine 20 twenty
10 ten
0. ___fifteen_ (15) offices.
1. __________(1) receptionist.
2. __________(3) chairs. 3. __________(12) filing cabinets.
4. __________(10) telephones. 5. __________(19) clocks.
three boxes
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Activity 3
Complete the questions and answers.

3+9=? 3+9=12
Whats __three_ and _nine_? _Three_ and _nine_ is _twelve_.
12+1=? 12+1=13
Whats ________and_________?
_______and ________is
________.
7+8=? 7+8=15
Whats ________and_________?
_______and ________is
________.
10+6=? 10+6=16
Whats ________and_________?
_______and ________is
________.
4+5=? 4+5=9
Whats ________and_________?
_______and ________is
________.
4+13=? 4+13=17
Whats ________and_________?
_______and ________is
________.

Activity 4
Write the answer in letters.

ten + two =
twelve

thirteen + four =

two + five =

six + eight =
one + nineteen =

three + fifteen =

Activity 5
Write the correct number in letters for each box. Follow the example.

______two______

_________________

_________________

_________________
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_________________

_________________

Activity 6
Write the correct number for each box.

_____twelve_____

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________


Remember to unplug your cell phone charger. It
consumes electricity even without your cell phone.
Source: centraRSE

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Chapter 5 Section 1: What Time Is It?
Objectives
Understand and use days of the week.
Understand and use time expressions.
Use prepositions on and at with time.

Days of the Week

Telling Time

Common Time Questions Possible Answers
What time is it?
What time is it in Chicago?

At what time is the class?
At what time is the appointment?

Its nine oclock. (9:00)
Its one oclock. (1:00)
Its two oclock. (2:00)
-
At ten oclock. (10:00)
At six oclock. (6:00)
At three oclock. (3:00)
Its ten thirteen. (10:13)
Its two ten. (2:10)
Its three oh seven. (3:07)
-
At eleven fifteen. (11:15)
At twelve eighteen. (12:18)
At three oh five. (3:05)

Days of the Week
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Never Always
sunday
tuesday
friday
Sunday
Tuesday
Friday
What time is it?
Its three oclock.
I work on Mondays.
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Prepositions of Time
Use prepositions to indicate a relation.

Preposition at

Preposition on
For Hours For Days
at 11:00
at 7:00
at 12:15
at 3:05
at night
at noon (12:00 P.M.)
at midnight (12:00 A.M.)

on Monday
on Tuesday
on Wednesday
on Thursday
on Friday
on Saturday
on Sunday

Activity 1
Write the days of the week in order.

Friday, Tuesday, Sunday, Monday, Thursday
Wednesday, Saturday.

Monday

Sunday

Activity 2
Write the days of the week correctly.

Monnday

Monday

Fryday

tuesdai

saturday

Wensday

Sonday

Tuhrsday

.

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Activity 3
Write the times.

10:05

ten oh __________
12:15

__________fifteen
4:16

four __________
8:09

eight __________nine
9:10

__________ten
11:13

eleven __________
4:00

four __________
3:20

three __________
.

Activity 4
Write questions and answers.

0. ? 10:20 What time is it?

Its ten twenty.
1. ? 6:15

2. ? 8:05

3. ? 1:00

4. ? 12:13

5. ? 3:16

.
Activity 5
Complete the sentences with on or at.

1. Jennifer works _______ Monday and Tuesday.
2. I call the suppliers _______ 7:00.
3. You study _______ Saturday.
4. The client comes _______ 4:15.
5. The secretary rests _______ noon.

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Activity 6
Fill in the blanks with appropiate words.

1. He works on ____________.
2. I read it ____________ Saturday.
3. You rest on ____________.
4. The doctor comes at ____________.
5. My friend comes on ____________.
6. I call at ____________.

On a hot day, remember to use fans instead of air
conditioners. Fans use a lot less electricity.
Source: centraRSE

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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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Chapter 6 Section 1: Hes in the Office.
Objectives
Name all the nominative pronouns.
Identify and understand the meaning for each nominative pronoun.
Use nominative pronouns to create correct sentences.
Add s to the singular third person conjugation.

Activity 1
Review: Write 3 more words in each column.

names people animals things male female
Joseph doctor dog chair father lady

.

Nominative Pronouns
A nominative pronoun tells you the actor in a sentence.

Nominative
Pronouns
Can Take the Place of Examples
s
i
n
g
u
l
a
r

I
you
she
he
it

---
---
a singular female
a singular male
a thing or animal
---
---
Linda, my sister, the doctor
Joseph, your father, the teacher
my desk, the school, the cat
p
l
u
r
a
l

we
you
they
a group that includes I
a group that includes you
a group that does NOT include I or you
Ted and I, the team and I
you and the team, you and Ben
the employees, my colleagues
.

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Activity 2
Underline the nominative pronouns.

1. Mary - I - what - in - she
2. You - hello - they - and - or
3. at - on - Monday - he - we
4. you - one - eight - time - It

Activity 3
Draw a picture to represent each nominative pronoun.

she it they he

.
you (singular) I you (plural) we

.
Activity 4
Circle the correct nominative pronouns.

The secretary reads my documents. 0. (She/You) reads my documents.
The book is blue. 1. (He/It) is blue.
The dog walks. 2. (They/It ) walks.
You and Bill are very intelligent. 3. (You/We) are very intelligent.
Daniel and I are in the bank. 4. (He/We) are in the bank.
Charles and Martha come to work. 5. (You/They) come to work.

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Activity 5
Change the nominative pronoun to a noun and rewrite each sentence.

She is twenty years old.
0. Lisa is twenty years old.
They work in the morning. 1.
We study mathematics. 2.
He reads an article. 3.
It is red. 4.
You are cousins. 5.

.

Activity 6
Write the correct nominative pronouns.

0. John and Bob are supervisors.
0. They are supervisors.
1. The supervisor is in Mexico. 1. _________is in Mexico.
2. The report is ready. 2. _________is ready.
3. The woman works in the office. 3. _________works in the office.
4. The students come at 3:00 p.m. 4. _________come at 3:00 p.m.
5. Juan and I are friends. 5. _________are friends.

.

Activity 7
Circle the correct letter for the nominative pronoun.

0. Thomas is a student. ____ is a student.
a. He
b. She

1. Laura and John are friends. ____ are
friends.
a. We
b. They

2. The school is closed. ____ is closed.
a. It
b. You

3. ____ works on Saturdays. I
dont
a. He
b. I

4. The dog is big. ____ is big.
a. It
b. We

5. The book is interesting. ____ is
interesting.
a. It
b. They

www.cedsgt.com
Chapter 7 Section 1: She Studies and Works.
Objectives
Learn the use of the simple present tense.
Reinforce the third person conjugation in the simple present tense.
Use spelling rules to correctly transform verbs into their third person form.

Third Person Conjugation
Spelling varies when you add s.
Verb Ending Add
Base
Form
Third Person
Singular
Most Verbs +s
work
play
write
read
works
plays
writes
reads
Ending in
consonant + y
y
+ies
carry
try
study
carries
tries
studies
Ending in:
ch
sh
s
x
es
catch
wash
kiss
fix
catches
washes
kisses
fixes

Activity 1
Match the sentences on the left with the sentences on the right. Follow the example.

The client asks
at the office.
She works

calls the clients.
The teacher

reads the book.
The secretary

for the receipt.
The fire alarm sounds

gives the lesson.
The student

very loud.
They work on Saturday.

Brian works in the morning.
David works in the afternoon.

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-Activity 2
Choose the form of the verb that correctly completes the sentence.

0. The assistant answers____ the phone. (answer- answers)
1. We _____________ the lesson. (understand - understands)
2. Claudia ____________the paper. (read - reads)
3. Cecilia and Paula __________ to music. (listen - listens)
4. The car ________ good. (look - looks)
5. My teacher __________ slowly. (speak - speaks)

Activity 3
Write the correct form of the verb.

0. The computer __ works very fast. (work)
1. He _______ to win. (try)
2. Keith _______ TV. (watch)
3. Anna _______ in the university. (study)
4. He _______ the invoices. (write)
5. The bird _______ in the sky. (fly)

Activity 4
Write the correct form of the verb.

0. The teacher ___asks___ the questions. (ask)
1. Maria and Ben ______________the question. (understand)
2. The pineapple ______________delicious. (taste)
3. The secretary ______________the report. (type)
4. The team and I _____________the museum. (visit)
5. The engineer ______________the budget. (send)

Activity 5
Write a complete sentence. Follow the example.

0. Anna/write/the report. Anna writes the report.
1. Pedro/ talk/to me.
2. He/ identify/ the mistake.
3. The football player/ kick/ the ball.
4. The receptionist/answer/the phone.
5. The photographer/take/pictures.
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Activity 6
Write complete sentences.

0. He (go).
He goes to the office in the mornings.
1. Sarah (leave)..
2. The manager (talk)..
3. I (g0)..
4. The car (move).
5. My friends (call).

-
Activity 7
Circle the mistake. Write the correct sentence.

0. She read emails at night.
She reads emails at night.
1. They sees the movie.
2. You talks to a friend.
3. We understands the teacher.
4. On Sunday, she rest.
5. My dog and I walks on the street.


Close you curtains on very hot days to keep the hot air out.
You will save on air conditioning energy.
Source: centraRSE

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Page 35
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Chapter 7 Section 2: Where Are You From?
Objectives
Learn names of countries and cities in English.
Identify and use vocabulary related to areas of business operations.
Use common questions related to geography and business sectors.

Locations and Operations
To tell about things:

Thing Verb + From Location
The package
The document
The freight
The letter
The contract
The proposal
The quote

arrives from
leaves from
comes from
flies from

Asia.
Central America.
Europe.
North America.

Australia.
Brazil.
Canada.
Germany.
India.
Mexico.
The United States.

the doctors office.
the government office.
the law office.
the sales agency.
the advertising agency.
the manufacturer.
the plant.
the sales agency.
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To tell about a person:

Person Verb Thing From / To Location
The accountant
The administrator
The director
The doctor
The engineer
The financial officer
The lawyer
The sales manager
The sales representative
The supervisor
The teacher
The technician
imports ( from)
receives (from)
exports (to)
sends (to)
the contract
the document
the freight
the letter
the package
the proposal
the products
the quote
from
to
Asia.
Central America.
Europe.
North America.

Australia.
Brazil.
Canada.
Germany.
India.
Mexico.
The United States.

the doctors office.
the law office.
the sales agency.
the advertising agency.
the manufacturer.
the plant.
the sales agency.

-

EXAMPLES
1. The package arrives from Asia.
2. The document arrives from Central America.
3. The freight leaves from Europe.
4. The letter leaves from India.
5. The quote comes from the advertising agency.
EXAMPLES
1. The accountant imports the freight from Asia.
2. The director receives the package from Brazil.
3. The lawyer exports the products to Germany
4. The technician exports the quote to the manufacturer.
5. The financial officer sends the letter to the government office.
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Page 37
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Common Question: Where are you from?
Where are you
from?
I am from
Central America.
Europe.

Canada.
India.
The United States.

the law office.
the sales agency.
the plant.
the sales agency.

Activity 1
Write the words.

1. orocdt doctor
2. tcrehae
3. Mxoeic
4. Aasi
5. qeotu
6. lrwaye

EXAMPLES
Where are
you from?
I am from Central America.
I am from Spain.
I am from India.
I am from the sales agency.
I am from the government office.
www.cedsgt.com

package
letter
quote
accountant
government office
plant
sales agency
financial officer
lawyer
advertising agency
manufacturer
technician
Asia
Central America
contract
North America
proposal
India
The United States
sales agency

Person Place Thing

Activity 3
Write the sentences in order

0. you from where are? Where are you from?
1. from letter India the comes.
2. technician the the sends contract the to
plant.

3. from I am the office law.
4. the quote office from leaves the.
5. the products the director imports from
India.

Activity 2
Write the words in the correct column.
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Page 39
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Activity 4
Circle the sentences that are incorrect.

1. The proposal arrives India.
2. Where from you?
3. The plant export the products to Germany.
4. The sales manager sends quote to Canada.
5. I am from the government office.

Activity 5
Write a sentence using each word.

0. leave

The package leaves from Europe.
1. sales representative

2. New York

3. freight

4. send

5. plant

-

Do not leave your TV or computer on when you are not using
it.
Source: centraRSE


www.cedsgt.com
Chapter 8 Section 1: I Am the Manager.
Objectives
Use the verb to be correctly in the simple present tense.
Identify and use verb to be conjugations correctly (am, is, are).
Use the verb to be correctly with nouns and nominative pronouns.

Verb To Be
Use the verb to be to tell about a state or condition.

Activity 1
Complete the sentences. Follow the example.

am, is, are

1. Linda __is___ my secretary.
2. He ______ in a meeting now.
3. I ______ very happy to see you!
4. Paul and Mary ______ in the bank.
Nominative
Pronoun
To Be:
am-is-are
Examples
I am I am in the office.
you are You are in the office.
she
he
it
is
She is in the office.
He is in the office.
It is in the office.
we
you
they
are
We are in the office.
You are in the office.
They are in the office.
Use To Be
to Tell about:
EXAMPLES
I she he
Names I am Elizabeth. She is Susan. He is Peter.
Locations I am in my house. She is in a mall. He is here.
Feelings I am tired. She is stressed. He is worried.
Descriptions I am the manager. She is the teacher. He is tall.
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5. It ______ Tuesday today.
6. They ______ in the car.

Activity 2
Circle the correct option.

1. Mary ( am / is / are ) the secretary.
2. I ( am / is / are ) a student.
3. John and Lucy ( am / is / are ) at school.
4. My name ( am / is / are ) James.
5. We ( am / is / are ) the administrative team.

Activity 3
Put the sentences in order.

0. years twenty-five am old I
I am twenty-five years old.
1. the is he messenger

2. is a Michael programmer

3. William Helen and happy are

4. is the tree green

Activity 4
Match the two parts of the sentences.

1. You are

A. a computer.
2. I am

B. a student.
3. He is

C. the manager.
4. They are

D. coworkers.
5. It is

E. two employees.

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Activity 5
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space.

1. Laura is a teacher.

A. She is a teacher.

B. He is a teacher.

2. Carol and Tom are lawyers.

A. We are lawyers.

B. They are lawyers.

3. The car is blue.

A. He is blue.

B. It is blue.

4. Jeff and I are accountants.

A. They are accountants.

B. We are accountants.

5. The manager is here.

C. She is here.

D. It is here.

Activity 6
Write complete sentences.

1. Anna/a receptionist.
Anna is a receptionist.
2. Allan and Vanessa / new employees.

3. The client / from Australia.

4. The document / in the car.

5. Joe / a good lawyer.


Do not waste water. We waste a lot of energy to clean dirty
water.
Source: centraRSE

www.cedsgt.com
Page 43
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2011
Chapter 9 Section 1: I Study in the Afternoon.
Objectives
Identify the parts of the day.
Use appropriate prepositions with the different parts of the day.
Use parts of the day with the simple present tense.
Express your activities for different parts of the day.

Parts of the Day
Parts of the day have names. You use in the and at before parts of the day.

Parts of the
Day
Prepositions:
in/at
Example Sentences
^
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
morning
in the
She works in the morning.
I come in the morning.
He is here in the morning.
The client calls in the morning.
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
afternoon
Susan studies in the afternoon.
You have lunch in the afternoon.
Brian reads in the afternoon.

6:00 PM
7:00 PM
evening I drive home in the evening.
L
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
10:00 PM
11:00 PM
12:00 PM
night at
Brenda sleeps at night.
The store closes at night.
You do homework at night.

I work in the
morning.
I study in the
afternoon.
I read a book
at night.
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Activity 1
Use in the or at to complete the sentences.

1. Jane takes her pills at _______.
2. Joshua does the homework in the _______.
3. The conference is in the _______, after breakfast.
4. Classes start in the _______ but end at _______.
5. In the _______, we take yoga classes.

Activity 3

0. I take a shower at the morning.
1. They work in the night.
2. You start your shift in morning.
3. She has a break at the afternoon.
4. He drinks tea in the night.
5. We eat lunch in afternoon.

Activity 4
Complete the sentences with in the or at.

1. I call the clients ________ afternoon.
2. We wake up ________ morning.
3. She sleeps ________ night.
4. Jason works________ morning and ________ night.
5. They have lunch ________ afternoon.
1. I exercise _______ morning.
2. We go to class _______ afternoon.
3. She calls Brian late _______ night.
4. Chris likes to drive _______ morning.
5. It is difficult to work _______ night.

Activity 2
Write morning, afternoon or night to complete the sentences.
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Page 45
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2011

.
Activity 6
Write what you eat in the morning, in the afternoon and at night. Follow the example.

Activity 7
Write 5 things you do during the day.

Activity 5
Unscramble the sentences.
0. read a book I night at

I read a book at night.
1. in run we mornings the

2. works he in afternoon the

3. morning the newspaper in they read the

4. afternoon Helen emails the in writes

5. English I at study night

0. I eat cereal in the morning.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
0. (morning): I drive in the morning.
1. (morning):
2. (morning):
3. (afternoon):
4. (afternoon):
5. (night):
6. (night):
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Chapter 10 Section 1: Her Job is Exciting!
Objectives
Understand the functions of Possessive Adjectives.
Structure Possessive Adjectives correctly in sentences.

Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives give information about possession.

Possessive
Adjectives

Nominative
Pronouns
Use before
a noun;
never alone
Examples

I
you
she
he
it
we
you
they
my
your
her
his
its
our
your
their
My name is Jeff.
Your car is in the garage.
Her office opens on Saturday.
His computer works well.
Its keyboard is broken.
Our company is small.
Your desks are in the back.
Their teacher is here.
my describes name
your describes car
her describes office
his describes computer
its describes keyboard
our describes company
your describes desks
their describes teacher

His name is Tom.
Her name is Sarah.
My office
is big.
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Activity 1
Write the correct possessive adjective.

1. ____ car is red. (I)
2. That is ____ computer. (She)
3. ____ expectations are high this year. (We)
4. ____ idea is exciting. (You)
5. ____ part is missing; it needs a new one. (It)

Activity 2
Write the correct possessive adjective.

1. (They) That is ____ responsibility.
2. (He) ____ report was not completed on time.
3. (It) The printer is not working, ____ cord is unplugged.
4. (We) ____ products are the best in the market.
5. (I) ____ garden has a lot of red roses.

Activity 3
Match the sentences.

She is a teacher.

Our priority is the client.
We are the best company.

His favorite sport is running.
They are busy.

My car is out of gas.
He is an athlete.

Their telephones ring all day!
I am late for work.

Her classes are always full.

Activity 4
Unscramble the sentences.

0. guarantee its great is

Its guarantee is great.
1. her these are markers
2. folders are those our
3. this notebook is your
4. office that their is
5. is my house that
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Activity 5
Circle the correct options.

1. ( You / Your ) call ( she / her ) assistant.

2. ( I / My ) car is in the parking lot.

3. ( We / Our ) work in ( we / our ) office.

4. ( They / Their ) house is in ( we / our ) neighborhood.

5. That is ( he / his ) pen.


Turn off the faucet. Faucets that drip waste 2,192 gallons of
water a year.
Source: centraRSE

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Page 49
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2011

NOTES
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NOTES
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2011

NOTES
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NOTES
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Chapter 11 Section 1: Our Company is Great!
Objectives
Use adjectives that describe size, color, weight, quality, sound, time and
distance.
Use adjectives before a noun.
Use adjectives after the verb to be.

Adjectives
Adjectives are used to describe a person, place or thing.

The agenda is big.
It is a big agenda.

The telephone is old.

It is an old telephone

In English, adjectives only have one form: No plural; No gender.

singular
plural
male
female
good
good
good
good
document
documents
man
woman

You write an adjective before a noun

Adjectives Nouns Correct Incorrect
bad
difficult
interesting
good
new
easy
old
profitable
business
client
company
customer
email
project
office
account
bad business
difficult client
interesting company
good customer
new email
easy project
old office
profitable account
business bad
client difficult
company interesting
customer good
email new
project easy
office old
account profitable

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or after the verb To Be.

Adjectives Nouns Examples
bad
difficult
interesting
good
new
easy
old
profitable
business
client
company
customer
email
project
office
account
The business is bad.
Your client is difficult.
Our company is interesting.
His customer is good.
The email is new.
Your projects are easy.
My offices are old.
Her accounts are profitable.

Important Adjectives
size color weight quality sound time distance
average
big
short
small
tall
black
blue
red
white
yellow
heavy
light

bad
excellent
fair
good
great
annoying
disturbing
loud
quiet
pleasant
early
late
far
close
nearby

Activity 1
Circle the adjectives.

1.
difficult, computer, good, is, the, bad

2.
in, and, interesting, chair, manager, new

3.
easy, desk, are, old, telephone, early
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Activity 2
Underline the adjective in the sentences.

0. The small computer is popular.
1. The old fax machine doesnt work.
2. She writes a bad report.
3. We eat at the new restaurant.
4. This new product is great.
5. The program is good.

Activity 3
Circle the mistakes. Write the correct sentences.

Activity 4
Underline the mistakes. Write the correct sentences.

0. The office new is modern.
The new office is modern.
1. The printer new is black.
2. This product obsolete is old.
3. The accountant is confident new.
4. The interesting class is.
5. The difficult homework is.
0. The bigs books are in the library.
The big books are in the library.
1. Dave and Ellen are very goods teachers.

2. We work in interestings companies.

3. The computers news work fast!

4. The pens reds are here.

5. The importants reports are ready.

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Activity 5
Write 3 or more adjectives to describe the following words.

Cell phone Car Computer Desk

Activity 6
Add an adjective to each sentence. Write the new sentences.

new, old, short, blue, interesting, small,
difficult, profitable, bad, good

1. The client is important.

The new client is important.
2. The computer works.

3. John gives a presentation.

4. I write the email.

5. She reads the report.

6. Jeff is in the office.

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Activity 7
Use adjectives to describe things in the picture.

.

A modern armchair. or The armchair is modern.

or

or

or

or

or

or

Energy efficient dishwashers help us save water. Dishwashers
use 37% less water than washing dishes by hand!
Source: centraRSE

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Chapter 12 Section 1: Do you Come on Tuesday?
Objectives
Use the auxiliary verb to do correctly in a sentence.
Use the auxiliary verb to do conjugations correctly (do, does) to make
questions.
Use the auxiliary verb to do conjugations correctly to make short answers.

Auxiliary To Do
Use the auxiliary verb to do to create questions.

Auxiliary
To Do
Forms
do
does

Auxiliary
Verb To Do
Nominative
Pronoun
Main
Verb
Question
Mark
Do
I
you
we
you
they
work
read
study
come
go
ask
know
answer
print
?
Does
he
she
it

Affirmative Sentences Questions
I answer the email.
You work on Monday.
He goes to the office.
She studies at night.
It prints the pages.
We ask questions.
You know the answers.
They come in the morning.
Do I answer the email?
Do you work on Monday?
Does he go to the office?
Does she study at night?
Does it print the pages?
Do we ask questions?
Do you know the answers?
Do they come in the morning?

IMPORTANT
CORRECT: Does she study at night?
INCORRECT: Does she studies at night?

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Short Answers
One way to answer a question is with a short answer.

Auxiliary
To Do
Forms
Affirmative Negative
do do not or dont
does does not or doesnt

Short Affirmative Answer

Short Negative Answers
Yes,
Nominative
Pronoun
do or
does
.

No,
Nominative
Pronoun
dont or
doesnt
.

Yes, I do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, he does.
Yes, she does.
Yes, it does.
Yes, you do.
Yes, we do.
Yes, they do.

No, I dont.
No, you dont.
No, he doesnt.
No, she doesnt.
No, it doesnt.
No, you dont.
No, we dont.
No, they dont.

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Activity 1
Match the pronoun with the correct form of the verb.

I

he do
they
she
we does
you

Activity 2
Underline the correct form of do.

0. (Do/Does) you like to wake up early in the morning?

1. (Do/Does) she know her way around the office?

2. (Does/Do) Roberto want to go to the meeting?

3. (Does/Do) they see the slides clearly?

4. (Do/Does) I work with the sales people today?

5. (Do/Does) I need a pass for that office?

Activity 3
Circle the incorrect question in the list.

1. Do you ask questions frequently?

2. Does Mr. Jones like to fix the computers?

3. Does he like to work hard?

4. Does they know I am here already?

5. Do we know how much we have?

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Activity 4
Write the words in the correct order to write questions.

1. always work you do the bus take to?

2. turn in time ? she reports on does

3. ? visit does the Dr. House patients

4. do together they at lunch sit?

5. ? office does the he way to the know

Activity 5
Circle the correct question in the list.

1. Do you sit in front of the boss?

2. Does they work all night?

3. Does I like to be first in everything?

4. Do she knows I am here?

5. Does we know our goals for this semester?

Activity 6
Complete the sentences using Do or Does.

1. _____ you know the answer?
2. _____ Carol have the invoices ready?
3. I like it, but _____ you like it?
4. _____ we sell that product?
5. _____ they have new products?

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Activity 7
Write questions. Follow the example.

1. Julie/send/emails?
Does Julie send emails?
2. we/offer/this product?

3. Jim/install/ the new system?

4. they/take/my class on Wednesday?

5. you/eat/ pork?

-
Activity 8
Write short affirmative AND negative answers.

Questions Affirmative answers Negative answers
Do you speak German?
Do you have a sister?
Do you like strawberries?
Do you like to watch movies?
Do you exercise?

-


To warm or defrost food, use the microwave not the stove.
Microwave ovens save 50% more energy than electric stoves.
Source: centraRSE

www.cedsgt.com
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Chapter 13 Section 1: He Checks the Checks.
Objectives
Identify words as verbs or nouns.
Identify and use nouns and verbs related to operations.

Verbs and Nouns
Some words can be nouns and verbs.

PROGRAM
noun verb
The program is complicated. Ruth programs the computer.

BALANCE
noun verb
Kevin calculates the balance. Betty balances the account.

CHECK
noun verb
We pay with checks. You check the process.

COPY
noun verb
She erases the old copy. She copies the document.

Her work is excellent! She works in the morning.

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Activity 1
Circle the verbs in the sentences.

1. Miriam sends the invoices.
2. I travel to Europe every year.
3. She pays her rent on Tuesday.
4. Carla programs the new software program.
5. Jonathan, Diego and Steward play golf.

Activity 2
Put the sentences in order.

race you in the marathon race

1.
basketball play we
2.
book pick a they
3.
I car morning my in the move
4.
he purchase the orders on order
5.

Activity 3
Write the words in the correct column.

program, computer, programmer, invoice, pay, sale,
car, drive, cook, write, writer, sit, purchase, sell, park

verbs nouns both

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Page 65
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Activity 4
Write sentences. Use words as nouns.

file

0. The file is incomplete.
lock

1.
phone

2.
plan

3.
practice

4.
test

5.

Activity 5
Write sentences. Use words as verbs.

file

0. File the purchase orders in this box.
lock

1.
phone

2.
plan

3.
practice

4.
test

5.


Do not keep the refrigerator door open. Close
it to keep the cold air inside!
Source: centraRSE

www.cedsgt.com
Chapter 14 Section 1: No, I Dont Work Here.
Objectives
Answer questions in the simple present tense.
Use auxiliary verb to do correctly.
Change sentences into answer structure correctly.

Complete Answers
Use complete answers to give more information.

Auxiliary
To Do
Forms
do do not or dont
does does not or doesnt

Questions Affirmative Answers Negative Answers
Do I call the client?
Do you work on Saturday?
Does he live in the city?
Does she speak Spanish?
Does it print in color?
Do we study the project?
Do you come in the afternoon?
Do they give credit?
Yes, you call the client.
Yes, I work on Saturday.
Yes, he lives in the city.
Yes, she speaks Spanish.
Yes, it prints in color.
Yes, you study the project.
Yes, we come in the afternoon.
Yes, they give credit.
No, you dont call the client.
No, I dont work on Saturday.
No, he doesnt live in the city
No, she doesnt speak Spanish.
No, it doesnt print in color.
No, you dont study the project.
No, we dont come in the afternoon.
No, they dont give credit.

Do I call the
client?
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Questions It Is Possible to Combine Answers.
Do I call the client?
Do you work on Saturday?
Does he live in the city?
Does she speak Spanish?
Does it print in color?
Do we study the project?
Do you come in the afternoon?
Do they accept checks?
Yes, you do. You call the client on Tuesday.
No, I dont. I work on Saturday.
Yes, he does. He lives in an apartment.
No, she doesnt. She speaks English.
No, it doesnt. It prints in black.
No, you dont. It is not important.
Yes, I do. I come at three oclock.
No, they dont. They take credit cards.

Activity 1
Match the questions with the answers.

Does it work? No, you dont have the report.
Do you understand the instructions? Yes, it tastes good!
Do we have the report? No, you dont have access.
Do I have access to the server? No, I dont understand them.
Does the pie taste good? Yes, it works perfectly.

Do you come in
the afternoon?
Yes, I do.
I come at
three oclock.
www.cedsgt.com
Activity 2
Write short affirmative or negative answers.

Questions Affirmative answers Negative answers
Do you like music? No, I dont.
Do you have a pet?
Does your office
have a fax machine?

Do you eat lunch at
your desk?

Does your team
have a leader?

Activity 3
Write complete true answers.

Questions Complete answers
Do you like music?
Do you have a pet?
Does your office have a fax
machine?

Do you eat lunch in your desk?
Does your team have a leader?

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Page 69
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2011
Activity 4
Complete the sentences with: dont, doesnt, or an X for nothing.

1. No, we _______ go to the gym on Saturday.

2. No, she _______ try to be more efficient.

3. No, it ________ work properly.

4. Yes, we ______ want to go to the concert.

5. No, you _______ go out after 6pm.

6. Yes, I ______ like to play golf.

7. No, I ______ give my personal information.

8. Yes, he ______ works very hard.

9. Yes, they ______ give their best.

10. Yes, my computer ______ turns on in two minutes.

Activity 5
Write creative answers.

Questions Answers
0. Do you use the Internet? No, I dont. The computers are damaged.
1. Does your car have insurance? No,
2. Do you like technology? Yes,
3. Does the secretary work today? Yes,
4. Do you read newspapers? No,
5. Do you eat breakfast? Yes,

www.cedsgt.com
Chapter 15 Section 1: One Hundred Reasons to Learn English...
Objectives
Name the cardinal numbers from 21-100 correctly.
Write the cardinal numbers from 21-100 correctly.

Cardinal Numbers
You know cardinal numbers from 1 to 20. It is time to learn numbers from 21 to
100.

Cardinal numbers from 31 to 99.
Follow the same pattern as numbers from 21 to 29.

0 zero - oh 11 eleven
1 one 12 twelve
2 two 13 thirteen
3 three 14 fourteen
4 four 15 fifteen
5 five 16 sixteen
6 six 17 seventeen
7 seven 18 eighteen
8 eight 19 nineteen
9 nine 20 twenty
10 ten
21
twenty-one
20
twenty
22
twenty-two
30
thirty
23
twenty-three
40
forty
24
twenty-four
50
fifty
25
twenty-five
60
sixty
26
twenty-six
70
seventy
27
twenty-seven
80
eighty
28
twenty-eight
90
ninety
29
twenty-nine
100
one hundred

I drive twenty-one
kilometers to work.
I am
thirty-two years
old.
We have fifty
new
products.
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Activity 1
Match the numbers on the left with the numbers on the right.

45 seventy-six
91 fifty-four
66 ninety-one
54 sixty-six
76 forty-five
.

Activity 2
Write the numbers in digits.

thirty-six 36

forty-one

fifty-four

ninety-two

ninety-eight

eighty-seven

seventy-six

thirty-three

sixty-seven

eighty-two

thirty-nine

sixty-five

.

Activity 3

thirsty-one forty-two fifty-one
sixty-three seventy four eighty-five
ninety-six twenty-seven tirty-eight
eihgty-nine one hundred seventy
fifty-four sixti ninety-two

Activity 4
Write the numbers in letters.

47 forty-seven 49

68 98
89

88

44

56

76

94

86

80

41

72

www.cedsgt.com
Activity 5
Complete the questions and answers.

31+23=54 _Thirty-one _ plus _twenty-three_ is _fifty-four_.
24+13=37
_____________ plus _____________is _____________.
37+58=95
_____________ plus _____________is _____________.
61+25=86
_____________ plus _____________is _____________.
54+19=73
_____________ plus _____________is _____________.
84+15=99
_____________ plus _____________is _____________.


Turn off your toys and video games when you are not using
them. This helps save batteries.
Source: centraRSE

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Page 73
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2011

NOTES
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NOTES
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2011

NOTES
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NOTES
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Page 77
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2011
Chapter 16 Section 1: First Come, First Served.
Objectives
Review the cardinal numbers.
Use the ordinal numbers 1
st
-31
st
.

Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal Numbers tell about order or sequence.

From 1
st
to 10
th
From 11
th
to 20
th
From 21
st
to 31
st

1
st
first 11
th
eleventh 21
st
twenty-first
2
nd
second 12
th
twelfth 22
nd
twenty-second
3
rd
third 13
th
thirteenth 23
rd
twenty-third
4
th
fourth 14
th
fourteenth 24
th
twenty-fourth
5
th
fifth 15
th
fifteenth 25
th
twenty-fifth
6
th
sixth 16
th
sixteenth 26
th
twenty-sixth
7
th
seventh 17
th
seventeenth 27
th
twenty-seventh
8
th
eighth 18
th
eighteenth 28
th
twenty-eighth
9
th
ninth 19
th
nineteenth 29
th
twenty-ninth
10
th
tenth 20
th
twentieth 30
th
thirtieth
31
st
thirty-first

Some Uses
For Dates
December 25
th
is Christmas Day.
Tomorrow is July 2
nd
.
October 31
st
is an important day.
For Order
Ruth is first in the English class.
This is the third time I come.
The second meeting is today.
For
Addresses
Steven lives on 7
th
avenue.
The headquarters are on 10
th
street.
They are on 22
nd
street.

I am on the 5
th
floor.
The accident is on 17
th
street.
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Activity 1
Write the correct ordinal number. Follow the example.

0. The offices are on the (7) seventh floor.
1. The (1) ________ place gets a trophy.
2. This is the (5) _______ time I come in late.
3. We can sit in the (3) _______ row.
4. This is the (2) _______ time in a week I meet with you.
5. This is my (4) _______ computer.

Activity 2
Ordinal or Cardinal? Write the correct answer.

The number of people on the street: cardinal
Temperature:
Dates:
Levels:
Grades in school:
Places you win in a race:
Floors in a building:
Books in a store:
Magazine Editions:
Streets and Avenues:
Telephone numbers:

Activity 3
Write ordinal numbers.

14 14
th
fourteenth
22
30
7
16
20
2
24
17
11

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Page 79
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Activity 4
Write any ordinal number.

Activity 5
Circle the correct option:

0. The (second/ two) answer is correct.
1. Ron is the (five/fifth) to bring the reports.
2. Chris eats at the restaurant on (Eight/Eighth) Avenue.
3. Martha is the (three/third) person to arrive.
4. Jenny gives the presentation for the (second/two) time.
5. Paul emails the clients on August (twenty-fourth/twenty-four).

Activity 6
Answer the following questions.

0. What date is today? Today is April 30th.
1. When is your birthday?
2. Where do you live?
3. Where is your office?
4. What date is tomorrow?
5. When is Christmas?

0. August 1
st

a) ____ floor
b) ____ Street
c) June ____
d) ____ Avenue
e) ____ Place
Wind-dry your clothes. Driers
consume too much energy.
Source: centraRSE


www.cedsgt.com
Activity 7
Read the example. Write the dates.

4/3 April 3
rd
April third
4/30

7/20

2/3

12/2

10/1

8/28

5/12

1/16

6/13

I start my
courses on
August
thirteenth.

Take short showers. It is a simple way to save water and energy.
Source: centraRSE

www.cedsgt.com
Page 81
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2011
Chapter 17 Section 1: Classes Begin in May.
Objectives
Identify the months of the year.
Use months of the year and ordinal numbers to tell dates.
Say years in English.

Dates
To tell dates you always follow the same pattern.

Structure For Dates
Month Day Year
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
15
th

25
th

11
th

12
th

21
st

22
nd

23
rd

26
th

13
th

30
th

31
st

16
th

1650
1855
1960
1966
1971
1975
1977
1988
1990
1995
1998
1999

Correct Incorrect
February 14
th

July 4
th

December 25
th

January 1
st

14
th
February
4
th
July
25
th
December
1
st
of January

For years:

1969 = 19-69 = nineteen, sixty-nine.

1492 = 14-92 = fourteen, ninety-two.

1821 = 18-21 = eighteen, twenty-one.

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To introduce a date you use prepositions.

in on
For months and years For days
in 1962
in this year
in January
in May
in September

on Wednesday
on April 13
th

on May 31
st
, 1999
on Halloween
on Independence Day

Activity 1
Circle the correct expressions.

on December in December
on April 3
rd
in April 3
rd

in March on March
in August 14
th
on August 14
th

Activity 2
Underline the mistake.

0. My birthday is in July 16th.
1. It is rainy on September.
2. His graduation is in May 2
nd
.
3. We start school on January.
4. Carla gets married in September 1
st
.
5. Valentines Day is on February.

Activity 3
Order the words to write sentences.

1. is on 21
st
anniversary their July

Their anniversary is on July 21
st
.
2. very December it in cold is

3. birthday my on 1
st
is September

4. my is surgery February in

5. Years is New 1
st
January on

She goes to the movies on
Wednesdays.
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Page 83
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2011
Activity 4
Write the correct dates. Follow the example.

02/14 February 14
th

05/16
10/30
09/09
12/01
01/24

Activity 5
Write the year.

1982 nineteen eighty-two
1494
1999
1969
1980

Activity 6
Write the dates in order.

2
nd
1982 November.

1979 21
st
June.

December 1951 7
th
.

1977 11
th
December.

29
th
2010 January.

Activity 7
Write in or on.

1. My birthday is _______ August.
2. Our anniversary is _______ Tuesday, May 16
th
.
3. The due date is _______ Friday.
4. The meeting is _______ Tuesday, October 1
st
.
5. The letter arrives _______ November.
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Activity 8
Circle the correct preposition.

Activity 9
Write a logical expression to finish each sentence.

0. The report is due on Monday .
1. We finish the project in ____________.
2. They begin to work on ____________.
3. The sales meeting is in ____________.
4. On ____________, we launch the new campaign.

1. The new product arrives ( in-on ) March.
2. The yogurt expires ( in-on ) May.
3. The expiration date is ( in-on ) May 1
st
.
4. We leave ( in-on ) Sunday.

Use a broom instead of a hose to clean the driveway or patio.
This saves water.
Source: centraRSE

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Page 85
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2011
Chapter 18 Section 1: What Do You Do?
Objectives
Review the use of the auxiliary verb to do.
Understand the use of question words.
Be able to create simple questions using question words.

Wh words
Each wh word asks for different information.

wh word asks for Possible Answers
what a thing the document, my computer, a contract
who a person your manager, the accountant, Joseph
where a place his office, the city, London.
when a time in the morning, at 7 oclock, on Wednesday.
why a reason because the Internet is down, the project is urgent.
how a method or process With a computer application, slowly and carefully.

Remember: To make interrogative questions about actions you use the auxiliary verb To Do.

Wh word
Auxiliary
To Do
Nominative
Pronoun
Main
Verb
Question
Mark
What
Who
Where
When
Why
How
Do
I
you
we
you
they
do
study
go
come
answer
rest
work
?
Does
he
she
it
What do you study?
I study English.
Where do
you study?
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Examples with wh questions Possible Answers
What do you study?
Who does he call in the morning?
Where does she go on Saturdays?
When do we do the homework?
Why do they work at night?
How does it print long documents?
I study administration.
He calls his clients.
She goes to university.
We do it on Thursday.
Because they like it.
It prints fast.

Activity 1
Circle the correct Wh word.

1. (What- How) do you think?
2. (Why-Who) does the best job?
3. (What-Where) does she live?
4. (When- What) do we start with the new project?
5. (Who-Why) do you like to work here?

Activity 2
Write the correct Wh word.

1. _________ do you study English? Because I need it in my job.
2. _________ does the teacher say? He says: Do your job.
3. _________ does this belong to? It belongs to Julia.
4. _________ do you live? I live in Hong Kong.
5. _________ does it print like that? Because it is broken.
6. _________ do you finish the project? In two days.
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Page 87
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2011
Activity 3
Order the words to write questions.

1. balances who reports the?

2. he what want does?

3. you why do the Internet use?

4. invoices Jennifer does where file the?

5. call the when I do accountant?

Activity 4
Write questions with Wh words to the answers on the right.

1. When I eat my breakfast in the morning.
2. Where She buys her books at the store.
3. Who Bob does the reports.
4. When They finish their workshop tomorrow.
5. Where He does his homework at the library.

Activity 5
Write complete logical questions.

0. What do they What do they talk about in the meetings?
1. Where does the company
2. When do you
3. Why does George
4. How do we

Activity 6
Write complete logical questions.

0. Why Why do you write emails in the morning?
1. Where
2. What
3. When
4. Who
5. Why
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Chapter 19 Section 1: I Always Study at Night.
Objectives
Identify and understand frequency adverbs.
Structure frequency adverbs correctly in simple present tense sentences.

Frequency Adverbs
You tell how often something happens with Frequency Adverbs.

Sentence Adverb Frequency Sentence + Adverb
Sue works on weekends.
I attend meetings.
Linda works alone.
We check emails.
He takes a class.
The secretary calls clients.
always
usually
often
sometimes
hardly ever
never
100%
.
.
.
.
0%
Sue always works on weekends.
I usually attend meetings.
Linda often works alone.
We sometimes check emails.
He hardly ever takes a class.
The secretary never calls clients.

I usually watch
TV at night.
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present past future
0% ?, 20% ?, 50% ?, 100% ? ...
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You use other adverbs at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.

At the beginning Adverb Phrase At the end
Every month, Sue works at night.
Twice a week, I attend meetings.
Every morning, we check emails.
Every four hours, he takes a class.
On Mondays, the secretary calls clients.
every month
twice a week
every morning
every four hours
on Mondays
Sue works at night every month.
I attend meetings twice a week.
We check emails every morning.
He takes a class every four hours.
The secretary calls clients on Mondays.

Activity 1
Circle the correct frequency adverb.

1. The sun (usually / hardy ever) rises at 6:00 am.
2. Stars (never / always) come out at night.
3. The subway (usually / hardly ever) is on time.
4. The internet is (always / sometimes) up to date.
5. An earthquake is (never / always) devastating.
.

Activity 2
Order the words to write sentences.

1. sometimes Mr. Young has at home lunch

2. works never late at night Mark

3. you memos hardly ever send

4. a take usually I break

5. supervises always Mary employees her

Activity 3
Write sentences with frequency adverbs.

1. I always
2. I never
3. I sometimes
4. I usually
5. I hardly ever

www.cedsgt.com
Activity 4
Write about your week.

1. On Mondays I usually call my clients and answer emails.
2. On Tuesdays I
3. On Wednesdays I
4. On Thursdays I
5. On Fridays I

Activity 5
Match the sentences.

1. Betty and I often study in the afternoon.

A. He hardly ever speaks in Spanish.
2. Deborah sometimes calls the new clients.

B. We hardly ever study at night.
3. Kevin usually speaks in English.

C. She talks to the manager.
4. You and Nancy never print the reports.

D. You send them by email.
5. Kimberly never talks to the secretary.

E. She sometimes visits them, too.

Activity 6
Write sentences.

0. (every morning)

My secretary comes to work every morning.
1. (twice a month)

2. (twice a year)

3. (every afternoon)

4. (every month)

5. (on Saturday)


When you go shopping, take a reusable bag with you. 700
paper bags = one 15-year-old tree.
Source: centraRSE

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2011

NOTES
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NOTES
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Page 93
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Chapter 20 Section 1: Read the Directions, Please.
Objectives
Structure imperative sentences correctly.
Use the imperative form to give directions.

The Imperative Form
You use imperative sentences to give directions and orders.

AFFIRMATIVE
VERB DETAILS
Write
Read
Copy
Call
Close
Come
Go
your password.
the directions.
the numbers.
the client.
your account.
tomorrow morning.
to the office.

Use the word please to make imperative sentences polite.

Write your password.

Write your password, please. Please write your password.

Activity 1
Circle the correct form of the verb in imperative form.

0. (Call-Calls) the clients, please.
1. (Explain Explains) the instructions again, please.
2. (Moves - Move) the reports to the file cabinet, please.
3. (Throws Throw) the garbage out, please.
4. (Finish Finishes) your dinner, please.
5. (Hold- Holds) the call, please.

NEGATIVE
VERB DETAILS
Dont
write
read
copy
call
close
come
go
your password.
the directions.
the numbers.
the client.
your account.
tomorrow morning.
to the office.
Dont pay $25.
Pay $9.99!
Use in case of a fire.
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Activity 2
Order the words to make imperative sentences.

please read email the

0. Read the email, please.
the call please client

1.
the please invoices file

2.
please use dont old the password

3.
the change the date in please letter

4.
a make backup your of please files

5.
.
Activity 3
Write negative imperative sentences. Include the word please.

0. Use the file cabinet.

Dont use the file cabinet, please.
1. File the sales report and invoices.

2. Continue with the meeting.

3. Repeat the inventory today.

4. Clean the office fridge.

5. Move the old computer.

Activity 4
Complete the sentence.

0. Please use
the new computer.
1. Please dont
2. Play
3. Dont start
4. Please write
5. Please find
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Page 95
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Activity 5
Write an imperative sentence with each verb.

0. Write

Please write your last name.
1. Call

2. Answer

3. Read

4. Help

5. Use


Recycle cans, plastic bags and paper whenever possible.
Source: centraRSE

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Chapter 21 Section 1: We Planned the Project.
Objectives
Identify simple past tense sentences.
Understand the difference between regular and irregular verbs.
Identify and write regular verbs.
Learn some common irregular verbs.

The Simple Past Tense With Regular Verbs
With the simple past tense you tell about events in the past.
Regular verbs form their past tense by adding ed at the end.

Subject
Regular
Past Tense Verb
Complement
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
called
purchased
asked
answered
helped
planned
changed
charged
Mr. Benson.
the supplies.
for Dr. Martin.
the phone.
with the report.
the meeting.
the process.
10% more.

Spelling Rules For Regular Verbs

Types of Base Form Verbs Change Base Form Past Form
Verbs that end in:
a silent e
add d
purchase
change
purchased
changed
Verbs that end in:
consonant + y
drop the y
add ied
try
cry
study
tried
cried
studied
Most verbs that end in:
consonant+vowel+consonant
double the last
consonant
plan
beg
stop
planned
begged
stopped
All the rest of the
Regular Verbs.
add ed
help
ask
call
helped
asked
called

past present future
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Activity 1
Write the past tense of the following regular verbs.

0. accept accepted
1. bake
2. call

3. heal
4. look
5. park
6. scream
7. touch
8. use
9. walk

Activity 2
Write the past tense of the following verbs.

0. I (trip) __tripped_ last night, and my leg hurts!
1. He (coach) _________ the high school team last year.
2. The late shipment (delay) _________ the delivery.
3. I (use) _________ the projector last week.
4. I (ship) _________ the packages yesterday.

Activity 3
Write sentences with regular verbs in the past

walk Karen walked for an hour yesterday.
look

listen

move

miss

answer

www.cedsgt.com
The Simple Past Tense With Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs do not follow spelling rules. They change in many different ways.

Subject
Irregular
Past Tense Verb
Complement
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
bought
found
sold
paid
lent
spoke
read
wrote
the supplies.
the files.
the products.
for the project.
the money.
to her boss.
the report.
the email.

Base
Form
Simple
Past
begin began
buy bought
come came
cost cost
find found
get got
give gave
go went
grow grew
know knew
lend lent
pay paid
read read
sell sold
send sent
speak spoke
tell told
write wrote

Activity 4
Write the past tense of these irregular verbs.

buy bought grow
come read
find tell
give begin
cost lend
know send
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Page 99
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2011
-
Activity 5
Write the past tense of the verbs to complete the sentences.

0. I (quit) __quit__ that job last year.
1. She (ride) _________the white horse in the parade.
2. The baby (sleep) _________all night for the first time.
3. I (run) _________ to the bus station this morning.
4. Our company (win) _________ the annual prize.

Activity 6
Write sentences with irregular verbs in the past.

0. come They came to the office in January.
1. pay
2. go
3. pay
4. write
5. give


When you wash you dishes by hand, it is better to use two
sinks: one with soapy water and the other one with rinsing
water. This saves water.
Source: centraRSE

www.cedsgt.com
Chapter 22 Section 1: She Ordered the Supplies Yesterday.
Objectives
Practice the use of the simple past tense.
Understand the function of adverbs of time.
Use time adverbs for the past tense.

Simple Past Tense
Regular verbs always end in ed, but the pronunciation of the ed varies.

A verb ends in You add a Examples

a VIBRATING sound

a NON-vibrating sound

t or d sound

d sound

t sound

Id sound

planned - charged - answered

asked - worked - changed

added - visited - needed

Activity 1
Change the verbs to the past tense form. Write each verb in the correct column.

charge
purchase
ask
answer
help
visit
work
need
talk
walk
contact
study
examine
plan
call
count
listen
change

d sound t sound Id sound
joined
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
closed
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
printed
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
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Simple Past Tense
Remember: Verbs in the past tense can be regular or irregular.

The Simple Past Tense
Regular Verbs
The Simple Paste Tense
Irregular Verbs
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
ordered
called
planned
answered
asked
helped
changed
charged
I
You
She
He
It
We
You
They
ran
wrote
read
sent
cost
sold
bought
lent

Examples Examples
I ordered these forms.
He planned the project.
It asked for the password.
You changed your process.
They charged for the service.

You wrote the directions.
She read the mail.
It cost too much.
We sold all the products.
They lent their computers.

Time adverbs
When you use the simple past tense you usually talk about a specific point in the past.

last
[number +
time word +ago]
at on in
Monday
February
night
time
two days ago
four months ago
fifteen minutes ago
an hour ago
at night
at 6:30
at noon
at midnight
on Wednesday
on September 2
nd

on Christmas
on my birthday
in November
in the winter
in the morning
in the evening
past present future
?

www.cedsgt.com

Examples
He planned the project last Monday.
I ordered these forms last February.
It asked for the password two days ago.
The product cost too much four months ago.
She read the mail at night.
They charged for the service at noon.
They lent their computers on Wednesday.
We sold all the products on September 2.
You changed your process in November.
You wrote the directions in the morning.

Activity 2
Write the correct form of the irregular or regular verb.

1. Last month he (help) _________ me move into the office.
2. The teacher (correct) _________ the exams two days ago.
3. The CEO (tell) _________ us the good news.
4. The marketing department (join) _________ the sales department for the presentation.
5. The supervisor (understand) _________ the report.

Activity 3
Complete the sentence. Use the simple past tense.

1. Last year I

2. On Monday she

3. Twenty minutes ago, Jim and Bob

4. In the summer we

5. At noon they


Buy rechargeable batteries and a charger. Batteries pollute
the environment.
Source: centraRSE

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Activity 4
Complete the sentence. Use time adverbs.

1. I read this book

2. We ordered our food

3. The author wrote his last book

4. The computer failed

5. I broke my arm

Activity 5
Write the correct time adverb.

1. Last _________, we ate pizza.
2. _________ ago, I graduated from school.
3. I traveled to Cancun _________.
4. I drank my coffee _________.
5. I had classes _________.

Activity 6
Write sentences with the ed sound indicated.

d sound We planned the project last week.
d sound

d sound

t sound

t sound

Id sound

Id sound

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Chapter 23 Section 1: You Had Lunch Here, Right?
Objectives
Reinforce the concept of irregular verbs in the simple past tense.
Use verbs to have and to go in the simple past tense.

The Simple Past With To Have and To Go
Remember: Verbs in the simple past tense are Regular or Irregular. To Go and To Have are
irregular verbs. To Go and To Have have several uses.

Subject Verb To Have Object
I
You
She
It
We
had
had
had
had
had
the information.
a meeting.
lunch in the office.
a problem.
pizza for lunch.

Possession
I had a good idea yesterday.
Nancy had many contacts in Toronto.

Situation
You had fun at the conference.
Dorothy and Edward had fun in the conference.

Food or
Drinks
Mrs. Baker had dinner with the client.
The accountant had coffee an hour ago.

Obligation
I had to leave yesterday afternoon.
Chris had to deliver the documents

Subject Verb To Go Object
I
You
She
It
We
went
went
went
went
went
to the bank.
to the conference.
out.
badly.
on vacation.

You had lunch
here, right?
Yes. I had a
sandwich and
a soda.
I went to buy
supplies.
She went to
buy supplies.
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Place
I went to the interview last Tuesday.
They went to Spain a year ago.

Purpose
Carol went to buy supplies yesterday.
They went to sign the contract on Monday.

Company
Richard went with Mr. Green last month.
She went alone two days ago.

Result
The meeting went well yesterday.
The conference went badly last time.

Activity 1
Underline the correct option.

1. Carl (had/went) to the meeting.

2. John (went/had) the files.

3. Matthew (went/had) home.

4. Spencer (went/had) the computer.

5. Elizabeth (had/went) a cup of coffee.

Activity 2
Change the sentences to the simple past tense.

1. I go to the company.

2. Sarah has to write the report.

3. They have to review the budget.

4. He goes to the city on Saturday.

5. You have to present to the Board.

Activity 3

1. a had John job.

2. contract Frank had a.

3. a walk for went Ron outside.

4. lunch they had the with team.

5. floor office she an had on the second.

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-
Activity 4
Write sentences using to have in the past tense.

0. Barbara / pay taxes

Barbara had to pay taxes.
1. I / a business

2. David and Ronald / the flu

3. We / the budget

4. You / a sandwich

5. Sandra / big problem

Activity 5
Write sentences using to go in the past tense.

0. Steven / Chicago

Steven went to Chicago.
1. I / with Ruth

2. They / on vacation

3. The meeting / well

4. You / out

5. George / to deliver the invoice

Activity 6
Write about your last week using to have and to go in the past tense.

0. Last Monday I went to a mall. I had a hamburger and fries.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Page 107
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Chapter 24 Section 1: I Didnt Know That!
Objectives
Use the auxiliary verb did for negative sentences in the simple past tense.
Use the base form of the verb with auxiliary verb did.

Negative Sentences in the Simple Past Tense
For negative sentences use didnt or did not.

Nominative
Pronoun
Auxiliary
Base Form
Verb
Details
You
She
The secretary
The computer
I
We
didnt
answer
give
write
do
find
have
the phone.
the speech.
the letter.
the calculation.
the information.
an office.

Notice the verb is in the base form NOT in the past form.

Activity 1
Write the base forms.

called call

found grew
bought

got lent
came

sold planned
cost

went knew
paid

read closed
invited

sent told
studied

began signed
gave

worked wrote

I didnt go out
to eat.
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Activity 2
Make the sentences negative.

0. Kenneth went to Alberta.

Kenneth didnt go to Alberta.
1. He gave me his report.

2. Anna told me the answer.

3. I did my exercises this morning.

4. We bought the supplies for the office.

5. They sold the entire inventory.

Activity 3
Rewrite the sentences correctly.

0. It didnt had a problem.

It didnt have a problem.
1. Jill and Sandy didnt ran the marathon.

2. They didnt ate the cake.

3. I didnt wrote the sales report.

4. Your report didnt made sense.

Activity 4

0. taxes the didnt she pay

She didnt pay the taxes.
1. we yesterday didnt the buy product

2. last you did sell not shipment the

3. didnt programmer the close account the

4. tell I didnt the Wednesday news last you

5. the Laura not plan presentation did


Make a scrap-paper pad. Gather pieces of used paper the same
size with the blank side up.
Source: centraRSE

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Page 109
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2011
Activity 5
Write NEGATIVE sentences in the simple past. Use the word bank.

computer, report, television, office, car, pen, invoice, the Internet, desk.

0. The computer didnt have the files.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Buy things that can be used over and over. Buy less
disposable items. This way you save precious natural resources.
Source: centraRSE

www.cedsgt.com
-Chapter 25 Section 1: Did You Get My Message?
Objectives
Use the auxiliary verb to do correctly to create questions in the simple past tense.
Use the auxiliary verb to do correctly for short answers in the simple past tense.

Questions in the Simple Past Tense
For questions about actions in the simple past tense use did.

Auxiliary Subject
Base Form
Verb
Details
Question
Mark
Did
you
he
the client
the project
they
send
call
use
finish
plan
the report
the supplier
our web site
yesterday
a meeting
?

Notice the verb is in the base form NOT in the past form.

Short Answers in the Simple Past Tense
You write short answers using did and didnt.

Auxiliary
To Do
for the Past
did
did not
didnt

Did you call
Mr. Harris?
Yes, I did.

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Short Affirmative Answer

Short Negative Answers
Yes,
Nominative
Pronoun
did
.

No,
Nominative
Pronoun
didnt
.

Yes, I did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, he did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, it did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, they did.

No, I didnt.
No, you didnt.
No, he didnt.
No, she didnt.
No, it didnt.
No, you didnt.
No, we didnt.
No, they didnt.

Activity 1
Write questions in the simple past tense.

1. you/finish/the annual report
2. the technician/fix/the office server.
3. the CEO/move/a new office.
4. the IT department/finish/ the
implementation.

5. the client/like/the presentation.

Activity 2
Write short answers for the questions in Activity 1.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

www.cedsgt.com

Activity 3
Write short answers to the following questions.

Activity 4
Write questions for the short answers.

Activity 5
Write the questions in order.

1. Did you have breakfast this morning?

2. Did you finish your homework?

3. Did you like the movie Titanic?

4. Did you use your computer yesterday?

5. Did you finish this activity?

0. Did I give you the invoice?

Yes, you did.
1.

Yes, I did.
2.

No, I didnt.
3.

No, she didnt.
4.

Yes, they did.
5.

No, he didnt.
0. remember did your you password ?

Did you remember your password?
1. Robert the project see did ?

2. for did ask the report Mr. Adams ?

3. yesterday they did finish the budget ?

4. did send I the document you ?

5. computer did you the fix Monday on ?

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Page 113
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2011

ENGLISH
6-10
www.cedsgt.com

Written by
Omar Gil
and
Catherinne Fion

Artwork by
Carlo Aresti

Edited by
John Glasgow

With the Cooperation of
Rishi Bond
Vivian Bove
Ana Cabrera
Rodolfo Calvo
Lis Conde
Mafith DaCosta
Andrea De Len
Jonathan Daz
Copelia Domnguez
Dashina Farguharson
Paola Gularte
Juan Jos Monzn
Graciela Paz
Mauricio Saln
Diana Selechnik
Oliver Villeda

CEDS ENGLISH
Custom English Design Services S.A.
www.cedsgt.com
4 Ave. A 21-25, Zone 14, Guatemala City
(502) 2363-2475 / (502) 2368-3267
Guatemala

i

Chapter 1

E
N
G
L
I
S
H

6

Chapter 12

E
N
G
L
I
S
H

8

Do You Need It? or Do You Want
It?
1

Weve Made a Major
Breakthrough.
85
Chapter 2

Chapter 13

What Are You Doing?
8

Weve Been Calling
You All Morning.
94
Chapter 3

Chapter 14

I Need Those Documents Ready. 15

That Sounds Great!
102
Chapter 4

Chapter 15

Did They Send Us the Quotes? 22

Always Show Up On
Time.
110
Chapter 5

Chapter 16

What Were You Doing?
30

We Must Give
Excellent Service.
117
Chapter 6

Are There Any Questions?
38

Chapter 7

E
N
G
L
I
S
H

7

Chapter 17

E
N
G
L
I
S
H

9

How Many People Did You
Call?
45

Something Is Wrong
With This Product
125
Chapter 8

Chapter 18

Where Are We Going to Meet?
54

They Might Be Coming
Right Now.
134
Chapter 9

Chapter 19

This Program Is Much Better!
63

If We See Him, We Will
Tell Him.
142
Chapter 10

Chapter 20

We Aim For the Best Quality.
68

They Told Me To Talk
To You.
149
Chapter 11

Their Company Is Not As Big
As Ours.

76

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 21

E
N
G
L
I
S
H

1
0

Chapter D

A
c
c
e
n
t

&

P
r
o
n
u
n
c
i
a
t
i
o
n

I Wouldnt Do That If I Were
You.
157
21
5
Chapter 22

Section 2 Consonant Sound 1b
21
9
We Wanted To Work With
You.
164

Chapter 23

The Report Was Presented
Last Friday.
170
Chapter E

Chapter 24

22
5

This is Where It All Started.
177
22
7
Chapter 25

22
9
We Sent the Budget, Didnt
We?
183
231

Chapter A

A
c
c
e
n
t

&

P
r
o
n
u
n
c
i
a
t
i
o
n

English 6

R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

189 23
7
193
English 7

197 24
8
Chapter B

English 8

Section 1 Vowel/Consonant Combination
2
200 25
7
Section 2 Vowel/Consonant
Combination 1
203
English 9

26
6
Chapter C

English 10

205 27
4
Section 2 Vowel Sound 13 207
Section 3 Consonant Sound 7 209

Section 4 Consonant Sound 6 212
Tables

A
p
p
e
n
d
i
c
e
s

28
3

iii

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2010
E
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Chapter 1 Do You Need It? or Do You Want It?
Objectives
Understand the meaning and structure of Need, Want and Like, followed by a
participle.
Learn the structure of Need, Want and Like along with infinitive verb forms.
Express desire, obligation, necessity, and preference by using Want, Need and Like.

Want, Need, and Like.
You use the verbs want, need, and like to tell about necessities, obligations, desires and
preferences.

Message With Nouns and Pronouns
With Verbs:
to + Base Form Verb
NEED
necessities I need a bathroom. I need to authorize the assignment.
obligations --- You need to deliver the tool.
WANT
Desires She wants an assignment. She wants to ship the products.
intentions They want natural products. They want to come up with a solution.
LIKE preferences We like simple process maps. We like to give clear information.

Structure to Use with Verb Objects
SUBJECT
NEED, WANT,
OR LIKE
TO
VERB
BASE FORM
COMPLEMENT
I need to use the cubicle.
You need to put the pencil here.
Jason wants to do the job.
They want to get in the factory.
We like to throw the wastes daily.
Linda likes to come up with solutions.

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Page 2
CEDS ENGLISH
2010
Activity 1
Write to + base form of the verb in parentheses, to complete the sentences.

1. I need

(balance) my checkbook today.
2. The HR manager wants

(hire) new employees this year.
3. The mechanic needs

(check) the engine on my car.
4. We need

(finish) the payroll today.
5. The department likes

(celebrate) every birthday.
6. Mr. Johnson likes

(print) the reports.
7. The charts need

(show) the true state of the company.
8. Joe wants

(complete) the analysis before leaving.

Activity 2
Write a suitable noun to finish the sentences, use the Word Bank.

Word Bank
signatures new HR manager software the presentation
transactions more information actualization the new boss
expense report

1. I need an

for this afternoon.
2. The company wants a

for the department.
3. The bank needs some

and reports.
4. He likes

with pie charts
5. I need a few

for this forms.
6. You like every

the company has.
7. The budget needs

on the data.
8. The secretary wants

about the account.

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Page 3
CEDS ENGLISH
2010
Activity 3
Write complete sentences. Use the cues.

1. I / want/ present the results to the CEO.

2. We / need / add the fee to the bill.

3. The voucher / need / sign.

4. The agency / want / lower the risk.

5. The teacher / like / answer questions.

6. The financial director / want /know the cost.

7. The deficit / need / be eliminated.

8. The boss / need / delegate tasks to the employees.

Activity 4
Underline the mistakes and rewrite the sentences. Follow the example.

0. I need calculates the formula.
I need to calculate the formula.
1. They need validating our parking ticket.

2. The accountant wants audit the company.

3. Everyone likes earns respect.

4. I need warning you about the problem.

5. She wants to signing up for the workshop.

6. We needs to lower our expenses.

7. I like to delegating this task to you.

8. The manager needs advise the employees.

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Page 4
CEDS ENGLISH
2010
Activity 5
Put the following sentences in order.

1. needs professional today James look to

2. early the finish wants department to.

3. everything the review likes manager to.

4. to office Jenifer to get likes early her.

5. to the accounts our bank handle wants.

6. management company new that needs.

7. needs fixed desk to the be.

8. wants in the meeting everyone boss the.

Activity 6
Write 2 sentences that exemplify the concept in each box.

necessities

1.

2.

obligations

1.

2.

desires

1.

2.

intentions

1.

2.

preferences

1.

2.

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Page 5
CEDS ENGLISH
2010
Activity 7
Write realistic answers to the questions that include Want, Need, and Like.

What do you want to
do this weekend?

I Usually like to stay home and read a good book, but

I need to go the car shop. My car is making a funny noise,

so I want the mechanic to check it, just in case

Do you need to do
anything important
tomorrow?

What do you like to
do in your leisure
time?

What do you need to
do your job well?

What do you want to
buy?...Do you need it
or do you want it?

What do you want to
do this weekend?

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Page 6
CEDS ENGLISH
2010

ORGANIC FOODS
People of all ages are eating more organic foods because they want to be
healthier, and these foods taste better. There are recent studies that prove that
people all over the world are consuming 30% more organic foods. What are
organic foods? They are fruits and vegetables that have no fertilizers, pesticides,
or synthetic components.

What are the positive effects of eating organic foods?
1) You feel healthy, strong and with a lot of energy.
2) The food tastes better. It tastes natural.
3) Animals, like cows, pigs, and fish are not treated in a cruel way by
farmers and producers.
4) Our environment gets less air and water pollution.

Assessment Questions
Answer the questions about the Organic Food article. Bring your answers to
class to discuss with your peers.
1. What do you think about organic food?
2. What is the difference between organic
food and non organic food?
3. Can you think about some other
benefits of organic food?
4. Is organic food popular in your
country?
5. Why is it good for the environment that we consume organic food?


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Page 7
CEDS ENGLISH
2010
---
Notes:

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Page 8
CEDS ENGLISH
2010
Chapter 2 What Are You Doing?
Objectives
Understand the significance of the Present Progressive Tense to describe specific
actions, in the Present and the Future.
Understand how the Present Tense of the verb to be and the Present Participle of
the Auxiliary Verb are used to create the Present Progressive Tense.
Use the Present Progressive Tense to describe actions in the Present or Future.

The Present Progressive Tense
You use the Present Progressive Tense to tell about events that are in progress now.

Subject
Auxiliary
BE
Main Verb + ing Complement
I
You
She
He
It
We
You
They
-
The supplier
The men
Our company
am
is
are
-
am not
isnt
arent
improving
examining
storing
changing
polluting
cleaning up
turning on
the assembly line.
the stock.
the equipment.
the parking lot.
the water.
the cafeteria.
the computers.

EXAMPLES
She is improving the assembly line.
Steven is examining the stock.
You are storing the equipment.
The manufacture plant isnt polluting the water.
The men arent turning on the computers.

past present future
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Page 9
CEDS ENGLISH
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Spelling: ing suffix.
The pronunciation of the ing suffix is always the same, but the spelling varies.

Ending in a silent e
One syllable verbs, ending:
consonant-vowel-consonant
The rest of the verbs,
including verbs ending in y
Drop the e Double the last consonant Just add ing
examine=examining
improve=improving
store=storing
change=changing
pollute=polluting
get=getting
plan=planning
run=running
set=setting
swim=swimming
clean=cleaning
pull=pulling
clean up=cleaning up
turn on=turning up
try=trying

Activity 1
Underline the correct alternative.

1. The engineer is (build- built-building) the building.
2. The cafeterias arent (closing-close-closed) for the day.
3. The flow chart is (shows-showing-shown) the hard data.
4. The products are (gets-get-getting) tested.
5. The carpenter isnt (using-uses-use) the tools.
6. I am (contemplate-contemplates-contemplating) the proposal.
7. We arent (puting- putting-puts) the lock on the door.

Activity 2
Underline the correct alternative.

1. I (is-am-arent) taking the elevator.
2. Daniel and Charlie (isnt-am not-are) talking about the future of the company.
3. The company (isnt-am not-aren't) hiring new employees.
4. The plant (is-am-are) manufacturing new products.
5. They (isnt-am not-arent) delivering the freight to customs.
6. The new secretary (is-am-are) getting to know the office.
7. The technicians (is-am-are) fixing the error.

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Activity 3
Use the verb in parentheses to create sentences in the present progressive tense.

(to choose) 1. Oscar ________________ the best option.
(to visit) 2. Grant and Nathalie ________________ their best client.
(to run) 3. The engine ________________ on fuel.
(to teach) 4. She ________________ us how to improve our techniques.
(to invoice) 5. We ________________ the main line of production.
(to fix) 6. They ________________ the office server.
(to store) 7. The warehouse ________________ all the inventory.

Activity 4
Finish the following sentences with at least 5 more words:

1. I am not walking to

2. The company is thinking of

3. The secretary is starting to

4. The technician isnt working on

5. We arent selecting

6. Sarah is using

7. The projection isnt showing

Activity 5
The following sentences are in simple present tense; change them into present progressive tense.

1. I dont change my password.

2. You put the date in the letter.

3. We park on the wrong side of the street.

4. Ana and James select their cubicle.

5. The truck transports the merchandise.

6. He gives the right information.

7. The accountant doesnt handle the bills.

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Activity 6
Write complete sentences using the cues.

Billy/not / reduce/income.
1.
Carol / clean / her computer.
2.
You / not / handle / the negotiations.
3.
Dennis / carry / the heavy boxes.
4.
They / close / the account.
5.
He / go / to the doctor.
6.
I / deliver / good news.
7.

Activity 7
Write sentences in the present progressive tense, with the verbs given.

Transport
1.
Store
2.
Steal
3.
Ship
4.
Recycle
5.
Improve
6.
Manufacture
7.

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Activity 8
Write realistic answers to the questions that include the Present Progressive Tense.

What were you doing
right now?

Im finishing this chapters activities. Im listening to the

radio and chatting online with a class partner too. Hes not

doing his homework, he finished yesterday.

What do you think
your best friend is
doing right now?

What are people
around you doing?

What do you think
your coworkers are
doing right now?

What do you think
people in Japan are
doing right now?

What were you doing
right now?

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WATER CONSERVATION
What is water conservation?
Water conservations means to use less water and to recycle it. Water is used
for other activities such as: taking a shower, watering the grass and plants,
flushing the toilet, etc. If you preserve water, you will help other people
around the world because in many cities, water is very limited; there is not
enough water for all the people to use it.
Here are some ways you can save water to help to preserve our planet:
1. Never put toilet paper inside the toilet. Use
the trashcan.
2. Take a fast shower, do not use the bathtub.
3. If you water garden, do it in a cold morning
because water will evaporate slowly.
4. Keep the grass 6 cm long; this will keep
water from evaporating.
5. If you wash your clothes, use warm or cold
water, do not use hot water. Hot water takes more
energy to warm up.

After you finish reading the article, read the following sentences and use an X
for true or false.
True False
1. Water conservation is to recycle the liquid that has been
used for other activities.

2. If we recycle the water, we are helping all the people in
the world.

3. If you use water for your garden, use hot water.
4. Use your bathtub, do not use the shower.
5. If you are going to wash your clothes, use warm or cold
water.


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Chapter 3 I Need Those Documents Ready.
Objectives
Identify Demonstratives and the meaning they entail.
Learn the meaning and use of This, That, These, Those in a sentence.
Apply Demonstratives when referring to distance and number between
people, places and things.

Demonstratives
Demonstratives give information about distance and number.

Demonstrative Adjectives qualify nouns.
Demonstrative Pronouns take the place of nouns.

Demonstratives
As Adjectives
As Pronouns
As Subjects As Objects
This procedure is
redundant.
This transports our mail. She checks this.
I use that calendar. That turns up the volume. I design that.
She corrects these
errors.
These arrive on Thursday. Sandra sells these.
Those things are
automatic.
Those comply with the
standards.
We throw those in the
garbage.

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Without Demonstrative Adjectives With Demonstrative Adjectives
The process is redundant.
The calendar is difficult to read.
The things arrived an hour ago.
The errors were very common in the past.
This process is redundant.
That calendar is difficult to read.
These things arrived an hour ago.
Those errors were very common in the past.

Without Demonstrative Pronouns With Demonstrative Pronouns
The shift begins at 7 oclock at night.
The queue shows the steps of the process.
The delays are due to the weather.
The houses are on 2
nd
avenue.
This begins at 7 oclock at night.
That queue shows the steps of the process.
These are due to the weather.
Those are on 2
nd
avenue.

Activity 1
Write the correct demonstrative.

1. ____ markers are for office use only, while ____ over there are for everyone.
2. _____ report is due at the end of the month. ____ reports are due today!
3. What are _____ cookies doing over there? They should be in the kitchen.
4. _____ chairs go in the conference room.
5. The IT department fixed _____ computers over there. ____ over here are still unfixed.

Activity 2
Write in the space if the underlined demonstrative is an adjective or a pronoun.

1. I like that computer, it is new.

2. The customer buys this product.

3. These complete the package.

4. Those are the best.

5. It prints these forms.

6. We file those in the file cabinet.

7. I finished that report an hour ago.

8. I saw this forecast one year ago.

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Activity 3
Substitute the subject with the correct demonstrative.

1. The events start at 7:00pm.

2. The inventory was accurate.

3. The mistakes were not unusual.

4. The proposal is difficult to
understand.

5. The terms on that contract are fair
for both parts.

6. The blank spaces are for you to put
your signature on.

7. The cubicle is Mr. Stevens

8. The search was unsuccessful.

Activity 4
Substitute the underlined demonstrative with a suitable subject. Use the word bank.

WORD BANK
a mouse - the date - the calculators - the report
binders - a backup - the projector - accuracy.

1. We use that to show the annual budget
during the meeting.

2. The computer needs this to work properly.

3. We have to do that to the computers.

4. Dont forget to put that on the letter.

5. The students get those to put their textbooks.

6. The weekly report has that.

7. Those belong to the accounting department.

8. That is accurate and on time.

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Activity 5
Match the phrases in the left with the phrases in the right to create complete sentences.

Those checks
a. enables the growth.
That label
b. need a signature.
The merchandise arrives.
c. is delaying the schedule.
That amount
d. has the correct shipping date.
The manager assigned
e. on that date.
Those products
f. is correct.
That information
g. are standardized.
This freight
h. that task to me.

Activity 6
Finish the sentences.

1. That amount

2. These documents

3. Those clients

4. That envelope

5. This file

6. These glasses

7. That public campaign

8. These mistakes

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Demonstratives.

What did you do this
weekend?

I went to a football match. That was on Saturday. Now, on

Sunday I spent the morning at my parents house, and in

the afternoon read these documents I need to summarize.

Do you think it is
difficult to get a job
these days?

Is this the first time
you study English?

What was your life
like back in those
days you were a
child?

Global Warming,
What do you have to
say about this?

What did you do last
weekend?

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Global Warming
What is global warming? Global Warming means that the temperature of the
planet is increasing. The earth is getting hotter. This happens because there are
gases in the atmosphere that trap sunlight energy. The Greenhouse Effect is the
excessive accumulation of these gases.
The Greenhouse Gases are a byproduct of
fossil fuels, like oil and coal. We use these
materials every day to produce energy and
electricity, so that we can use our cars and
watch T.V. The factories that use these
materials have to use a big amount, so
they produce a lot of these Greenhouse
gases. This is very dangerous for our
planet because it increases the
temperature and it creates air pollution.
These fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, etc. These gases are
dangerous because they can make us sick. Some of the diseases that we can get
are: asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and we can get heart problems.
So, we have to fight global warming not only for the planet, but for our own
health.
After reading the Global Warming article, complete the sentences by
underlining the right answers.
1. Global warming means that
The temperature of the planet is increasing.
Earth is getting colder.
The temperature of the water is increasing.
2. The increase of the earths temperature is caused by
Too much sunlight entering the earth.
Gases accumulated in the atmosphere
Using electricity.
3. Greenhouse gases can cause
Cancer
Heart problems
Nausea
4. Examples of greenhouse gases generators are
The use of oil.
The use of cars.
The use of fossil fuels that help produce the electricity needed for our
homes.


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Chapter 4 Did They Send Us the Quotes?
Objectives
Understand how a verb relates to the elements within a sentence.
Understand the positioning of the subject and the object within a sentence
determining the need of objective pronouns and prepositions.
Use Direct and Indirect Objects to describe the relationship between the subject
and the object.

Direct and Indirect Objects
The part of the sentence that receives the action of the verb is the object. Objects are Direct or
Indirect.

Subject Verb Direct Object
I
You
She
We
They
-
Brian
The clients
build
lend
pays
sell
make
-
orders
buy
the engine.
the boxes.
the invoices.
the chemicals
a projection.
-
industrial parts.
our products.

In English, we have two ways to structure Indirect Objects:
First the Direct Object, and then the Indirect Object (with a preposition), or
First the Indirect Object, and then the Direct Object (NO preposition).

Subject Verb Direct Object Preposition Indirect object
I
You
She
He
buy
send
sells
shows
the engines
the materials
boxes
a flow chart
for
to
to
to
the company.
the industrial plant.
the customer.
the team.

(- No Preposition)
Subject Verb Indirect object

Direct Object
I
You
She
He
buy
send
sells
shows
the company
the industrial plant
the customer
the team

the engines
the materials
boxes.
a flow chart

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Objective Pronouns
Objective Pronouns take the place of an object in a sentence.

Objective
Pronouns
Nominative
Pronouns
me
you
her
him
it
us
you
them
I
you
she
he
it
we
you
they

Direct Object; Indirect Object Indirect Object; Direct Object
Susan lent the calculator to me. Susan lent me the calculator.
Susan lent it to me. Susan lent me it

The suppliers promised a powerful engine to us. The suppliers promised us a powerful engine.
The suppliers promised it to us. The suppliers promised us it.

They granted the credit to Ronald. They granted Ronald the credit.
They granted the credit to him. They granted him the credit.
The granted it to Ronald. They granted Ronald it.
They granted it to him. They granted him it.

I offered the projection to the secretaries. I offered the secretaries the projection.
I offered it to the secretaries. I offered them the projection.
I offered the projection to them. I offered the secretaries it.
I offered it to them. I offered them it.

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Activity 1
Identify the Direct Object in the following sentences. Write them in the space provided.

DIRECT OBJECT
1. The secretary files the invoices.

2. The company endorses the product.

3. The key unlocks the file cabinet.

4. I save money every month.

5. The manager uploads the information to the server.

6. The accountant controls the transactions.

7. It is downloading the new application.

8. The secretary hung up the telephone.

Activity 2
Complete the sentence by adding an Indirect Object.

1. The technician programs the computers

2. The overhead projector shows the charts

3. The assistant oversees the payments

4. We invoice the new product

5. The new system improved our sales

6. We received the new merchandise

7. The new web cam is popular

8. They need to update the software

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Activity 3
Substitute the underlined object in the sentence for an objective pronoun.

1. She needs the receipt to claim the guarantee.

2. They refused to accept the illegal document.

3. Hes taking the files to the legal department.

4. The merger is urgent for the other company.

5. The other company copied that strategy from us.

6. The new employee asked me that question earlier.

7. She needs to borrow the phone book for an hour.

8. The engineers design the building for the
corporation.

Activity 4
Substitute the underlined objective pronoun. Follow the example.

0. The company bought it for the conference.
The company bought the overhead projector
for the conference.
1. The boss gave them the feedback.
2. The corporation granted me the award.
3. The secretary is getting him his coffee.
4. The new team is revising it this afternoon.
5. He handed us the manual.
6. Robert left it on his desk.
7. The manager made them a good offer.
8. The sales department ordered it a week ago.
9. They paid them for their services.

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Activity 5
Reverse the order of the Direct and Indirect Objects in these sentences and rewrite them.

Direct Object, Indirect Object Indirect Object, Direct Object

0. They lent the money to us.
They lent us the money
1. You ask the question to the managers.

2. We get the material from the suppliers.

3. I show the data on the meeting.

4. The company sells the product to the customer.

5. Jeff saves his money in the bank.

6. The supplier promised the material to us.

7. The person in line pays for the services we
provide.

8. The sales team does the report for the manager.

9. I agreed to upload all my work to the server.

Activity 6
Use the cues in each box to write two sentences using Direct and Indirect Objects.

the manager / give /
they / afternoon off

1. The manager gave them the afternoon off.

2. The manager gave the afternoon off to them.

The technician / installs
/the software / my
computer

1.

2.

The invoice / show / the
details / the purchase.

1.

2.

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The CEO / give / the
statement / at the
conference

1.

2.

I / use / the web cam /
interview / new
employees

1.

2.

Activity 7
Write realistic answers to the questions that include Direct and Indirect Objects.

Who was the last
person you lent
money to?

The last person I lent money to was my brother. He needed

to buy some books for college, and they were really

expensive. He gave me part of the money yesterday.

How do you usually
pay your bills?

Do you buy things
online?

Do you make
purchases for your
company?

Did you ever sell
anything online?

Who was the last
person you lent
money to?

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SAVING ENERGY IN YOUR KITCHEN
We know that our planet is in danger. What can we do to help Planet Earth? We
can try to save energy by using less of it. One way to save extra energy is to start
in our own kitchens!!
The U.S. Department of Energy reported that using the
refrigerator, the blender, microwave oven, coffee
machine, dishwasher, electric stove, etc., consumes more
than 15% of the total energy that a normal house uses! So
we have to start using ideas and tips to save energy.
Here are some tips:
1) Use the dishwasher only once a day. You can
wash the breakfast, lunch and evening dishes in the
dishwasher at night, or try to air dry your dishes.
2) Keeping your refrigerator temperature between 38 and 42 degrees is a
great way to save energy.
3) Try to use the coffee machine only once a day.
4) Always make more food than you plan to use and freeze it for your own
fast food.
5) Prepare meat, vegetables, and dessert together.
6) Try to cook only one dish meals.
Assessment Question
After reading The Saving Energy Article in Your Kitchen article, write a short
paragraph on more ways to save energy in the kitchen. Minimum of 7-10 lines.


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Chapter 5 What Were You Doing?
Objectives
Understand how the Past Progressive Tense allows you to express correlated
actions that happened in the past.
Comprehend how the Past Tense of the verb "to be" and the Present Participle of
the main verb are used to create the Past Progressive Tense.
Communicate efficiently about past events.

Past Progressive Tense and The Simple Past Tense.

Function 1.
Use the Past Progressive Tense to tell about an activity which takes longer to finish than the time
expression you use.
Yesterday at 3:30 I was communicating the findings.
Three weeks ago the employees were beginning the inventory.

ADVERBS OF TIME
(Time Expressions)

PAST PROGRESSIVE SENTENCE

SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
TO BE:
was / were
MAIN VERB
(Present Participle)
COMPLEMENT
Yesterday at 3:30
Ten minutes ago
Three weeks ago
Last Friday afternoon
A year ago
I
You
Our engineer
They
The employees
was
were
was
were
were
communicating
connecting
achieving
contacting
beginning
the findings.
the keyboard.
reliable results.
all the clients.
the inventory.

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Function 2.
Use the Past Progressive Tense to describe the context for an event in the Past.
You were connecting the keyboard when they called.
Our engineer was achieving reliable results when we noticed the difference.

PAST PROGRESSIVE SENTENCE
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
TO BE:
was / were
MAIN VERB
-PRESENT
PARTICIPLE-
COMPLEMENT
when
(coordinating
conjunction)
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
SENTENCE
I
You
Our engineer
They
The employees
was
were
was
were
were
communicating
connecting
achieving
contacting
finishing
the findings
the keyboard
reliable results
the office
the inventory
you left.
they called.
she came.
the phone rang.
we noticed the
difference.

When you use a sentence in the Past Progressive Tense (A), it always relates to a shorter event or point it
time (B).

past
A
B
present future
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Activity 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb to be.

1. The accountant ____ filing the reports yesterday.
2. Susan ____ checking her account when you called.
3. All the companies ____ hiring new employees at the beginning of the year.
4. The financial officers ____ showing the decline of the sales.
5. The team leader ____ assigning the tasks when the lights went out.
6. Linda, the secretary, ____ doing research about the new product last week.
7. I ____ comparing the quotes before the authorization.
8. The team and I ____ finishing the quotes when the phone rang.

Activity 2
Write the correct form of the present participle.

1. I was __________ (have) a meeting when you called me.
2. The CEO was __________ (enable) the transaction two weeks ago.
3. The sales clerk was __________ (report) the anomalies when the supplier called him.
4. The assistants were __________ (exchange) information after the meeting.
5. The new employee was __________ (browse) the internet for more information.
6. We were __________ (look) for the right supplier when we found them.
7. They were __________ (access) the data bank when the authorization was cancelled.
8. It was ___________ (print) the invoices yesterday morning.

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Activity 3
Complete the following sentences with simple past tense sentences.

1. I was finishing the report when

2. The analyst was doing the projections when

3. The team was finishing the training when

4. She was depositing the check when

5. The accountant was signing the invoices when

6. I was showing the charts when

7. The CEO was having an important meeting
when

8. The new team was giving ideas when

Activity 4
Add a past progressive sentence to each item.

1.
when the package arrived.
2.
when the supplier called.
3.
when they entered the room.
4.
when the urgent document arrived.
5.
when the conference began.
6.
when the plane left.
7.
when we approved the merchandise.
8.
when we completed the task.

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Activity 5
Unscramble the following sentences.

1. doing the backup we yesterday were.

2. a year ago was I for my car saving money.

3. endorsing the company was this product two years ago.

4. the connection was when the technician failed the information uploading.

5. he the information was from the statement copying when the lawyer him stopped.

6. the phone was hanging up when the secretary her cell phone rang.

7. downloading the computer I when was the program shut down.

8. I listening phone when to the conference my cell rang was.

Activity 6
Write sentences using the following cues.

1. We/print/invoices/ yesterday.

2. The new manager/communicate/ the changes

3. The upset client/contact/ customer service

4. We/ go online/ for the first time/ yesterday.

5. She /get/ her license renewed/ yesterday.

6. You/pay/ for your new house/ last year.

7. It/complete/ the analysis.

8. It / print / the documents faster/ yesterday.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to the questions that include the Past Progressive Tense.

What were you doing
last Friday night?

I was doing my e-learning activities. It was very hard

because my Internet connection was a little slow, but I

finished ! Oh, I was listening to my favorite band too.

What were you doing
yesterday at this
time?

What was your boss
doing the last time
you saw her/him?

What were you doing
last time you got
hurt?

What was your
department doing
last month?

What were you doing
last Friday night?

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RECYCLING
Recycling is when you take something, you use it until you cant use it anymore
and then you take it, or part of it, and make another useful thing. Recycling is
becoming more and more popular as time goes by. People are recycling at home,
at the office, at school and even at church. Recycling is really important because
the more we recycle, the less we take from nature.
Helping with recycling is very easy. You can use
the following tips and start making the world a
better place to live in:
Separate your trash: paper, glass, metal
and plastic.
When you go shopping dont use paper
or plastic bags. If you do use them, use them
more than once.
Use both sides of a sheet of paper.
Use rechargeable batteries.
You can donate books or things you
dont use anymore.
You can recycle your cell phone.
Find out what you can recycle and what you cannot.
Dont forget to support the movement by buying recycled objects.

Answer the questions after you finish reading the article. Bring your answers to
class to discuss with your peers.
1. What is recycling?
2. Where can you do your recycling?
3. Why is it important to recycle?
4. Can you think of some other ways to recycle?


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Chapter 6 Are There Any Questions?
Objectives
Express presence and or existence of an object.
Identify and understand the use of there + to be in a sentence.
Utilize there + to be when referring to absence or presence of an object in a
sentence.

There + Be
Use there is and there are to communicate the existence or absence of objects in the
present.
There is a checkbook in the drawer.
There are two accounts in the bank.

VERB There + To Be SUBJECT
COMPLEMENT
there is/are number noun
SINGULAR There
is
isnt
a/an/one
payroll
checkbook
account
transaction
bill
asset
in the drawer.
in the bank.
on the desk.
here.
in the office.
in my car.
on the table.
PLURAL There
are
arent
two
three
a few
fifty
many
payrolls
checkbooks
accounts
transactions
bills
assets

There + Be
Use there was and there were to communicate the existence or absence of objects
in moment in the past.
There was a bill on the desk.
There were many transactions in the office.

VERB There + To Be SUBJECT
COMPLEMENT
there was/were number noun
SINGULAR There
was
wasnt
a/an/one
payroll
checkbook
account
transaction
bill
asset
in the drawer.
in the bank.
on the desk.
here.
in the office.
in my car.
on the table.
PLURAL There
were
werent
two
a few
three
fifty
many
payrolls
checkbooks
accounts
transactions
bills
assets

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Activity 1
Write the correct form of the verb To Be in the present tense, to finish the sentences.

1. There _____ a receipt for $20.00 on the table.
2. There _____ many fees to be paid for this product.
3. There _____ a few checks pending cancelation.
4. There _____ some expenses the company doesnt cover.
5. There _____ an added value to the acquisition.
6. There _____ a transaction that wasnt finished.
7. There _____ a printed budget on the desk.
8. There _____ two rented buildings in this area.

Activity 2
Write the correct noun to finish the following sentences. Use the Word Bank.

Word Bank
bill - checks - employee checkbooks ledger fee assets -
accounts

1. There is a ______________ on the file cabinet.
2. There are five ______________ without signature.
3. There is an ______________ on the reception area.
4. There are two ______________ on my purse, yours and mine.
5. There is an updated ______________ from the accountant.
6. There is a late ______________ you need to pay.
7. There are ______________ without movement this month.
8. There are some ______________ the company needs.

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Activity 3
Write the correct form of the verb To Be in the past tense, to finish the sentences.

1. There _____ great books on sale at the library.
2. There _____ a credit card stolen today.
3. There _____ some reimbursements this month.
4. There _____ a bill to pay for the upgrade of the software.
5. There _____ two incorrect values on the ledger.
6. There _____ five receipts on the envelope.
7. There _____ a manager at the meeting.
8. There _____ many employees at the workshop.

Activity 4
Write the correct form of the verb To Be negative (N) or affirmative (A) in the past tense.

(N) 1. There _____ some reports pending.
(A) 2. There _____ a meeting in five minutes.
(N) 3. There _____ enough resources available.
(N) 4. There _____an overhead projector available.
(A) 5. There _____ fees to pay for the trip.
(A) 6. There _____ five broken computers.
(N) 7. There _____ a computer we could use for this.
(A) 8. There _____ a few openings for that job.

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Activity 5
Finish the sentences by adding at least 4 more words.

1. There are a few restaurants

2. There isnt good audio

3. There were good reviews

4. There wasnt feedback

5. There is good visibility

6. There are many expenses

7. There isnt a check

8. There werent accounts

Activity 6
Circle the correct answer.

1. There (is-arent) a chair in the back for you.
2. There (are- isnt) good comments about the new strategy.
3. There (are was) a red marker on the table.
4. There (werent - are) invoices to fill out a month ago.
5. There (isnt was) a lot of work to do yesterday.
6. There (was are) a few things to do before we leave today.
7. There (is are) a charge for that service.
8. There (were is) unnecessary expenses last month.

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Activity 7

1. engine an there we to fix is need

2. were the there with inventory problems

3. the there are employees at company new

4. missing a there report is

5. the there on charts werent presentation

6. sale today there web cams on are

7. entry an there illegal on the system is

8. budget there of copies the are

Activity 8
Write realistic answers to these questions that include the There Be expressions.

Are there any
foreigners in your
workplace?

Yes, there are. There is a man who is from Australia, his

name is Jason. There are two ladies who are from Brazil,

I think they are related; they are cousins or something

Are there many
students in your
class?

Is there something
you want to learn to
do?

Is there an R&D
department in your
company?

Are there many
employees in your
company?

Are there any
foreigners in your
workplace?

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Green Web Hosting, How Green is Green?
When people talk about business ethics, they often say
that there are many shades of gray. The same is true
for green. A large number of web hosting companies
have adopted the green label to persuade their
customers. However, some are more successful than
others. If you are looking for a web hosting company
that truly is friendly to our planet, it is going to require
a little bit of research. There is no standard to
determine what is green and what isnt. You are the
one to decide which web hosting companies have adopted the best strategies.
Carbon Credits
The most common practice that web hosting companies use to go green is buying carbon
credits. The goal of buying carbon credits is to compensate the environmental impact of
running their business.

Renewable Energy
Instead of buying Carbon Credits, some companies are actually directly using renewable energy
sources, most commonly solar or aeolic energy. This means that these companies are not
creating as many carbon residues.

Other Practices
Another way to determine how environmentally friendly a web hosting company actually is, is
to look at their day to day practices. Some common ways that web hosting companies have
addressed their day to day practices include:
Replacing older, energy inefficient servers with newer more energy efficient servers.
This will cut down the energy consumption which is always a benefit to the
environment.
Using new technologies to reduce the amount of heat that is radiated from the servers.
This helps the environment because it takes a lot of energy to keep servers cool.
Eliminating paper waste is another great way to be greener.

1) What does it mean to go green?
2) How can web hosting companies go green? (Check all the options that apply)
a. not using paper
b. using new technology that reduces heat radiation
c. using solar energy
d. purchasing carbon credits
3) Going green is part of business ethics?
True
False
4) Has your company gone green?
Yes
No
5) Which of the last practices can your company use to go green?
Source: http://www.greenplanet.com/green-web-hosting-%E2%80%93-how-green-is-green/


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Chapter 7 How Many People Did You Call?
Objectives
Measure objects through the use of Countable & Uncountable Nouns with
appropriate noun quantifiers and percentages.
Differentiate objects as Countable or Uncountable Nouns, use appropriate
noun quantifiers and articles with these nouns.
Create sentences that illustrate the measurement of objects with countable
and uncountable nouns, quantifiers and percentages.

Cardinal Numbers
You build numbers in English on a decimal base.

These numbers are essential to use and understand large numbers.

From 1 to 10 From 11 to 19 From 20 to 90 e.g.: from 21 to 29
1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty 21 twenty-one
2 two 12 twelve 30 thirty 22 twenty-two
3 three 13 thirteen 40 forty 23 twenty-three
4 four 14 fourteen 50 fifty 24 twenty-four
5 five 15 fifteen 60 sixty 25 twenty-five
6 six 16 sixteen 70 seventy 26 twenty-six
7 seven 17 seventeen 80 eighty 27 twenty-seven
8 eight 18 eighteen 90 ninety 28 twenty-eight
9 nine 19 nineteen 29 twenty-nine
10 ten

Large numbers are a combination of the previous numbers and the words:

hundred 100
thousand 1,000
million 1,000,000
Examples:

146
100
40
6
one hundred
forty
six
one hundred forty-six
or
one hundred and forty-six

7,382
7,000
300
80
2
seven thousand
three hundred
eighty
two
seven thousand three hundred eighty-two
or
seven thousand three hundred and eighty-two

80,473
80,000
400
70
3
eighty thousand
four hundred
seventy
three
eighty thousand four hundred seventy-three
or
eighty thousand four hundred and seventy-
three

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3,200,690
3,000,000
200,000
600
90
three million
two hundred thousand
six hundred
ninety
three million two hundred thousand, six hundred
[and] ninety

IMPORTANT:
The words hundred, thousand, and
million do NOT take plural forms.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns
A noun that is possible to count or measure is a Countable Noun. Countable Nouns have singular and
plural forms.

STRUCTURE EXAMPLES
WITH NUMBERS
a, an,
one, 1

an office
a gate
a cafeteria
a custom house
a trash can
a procedure

An office is empty.
One trash can is defective.
She wants to meet in a cafeteria.
Open a gate for the trailer to enter.
two, 2
three, 3
4
10
20
5
two offices
three gates
four cafeterias
ten custom houses
twenty trash cans
five procedures

Three gates have to be open.
Four cafeterias are in the area.
We need to purchase 20 trash cans.
You have to perform five procedures.
EXPRESSIONS
a few
many
a lot of
a few measurements
many processes
a lot of cleaning people

A few processes are ready.
We hired many cleaning people.
QUESTIONS
How
many
?
How many trash cans?
How many offices?
How many gates?

How many offices do you have?
How many gates are open?

If it is impossible to measure or count a noun, it is an Uncountable Noun. They are always singular.

STRUCTURE EXAMPLES
WITH
NUMBERS
You DO NOT use numbers
with uncountable nouns
alone. You need to use
quantifiers.

We need help.
Imagination is essential for this.
I ordered fuel.
Time was not sufficient.
EXPRESSIONS
a little of
much
a lot of
fuel
help
imagination
time

They wanted a little of your help.
We need to use a lot of imagination.
QUESTIONS
How
much?
fuel
help
imagination
time

How much fuel do you need for this engine?
How much help is necessary?

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For many Uncountable Nouns you can use Quantifiers (units of measurement) to count them.

Without Quantifiers Quantifiers With Quantifiers
I examine milk at random.
They use recycled oil.
We deliver gas to the stations.
We transport dangerous chemicals.
They pollute water every second.
It stores petroleum.
He takes antibiotics.
glass
bottle
gallon
liter
quart
barrel
milligrams
I examine a glass of milk at random.
They use 100 bottles of recycled oil.
We deliver two million gallons of gas to the
stations.
We transport 1500 liters of dangerous chemicals.
They pollute three quarts of water every second.
It stores 20,000 barrels of petroleum.
He takes 300 milligrams of antibiotics.
They delivered raw materials.
You produced hydrogen.
We stored finished products.
pound
kilogram
ton
They delivered 2,400 pounds of raw materials.
You produced 100 kilograms of hydrogen.
We stored 80 tons of finished products.
Susan sent information.
I want to give you advice.
He found carbon in the diamond.
piece

grain
Susan sent a piece of information.
I want to give you two pieces of advice.
He found a grain of carbon in the diamond.
They examined the product.
Jason took food to the laboratory.
We bought that milk.
They stored oxygen.
box
can
carton
tank
They examined five boxes of the product.
Jason took three cans of food to the laboratory.
We bought 2,000 cartons of that milk.
They stored 100 tanks of oxygen.

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Percentages
It is possible to use percentages with countable and uncountable nouns.

WITH COUNTABLE NOUNS
With Percentages With Proportions
25% of the clients prefer the new service.
50% of the products are defective.
10% of the employees work on Sunday.
1 out of every 4 clients prefers the new service.
1 in 2 products are defective.
1 out of every 10 employees works on Sunday.

WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
With Percentages With Proportions
25% of the gas is over.
50% of the materials go to the warehouse.
10% of the vitamins leave the organism.
1 out of every 4 gallons of gas is over.
1 in 2 kilograms of the materials go to the warehouse.
1 in 10 milligrams of the vitamin leaves the organism.

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Activity 1
Write the following numbers.

1. four hundred, seventy-six.

2. seven million, two hundred and four thousand, seven hundred and fifty-nine.

3. six million, six hundred fifty-four thousand, nine hundred and twelve.

4. nineteen million, eight hundred seventy six thousand, four hundred thirty one.

5. eleven million, eighty-nine thousand, seven hundred fifty-six.

6. twenty six thousand, five hundred and ninety eight

7. one hundred one thousand and eight

8. six million, fifty eight thousand, seven hundred and twelve

Activity 2
Write the following numbers in letters.

a) 90,321

b) 386,503

c) 1,598,209

d) 9,876,548

e) 37,880,134

f) 11,569

g) 9,001

h) 101,066

Activity 3
Identify the following nouns as Countable or Uncountable. Mark an X in the correct column.

Countable Uncountable
1. Report
2. Gas
3. Soup
4. Chairs
5. Invoice
6. Space
7. Sand
8. Managers

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Activity 4
Match the sentences on the right with the sentences on the left.

1. Jenifer wants a bottle of white wine

before exercising.
2. I bought two gallons of gasoline

for the hospital.
3. The printer needs a sheet of paper

for the reception after the
launch.
4. Andrew needs to take 500 milligrams

of that antibiotic.
5. They returned 2 boxes of damaged
merchandise

to print the report.
6. The freight transports one thousand tons of

raw material to the plant
7. I drink 2 glasses of water

for my car yesterday.
8. The late shipment contained 20 tanks of oxygen

to the warehouse.

Activity 5
Write the following sentences with proportions.

1. 25% of our products are eco friendly.

2. In our company, 66% of the
employees are women.

3. 10% of the water supply is polluted.

4. 50% of the profits go to developing
new products.

5. I spend 75% of my time checking
reports.

6. Mr. Smith has 75% of the shares of
the company.

7. We own 25% of the parking lot.

8. We launch 33% of the products in
January.

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Activity 6
Write the following sentences with percentages.

1. 1 in 4 new employees quits before the end of
the year.

2. 2 out of every 3 reports need checking.

3. 1 in 10 invoices have mistakes.

4. 9 out of every 10 products sell well.

5. 1 out of 10 equipments are refurbished.

6. 1 in 3 cell phones are black.

7. 4 in every 5 reviews are good for this product.

8. 1 in 5 computers have an antivirus installed.

Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Countable or Uncountable Nouns.

How many employees are
there in your company?

We are about 40 employees. It is a small company, but

it is also very young. Some employees are new, but most

of us were here when the company started.

What percentage of the
students do you think speaks
English?

What percentage of your
income do you usually save?

How do you organize your
time?

How many hours a day do
you study?

How many employees are
there in your company?

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HOW TO RECYCLE YOUR RUNNING SHOES
Have you ever thought, What
can I do with old running
shoes? There is a website called
Reuse-A-Shoe, where you can
donate your smelly, old running
shoes. A group of students that
wanted to help in new ways to
recycle started this company in
1990. This group of students
talked to the Nike Air Company,
and together they formed the Reuse-A-Shoe website.
After people donate their sneakers, this company cuts the shoes into
very small pieces to create a material called, Nike Grind. They use
this material to create basketball courts, tennis courts, mini soccer
fields, and playgrounds.
So what are you waiting for? Start to recycle your old running shoes.
Find a place to donate them!
After reading the article on How to Recycle your Running Shoes,
answer the following questions,
1) In what year did the company begin to operate?
2) Who created the website?
3) What is Nike Grind?
4) What are some of things this company creates with the
running shoes?
5) Write down other ideas to create ways to recycle old
materials.
Source:
http://www.recycledrunners.com/shoe-donation-programs/shoe-material-recycling-
programs/
http://www.nikereuseashoe.com/where-it-goes


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Chapter 8 Where Are We Going to Meet?
Objectives
Understand the significance of different future structures to describe
specific actions, in the future.
Understand how all Future Forms are structured either by using:
Modal will along with the base form of the verb.
To be forms along with going to+ main verb base form.
To be forms along with present participle of the main verb.
Use target Future Forms to describe actions in the future.

The Future
Three important ways to tell about the future are:
The Simple Future Tense.
Be going to

The Simple Future Tense
Use the Simple Future Tense to tell about future events you have no plan for.

SUBJECT MODAL WILL
MAIN VERB
Base Form
COMPLEMENT
I
You
We
She
He
will

will not
wont
arrive
comply
cut down
push
transport
on time.
with the procedure.
on our expenses
the team.
the supplies.

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Be Going To
Use Be Going To to tell about future events you have a plan for.

SUBJECT
Auxiliary
To Be
Going To
MAIN VERB
Base Form
COMPLEMENT
I
You
She
It
He
We
They
am
is
are
-
am not
arent
isnt
going to

arrive
comply
cut down
push
transport
lose
turn up
on time.
with the procedure.
on our expenses
the team.
the supplies.
the deal.
the heat.

Present Progressive Tense
Use the Present Progressive Tense to tell about events in the near future with or without a plan.

SUBJECT
Auxiliary
To Be
MAIN VERB
Present
Participle
COMPLEMENT
I
You
She
It
He
We
They
am
is
are
-
am not
isnt
arent
arriving
complying
cutting down
pushing
transporting
losing
turning up
on time.
with the procedure.
on our expenses
the team.
the supplies.
the deal.
the heat.

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The Simple Future Tense and Be Going To
Use the Simple Future Tense or Be Going To to express predictions for the future. You can make
predictions about things you have no control over.

Predictions with The
Simple Future Tense

Predictions with
Be Going To
It will rain It is going to rain.
She will arrive early. She is going to arrive early.
They will steal the idea. They are going to steal the idea.
He will lose his job. He is going to lose his job.

Time Adverbs for the Future.
When you express ideas about the future you usually need time expressions.

Sentence in the Future Time Adverb Example.
You will cut down the waste.
I will turn up the volume.
She wont comply with the demands.

We are going to close the plant.
They are going to lose the client.
He is going to push the button.

I am transporting the products.
It is affecting our plans.
They are exploiting the resources.

later
tomorrow

You will cut down the waste later.
I will turn up the volume tomorrow.

She wont comply with the demands next year.
We are going to close the plant next Tuesday.
They are going to lose the client next April.
He is going to push the button next time.

I am transporting the products in five hours.
It is affecting our plans in 20 minutes.
They are exploiting the resources in three days.
next
week
month
year
-
Tuesday
April
-
term
time
meeting

in
a year
five moths
two weeks
three days
20 minutes

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Activity 1
Change the following sentences into the Simple Future Tense.

1. Robert arrives at the city at 2:00 pm.

2. The bank closes the account for security reasons.

3. The company doesnt lose money on that transaction.

4. The freight transports the products.

5. The manager allows the recall of merchandise.

6. This process examines the potential employees.

7. The workshop improves the productivity.

8. We deliver the product next week.

Activity 2
Finish the following sentences. Add at least 5 more words.

1. Martin is going to throw

2. We are going to ship

3. The apprentice is going to use

4. The damage is going to

5. The sales department is going to get in

6. The marketing department is going to come up

7. The accountant is going to budget

8. The label is going to warn

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Activity 3
Use the cues to create sentences in the Present Progressive Tense for the Future.

1. Jason/earn/more money.

2. The manager/delegate/new projects.

3. I / present / the new strategy.

4. The company / reimburse / the affected people.

5. The projections / estimate / risks for this month.

6. The computer / balance / the numbers.

7. The auditor / calculating / profits.

8. The student / ask / important question.

Activity 4
Use an appropriate Time Adverb for the Future to finish the sentences.

1. I will clean my desk

2. The system will allow you entrance

3. The doctor will examine me

4. Our performance will improve

5. Allen is going to take a vacation

6. The computer is storing the data

7. He is changing my password

8. The cleaning person is cleaning up the bathroom

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Activity 5
Change the sentences using the Present Progressive Tense. Follow the example

Activity 6
Create a prediction for the future using Be Going To. Follow the example.

1. I will change my password in the
old computer.
I am changing my password in the old computer.
2. The manager will examine the
proposal tomorrow.

3. The angry client will call customer
service in a few minutes.

4. The cashier will charge late fees in
the afternoon.

5. The teacher will not give them
their grades.

6. They will not cut down the costs.

7. The sales department will plan the
strategy again next week.

8. I will arrive at the office really
soon.

1. I will finish on time. I am going to finish on time.
2. The new employee will ask for directions.

3. The company will acquire more shares.

4. Kevin will receive a bad report.

5. The new alliance will give us more clients.

6. We will leave the office at night.

7. Security will offer protection for us.

8. I will read the book tonight.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include the Future Forms.

What are you going
to do once you finish
this activity?

I am going to eat a snack. Maybe I will eat an apple or

a slice of pie. Im going out for dinner tonight so I dont

want to eat too much.

What are you going
to do next time you
get a vacation break?

What are you doing
this weekend?

When are you going
to do your e-learning
activities?

How are you going
to improve your
English?

What are you going
to do once you finish
this activity?

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HOW OIL SPILLS AFFECT THE WORLD

Chances are you know about what happened in the Gulf of
Mexico this year. A company called Deepwater Horizon BP was
responsible for the biggest oil spill in the history of the world.
What are some of the effects of oil spills to our planet? Oil
spilled in the ocean mixes with the water and it creates what
scientists call mousse, a substance that sticks to plants and
animals in the ocean. Some animals become very sick and die.
This situation creates many problems for the eco-systems.

Oil spills also affected humans. When the oil reaches land, it
creates pollution, and people cannot use the land for farming
vegetables and fruits, because these foods will have toxic effects
if people eat them. Tourism also suffers, because tourists dont
want to vacation in these areas. Tourists are afraid to get sick, so these disasters also affect economies.
The U.S. Department of Health is planning to sue The Deepwater Horizon BP Company, so they can use
the money to help clean the ocean of this oil spill.
After reading the article on How Oil Spills Affect the World, answer the following questions by
underlining the correct answer.

1) An oil spill is...
a) Oil spilled into the ocean and land.
b) Oil spilled into only land.
c) Oil spilled into an eco-system.
d) A and C
2) What is Mousse...?
a) A substance that makes animals, humans and plants sick.
b) A substance an animal can eat.
c) A substance that makes plants live.
d) A substance that sticks to ships in the ocean.
3) Humans are affected by an oil spill because...
a) They can get sick.
b) It affects the economy.
c) They cannot vacation at the beaches.
d) All of the above.
How would you help the local authorities clean if an oil spill happened?


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Chapter 9 This Program Is Much Better!
Objectives
Understand the importance of Comparative Adjectives to identify the
difference between two objects in a sentence.
Learn to apply the correct grammatical rules to create the comparative
forms for different types of adjectives.
Create sentences using comparative adjectives when comparing and
contrasting two objects.

Comparative Adjectives
You use Comparative Adjectives to compare two objects or two groups of objects.

Adjectives of one syllable
Add er

EXAMPLES
cheap
great
nice
safe
small
cheaper
greater
nicer
safer
smaller
These products are cheaper than our products.
The factory is greater than it was 5 years ago.
Your cubicle is nicer than an office.
The assignments are safer than the last ones.
My waste basket is smaller than that one.

than Use this conjunction in comparative sentences.

Adjectives of Two Or More Syllables*
Use the Word more

EXAMPLES
damaged
difficult
expensive
natural
outdated
more damaged
more difficult
more expensive
more natural
more outdated
The supplies are more damaged than last time.
My assignment was more difficult than his.
This tool is more expensive than the one we have.
Our product is more natural than the competitors.
My process map is more outdated than yours.

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*Adjectives of Two Syllables
Ending in y

Drop the y, Add ier

EXAMPLES
busy
easy
risky
tasty
busier
easier
riskier
tastier
The womens bathroom was busier than this one.
My job is easier than it was last year.
These processes are riskier than the old ones.
The new product is tastier than this one.

Some few adjectives have irregular comparative forms.

Common Irregular
Comparatives

EXAMPLES
good
bad
little
far
better
worse
less
farther
The new process map is better than the old one.
This product is worse than that one.
There are less assignments than I thought.
The big warehouse is farther than the small one.

Fewer or Less
You use fewer with Countable Nouns. You use less with Uncountable nouns.

Countable
Nouns.
Uncountable
Nouns.
assignment
tool
product
bathroom
process map
work
information
merchandising
water
time

Fewer Less
fewer assignments
fewer tools
fewer products
fewer bathrooms
fewer process maps
less work
less information
less merchandising
less water
less time

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Fewer: Countable Nouns. Less: Uncountable Nouns.
I do fewer assignments at the office.
There are fewer tools in the program.
They spend on fewer products in January
We have fewer bathrooms in these
buildings.
We use fewer process maps in this plant.
I do less work at the office.
There is less information in the program.
They spend less on merchandising in January.
We have less water in this building.
We use less time in this plant.

Activity 1
Write less or fewer to complete each sentence.

1. Scott has _______ books than he had last year.
2. _______ gas was needed for our factory.
3. We will have _______ work this month.
4. Mrs. Simon has _______ students in her class than Mrs. Clark.
5. This tank has ______ capacity than the other tank.
6. There are ______ jobs available this year than last year.
7. We have spent ______ time on this project this year.

Activity 2
Change each adjective into its comparative form to finish each sentence.

(busy) 1. The office is ______________ during the day than during the night.
(difficult) 2. The new assignment is ______________ than the last assignment.
(cheap) 3. Our product is ______________ than other products.
(natural) 4. The color on the package looks ______________ now than before.
(safe) 5. The new firewall is ______________ than the previous one.
(outdated) 6. The report is ______________ now than yesterday.
(expensive) 7. The new supplier is ______________ than the old one.

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Activity 3
Underline the correct word.

1. (Fewer/Less) good services from our part, means (fewer/less) clients.
2. My report has (fewer/less) information than your report.
3. Our company has 50% (fewer/less) mistakes than other companies.
4. Last month we had 12% (fewer/less) invoices than this month.
5. 2% (fewer/less) customers complain about this service.
6. With the new system, we have (fewer/less) reports to fill.
7. (Fewer/Less) people know about the new office address.

Activity 4
Write less or fewer to complete each sentence.

1. The old product has 25% _____ growth this year.
2. We lose 75% _____ information now, with the new system.
3. The more we recycle, the _____ we pollute.
4. It takes me _____ time to do invoices now.
5. _____ people have access to the main floor.
6. _____ changes are made to the new structure.
7. We waste _____ paper now with the email.

Activity 5
Use the cues to create sentences using comparative adjectives. Follow the example.

0. The monthly report /
urgent/ the annual report.
The monthly report is more urgent than the
annual report.
1. This supplier / reliable /
the other supplier.

2. The HR department /
complete / the others.

3. The sales report / wrong /
the budget.

4. The merchandise / cheap
/ it was last year.

5. Feedback / beneficial /
critique.

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6. Checking reports / easy /
making reports.

7. The market / stable / last
year.

8. Cars / pricey /
motorcycles.

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Chapter 10 We Aim For the Best Quality.
Objectives
Understand the importance of Superlative Adjectives to identify the object
of the highest degree object within a group, in reference to a specific
adjective.
Learn to apply the correct grammatical rules to create the Superlative
Forms for different type of adjectives.
Create sentences using Superlative Adjectives to identify the object of the
highest degree object within a group, in reference to a specific adjective.

Superlative Adjectives
You use Superlative Adjectives to express that an element is superior within a group.

Adjectives of One syllable
Add est

EXAMPLES
cheap
great
nice
quiet
safe
the cheapest
the greatest
the nicest
the quietest
the safest
These are the cheapest boxes in the market.
He is the greatest person to give speeches.
That was the nicest place to hold a meeting in.
The quietest engine needs maintenance.
The safest warehouse we have is fireproof.

THE Use the with all the Superlative Forms.

Adjectives of Two Or More Syllables*
Use the Word most

EXAMPLES
damaged
effective
powerful
simple
wasted
the most damaged
the most effective
the most powerful
the most simple
the most wasted
The most damaged case is this one.
This is the most effective flow chart for this process.
He is the most powerful man in the corporation.
The most simple projection is easy to calculate
Paper is the most wasted resource in the company.


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*Adjectives of Two Syllables
Ending in y

Drop the y, Add iest

EXAMPLES
busy
easy
lucky
risky
tasty
the busiest
the easiest
the luckiest
the riskiest
the tastiest
The busiest man in the company is Michael.
We think this is the easiest projection.
George is the luckiest person I know.
That is the riskiest place to open a business.
The tastiest products are usually expensive.


Some few adjectives have irregular superlative forms.

Common Irregular
Comparatives

EXAMPLES
good
bad
little
far
best
worst
least
farthest
This is the best system available.
That was the worst alternative.
This is the least we can accept.
The farthest branch we have is in Spain.

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Activity 1
Write the superlative of the following adjectives.

1. unable

2. complete

3. reliable

4. national

5. stable

6. beneficial

7. wrong

8. affordable

Activity 2
Change each adjective into its superlative form to create a complete sentence.

Complex

1.
Inefficient

2.
Precise

3.
Artificial

4.
Powerful

5.
Simple

6.
Quiet

7.
Unprofitable

8.

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Activity 3
Use the cues to create a complete sentence. Remember to use the superlative form of the adjectives.

Process / dangerous
0. That process is the most dangerous one, be careful!
Open /heavy / door 1.
Taylor / kind / man 2.
Paris / beautiful / place 3.
Accurate / projection 4.
Our / warehouse / spacious 5.
The new information / precise 6.
The system / inefficient 7.
The meeting / quick 8.

Activity 4
Finish the sentences by writing the superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses. Remember to
include The

1. This is _____________________ product we have. (expensive)
2. Donald is _____________________ boss in the office. (fair)
3. I have to go to _____________________ location. (remote)
4. We have to look for _____________________ way to do this. (legal)
5. _____________________ freight left today at 4:00 a.m. (urgent)
6. We have _____________________ procedure in the market. (safe)
7. Our sources are _____________________. (reliable)
8. This insurance is _____________________ I could find. (beneficial)

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Activity 5
Finish the sentences by writing the correct superlative form. Use the word bank.

Word Bank
profitable - priciest - busiest - simplest - automated - redundant -
quietest - precise - cheapest

1. I take the ___________ bus in the mornings.
2. The most ___________ calculations come from Tom.
3. The most ___________ machines will be available in May.
4. These sales strategies are the ___________.
5. The ___________ meeting room is the one in the left.
6. The new model is the most ___________ we have.
7. I did the most ___________ report on the team.
8. We have both; the ___________ and the ___________ product.

Activity 6
Correct the following sentences.

1. The computer is the more important tool in the office.
2. The metric system is the accurate.
3. That error is the more commoner.
4. Electricity is importantest resource.
5. This is the more safer factory.
6. I finished the more difficultest project.
7. Linda has the outdatest schedule.
8. The more affordable office is this one.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Superlative Adjective.

What is the best
thing about your
job?

The best thing about my job is that I can learn a lot.

My boss has many years of experience in retailing and he

teaches me new things every day.

Which is the worst
thing about getting
sick?

Who is the newest
employee in your
company?

Why do people like
to buy the most
expensive clothes?

Which is the easiest
way to organize your
time?

What is the best
thing about your
job?

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REUSING
Recycling is an excellent way to help
the planet and for some people it is
even a way of making a living.
Nevertheless, did you know that there
are some other ways to help other than
recycling? One of them is reusing.
The difference between reusing and
recycling is that with recycling you
need to reprocess (transform, purify,
remanufacture, etc) while reusing is
just using something over and over again until it really doesnt work anymore.
From plastic bags, bicycle tires, paper rolls and old socks, there are many ways to
find a second life for simple items around your home.
Reusing is very simple; here you have some ideas:
Reuse pens and art supplies by donating them to local schools.
Reuse wrapping paper and save it for your next gift.
Reuse old curtains as rags for cleaning your car.
Reuse paper bags as school book covers.
Reuse seeds from fruits or vegetables and try to grow them.
Most of us want to help and recycle but sometimes we dont have the time, or the
resources to do it. If you really think about it, recycling makes you spend energy
and fuel, which we can save if we start reusing.
So, what are you waiting for? Use your imagination and start saving the planet by
reusing!
After reading the article, answer the questions and discuss them with your
classmates.
1. What is the difference between recycling and reusing?
2. For you, which one is better recycling or reusing? Why?
3. Can you think about some other examples for reusing?


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Chapter 11 Their Company Is Not As Big As Ours.
Objectives
Understand the significance of establishing ownership or relationship
between two elements in a sentence.
Demonstrate how a noun or possessive noun can be substituted with a
possessive pronoun to indicate possession or ownership of an object.
Construct sentences using Possessive Pronouns to indicate ownership of an
object or relation between two elements.

Possessive Pronouns
You use Possessive Pronouns to substitute a subject or an object in a sentence, communicating
ownership at the same time.

Possessive
Pronouns
Nominative
Pronouns
mine
yours
hers
his
its
ours
yours
theirs
I
you
she
he
it
we
you
they

Possessive Pronouns as Subjects.
Without Possessive Pronouns With Possessive Pronouns.
My bus comes at 6:30 sharp.
Your leather chair reduces lower back stress.
Her electricity bill came yesterday afternoon.
His manufacturer is very automated.
Her resources were plentiful.
Its high resolution screen doesnt work.
Our monthly freight left the plant three days ago.
Your general goals are very realistic.
Their workers handle the products with care.
Mine comes at 6:30 sharp.
Yours reduces lower back stress.
Hers came yesterday afternoon.
His is very automated.
Hers were plentiful.
Its doesnt work.
Ours left the plant three days ago.
Yours are very realistic.
Theirs handle the products with care.

Possessive Pronouns as Objects.
Im waiting for my new bus.
You need to pick up your old chair.
She wants to reduce her gas bills.
We help his manufacturer.
They cut down her resources.
They changed its high resolution screen.
We delivered our weekly freight.
Rewrite your specific goals, please.
They encourage their workers.
Im waiting for mine.
You need to pick up yours.
She wants to reduce hers.
We help his.
They cut down hers.
They changed its.
We delivered ours.
Rewrite yours, please.
They encourage theirs.

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(Possessive Adjectives / Possessive Nouns)
My chair is blue; your chair is black.
My chair is more comfortable than your chair.
Mine is blue; yours is black.
Mine is more comfortable than yours.
Our plant is efficient; their plant is inefficient.
Our plant is more efficient than their plant.
Ours is efficient; theirs is inefficient.
Ours is more efficient than theirs.
Susans goal is complex. Leo and Teds goal is simple.
Susans goal is more complex than Leo and Teds goal.
Hers is complex. Theirs is simple.
Hers is more complex than theirs.
My freight is late; his freight came on time.
I ordered my freight last week.
He paid for his freight yesterday.
Mine is late; his came on time.
I ordered mine last week.
He paid for his yesterday.
Her screen has a high resolution; his screen is standard.
Her screen was very expensive; His screen was cheaper.
Hers has a high resolution; his is standard.
Hers was very expensive; his was cheaper.

Like or As
You can use like and as to express similarities.

like
Use like
before a noun or
a pronoun.
She is like the last manufacturer we had.
Like our customers, we need quality.
We need a screen like that one.
You have to handle things like they do.
It looks like an electric problem.

as
Use as before a
complete sentence (subject
+ verb)
As you know, the deadline is tomorrow.
As the company agreed, we will be ready.
She is an efficient employee, as her sister was.
As we anticipated, we have more resources.

as...as

Use asas to make
comparisons

as + adjective + as
Our product is as efficient as theirs.
The program is as precise as the new one.
He seems as interested as Michael.
Its not as automated as I imagined.
Their plan is not as complex as ours.

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Activity 1
Use possessive pronouns to change the following sentences. Follow the example.

1. I carry my agenda. I carry mine.
2. Our plant has the best equipment.

3. Jeffs bus is running late today.

4. The managers chairs are pricey.

5. The printers cartridge is expensive.

6. The buildings electrical bill is high.

7. Our resources are unlimited.

8. My goal is to conquer my fears.

9. Her job is to warn us.

Activity 2
Write like or as in the following sentences.

1. _____ the plant, the warehouse is always open.
2. _____ we predicted, this product sells very well.
3. _____ you all know, our launch day is coming soon.
4. _____ our headquarters ordered, we will be expanding our
services next week.
5. It is an important rule, _____ the previous one was.
6. That new projector looks _____ the old one.
7. This conference room is just _____ the one we have back home.
8. As parents, we want our children to be _______ us.

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Activity 3
Finish the sentences by changing the possessive pronouns with the word in parentheses. Follow
the example.

0. I didnt bring mine. (agenda)
I didnt bring my agenda.
1. Jason called his. (secretary)
2. The secretary repeated hers. (report)
3. Our freight delivers theirs. (products)
4. The man earns his. (paycheck)
5. Kimberly handles ours. (accounts)
6. The engineer uses his. (tools)
7. The ship follows ours. (path)
8. We apply ours. (rules)

Activity 4
Use the cues to create comparative sentences with asas. Follow the example.

0. Our budget / good
Our budget is as good as theirs.
1. My list / long

2. The managers earnings / high

3. The internets signal / strong

4. The average man / tall

5. The countrys deficit / old

6. This application / useful

7. Our formula / successful

8. Our program / accurate

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Activity 5
Underline the Possessive Adjectives and circle the Possessive Pronouns in the following sentences.

0. My friends always tell me I should share my things, but I dont like to share whats mine.
1. Their presentation was boring. My feeling is that everyone will love ours.
2. My advice would be not to touch his computer; his anger level isnt as good as yours.
3. Your attitude towards your job should be a positive one, because its not his job its yours.
4. Something is wrong with her faxing machine; I think shes using your password, not hers.
5. Our company is our pride and our joy, thats why we feel its ours.
6. This chair is mine! Not yours! Go find your own chair; its not my problem anymore.
7. His responsibility is admirable; we should follow his example; that will be my goal.
8. Our goal here in our workplace, is to make decisions as if the company was ours.

Activity 6
Use the cues to create comparative sentences with asas. Follow the example.

Temperature in New York: 10F/Temperature in Long Island: 10F.
The temperature in New York is as cold as in Long Island .
Burj Kahlifa Building, Dubai: 2,716 ft high/Taipei 101 Building, Taipei: 1,667 ft high.
__________________________________________________________.
Our product: Excellent/Their product: Excellent.
__________________________________________________________.
Company X freight cost: $100/Company Y freight cost: $150.
__________________________________________________________.
Bugatti Veyron: 267 mph/ Ferrari Enzo: 217 mph.
__________________________________________________________.
His Service: Bad/Her Service: Bad.
__________________________________________________________.
"Avatar" made: $350 Million/ "Transformers 2" made: $200 Million.
__________________________________________________________.
Drinking: bad for your health/ Smoking: bad for your health.
__________________________________________________________.
Resource A: Great Results. / Resource B: Great Results.
__________________________________________________________.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Possessive Pronouns.

How did you choose
your career?

I chose mine because I wanted to work with technology.

Ive always liked computers and gadgets, so I wanted my

future job to be related with all of that.

Is your desk as neat
as your coworkers?

What makes your
company better than
the competition?

Is your English
better than your
classmates?

Whose grades are
the best in your
group?

How did you choose
your career?

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FUR TRADING
Do you know what fur trading is? Fur trading is when animals get
killed to sell their fur to make expensive clothes. It is an illegal
practice because fur trading is making some species become extinct.
Some endangered species are:
Minks: are carnivore
mammals that live in North
America as well as in Europe.
Chinchillas are also
mammals but they look like
very small mice with
beautiful fur. They live in
Peru.
Foxes are also medium size
mammals, that have different
colors of fur, and they live in
North America, Mexico, South America, and parts of Europe.
How can you help stop this fur trading? Please, do not buy clothes
made out of fur! You can also donate money to different
organizations to stop the production in fur trading farms, and send
e-mails to these organizations to create awareness!
After reading the article on Fur Trading, answer the following
questions,
1) What is fur trading?
2) What are some of the species that are in danger?
3) Can you think of other species that are also in danger?
4) What are some of the actions that you can take to help
organizations raise money to fight these farms?
Source: http://www.greenlivingtips.com/blogs/550/Animal-liberation-gone-too-
far.html

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Chapter 12 Weve Made a Major Breakthrough.
Objectives
Understand the need of using the Present Perfect Tense to describe an action
whose significance is more relevant than the specific point in time the event
took place in.
Learn to structure the Present Perfect Tense by using the auxiliary verb to
have and the Past Participle of the main verb.
Practice the Present Perfect Tense so it can be used to establish presence or
absence of an event in the past.

Present Perfect Tense Function 1
You use the Present Perfect Tense to describe an event in the past. The event is more important
than the specific point in time the event happened in.

Subject
Auxiliary
To have
Main Verb
(Past Participle)
Complement
I
You
She
He
It
We
You
They

Robert
The corporation
My assistant
have
has
-
have not
has not
-
havent
hasnt

answered
consumed
compared
demanded
asked for
eaten
had
met

sent
written
gone over
their emails.
all the paper.
the ambitious offers.
an assistant
a password.
our lunch.
the bonus before.
our freelance consultants.

the briefcase.
a paper on their findings.
her inbox.

Some Example Sentences in the
Present Perfect Tense
I have answered their emails.
You have consumed all the paper.
She has compared the ambitious offers.
We havent eaten our lunch.
They havent met our freelance consultants.
Robert hasnt sent the briefcase.

past
?
present future
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Present Perfect Tense Function 2
You use the Present Perfect Tense to tell if a task that was part of a plan is done or pending. For
this function, you need adverbs: still, yet or already.

Done
Tasks
E Answer surveys.
E Eat breakfast.
E Compare quotes.
E Repair server.
With
already
I have already answered the surveys.
You have already eaten your breakfast.
She has already compared the quotes.
They have already repaired the server.
I have answered the surveys already.
You have eaten your sandwich already.
She has compared the quotes already.
They have repaired the server already.

Pending
Tasks
E Answer surveys.
E Eat breakfast.
E Compare quotes.
E Repair server.
With
Still
I still havent answered the surveys.
You still havent eaten your breakfast.
She still hasnt compared the quotes.
They still havent repaired the server.
With
Yet
I havent answered the surveys yet.
You havent eaten your sandwich yet.
She hasnt compared the quotes yet.
They havent repaired the server yet.

past
?
present future past present future
A. E
B. E
C. E
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Past Participle of Verbs
Verbs in their Past Participle Form can be Regular or Irregular.
Go to the appendices at the end of the book for a larger list of irregular verbs.*

Some Regular Verbs Some Irregular Verbs.*
Base
Form
Past
Participle
Base
Form
Past
Participle
answer
arrive
ask for
call
compare
deliver
email
end
talk
wait
answered
arrived
asked for
called
compared
delivered
emailed
ended
talked
waited
choose
eat
fall
forget
give
go over
have
leave
take
write
chosen
eaten
fallen
forgotten
given
gone over
had
left
taken
written

Regular Verbs
Past Participle Example Sentences
answered
arrived
asked for
called
compared
delivered
emailed
ended
talked
waited
I have answered the important emails.
Drew has arrived early all the time.
The consultants have asked for information.
She has called my assistant.
You have compared the charts.
We havent delivered the expected results.
He hasnt emailed the files.
It hasnt ended yet.
They havent talked to each other.
Allan hasnt waited for too long.

Irregular Verbs
Past Participle Example Sentences
chosen
eaten up
fallen
forgotten
given
gone over
had
left
taken
written
I have chosen our main suppliers.
Drew has eaten up her budget.
The consultants have fallen behind schedule.
She has forgotten the procedure.
You have given great advice.
We havent gone over the ledger.
He hasnt had a day off in a long time.
It hasnt left the safe.
They havent taken any precautions.
Allan hasnt written the complaint.

* Go to the appendices at the end of this book for a more complete list of irregular verbs.

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Activity 1
Write the correct form of the verb To Have to create sentences in the Present Perfect Tense.

1. The market

grown over the past few years.
2. The agency

employed thousands of people.
3. The customers

filed a complaint.
4. The form

been filled out correctly.
5. The facts

been proven with proper information.
6. The patent

been revised by the entity.
7. The associates

attended the meeting.
8. The corporation

won many titles.

Activity 2
Write the correct form of the verbs in Past Participle to create sentences in the Present Perfect
Tense.

keep 1. She has always ________________ the computers manual in the drawer.
know 2. Laura has ________________ me for ten years.
follow 3. The manager has always ________________ the rules.
import 4. The supplier has ________________ the essential material to the warehouse.
mail 5. The customers have ________________ the warranty.
meet 6. The HR managers have ________________ the possible candidates.
see 7. I have ________________ the outlines for the new campaign.
ask 8. The associate has ________________ for the complete report.

Activity 3
Finish the following Present Perfect Tense sentences.

1. The new employee has already asked

2. The valuable asset has already been.

3. The unreasonable customer still hasnt agreed

4. The female agent hasnt chosen
yet.
5. The daily meeting hasnt delayed my

6. The ethical rule still hasnt changed
7. The fast car has achieved

8. The predictable weather has already caused

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Activity 4
Create sentences in the Present Perfect Tense using the cues.

1. The owner/exports / raw material

2. The supplier / import / still / our product

3. The customer / pay /already / the annual fee

4. The gate / broke apart / yet

5. The marketing department/ seen / gimmick

6. The workforce / meet /yet / the subordinates.

7. The agency / bring / still / the new prototype.

8. The reseller / already / buy / the new device.

Activity 5
Put each verb from the word bank, in the correct column.

Word Bank
known follows seen asked choose watched out
brings gone sent yielded weigh drive driven been

Simple present Present Participle

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Activity 6
Create sentences in the Present Perfect Tense with the following verbs.

yield
1.
start
2.
watch out
3.
ask
4.
rent
5.
sort
6.
bring
7.
supply
8.

Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include expressions using the Present Perfect tense.

Have you ever been
to the U.S.?

I have never been to The States, but I have been to Canada

twice. It was when I was only a child, so I dont remember

much about it. I did learn some English, though.

Has your company
made any changes?

Have you completed
your e-learning
activities yet?

Have you ever read a
book in English?

Has your boss ever
congratulated you?

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Have you ever been
to the U.S.?

A NATURAL DETERGENT
CALLED SOAPNUTS
Can you imagine the amount of water
pollution regular detergents create when
you wash the dishes or when you wash
your clothes? There is a natural way to
do these chores without harming the
environment: Organic solutions such as
Soapnuts. Soapnuts are small yellow-
brown fruits, which are about one inch
in size, and with a black seed. These
nuts grow in China, Asia, and parts of
North and Central America. The shells
contain a liquid called saponin, this is
an alternative to detergent.
You can use 3 of these nuts in a cotton bag in your washer, and you can
re-use those same nuts up to 4 more times to wash clothes or dishes.
Here are examples where you can use these seeds:
1) As shampoo for your body and hair.
2) To polish jewelry.
3) To wash cars, floors, furniture, etc.
You can buy these shells at your local nature store or you can order them
online in different websites. So please, start using alternative detergents!
After reading the article, answer the following questions:
1) What are soapnuts?
2) In what parts of the world do these shells grow?
3) What is saponin?
4) What are some of the natural ways to use these shells?

Source: http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/166/1/Soapnuts---natures-detergent.html

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Chapter 13 Weve Been Calling You All Morning.
Objectives
Understand the need of using the Present Perfect Tense to describe an action
whose significance is more relevant than the specific point in time the event
took place in.
Learn to structure the Present Perfect Tense by using the auxiliary verb to
have and the Past Participle of the main verb.
Practice the Present Perfect Tense so it can be used to establish presence or
absence of an event in the past.

The Present Perfect Progressive Tense
You use the Present Perfect Progressive to describe an action, event or condition that began in the
past and continues into the present.

Subject
Auxiliary Verb
To Have
Auxiliary Verb
To Be
Main Verb
Complement
I
You
She
They
We
Charlie
The associates
have
has
-
havent
hasnt
been
asking for
following
importing
keeping
meeting
watching out
choosing
the forms.
the customers case.
the goods.
my perks in the bank.
with the agency representatives.
for mistakes.
workforce carefully.

Present Perfect Progressive sentences often use prepositions for or since to make the
message more specific.

Preposition Since
I have been keeping busy.
He has been asking about you.
We have been choosing our projects.
Since
+
Point in Time
I have been keeping busy since June.
He has been asking about you since Tuesday.
We have been choosing our projects since 2003.

present past future
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Preposition For
I have been keeping busy.
He has been asking about you.
We have been choosing our projects.
For
+
Time Length
I have been keeping busy for two months.
He has been asking about you for four days.
We have been choosing our projects for 7 years.

Activity 1
Write the correct form of the verb To Have to complete the sentences.

1. The manager ________ been answering all my questions.
2. The corporation ________ been demanding the quotes.
3. My inbox ________ been erasing new emails.
4. The assistants ________ been eating at the cafeteria.
5. The cleaning person ________ been attending a workshop.
6. Lisas equipment ________ been working fine.
7. We ________ been shipping the merchandise over night.
8. The factories ________ been delivering products on time.

Activity 2
Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses to complete the sentences.

1. Nancy has been __________ the checkbook. (balance)
2. I have been __________ new employees for the training. (sign up)
3. The agency has been __________ the profits. (calculate)
4. We have been __________ the deficit for the corporation. (lower)
5. The sales clerk has been __________ the new product. (offer)
6. The whole department has been __________ late from the office. (leave)
7. The company has been __________ the same product for a year. (sell)
8. They have been __________ the report since yesterday. (writing)

I have been keeping busy for two months.
I have been keeping busy since June.
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Activity 3
Add a preposition to complete the sentence. Remember prepositions you can use are: since and for.

1. I have been working here.

2. William has been showing the results.

3. The secretary has been writing the report.

4. We have been asking for instructions.

5. The corporation has been endorsing
products.

6. The suppliers have been developing the
gimmicks.

7. The technician has been downloading the
software.

8. It has been printing the documents.

Activity 4
Complete the following sentences in the Present Perfect Progressive Tense.

1. The factory has been producing since

2. I have been assigning since

3. The engineer has been developing the plan for

4. Jane and Nelson have been using the office since

5. We have been selling this product for

6. The accountant has been auditing since

7. They have been budgeting for

8. I have been warning you since

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Activity 5
Write sentences in the Present Perfect Progressive Tense using the cues.

the messenger /deliver / important mail
1.
the consultant / attending / meetings
2.
we / waste / paper
3.
David / take / classes
4.
the cafeteria / have / new sandwiches
5.
the building / lose / electrical power
6.
the outlet on my office / not work
7.
Helen / handle / the customers
8.

Activity 6
Write sentences in the Present Perfect Progressive Tense with the following verbs.

Go over
1.
Ask for
2.
Repair
3.
Compare
4.
Retail
5.
End
6.
Email
7.
Eat
8.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include the Present Perfect Progressive tense.

Have you been
practicing your
English?

Yes, I have. I have been speaking in English with my sister;

she speaks English very fluently. I have also been watching

a TV series in English. I think it is helping.

How long have you
been working in your
current job?

Have you been
taking good care of
your heath?

How have you been
solving your English
doubts?

Has your company
been updating its
processes?

Have you been
practicing your
English?

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Patriotism
Patriotism means different things to different
people. The Websters dictionary defines
patriotism as a love for or devotion to ones
country.
To be patriotic means to show respect for
your country. It also means to love your
country. If you do not love your country, there
is no way you can respect or honor it.
Therefore, love goes hand in hand with being
patriotic. If you are patriotic, then you are
loyal to your country. You never do anything
to harm it, or harm its citizens. You never
spread lies about your country and you stand
up for it to the best of your ability.
Being patriotic makes you a good citizen
because it means that you respect, love and are loyal to your country and fellow
citizens.
Questions:
1) In your own words, what is patriotism?
2) What two characteristics are part of being patriotic?
a. being respectful
b. insulting your fellow citizens
c. speaking ill about your country
d. being loyal

3) Why does being patriotic make you a good citizen?

4) What else can you do to be patriotic?
5) Are you patriotic?
Yes
No

Read more: Best Way - What Does It Mean to Be Patriotic? | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/way_5421301_mean-patriotic.html#ixzz0xYcnIRnq

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Chapter 14 That Sounds Great!
Objectives
Learn about the importance of linking verbs when expressing conditions and
states of a subject.
Identify the difference between action verbs and verbs used to connect the
subject with additional information about the subject.
Practice the use of linking verbs to provide information about the state or
condition of the subject.

Linking Verbs
Linking Verbs do not express an action. They only create a connection between the subject and
the verb and provide additional information about the subject.

Common
Linking
Verbs
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
be
become
feel
grow
look
remain
seem
sound
stay
taste
The owner is concerned about the expenses.
Our market becomes unstable in November.
She feels anxious about the delivery.
This crop grows well with fertilizer.
You look excited about the purchase.
I remain skeptical about the policies.
Betty seems eager to begin working.
They sound nervous.
The client stays online in the morning.
The products taste rancid.
The owner was concerned about the expenses.
Our market became unstable in November.
She felt anxious about the delivery.
This crop grew well with fertilizer.
You looked excited about the purchase.
I remained skeptical about the policies.
Betty seemed eager to begin working.
They sounded nervous.
The client stayed online in the morning.
The products tasted rancid.

If you can substitute the main verb with a form of Be (am, is, are), the verb is a linking verb for sure.

It is not correct to use liking verbs in the progressive tenses.

Incorrect Correct

be
sound
look

She is being in the owners office.
Our Suppliers are sounding worried.
They are looking comfortable.

She is in the owners office.
Our Suppliers sound worried.
They look comfortable.
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remain
seem
taste

Betty was remaining in her cubicle.
This was seeming a feasible solution.
The products were tasting great!

Betty remained in her cubicle.
This seemed a feasible
solution.
The products tasted great!

Some verbs can be Linking Verbs or Action Verbs, depending on the context.

As Linking Verbs As Action Verbs
The company grows 8% a year.
She feels sick.
You look confused.
The product smells sweet.
The food tastes odd.
grow
feel
look
smell
taste
They grow coffee and vegetables.
She feels the demands of her job.
You look at the big picture.
He smells the coffee.
I taste the ingredients.

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To evaluate if a verb is a Linking Verb or an Action Verb substitute the main verb with a form of
Be (am, is, are, was, were). If the sentence makes sense, the verb is a Linking Verb.

Original Sentences: Testing the Sentences with Be: Conclusions:
She feels sick.
You look confused.
The products smell sweet.
She is sick. -
You are confused. -
The products are sweet. -
The sentences still
make sense; The main
verbs are
Linking Verbs.
She feels the demands of her job.
You look at the big picture.
He smells the coffee.
She is the demands of her job. (!)
You are the big picture. (!)
He is the coffee. (!)
The sentences dont
make sense; The main
verbs are
Action Verbs.

Activity 1
Underline the correct linking verb to finish the sentences.

1. That sheet of paper (is looks) mine.
2. The company (grows seems) careless about the subject.
3. The new flavor (creates tastes) very artificial.
4. The expense account (remains - sounds) intact.
5. The new systems (is feels) efficient.
6. That amount (grows sounds) too high.
7. We will (feel stay) on the affordable hotel.
8. A weekly report (seems remains) better.

Activity 2
Identify the Linking Verb in the following sentences.

Linking Verb
1. Ive been on this building for 10 years.
2. It will become our main goal.
3. The manager felt excited about the presentation.
4. He is going to remain here to finish his evaluation.
5. The new schedule seems great for me.
6. The presentation is going to sound repetitive.
7. This deal sounds like is going to be great for us as a company.
8. I want to stay in the project until it is finished.

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Activity 3
In the following sentences, substitute the linking verbs with the verb To Be. See how it works.

1. The perishable products taste bad after a while.

2. The business man stays at the hotel.

3. The logo for the campaign sounds interesting.

4. This procedure seems safer than the other one.

5. The tasks remains complicated throughout the year.

6. The freelance work seems better.

7. The company will become larger with the merger.

8. That link seems weaker every day.

Activity 4
Substitute the simple sentences with the linking verbs in parentheses, follow the example.

1. The product is safe.
(seem)
The product seems safe in the warehouse.
2. The flow chart is good.
(look)

3. The desk is in the office.
(remains)

4. The products are in the
warehouse. (stay)

5. The new product is
sweet. (taste)

6. The alarm is loud.
(sound)

7. The projections are
useful. (becomes)

8. The boss is tired.
(look)

9. The design is interesting.
(look)

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Activity 5
Is it a Linking Verb or an Action Verb? Put an X in the correct column.

Linking
Verb
Action
Verb
1. The offer becomes void after a week.

2. The owner feels left out by the decision.

3. The safety officer remains in the building.

4. The company exports the best products.

5. The lawyer offers his services.

6. The administrator sounds angry at the tenants.

7. Barbara copied the reports yesterday.

8. The manager signed the contract last week.

Activity 6
Write sentences with the following linking verbs.

feel
1.
look
2.
seem
3.
remain
4.
sound
5.
stay
6.
grow
7.
stay
8.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Linking Verbs.

Are you good at
sports?

Actually yes, I am. I used to be much better, but I dont

practice much now. I am good at most team sports, but

the sport I really like is basketball; I love it!

What does your
family think about
your job?

What are some good
things about your
job?

What are some bad
things about your
job?

How does your
company look to the
competition?

Are you good at
sports?

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Renewable Energy Home and in the Garden
If you are concerned about carbon dioxide emissions and your households carbon
footprint, then one of the most effective ways of reducing this pollution is by
installing some renewable energy sources in your garden and home. There is now
a wide variety of ways you can generate renewable energy at home, including wind
turbines, solar panels and thermal heating.
The following are some examples:
Solar Panels and Solar water heating systems
A system of solar panels and solar water
heaters in your home is a good source of green
energy. It takes time and money to invest in
these type of changes at home, but they will
help you stay clean and friendly with our
planet. Green energy will also help you save
money in the long term.
Wind turbines
Wind turbines can be installed and will
generate electricity for the home. As the wind
makes the turbines turn, they drive a turbine
and it is this turbine, which generates the
electricity. You can either install a small wind
turbine on your roof, or you can mount it on a mast in your garden.
1) What is one of the most effective ways of reducing pollution at home and in the
garden?
2) What are good ways of generating renewable energy at home? (check all
options that apply)
a. solar panels
b. water heaters
c. wind turbines
d. thermal heating
3) What does it mean to have solar power?
4) Which one of the ways of generating renewable energy produces electricity?
5) How can you make these changes more cost efficient?

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Chapter 15 Always Show Up On Time.
Objectives
o Recognize and interpret separable and inseparable Phrasal Verbs as part of a
normal speech pattern in the English Language.
o Discover how Phrasal Verbs are structured by placing together a verb and a
preposition.
o Apply the knowledge of when a Phrasal Verb can be separated, or not.

Phrasal Verbs
A Phrasal Verb is a single verb presented with more than one word, usually a verb and a
preposition. The meaning of a Phrasal Verb is different from the original verb in it.

Phrasal
Verbs
Non-Phrasal
Synonyms
Example Sentences
ask for
break apart
come up
cut down
figure out
get in

get out
give back
give up
go back
go on
go over

look for
make up
pick up
put away
run out
show up

sign up
sum up
turn off
turn on
turn up
watch out
request
separate
invent
reduce
resolve
enter

exit
return
quit
return
continue
review

search
compensate
lift
store
deplete
appear

register
summarize
deactivate
activate
increase
beware
I ask for cooperation.
You break apart from the alliance.
She comes up with great ideas.
He cuts down on the waiting time.
You figure out the problems in the process.
We get in at 7 in the morning.

You are getting out of the market.
They are giving back our files.
The reseller is giving up on the product.
The branch is going back to the original owner.
The speaker is going on with the speech.
I am going over the inventory.

Jennifer looked for the brochures.
Jeff made up for his mistake.
The manager picked up the project.
The vendors put away the boxes.
Kimberly ran out of resources.
The secretary showed up on time.

You will sign up for the course.
He will sum up the information.
She will turn off the server.
They will turn on the machinery.
We will turn up the volume.
I will watch out for risky alliances.

}

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Some Phrasal Verbs are Separable Phrasal Verbs: There are two possible ways to articulate
Separable Phrasal Verbs.

With Nouns With Pronouns
Cut down the expenses.
Give back the documents.

She puts away the invoices.
They sum up the results.
I turned down the volume.

They turned off the equipment.
Mark turned on the lights.
You turned up the heat.
Cut the expenses down.
Give the documents back.

She puts the invoices away.
They sum the results up.
I turned the volume down.

They turned the equipment off.
Mark turned the lights on.
You turned the heat up.
Cut them down.
Give them back.

She puts them away.
They sum them up.
I turned it down.

They turned it off.
Mark turned them on.
You turned it up.

When you use Pronouns (them, it) Its
incorrect to keep the verb together.
Cut down them.
Give back them.

She puts away them.
They sum up them.
I turned down it.

They turned off it.
Mark turned on them.
You turned up it.

Activity 1
Substitute the following phrasal verb with a non-phrasal synonym.

1. I have to get out of work early today.

2. We need to cut down on our expenses.

3. The amount shows up on the proposal.

4. I will sign up the team for the workshop.

5. Ask for the new product.

6. Ronald goes back to the office after lunch.

7. Go on with the meeting.

8. The boss goes over the presentation.

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Activity 2
Substitute the following non-phrasal verbs with an equivalent phrasal verb.

1. We separated the accounts.

2. The team leader invented the news strategy.

3. The freight entered the city at 6:00 a.m.

4. The supplier quit the shipping due to problems.

5. This year, were going to increase our sales.

6. This promotion will compensate your efforts.

7. Helen summarized the reports well.

8. The problem will be resolved within minutes.

Activity 3
Choose the correct Phrasal Verb from the word bank to finish the sentences.

Word Bank
asking for ran out getting out showed up putting away
pick up turned off going back

1. The company is __________________ of the deal.
2. The customers are __________________ additional information.
3. The important machines are never __________________.
4. The warehouse manager is __________________ all the products.
5. The new boss will __________________ the pending jobs.
6. We __________________ of cartridges for the laser printer.
7. The missing product is __________________ to the owner.
8. The supplier __________________ at the plant with the raw material.

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Activity 4
Write each phrasal verb in the tense suggested in parentheses.

Simple Past Tense 1. We _______________ (go over) the budget last night.
Present Progressive 2. The company _______________ (break apart) from the group.
Simple Past Tense 3. I _______________ (come up) with a different name for the project.
Past Progressive 4. The lawyer _______________ (cut down) hours in the office.
Future progressive 5. Mark _______________ (watch out) malicious spyware.
Simple Past Tense 6. We _______________ (go on) with the plan regardless of the situation.
Present Progressive 7. The research team is always _______________ (look for) new products.
Present Progressive 8. She is always _______________ (figure out) what to do.

Activity 5
Write sentences with the following phrasal verbs.

ask for 1.
get in 2.
get out 3.
look for 4.
sum up 5.
turn up 6.
watch out 7.
put away 8.

Activity 6
Write sentences with the following verbs.

continue 1.
invent 2.
enter 3.
return 4.
review 5.
appear 6.
activate 7.
deplete 8.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Phrasal Verbs.

What time do you go
back home?

I usually go back home at about 8 oclock at night. I can

go out of the office at 6 but traffic is a real nightmare; so

I prefer to stay and look for interesting things on the web.

What do you do
when you run out of
time for a project?

Have you ever given
up on something?

Are you good coming
up with solutions?

Do you turn off your
cell phone at night?

What time do you go
back home?

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Sustainable Transport
Reducing your carbon footprint means
reducing your consumption of oil and
coal. Electricity and transportation
depend on petroleum and coal which are
both non-renewable resources
responsible for most carbon dioxide and
other greenhouse gases. Non-renewable
resources are natural resources, which
you cannot produce, grow, generate, or use on a scale that can sustain its
consumption rate.
Sustainable transportation implies walking whenever you can, using the bicycle
and public transportation. It also means to share your transportation with others
and to try to be efficient in the way you organize your daily activities that require
driving. Also, use products that minimize the environmental impact in
transportation, reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
1) What is a carbon footprint?
2) How do petroleum and coal relate to a carbon footprint?
3) Which of the following are non-renewable resources? (circle all that apply)
a. uranium (nuclear power)
b. oil
c. petroleum
d. natural gas

4) Which one implies sustainable transportion?
a. walking
b. taking the bus
c. driving a gas consuming car
d. riding a bicycle

5) In order to reduce the environmental impact of transportation you must emit
more carbon dioxide?
True
False


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Chapter 16 We Must Give Excellent Service.
Objectives
Understand the importance of the use of modals in providing information
about Orders, Prohibitions and Suggestions.
Learn to define a sentence as an order, prohibition or suggestion using the
correct modal.
Create sentences using modals must, have to, cant, mustnt, should
and shouldnt to express order, prohibition, or suggestion.

Orders Prohibitions and Suggestions
Orders are instructions that are mandatory. Use modal must and the verb have to to express
orders.

Orders with Have To
Subject Have + To
Base Form
Verb
Complement
You
She
He
The seller
The currency
Daniel
We
They
have to

has to
buy
purchase
quote
spend
be
pay
negotiate
bargain
insurance.
auctions.
the products today.
in the delivery.
dollars.
for the services.
the acquisition.
to get a better
price.

Orders with Must
Subject Modal Must
Base Form
Verb
Complement
You
She
He
The seller
The currency
Daniel
We
They
must
buy
purchase
quote
spend
be
pay
negotiate
bargain
insurance.
auctions.
the products today.
in the delivery.
dollars.
for the services.
the acquisition.
to get a better
price.

Have To = Must
You have to negotiate the acquisition.
I have to spend less.
She has to break even.
He has to deal with the situation.
=
=
=
=
You must negotiate the acquisition.
I must spend less.
She must break even.
He must deal with the situation.

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Prohibitions are instructions that state limits. You use modals cant and mustnt to express
prohibitions.

Prohibitions with Cant
Subject Cant
Base Form
Verb
Complement
I
You
Edward
Mary
They
We
cant
trade
purchase
spend
offer
bargain
deal with
in that currency.
the stock.
too much.
insurance.
the acquisition.
the bills.

Prohibitions with Mustnt
Subject Modal Must
Base Form
Verb
Complement
I
You
Edward
Mary
They
We
mustnt
trade
purchase
spend
offer
bargain
deal with
in that currency.
the stock.
too much.
insurance.
the acquisition.
the bills.

Cant = Mustnt

I cant trade the stock.
You cant offer a quote.
Lisa cant negotiate with that seller.
They cant pay with Euros.

=
=
=
=

I mustnt trade the stock.
You mustnt offer a quote.
Lisa mustnt negotiate with that seller.
They mustnt pay with Euros.

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Suggestions are statements of advice. Use modal should to express suggestions.

Suggestions With Modal Should

Suggestion of Doing

Suggestions of Not Doing
Subject Should
Main Verb
Base Form
Complement

Subject Shouldnt
Main Verb
Base Form
Complement
You
She
He
They
We
should
buy
sell
negotiate
pay
spend
the product.
the factory.
the price.
today.
less.

You
She
He
They
We
shouldnt
think
spend
offer
buy
sell
about it.
in that.
an apology.
the tools.
the rights.

Activity 1
Change the following simple sentences into Orders using Must or Have to

1. We pay taxes for every product.

2. The company offers the best service.

3. He pays the insolvent debt.

4. The supplier uses high quality materials.

5. The company offers insurance.

6. The purchase is free of taxes.

7. The quote is low.

8. The deal is profitable.

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Activity 2
Change the following simple sentences into Suggestions using should or shouldnt.

1. The technician fixes the web cam.

2. Jason uploads the information.

3. The receptionist hangs up the phone.

4. He finishes the pay roll.

5. She records the scripts.

6. The weather delays the delivery.

7. I pay my debts.

8. The acquisition is profitable.

Activity 3
Change the following simple sentences into Prohibitions using cant or mustnt.

1. I calculate the revenues.

2. You do the calculation.

3. The assistant warns the manager.

4. We estimate the cost.

5. The engineer presents the result.

6. The manager delegates the tasks.

7. The warehouse stores the merchandise.

8. Sarah invoices the products.

Activity 4
Create sentences from the cues.

1. Must/ offer / the company / free

2. The bill / should / pay

3. The interest / shouldnt / negotiate

4. The city / cant / invest

5. You / study / must

6. Creativity /should / come back

7. The evaluation / have to / objective

8. The conference / shouldnt / be long

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Activity 5
Finish the following sentences. Add at least 5 more words.

1. I always have to bargain with

2. The company has to quote

3. We must offer low

4. Jason cant negotiate risky

5. Linda must buy

6. The seller cant spend.

7. The bill must be paid

8. You cant negotiate the debt

Activity 6
Write sentences with the following cues. Follow the example.

1. negotiate /must
The company must negotiate the new deal.
2. buy/ shouldnt

3. purchase / mustnt

4. quote / cant

5. spend / should

6. sell/shouldnt

7. offer / have to

8. pay/ have to

9. trade / must

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Orders, Prohibitions or Suggestions.

What is the hardest
rule to follow at your
workplace?

For me, the most difficult rule is that I cant listen to

music while I work. Maybe I should buy an MP3 player

or something like that.

What is important to
keep in mind when
you work in a team?

What rules do you
have to respect when
you drive?

What should a
person do if she/he
needs to get a raise?

What should you do
if you want to be
healthier?

What is the hardest
rule to follow at your
workplace?

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Sustainable Water
Water is the source of all life on Earth. Sadly, the distribution of water varies
depending on your location. Many places have
plenty of water, while others have very little of
it. Water exists on earth as a solid (ice), liquid,
or gas (water vapor). Oceans, rivers, clouds,
and rain, all of which contain water, are in a
frequent state of change (surface water
evaporates, cloud water precipitates, rainfall
infiltrates the ground, etc.). However, the total
amount of the earth's water does not change.
The circulation and conservation of earth's
water is called the "hydrologic cycle".
As forests get destroyed and trees are cut down, the result is less water in our
planet. Protecting forests and maintaining hydrological cycles is essential.
Therefore, be conscious of your water consumption. Dont waste water!
Ways to reduce water consumption:
Take cooler and shorter showers.
Put a one-liter bottle filled with sand or another similar material inside
the toilets tank so that the toilet discharge uses less water.
When washing your dishes, hands, etc. dont leave the faucet open.
Make sure there are no leaks in your house.

1) Water is not the source of all life on Earth?
True
False
2) What are the three forms in which water exists on Earth?
3) What is the hydrologic cycle?
4) Which one does not reduce water consumption? (Circle all options that apply)
a. Taking long showers.
b. Leaving the faucet on.
c. Repairing leaks in your house.
d. Turning on the washing machine when with half full loads.
5) Are you conscious of your daily water consumption? After reading this article,
have you become more conscious of your daily water consumption?


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Chapter 17 Something Is Wrong With This Product
Objectives
Understand the importance of defining an object, person or place that is not
definite or specific with Indefinite Pronoun or Indefinite Adjective.
Construct a sentence using Indefinite Pronouns instead of subjects or objects
that are not specific. Utilize Indefinite Adjectives to describe nouns which are
not specific.
Create sentences which present subjects or objects that are vague or not
definite using Indefinite Pronouns or Indefinite Adjectives.

Indefinite Pronouns and Adjectives
You use Indefinite Pronouns to communicate that a subject or object in a sentence is not specific.

PEOPLE THINGS PLACES
everybody
somebody
anybody
nobody
=
=
=
=
everyone
someone
anyone
no one
everything
something
anything
nothing
everywhere
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere

Indefinite Pronouns for People
Form As Subjects As Objects
Affirmative
Somebody recommended him.
Someone recommended him.
We addressed the report to somebody at
their offices.
I gave it to someone but I dont remember
to who.
Everybody loves a good idea.
Everyone loves a good idea.

Anyone can notice the mistake.
Inform everybody by Friday.
Inform everyone by Friday.
I recommend the product to anyone at the
store.
Interrogative
Did anybody consider the taxes?
Did anyone consider the taxes?
Do you know anybody here?
Do you know anyone here?
Negative
Nobody called the attorney.
No one called the attorney.

They consider no one who doesnt speak
English fluently.
They consider nobody who doesnt speak
English fluently.
---
They dont consider anybody who doesnt
speak English.
They dont consider anyone who doesnt
speak English.

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Indefinite Pronouns for Things
Form As Subjects As Objects
Affirmative
Something affects the process. They forgot something in the office.
Everything takes place in the
headquarters.
They need to design everything.
Negative Nothing leaves this room.
They asked for nothing.
They didnt ask for anything.
Interrogative Is anything bothering you? Do you want to say anything?

Indefinite Pronouns for Places
Affirmative
They prefer to go somewhere pleasant.
You will quote the parts everywhere.
Negative
She goes nowhere without her computer.
She doesnt go anywhere without her computer.
Interrogative Do you live anywhere around here?

You use Indefinite Adjectives to communicate that a noun in a sentence is not specific.

Indefinite Adjectives
used with
plural nouns
many Many businessmen love focus groups.
all All the clients hate delays.
few Few decisions consider all of the variables.
some* Some business cards provide more information.
any* They didnt provide any details.
used with
singular
nouns
some* I drink some coffee in the morning.
any* We will trust you with any information
each Each client is appealing for us.
every Every employee has different appointments.

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Activity 1
Use Indefinite Pronouns to complete the sentences.

1. Ive looked for it ____________, but I still cant find it.
2. The position will be for ____________ who has the right qualifications.
3. ____________ will attend the appointment ____________ will be absent.
4. ____________ in this office is old; we bought ____________ just a week ago.
5. ____________ that I hate is an interview with ____________ I dont know.
6. The documents are ____________ around here. I think we lost them.
7. If you really put the files ____________ in the server you will eventually find them.
8. No, we dont need ___________ from the warehouse.
9. Has ____________ seen my new agenda? I cant find it ____________.
10. ____________ will be here today.
11. We recommend that you finish ____________ by tomorrow.

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Activity 2
Order the words to create sentences with Indefinite Pronouns.

6. noticed everybody the dedication team of the

7. this recommended brand someone.

8. fountain this anyone does drink from water?

9. nobody trust doesnt who keep his deadlines we.

10. took everything within the focus group place.

11. budget did the affect anything?

12. find I to hate place something out of.

13. goes within she walking distance everywhere.

14. nothing restarted they server the, but got better.

Activity 3
Write complete the sentences using the cues.

1. Everybody loves

2. I recommend anyone

3. We innovate anything

4. Nobody hates

5. I want to go somewhere

6. Everything is getting better

7. Something has affected

8. Somebody called

9. Something will take place

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Activity 4
Complete the sentences using Indefinite Adjectives.

1. A ______________ middlemen have complained about the system.
2. We considered ______________ applicants before we chose the best three.
3. You need to read ______________ individual contract before you sign.
4. It's necessary to file ______________ of those documents soon.
5. We still need to buy ______________ supplies for the office.
6. We were forced to suspend ______________ activities because of the hurricane.
7. We made sure they didn't have ______________ doubts.
8. ______________ creative innovation took place throughout the process.

Activity 5
Order the words to create sentences with Indefinite Adjectives.

1. ideas many innovate alternatives the in market the.

2. It dedication was to complete the difficult project even with all our.

3. products few design their own brands.

4. had the businessman to take some decisions creative.

5. their didnt clients have any in the new interest services.

6. some recommend we restructuring campaign before you launch the.

7. didnt businesses we see building any new in the.

8. must each you appointment consider week you during have the.

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Activity 6
Write complete sentences using the cues.

1. Many businessmen

2. I always drink all

3. A few doctors

4. You need some money if

5. Any brand

6. I love each

7. Every client needs

8. Many ideas

9. A few special

Activity 7
Combine a word from A with one from B and write Sentence 1. Do the same for items 2 through 10.

A B
anybody
anything
anywhere
each
every
everybody
everything
few
many
no one
nothing
some
someone
something
actual
appealing
affect
appointment
attorney
brand
dedication
design
drink
idea
innovate
pleasant
recommend
trust

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Activity 8
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Indefinite Pronouns.

Do you have
anything pending to
do at work?

Yes, I do. I have many things to do on Monday. First, I need

to plan a meeting for Tuesday. I also need to get something

from the warehouse (some products I have to test).

Have you ever gone
anywhere with your
coworkers?

Have you done
anything fun lately?

Does everybody at
your company like
their job?

Do you think you
understand
everything so far?

Do you have
anything pending to
do at work?

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The Habit of Being on Time:
Time is a valuable commodity. The moment you waste or lose time, you lose it
forever. Everyone can accomplish a lot more if they learn to use their time
correctly.

What does it mean to be on time?
Punctuality: Getting to an event
on or before it starts, allows you to
have time to relax and prepare.
Punctuality in class or at work
expresses professionalism.

Being on time is:
A sign of respect.
Allowing yourself to have the
maximum opportunity to
complete your mission.
Not wasting time, which is often considered rude.

Punctuality implies the following virtues:
a. responsibility
b. respect for others
c. respect for yourself because you value your time
d. accountability

However, if you do happen to be late, do not give explanations because it only
makes you look worse.

1) What does it mean to be on time?
a. To arrive late but before anyone else.
b. To arrive at an event before it starts.
c. To arrive at the event.
d. To arrive at an event without being prepared.
2) If a person is punctual, what message does he or she project?
3) Is being on time a sign of respect and accountability?
Yes
No
4) What should you not do if you are late and why?
5) Are you a punctual person? Give an example:

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Chapter 18 They Might Be Coming Right Now.
Objectives
Understand the importance of how modals can be used to convey the idea of
an uncertain situation.
Structure sentences using modals couldnt, must, might, may, and
cant to express the likelihood of an event to take place.
Build sentence using modals to convey the probability of an event to happen

Probability with Modals
Use modals must, may, could, might, and cant to communicate different levels of
probability.

must
-
-
may
could
-
-
-
-
might
-
-
cant
very probable
..
..

probable
..
.

..
.
.
very improbable

Probability for Routines and Facts. (Simple Present Tense)
SUBJECT MODAL
MAIN VERB
(Base Form)
OBJECT
(or COMPLEMENT)
I
You
She
He
It
We
You
They
must
-
may
could
-
might
-
cant
be
attract
thank
direct
advertise
visit
criticize
believe
in the wrong department.
attention from the headquarters.
you for the email.
the business.
the furniture.
the magazine.
the choice.
the results.

past present future
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Probability for Things Happening Now. (Present Progressive Tense)
SUBJECT MODAL
To Be
(Auxiliary Verb)
Main Verb
OBJECT
(or COMPLEMENT)
I
You
She
He
It
We
You
They
must
-
may
could
-
might
-
cant
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
attracting
representing
thanking
distributing
criticizing
advertising
looking forward
to heading for
international clients.
popular corporations.
the sales representative.
free magazines.
irresponsible behaviors.
innovative services.
that meeting.
the headquarters.

Activity 1
Combine elements from A with elements with B. Write the resulting sentences.

A B
a Mr. Young may represent his company 1 he really deserves it.
b Anthony just came in, 2 the source is totally unreliable.
c The trend might change in the following months; 3 she took the minute last time.
d They could criticize this strategy 4
Linda must be heading to the clients office
right now
e Patricia must remember the deadline; 5 we need to have a plan.
f I must be getting sick; 6 because it involves too much risk.
g Kevin must be looking forward to his promotion; 7 in this years conference.
h Its 10:25 so 8 I feel very tired.
i He cant believe that information; 9 he cant be online yet.
j Clark may be writing an email; 10 I just saw him at his desk.

1. a,7

Mr. Young may represent his company in this years conference.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

past present future
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Activity 2
Order the words to create correct sentences.

1. person they associates greet might the new in.

2. market Mr. Baker cant trends identify the in the stock.

3. could a flipchart Karen for her be using presentation, her is laptop broken.

4. cant the consider choices the appropriate without she documentation

5. might the advertise products in international the company magazines next year

6. headquarters he be distributing right now could the from the instructions

7. may commercialize more products fashionable from now on they

8. the CEO innovative attract employees because of reputation his must

Activity 3
Use the cues to write complete sentences.

1. Right now, my friend might

2. When I get home today I may

3. My boss must feel

4. The president must think

5. You may believe

6. My classmates cant be looking forward to

7. Some people might believe

8. Many people might expect

9. Popular brands may think

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Activity 4

Write complete sentences using the cues and any additional logical information you can think of.

I
You
She
He
It
We
You
They
Paul
Hellen
must
may
could
might

must not
may not
might not

cant
advertise
attract
believe
criticize
direct
distribute
greet
head for
look forward to
represent
thank
visit
write
airplane
apartment
choice
desk
documents
e-mail
fan
file cabinet
flipchart
furniture
headquarters
magazine
merchandising
trend

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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Activity 5
Combine a modal from A with a word from B and write Sentence 1. Do the same for items 2
through 10.

A B
must
may
could
must not
may not
might not
cant

believe
choice
criticize
distribute
fashionable
flipchart
look
forward to
furniture
greet
head to
headquarters
innovative
look
magazine
popular
resourceful
trend

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Activity 6
Answer the questions using modals to express probability.

1. What do you suppose your best
friend is doing right now?

2. What do you think your coworkers
are doing right now?

3. What do you think your
competition is planning right now?

4. What do you imagine software
companies are developing now?

5. What do think successful
companies are doing differently?

6. What do you imagine people next
door are doing?

7. Why do you think they hired you at
your company?

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Probabilities with Modals.

What do you
imagine your friends
are doing now?

Im not sure. They cant be home because its Thursday.

Considering the time it is they must be at work. They might

be checking their emails or having a meeting.

Is it better to have a
savings account in
dollars?

What do you think
your competition is
planning?

What do you think
your classmates are
doing right now?

What do you think is
the most important
thing to learn
nowadays?

What do you
imagine your friends
are doing now?

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Think Green and Recycle
We, as humans, produce a lot of garbage and it is our job to think green
and recycle.
Why is Recycling Important
There are many reasons why recycling is important. If you are wondering "why should I
recycle?" then here are some interesting facts:
Recycling Saves Energy
When they manufacture new products from raw materials, the amount of energy
needed is much higher.

Recycling Reduces Pollution
Recycling helps prevent global climate change because it minimizes the energy spent
on industrial production. It also helps reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.

Recycling Saves Natural Resources
Recycling involves the processing and usage of
an old product for the production of new
products. This helps in saving our natural
resources.

Economic Benefits
Similar to energy and natural resource, recycling
also helps in saving a lot of money. The
production of new products from raw materials
is more expensive.

1) Why is recycling important?
2) Recycling helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, therefore reducing climate change. Since
recycling uses old materials to make new ones, it also saves on energy and money.
True
False
3) What material can be recycled? (Circle all that apply)
a. Paper
b. Glass
c. Plastic
d. Styrofoam
4) Do you recycle?
Yes
No
5) What different ways of recycling are there?
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Chapter 19 If We See Him, We Will Tell Him.
Objectives
Learn the importance of creating sentences in Zero or First Conditional to
correlate causes and consequences.
Define the rules to create a sentence in Zero and First Conditional using the
if clause and the independent clause as the consequence.
Illustrate cause/consequence facts by using sentences with the Zero and First
Conditional.

The Zero Conditional and the First Conditional
Use the Zero Conditional when you need to tell about a condition that has a definite consequence.

Condition (Simple Present Tense) Consequence (Simple Present Tense)
If Subject Main Verb Complement
,
Subject
Verb
(Base Form )
Complement
If
I
you
he
she
we
they
the assistant
the sponsors
remind
exceed
becomes
welcomes
remember
complain
strives
give up
them
the limit
manager
our help
the tactic
about it
to improve
on them

they
you
he
we
we
you
she
they
do
get
changes
advise
succeed
dont get
earns
dont get
the tasks.
in trouble.
his schedule.
her.
again.
the deal.
a promotion.
the funds.

With the First Conditional you can express different levels of probability about the consequence
of a condition.
Condition (Simple Present Tense) Consequence (Will, Could, May, Might)
If Subject Main Verb
Complemen
t
, Subject Modal
Verb
(Base
Form )
Complement
If
I
you
he
she
we
they
the assistant
the sponsors
remind
exceed
becomes
welcomes
remember
complain
strives
give up
them
the limit
manager
our help
the tactic
about it
to improve
on them

they
you
he
we
we
you
she
they
will/wont
.
could
.
may/may not
.
might/might not
do
get
change
advise
succeed
get
earn
lose
the tasks.
in trouble.
his schedule.
her.
again.
the deal.
a promotion.
the funds.

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It is possible to reverse the order of the elements in conditional sentences.

Condition , Consequence = Consequence Condition
If they advertise the product, they pay today.
If we direct the campaign, it begins next week.

If George thanks the clients, they will be pleased.
If she believes in her vision, she may find a sponsor.
If Linda visits the office, she might email us first.
=
=
=

=
=

They pay today if they advertise the product.
The campaign begins next week if we direct it.

They will be pleased if George thanks the clients,
She may find a sponsor if she believes in her vision.
Linda might email us first if she visits the office.

Activity 1
Combine Conditions and Consequences to write sentences in the Zero Conditional.

Condition Consequence
1. they become confused they ask for help
2. he exceeds the speed limit he risks himself and others
3. He does not remember the password he does not have access
4. she complains they provide a solution
5. you strive to improve you improve
6. give up Do not learn anything
7. make up for your mistakes everything is OK.
8. I remind him about the documents him print them.
9. I show up early I interview first.

1. If they become confused, they ask for help.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

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Activity 2
Write what each of the following Zero Conditional is missing (Condition or Consequence).

1. If you study hard

2. I remember the date.

3. If she gives up

4. he gets a raise.

5. If you approach the problem differently

6. If they complain about everything

7. they show results.

8. If you welcome innovation

9. we challenge the competition.

10. If we make a survey

Activity 3
Order the words and write the resulting First Conditional Sentences.

1. a you police officer stops if you will get a speeding ticket

2. get a sponsor they they be might in a position more comfortable if

3. finds anyone my wallet will I if reward give him or her a

4. tactics we if modify our we not be able may deliver to on time

5. you if dont rapport build your with clients wont you them better understand

6. for too long if angry he may get is on hold Mr. Mitchell

7. if copy our slogan they we will a lawsuit file against them

8. may I visit you in February if I get flier frequent miles

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Activity 4
Write complete sentences using the cues and any additional logical information you can think of.

1. If Kimberly can afford a new car

2. If you are ready

3. If he exceeds the clients expectations

4. If you complain to a supplier

5. If they reward innovative ideas

6. If I say what I think

7. If everybody answers the survey

8. If he welcomes challenges

Activity 5
Combine a word from A with a word from B and write Sentence 1 using the First Conditional.
Do the same for items 2 through 10.

A B
advise
afford
approach
become
complain
exceed
give up
make up for
remember
remind
say
show
strive
welcome

reward
slogan
sponsor
strategy
rapport
tactic
stake
competition
police officer
challenge
survey
comfortable
exclusive
frequent
important
on hold
probable
ready

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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Activity 6
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Conditionals.

What do you do if you
have a lot of work to do?

If I have to do a lot of work I try to get to the office early.

If that is not an option, I organize my time in periods of

one hour and assign a period to each pending task.

Where do you go if you
want to relax?

What do you do if the
service of a supplier is
really bad?

What do you do in your
company if a client
complains about the
services or products you
provide?

What do you do if a police
officer asks you to pull
over?

What do you if you face a
difficult challenge?

What do you do if the rest
of the people in your team
give up?

need advice?

have a lot of work to do?

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SYNTHETIC GRASS VS REAL GRASS
Did you ever think about having synthetic grass,
instead of real grass in your garden? Think about
all the advantages of synthetic grass:
1) Savings on your water bill, because you
wont have to use the sprinklers or the
hose, and it saves time for you to do other
activities.
2) You wont need pesticides to keep your
grass free of bugs.
3) You will never need a lawnmower.
4) Your grass will always look healthy and
very green!
The best part of it all, is that you will be helping
the environment, because you will not be using
pesticides, fungicides and herbicides. These are
chemicals that help gardens fight off insects that can harm your grass and your
garden. Another benefit is that the Greenhouse gas emissions will be lower,
because you wont need to use an electric mower and energy will be saved if you
use electric sprinklers to water the grass.
The only disadvantages you will have with synthetic grass is that it is expensive to
buy, it takes a lot of manual labor to install it, and it wont be a food source for
some insects and animals, but if youre the type of person that wants to help save
water, this choice of synthetic grass is the right one for you!
After you finish reading the article, write a short paragraph, on why you would or
you would not install synthetic grass in your garden.

Source: http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/416/1/Synthetic-vs-real-
grass.html

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Chapter 20 They Told Me To Talk To You.
Objectives
Learn the value of using indirect speech to convey a message that was
expressed by a third party.
Understand the rules used to transform direct speech into indirect speech
depending on whether the original sentence was a request, question or
declaration.
Create sentences as to report what was said by a third party at a different
time by transforming direct speech into indirect speech.

Reported Speech
You use Reported Speech when another person said first the message you are communicating
now.

Reported speech for Orders.

Original Order With Tell
Raise the profit margin.
Take notice of these changes.

Dont reply to this letter.
Dont go on with the process.
Kevin told me to raise the profit margin.
He told me to take notice of these changes.

Nancy told me not to reply to this letter.
They told me not to go on with the process.

Original Order With Ask

Kevin asked me to raise the profit margin.
He asked me to take notice of these changes.

Nancy asked me not to reply to this letter.
They asked me not to go on with the process.

Original Order With Want

Kevin wanted me to raise the profit margin.
He wanted me to take notice of these changes.

Nancy didnt want me to reply to this letter.
They didnt want me to go on with the process.

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Reported speech for Declarative Sentences.

Declarative Sentences:
The Simple Present Tense
We persuade our buyers.
I buy the website domains.
I dont participate in the polls.
We dont need more liabilities.

Reporting with Tell Reporting with Say
They told me they persuaded their buyers.
He told me he bought the websites.
He told me he didnt participate in the polls.
They told me they didnt need more liabilities.
They said they persuaded their buyers.
He said he bought the websites.
He said he didnt participate in the polls.
They said they didnt need more liabilities.

Declarative Sentences:
We are persuading our buyers.
I am buying the website domains.
Im not participating in the polls.
We are not accepting more liabilities.

Reporting with Tell Reporting with Say
They told me they were persuading their buyers.
He told me he was buying the websites.
He told us he wasnt participating in the polls.
They told us they werent accepting more liabilities.
They said they were persuading their buyers.
He said he was buying the websites.
He said he wasnt participating in the polls.
They said they werent accepting more liabilities.

Reported speech for Interrogative Sentences.

Yes/No Questions
Original Questions With Tell
Are you early?
Is it an alternative?

Do you sponsor sports?
Does the crisis concern you?
He asked if I was early.
He asked if it was an alternative.

He asked if we sponsored sports.
He asked if the crisis concerned us.

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Information Questions
Original Questions With Tell
Which is the best alternative?
Why is that criterion better?

When do we involve the whole team?
Where do you participate?
She asked which the best alternative was.
She asked why that criterion was better.

She asked when they involved the whole team.
She asked where I participated.

Activity 1
Order the words and write the resulting Reported Speech Sentences.

1. told Mrs. Evans me participate poll in the to

2. asked they me to phone call listen to the

3. clients she want me to upset didnt the

4. board us not the to negligence tolerate asked any

5. asked to involve she me all the in the process departments

6. reply asked us to to emails they all pending the

7. go wanted us to on they with our activities current

8. persuade she wanted criteria me to the to the associates modify

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Activity 2
Write a reported Speech Sentence from each quote.

1. Dont participate in this meeting
He told me not to participate in the meeting.
2. Dont listen to their excuses.

3. Raise the profit margin.

4. Call me early in the morning, please

5. Check the report.

6. Dont forget your ID.

7. Erase the old files.

8. Dont be late.

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Activity 3
Write a reported Speech Sentence from each quote.

1. I go on with the project during the weekend.

2. I usually notice of all the changes in the company.

3. We dont answer phone calls before 7 oclock in the morning.

4. Do you try to satisfy your customers needs?

5. They advertise their products on the Internet?

6. Do you innovate the services you offer?

7. Does the receptionist come on Saturday

8. Do I look sick?

Activity 4
Write complete sentences using the cues and any additional logical information you can think of using
the Reported Speech.

1. My partner wanted

2. She didnt tell

3. They told me to

4. They asked me if

5. He said he

6. She asked me what

7. They asked me to

8. She didnt want me to

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Activity 5
Combine a word from A with a word from B and write Sentence 1 using Reported Speech. Do the
same for items 2 through 10.

A B
involve
listen
need
participate
persuade
raise
sponsor
concern
ensure
go on
reply
set out
notice
upset

advertising
alternative
answer
continent
country
criterion (a)
liability
innovation
Internet
leadership
negligence
poll
reference
web site

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Activity 6
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Reported Speech.

Last time you spoke to
your best friend, what
did she/he tell you?

She told me she had to read some books for a test. She also

said she was a little sick. She asked me to give her my

doctors phone number.

What did the president
say last time you saw
him on TV?

Last time you talked to
a coworker, what did
he or she say?

Last time you talked to
a relative, what did he
tell you?

your boss, what did he
tell you?

Whats the most
valuable advice
somebody has ever
given you?

What instructions did
your teacher give you
last class?

What was the order
you got from your boss
last time you spoke to
him or her?

your best friend, what
did he tell you?

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Think Green, Think Waste Management
Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling or
disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials
or trash produced by human activity, and their disposal to reduce their effect on
health and the environment. Waste management is also carried out to recover
resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or
radioactive substances, with different methods to recycle or dispose it.
To separate our trash is only one simple way that we can show the world how
serious we are in stopping the effects of global
warming. You can do this by having a waste
management dumpster. You can have them in your
house, workplace, school and even public places
such as parks and malls. But remember, it is also
important to teach people how to use these
dumpsters for recycling. You can put labels on
these bins in order for people to know what type of
garbage to put in a specific trash bin. Label them
clearly and noticeably, and people will not have any
excuses not to separate their trash.
Assessment Questions:
1) What is one way of waste management?
a. Reducing
b. Eating
c. Recycling
d. Consuming Plastic

2) Is separating your trash a form of waste management?
True
False

3) What is a waste management dumpster?

4) Why is it important to label trash cans?
5) Can you think of another idea on how to think green and increase waste
management?

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Chapter 21 I Wouldnt Do That If I Were You.
Objectives
Learn the importance of creating sentences in the Second Conditional to
correlate hypothetical causes and consequences.
Define the rules to create a sentence in the Second Conditional using the if
clause and the independent clause with modal verb Would as the
consequence.
Illustrate hypothetical cause/consequence instances by using sentences with
the Second Conditional.

Second Conditional
Use the Second Conditional when you need to tell about an unrealistic condition and its
hypothetical or imaginary consequences.

Condition (Simple Past Tense) Consequence (Would)
If Subject
Main Verb
(Past Form)
Complement
,
Subject
Modal
Would
Verb
(Base Form)
Complement
If
I
you
she
he
we

Mrs. Baker
they
the CEO
your invention
invested
had
informed
stopped
studied

didnt speak
didnt train
didnt wear
didnt work
in shares
a business
us
studying
law

Mandarin
everyday
a suit
well

they
it
we
he
we

she
they
they
it

would

wouldnt
be
grow
have
graduate
benefit

sell
be
take
attract
in dollars.
very fast.
all the data.
this year.
our clients.

in China.
so efficient.
him seriously.
customers.

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Second Conditional sentences with verb To Be take Were for all the subjects.

Conditional with To Be. (Were) Consequence (Would)
If Subject Main Verb Complement , Subject
Modal
Would
Verb
(Base Form)
Complement
If
I
you
she
he
we
were
were
were
were
were
older
here
satisfied
on time
the board

I
you
she
he
we

would

wouldnt
work
celebrate
let
need
hire
out a lot.
with us.
us know.
a summary.
the consultant.

It is possible to reverse the order of the elements in Second Conditional Sentences.

Condition , Consequence = Consequence Condition
If he analyzed our proposal, he would like it.
If they collaborated, they would meet the deadline.
If he invested with us, it would be less risky.
If we came back earlier, they wouldnt be prepared.
If I were busy, I wouldnt answer the phone.
=
=
=
=
=
She would like our proposal if he analyzed it.
They would meet the deadline if they collaborated.
It would be less risky if he invested with us.
They wouldnt be prepared, if we came back earlier.
I wouldnt answer the phone if I were busy.

Activity 1
Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses to finish the following sentences in the Second
Conditional.

1. If she _____________ (keep) her old job, she wouldnt _____________ (be) here now.
2. If the accountant _____________ (know) the amount, he would _____________ (write) the check.
3. If they _____________ (follow) the directions, they would _____________ (finish) on time.
4. If the suppliers _____________ (import) better products, they would _____________ (earn) more.
5. If he _____________ (mail) the letter yesterday, the letter wouldnt _____________ (arrive) late.
6. If I _____________ (see) the preview of the brochure, I would _____________ (give) my advice.
7. If Emily _____________ (quote) the products beforehand, she would _____________ (save) more.
8. If I _____________ (win) the contest, I would _____________ (try) my best.

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Activity 2
Write a logical ending for the following Second Conditional sentences.

1. If I finished the report before 5
p.m

2. If I trained all the new employees
3. If we were working out everyday

4. If the company enhanced the
marketing plan

5. If the leader explained the strategy
better

6. If we got certified

7. If you met the president

8. If Jason chose another career

Activity 3
Write sentences in second conditional with the cues.

1. Analyze/chart/accountant.

2. The team/ new ideas/brainstorm.

3. The investment/make/ the company.

4. The study/ conduct/the research team.

5. The train/stop/the conductor.

6. The new uniform/wear/ the employees.

7. The inventions/presented/at the conference.

8. The meeting room/clean/on time.

Activity 4
Reverse the order of the following sentences in second conditional. Follow the example.

0. If he studied hard, hed graduate this year.
Hed graduate this year if he studied hard.
1. If she wore that, shed be cold later.

2. If we invested, wed have more profits.

3. If they trained him, hed work for us.

4. If I talked to her, shed understand.

5. If you prepared the report, itd be good.

6. If I joined you, wed finish the budget.

7. If he brought the summary, hed turn it in.

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Activity 5
Write second conditional sentences with the following verbs.

1. Analyze

2. Collaborate

3. Inform

4. Introduce

5. Invest

6. Stop

7. Study

8. Summarize

Activity 6
Write second conditional sentences with the following verbs. Use the first one for condition and the next
one for the consequence.

1. Lease/pay

2. Demand/respond

3. Outsource/manage

4. Bring/promote

5. Supply/grow

6. Send/have

7. Give/get

8. Drive/arrive

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Second Conditional expressions.

What kind of a
business would you
open if you could?

If I had enough money and experience I would open a

restaurant. Ive always liked to cook, and I am quite good

at it. It would be an Italian restaurant, for sure.

What would you do if
you were 20 years
older?

Where else in the
world would you like
to live?

What would you do if
you were fired?

What would your
family say if you
became a millionaire?

What would you do
different if you were
the owner of the
company you work in?

What other job would
you do if you had to
change jobs?

What kind of a
business would you
open if you could?

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Why is it Important to Vote?
To be a citizen of a country means to have
certain rights and privileges. It also means
to have certain responsibilities. We all
contribute to society, either in a positive way
or a negative way. To vote is to give a voice
and to play a role in a positive change.
Being a good citizen and being part of a
community means voting. To vote is to
influence history because the leaders you
choose will make big decisions that will be
go into history books. A persons decision to
vote or not vote will have an influence on
matters that will impact the future of their nation. You can influence how other
people vote by encouraging them and reminding them to vote.
Four reasons why it is important to vote:
1. It shows your involvement.
2. It is your right and your responsibility.
3. It allows you to become more involved in your community and nation.
4. It shows that you are independent and can agree or disagree with your
government and that you can create a government that works for you.
1) What does it mean to vote?
2) Have you ever voted?
Yes
No
3) After reading the importance of voting, will you vote? Why?
4) From the reading, what are 2 reasons why it is important to vote?
a. It shows community involvement.
b. It is important for your image.
c. Because it will motivate other people to vote.
d. Voting is important because you voice out your political views.

5) A persons decision to vote or not vote will influence? (circle all options that
apply)
a. Public policy
b. Future of the nation
c. Where you go to school
d. Your role in the community

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Chapter 22 We Wanted To Work With You.
Objectives
Learn the value of using Gerunds or Infinitives to allow a verb to take the
place of a noun in a sentence.
Understand the rules to generate the Gerund and Infinitive forms of a verb
and their placement within a sentence.
Create sentences that use Gerunds and Infinitives as subjects.

Gerunds and Infinitives
You can use Gerunds or Infinitives to change a verb to take the place of the subject within
a sentence.

VERB GERUNDS INFINITIVES
come
solve
succeed
develop
learn
break
conclude
test
give up
Coming today was very relevant.
Solving problems frees out time.
Succeeding will help us grow.
Developing a strategy gave us an advantage.
Learning new things is sometimes difficult.
Breaking the rules wasnt an option.
Concluding the projects made us reputable.
Testing our methods has ensured our quality.
Giving up hasnt solved the problem.
To come today was very relevant.
To solve problems frees out time.
To succeed will help us grow.
To develop a strategy gave us an advantage.
To learn new things is sometimes difficult.
To break the rules wasnt an option.
To conclude the projects made us reputable.
To test our methods has ensured our quality.
To give up hasnt solved the problem.

You use Gerunds or Infinitives to change a verb to take the place of the object within a
sentence.
Some verbs can only take a gerund object and others can only take an infinitive object.

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Some Verbs Followed
by Gerunds
Some Verbs Followed
by Infinitives
admit
advise
avoid
cant stand
consider
delay
deny
dislike
don't mind
enjoy
finish
hope
postponed
practice
quit
risk
recall
recommend
resent
suggested
agree
arrange
asked
cant afford
decided
demand
deserve
expects
fail
intend
learned
managed
need
offered
plan
pretend
promise
refuses
seems
want

I admit liking the other proposal.
You advised translating the documents.
She avoided joining the team.
He doesnt mind solving the problem.
They deny using the facilities.
Ronald enjoys developing software.
We are practicing executing the process.
Sarah risks losing the client.
They have resented doing all the work.
We suggested giving up the project.
I agreed to come in January.
You asked to break down the process.
She cant afford to fail this time.
He has decided to translate the certificate.
They deserve to learn the skills.
We failed to solve the situation.
Jeff has learned to develop programs.
They are refusing to learn the language.
Michelle needed to test the objects.
We wanted to change the picture.

Incorrect Infinitive Use Incorrect Gerund Use
You advised to translate the documents.
He doesnt mind to solve the problem.
Ronald enjoys to develop software.
Sarah risks to lose the client.
We suggested to give up the project.
I agreed coming in January.
She cant afford failing this time.
We failed solving the situation.
Michelle needed testing the objects.
We wanted changing the picture.

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Activity 1
Transform the following verbs into Gerunds to finish the sentences.

Test
1. ______________ this product was beneficial for the company.
Solve
2. ______________ the problem took a while.
Succeed
3. ______________ in life should be your main goal.
Conclude
4. ______________ before the deadline is imperative.
Develop
5. ______________ new strategies will give us the upper hand.
Join
6. ______________ new teams improves your skills.
Learn
7. ______________ how to handle customers is a basic rule.
Translate
8. ______________ the manual requires time and resources.

Activity 2
Choose the best Infinitive for each sentence. Use the Word Bank.

Word Bank
to learn to repair to teach to follow to outsource
to compare to export to keep

1. ______________ with the shipping schedule is necessary.
2. ______________ the customers how to use the product is my job.
3. ______________ the directions will help you sell the product.
4. ______________ directions is necessary when you are in a team.
5. ______________ will optimize your time.
6. ______________ in bulk, will bring down your costs.
7. ______________ obsolete machines is a waste of time.
8. ______________ prices is the key when buying.

Activity 3
Create sentences from cues using Gerunds or Infinitives.

Consume/organic products 1.
Demand / answers 2.
Email / customers 3.
Go over / proposals 4.
Examine / budget 5.
Store / merchandise 6.
Pollute / water 7.
Park / not allowed 8.

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Activity 4
Finish the following sentences.

1. Discussing the annual budget can be

2. Learning new skills

3. Teaming up with other departments

4. To supply the vendors.

5. Asking the instructor

6. Testing the prototype

7. Taking pictures of our products

8. To offer new products will

Activity 5
Use the following Gerunds to create sentences.

giving 1.
listing 2.
showing 3.
validating 4.
warning 5.
putting 6.
throwing 7.
shipping 8.

Activity 6
Use the following Infinitives to create sentences.

To make 1.
To read 2.
To budget 3.
To audit 4.
To lower 5.
To authorize 6.
To warn 7.
To get 8.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Gerunds and Infinitives..

Do you prefer to get to
your job early or to
leave late?

I prefer to leave late. I like waking up early, but the good

thing about leaving the office late is that I dont find any

traffic jams anymore.

Do you think working
for a big company is
better?

Why is saving so
difficult for some
people?

Why do you think
reading is good for
your English?

Do you enjoy leading
projects?

Is solving problems a
part of your job?

Do you prefer to get to
your job early or to
leave late?

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GREEN FUNERALS
We all know that passing away
is part of the cycle of life. As sad
as this event is, there are now
ways to help Mother Earth even
when we die. How can this be?
Here are several methods,
1) Coffins: Some funeral
homes offer wicker
coffins. These are made
out of thin wood or
cardboard. They place the body on this wicker coffin which
goes inside of a coffin just for the funeral itself. Then, after
the service, they bury the body or cremate it, using only the
box. This option means that we need to cut down fewer trees
for coffins, and use less energy to cremate the body.
2) Natural Cemeteries: Instead of burying the body in normal
cemeteries, now there are places that are covered with forests
or natural reserves. Large monuments are not permitted; they
can only use simple plaques for the families to identify their
loved ones.
3) Flower Service: Instead of spending money on flowers, one
can ask the family to donate this money to charities.
So there are many alternative ways of having a green funeral that
can help save the Earth, even when you die!
After reading the article, answer the following questions,
1) What is a green funeral?
2) What are some of the alternative ways that can be used to
bury a person?
3) What is an alternative way to spend money on charities?
4) Can you think of other options for funerals that can help the
Earth?
Source:http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/107/1/Green-funerals-and-
burials.html
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Chapter 23 The Report Was Presented Last Friday.
Objectives
Understand the significance of the Passive Voice to shift the focus of
attention from the subject towards the action being performed.
Structure a sentence using the verb to be and the Past Participle Form of
the main verb to shift the action from the subject to the object.
Learn to use Passive Voice sentences to remove the focus of attention from
the subject and place it on the object.

Passive Voice
You use the Passive Voice to shift the focus of attention from the subject to the object.

Active Simple Past Sentences Passive Simple Past Sentences
Subject Verb Object Subject
Be
(Auxiliary)
Verb
(Past Participle)
By Agent
I
You
Michelle
They
forgot
prepared
enjoyed
replaced
the blueprint.
the employees.
the book.
the cameras.

The blue print
The employees.
The book
The cameras
was
were
was
were
forgotten
prepared
enjoyed
replaced
by
me.
you.
Michelle.
them.

Active Simple Present Sentences Passive Simple Present Sentences
Be
(Auxiliary)
Verb
(Past Participle)
By Agent
Mark
We
She
They
explains
enhance
tries
run
the blueprint.
the features.
the products.
the program.

The blueprint
The features
The products
The program
is
are
are
is
explained
enhanced
tried
run
by
Mark.
us.
her.
them.

Active Present Perfect Sentences Passive Present Perfect Sentences
Be
(Auxiliary)
Verb
(Past Participle)
By Agent
You
Mr. Hall
We
They
have replaced
has led
have read
have explained
the software.
the recruitment.
the manuals.
the problems.

The software
The recruitment
The manuals
The problems
has been

have been
replaced
led
read
explained
by
you.
Mr. Hall.
us.
them.

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In Passive Voice sentences the verb To Be is responsible for stating the tense.

TENSES Subject Doesnt Change To Be Main Verb Doesnt Change
Simple Present The phone numbers are recorded by the program.
Simple Past The phone numbers were recorded by the program.
Present Perfect The phone numbers have been recorded by the program.

The Agent becomes so unimportant in Passive Sentences that sometimes it is removed.

Active You prepared the blueprints She explained the procedure.
Passive
The blueprints are prepared by you.

The blueprints are prepared by you.

The blueprints are prepared weekly.
The blueprints are prepared with care.
The blue prints are prepared in pairs.
The procedure was explained by her.

The procedure was explained by her.

The procedure was explained yesterday.
The procedure was explained in detail.
The procedure was explained with graphics.

Activity 1
Change these Active sentences into Passive Voice.

1. The manager imposes discipline.

2. Daniel broke the camera by mistake.

3. The mechanic paints the car.

4. The suppliers bring the new cell phones.

5. She has obtained her Masters degree.

6. The manager cleared the teams doubt.

7. The workshop improved our skills.

8. The meeting room needs a new table.

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Activity 2
Finish these Passive sentences by writing the correct form of the Auxiliary Verb.

(Simple past tense)
1. The procedure ______________ explained by the technician.
(Simple present tense)
2. A certificate ______________ given to the attendees.
(Present perfect tense)
3. The performance ______________ tested by the manager.
4. The instructions ______________ delivered by the sales clerk.
5. The letter ______________ handed by the messenger.
6. The status ______________ gained by hard work.
7. The necessary changes ______________made by the lawyer.
8. The minute ______________ taken by Robert during the meeting.

Activity 3
Finish the sentences by writing the correct form of the Main Verb.

read
1. The summary was ______________ by the Author.
prepare
2. The reports were ______________ by the team.
explain
3. The easy solution has been ______________ by the manager.
turn down
4. The offer is ______________ by the customer.
test
5. The prototype has been ______________ by the manufacturer.
enjoy
6. The upgrades have been ______________ by the employees.
translate
7. The documents were ______________ by the interpreter.
import
8. The company has been ______________the merchandise.

Activity 4
Create Passive Voice Sentences from the cues.

accept / the proposal
1.
test / the new campaign
2.
the corporation / join
3.
meet / deadline
4.
the color scheme / choose
5.
the defective merchandise
/ send back 6.
both brands / compare
7.
the raw material / store
8.

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Activity 5
With the cues write sentences in the Passive voice, without the agent. Follow the example.

the letter / send 1. The letter was sent right away. / The letter was sent 2 days ago.
the employee / choose
2.
the tax / pay
3.
the restriction / lift
4.
the password / change
5.
the service / improve
6.
the weight / reduce
7.
the goal / achieve
8.

Activity 6
Create Passive Voice Sentences using the following verbs.

try
1.
prepare
2.
throw
3.
make
4.
give
5.
use
6.
recycle
7.
waste
8.

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Activity 7
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Passive Voice expressions.

How are meetings
announced in your
company?

Meetings are held almost every week in my job. Meetings

are usually programmed three days in advance and email

reminders are sent to us the day before the meeting.

How is information
managed in your
company?

What new products or
services have been
launched at your job?

Were employees paid
with a check in your
last job?

How are the new
projects presented in
your company?

Was the vision of the
company explained to
you when you were
hired?

How are meetings
announced in your
company?

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HOW TO MAKE GREEN GLUE.
Did you know that some of the ingredients in glue come from crude oil and
solvents? These materials create greenhouse gases which are gases that create
smog, and are bad for your health. Did you know that there are ways to create
your own green glue? Green glue that is biodegradable, and safe for the Earth?
Here is a simple, green way to make glue:
You will need:
1 cups flour
2 cups hot water
1 cup cold water
cup sugar
mixing bowl
oven
kettle
saucepan
airtight container (covered jar, zip lock bag, etc)
spoon

How to use the materials,
1) Mix the flour and the sugar in a mixing bowl.
2) Add cold water, and stir the mixture. Use a spoon to keep the mixture flat.
3) Transfer the mixture to a saucepan. Set the oven to produce a small flame.
4) Heat water in a kettle. When the water boils, get two cups from the kettle and place it in the
saucepan.
5) Stir the solution in the saucepan, until it becomes hard.
6) Remove the solution from the pan and transfer it in a mixing bowl.
7) After mixing the solution, store it in an airtight container, if you are not going to use it.

The airtight container will preserve the glue for 4-6 weeks. If the glue gets very hard, just add hot water
to make it soft.
So what are you waiting for? Get your hands dirty and create your own green glue!


After you finish reading the article, read the following sentences and use an X for true or false.
True False
1) Glue comes from safe elements, which are good for your health.
2) To make green glue, you need 2 cups of cold water.
3) The airtight bag will preserve the glue for 42 days.
4) If the glue gets very hard, add warm water to make it soft.
Source : http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/379/1/Green-glue.html
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---
Notes:

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Chapter 24 This is Where It All Started.
Objectives
Understand how additional information about the subject can be provided
within a single sentence.
Recognize the patterns that affect a relative clause and the appropriate use
of relative pronouns.
Use relative clauses to provide additional information about the subject in
the sentences.

Relative Clauses
A Relative Clause is used to give additional information about the subject or object within the
same sentence.

Relative Clauses for Things.

In each couple, both sentences give
information about the same thing or things.
Here, the two sentences are made into a single sentence using a
relative clause with the relative pronoun which.
Those are the blinds.
They need to be cleaned.
Those are the blinds which need to be cleaned.
This is the opportunity.
The opportunity can make us rich.
This is the opportunity which and make us rich.
That was a private call.
The call gave us important details.
That was a private call which gave us important details.
I need an opinion.
This opinion will help me make a decision.
I need an opinion which will help me make a decision.
This is the floor.
This floor has twenty-five new offices.
This is the floor which has twenty-five new offices.

Relative Clauses for People.

information about the same person or
people.
relative clause with the relative pronoun who.
He is the teenager.
He created the concept.
He is the teenager who created the concept.
They were the people.
They attended our sales pitch.
They were the people who attended our sales pitch.
She is the applicant.
She has a remarkable background.
She is the applicant who has a remarkable background.
I was the trainee.
I got the highest scores.
I was the trainee who got the highest scores.
She was the manager.
She gave me a great opportunity.
She was the manager who gave me a great opportunity.

Relative Clauses for Places.

In each couple, both sentences give information
about the same place or places.
relative clause with the relative pronoun where.
This is the town.
The company opened in this town.
This is the town where the company opened.

Those were the buildings.
The engineer bought an office in this building.
Those were the buildings where the engineer bought an
office.
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These are the offices.
We are going to move to these offices.
These are the offices where we are going to move to.
That was the university.
The owner studied in this university.
That was the university where the owner studied in.

Relative Clauses for Time.

information about the same time period.
relative clause with the relative pronoun when.
That was the day.
I spoke to you that day.
That was the day when I spoke to you.
That was the month.
We charged the client in that month.
That was the month when we charged the client.
That will be the day.
We will share our findings on that day.
That will be the day when we will share our findings.
Those are the weeks.
They have training in those weeks.
Those are the weeks when they have training.

Activity 1
Order the words to create correct sentences.

0. was absent / Jennifer is yesterday / the secretary / who.

1. this is / the machine / was behaving weird / which.

2. the entrepreneur / gave me / he is / an opportunity / who.

3. age restrictions / the club / they have / that is / where.

4. she is /the reputable politician/ was my boss / who.

5. we had / the day / the training session/ Monday was /when .

6. to register / I want / my children / the private school / this is / where.

7. will be / December / I will / the month / be responsible for the system / when.

8. the report / you wanted / to see / I found / which .

9. the applicant / she called / came yesterday/ who .

10. the year / 2012 will be/ to Europe / we will expand / when .

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Activity 2
The following sentences are incomplete. Rewrite them including the appropriate Relative Pronoun (who,
which, where, or when).

0. Mr. Williams is the consultant has worked for us in the past.
Mr. Williams is the consultant who has worked for us in the past.
1. We went to the restaurant we had dinner last night.

2. Betty is the training professional will deliver the workshop.

3. This is the invoice for the products we purchased online.

4. The launch was the day we met the Canadian businessman.

5. They are the applicants got the higher marks in the evaluations.

6. They are attending a meeting in the building they opened the site.

7. I just saw the man is responsible for the accounts.

8. The innovative strategy we decided to implement is yielding great results.

9. This is the quote we decided to ignore because of the high prices.

10. February is the month we plan to reach our objectives.

Activity 3
For each item combine the two sentences to create a single sentence which includes a Relative Clause.

0. Mrs. Nelson is the investor. Mrs. Nelson wants to purchase the company.
Mrs. Nelson is the investor who wants to purchase the company.
1. He is the employee. He is coming to work this afternoon

2. These are the blinds. These blinds need to be repaired.

3. Monday was the day. We implemented the changes on Monday.

4. This is the report. I need you to read this report.

5. We are part of the team. The team developed the concept.

6. This is the desk. I left my books from university on this desk.

7. Mr. Lee is the client. Mr. Lee passed away recently.

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8. They are the students. They turned in their papers on time.

9. That was a sensible decision. That decision saved us thousands of dollars.

10. That is the international university. He got a PhD. in that university.

Activity 4
Add a relative clause to each of the following sentences.

0. Mr. Carter was the attorney ____
Mr. Carter was the attorney who took our case.
1. I was the one ____

2. I liked the idea ____

3. We will implement the process ____

4. Thursday was the day ____

5. She will be the employee ____

6. They went to the factory ____

7. That is the month ____

8. We are the committee ____

9. These are the changes ____

10. This is the office ____

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Activity 5
Write sentences that include Relative Clauses. Underline the Relative Pronoun.

(who)

0. My brother is the person who helps me practice my English.
(which)

1.
(who)

2.
(where)

3.
(when)

4.
(who)

5.
(which)

6.
(which)

7.
(where)

8.

Activity 7
Write realistic answers including Relative Clauses.

Who is the coworker who
you trust the most?

I think the coworker I trust the most is Nancy. I knew her

before I got the job. She was in my finances course at

college but we didnt really talk much back then.

What is the
accomplishment which
youre most proud of?

Is there anybody who you
would like to work with?

Is there something which
concerns you about your
current job?

Are there any places where
you would like to travel?

Are there times when you
prefer to be alone?

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Who is the coworker who
you trust the most?

WHAT IS GREENPEACE?
Greenpeace is a private organization
that promotes ecological actions to save
the Earth. This organization started in
1971, in Canada. At that time, the U.S.
Government was testing nuclear energy
in Amchitka, Alaska. This organization
sent a ship to protest against these
actions.
Greenpeace focuses on helping problems
such as: global warming, deforestation,
animals, life preservation, and nuclear issues. The way they attack these
problems is by protesting and making these actions public. This global
organization does not accept money from governments, companies or
political parties. They get their funds from private partners, like movie
celebrities, and more than 7.8 million people that donate money.
Greenpeace now works in 84 countries around the world, and is helping to
make people all around the world to take care of nature.
After you finish reading the article, read the following sentences and use
an X for true or false.
True False
1) Greenpeace is a governmental organization.
2) The organization started in 1971, in the United
States

3) This organization promotes ecological actions
around the world.

4) Greenpeace receives donations from public people.
5) Greenpeace has offices in more than 50 countries
around the world.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Peace
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Chapter 25 We Sent the Budget, Didnt We?
Objectives
Understand tag questions can be used as an alternative for the
interrogative forms.
Recognize the grammatical patterns that affect the creation of tags for the
different tenses.
Create tag questions for the simple and progressive tenses and for the
present perfect tense.

Tag Questions
Tag Questions are interrogative sentences built using a declarative sentence and a short
interrogative appendix called the Tag. Tag questions are more common in spoken English than in
written English.

Simple Present Tense Tag Tag Questions
A
f
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You hire in March
She identifies the flaws.
He is a freelance designer.
They are in the department.
dont you?
doesnt she?
isnt he?
arent you?
You hire in March, dont you?
She identifies the flaws, doesnt she?
He is a freelance designer, isnt he?
They are in the research department arent they?
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You dont hire in March.
She doesnt identify the flaws.
He isnt a freelance designer.
They arent in the department.
do you?
does she?
is he?
are you?
You dont hire in March, do you?
She doesnt identify the flaws, does she?
He isnt a freelance designer, is he?
They arent in the research department, are you?

Simple Past Tense Tag Tag Questions
A
f
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You fired your accountant
He created the system
She was from the agency.
They were overseas.
didnt you?
didnt he?
wasnt she?
werent they
You fired your accountant, didnt you?
He created the system, didnt he?
She was from the agency, wasnt he?
They were overseas, werent they?
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You didnt fire your accountant
He didnt create the system.
She wasnt from the agency.
They werent overseas.
did you?
did he?
was she?
were they?
You didnt fire your accountant, did you?
He didnt create the system, did he?
She wasnt from the agency, was she?
They werent overseas, were they?

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Present and Past Progressive Tag Tag Questions
A
f
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You are listening.
He is buying a franchise.

She was working full time.
They were growing a lot.
arent you?
isnt he?

wasnt she?
werent they?
You are listening, arent you?
He is buying a franchise, isnt he?

She was working full time, wasnt she?
They were growing a lot, werent they?
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You arent listening.
He isnt buying a franchise.

She wasnt working full time.
They werent growing a lot.
are you?
is he?

was she?
were they?
You arent listening, are you?
He isnt buying a franchise, is he?

She wasnt working full time, was she?
They werent growing a lot, were they?

Present Perfect Tense Tag Tag Questions
A
f
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You have identified a niche.
She has worked freelance.
It has rained lately.
We have paid for the copyrights.
havent you?
hasnt she?
hasnt it?
havent we?
You have identified a niche, havent you?
She has worked freelance, hasnt she?
It has rained lately, hasnt it?
We have paid for the copyrights, havent we?
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

You havent identified a niche.
She hasnt worked freelance.
It hasnt rained lately.
We havent paid for the copyrights.
have you?
has she?
has it?
have we?
You havent identified a niche, have you?
She hasnt worked freelance, has she?
It hasnt rained lately, has it?
We havent paid for the copyrights, have we

Modal Verbs Tag Tag Questions
A
f
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

They will break even.
She can value the assets.
I should sell my business.
They would like the proposal.
wont they?
cant she?
shouldnt I?
wouldnt they?
They will break even, wont they?
She can value the assets,
I should sell my business,
They would like the proposal,
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

S
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s

They wont break even.
She cant value the assets.
I shouldnt sell my business.
They wouldnt like the proposal.
will they?
can she?
should I?
would they?
They wont break even, will they?
She cant value the assets, can she?
I shouldnt sell my business, should I?
They wouldnt like the proposal, would they?

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Page 185
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Activity 1
Write a Tag for each sentence using Simple Present Tense.

1. We aim for the best

2. The program doesnt exchange information

3. She starts the research next Monday

4. They dont hire undergraduates

5. The company grows every year

6. The assistant doesnt organize his day

7. We relate to the customers needs

8. The pass identifies you at the convention

Activity 2
Write a Tag for each sentence using Simple Past Tense.

1. The machine took over his job

2. We returned the raw materials to the plant

3. I calculated the gross profit

4. That was a good acquisition

5. They were oblivious about the acquisition

6. That product increased our added value

7. The companys assets were not jeopardized

8. Our teams branding was the best

Activity 3
Write declarative sentences for each Tag using Present or Past Progressive Tense and the verb given.
Follow the example.

Organize 0. We are organizing the charity event
, arent we?
Sell 1.
, isnt it?
Grow 2.
, wasnt he?
Negotiate 3.
, werent you?
Pay 4.
, was she?
Break even 5.
, were we?
Talk 6.
, arent you?
Wear 7.
, isnt he?
Translate 8.
, werent they?

Activity 4
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Page 186
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Write declarative sentences for each Tag using Present Perfect Tense and the verb given. Follow the
example.

Sell 0. They havent sold the old merchandise
, have they?
Bargain 1.
, has she?
Collaborate 2.
, have you?
Invest 3.
, have we?
Train 4.
, havent we?
Enjoy 5.
, hasnt it?
Join 6.
, havent you?
Meet 7.
, havent they?
Supply 8.
, has he?

Activity 5
Write Tag Questions using the cues. Follow the example

Encourage/should
0. We should encourage good behavior around the office,
shouldnt we?
Win/could 1.
Change/would 2.
Handle/will 3.
Use/can 4.
Earn/won t 5.
Subtract/couldnt 6.
Read/shouldnt 7.
Control/cant 8.

Activity 6
Write Tag Questions using the cues. Follow the example.

Connect/have 0. You havent connected to the server, have you?
Allocate/were 1.
Repeat/shouldnt 2.
Run out of/arent 3.
Damage/did 4.
Get in/is 5.
Add up/dont 6.
Balance/will 7.
Promise/doesnt 8.

Activity 7
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2010
Write realistic answers to these questions that include Tag Questions.

Youre not new in your
company, are you?

No, Im not. I began to work there about three years ago. It

was hard at first because I was the youngest person in my

department, but I finally got used to it.

You dont work on
Sunday, do you?

You didnt study
abroad last year, did
you?

You were promoted
recently, werent you?

You have studied other
languages, havent
you?

You have been to the
U.S., havent you?

You should read more
books in English,
shouldnt you?

Youre new in your
company, arent you?

www.cedsgt.com

Page 188
CEDS ENGLISH
2010

GREEN MOTHERS DAY GIFTS
If you celebrate Mothers Day, honor your mother and Mother
Nature by giving her a green present this year!
If you want to give your mom flowers, try to buy the ones that are
grown in your local area, or give her a potted plant with flowers.
This way, the flower industry will spend less money on
transportation. Also if these flowers are in pots, your mom can
plant them in her garden, or keep them in the pot you gave her!
Did you know that it takes up to 5 tons of water and 20 tons of mine
garbage to create a gold ring? Try to buy jewelry that has been used
by other people, or try to buy things made out of glass or recycled
materials.
If you are going to buy your mom a perfume, companies now have
organic perfumes. Also, now you can buy organic cosmetics. And if
you are type of person that likes to give kitchen appliances, such as:
microwave ovens, dishwashers, etc., look for items that consume as
little power as possible and that have recyclable components.
When you give your gift this year explain to your mother these
green mothers days gifts, so that she can also give you
suggestions on what to give her for the next year!

What other ideas do you have for green mothers day gifts?
Source: http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/104/1/Green-mothers-day-gifts.html

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