Modern Scientific Research and The Qur'an

MODERN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, THE QURAAN HOLDS THE KEYS
ISLAM NABI JAFRI CPhys;MInstP

MSc (SIND); MSc (READING); MA (ICAS, LONDON).
COPY RIGHTS
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying and recording or by any storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the author in writing.
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Dedications
DEDICATIONS
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED:
1. 2. TO MUHAMMAD, MESSENGER OF GOD (PEACE BE ON HIM), TO WHOM THE QURAAN WAS REVEALED. TO ALL HIS COMPANIONS (MAY GOD BE PLEASED WITH THEM), WHO LEARNED THE TEACHINGS OF THE QURAAN, ENFORCED THEM IN THEIR LIVES AND PRESERVED THE QURAAN IN THEIR MUSHAFS AND THEIR HEARTS DEVOTING THEIR LIVES FOR ITS TRANSMISSION TO US. TO MY MOTHER WHO GAVE ME THE FIRST LESSONS OF THE HOLY BOOK, AND TO MY FATHER, WHO GAVE ME THE REAL INSIGHT INTO THE MARVELS OF THE QURAAN. MAY GOD BE MERCIFUL AND KIND TO THEM BOTH JUST AS THEY REARED ME WHEN I WAS A LITTLE BOY. TO ALL OPEN MINDED SEEKERS OF TRUTH.
3.
4.
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Acknowledgements
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .
I am indebted to all those who were of help, in any way, toward the completion of this book. Without their valuable support, it would not have been possible for me to finish this project in the time that I did. I thank every one of them for their assistance from the core of my heart. I also thank those authors, writers, speakers and scholars whose works have been of help to me in any way.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Contents
CONTENTS
Outer cover Inner cover Copy Rights Dedications .. i Acknowledgements .... ii Contents .. iii Foreword .. 1 Introduction ...3 PART ONE: About the Quraan .. 5 Chapter 1 Brief Information About the Quraan and the Quraaniv Verses ...... 6
PART ONE, SECTION ONE: The Explicit Verses of the Quraan .... ..8 Chapter 2 Examples of Explicit Verses I (Sub-groups 1- 4) .10 1, Assertive . .10 2. Comparative .11 3. Imperative .11 4. Informative .. 12 Chapter 3 Examples of Explicit Verses I (Sub-groups 5- 7) . 14 5. Instructive 14 6. Legislative 15 7. Narrative .. 16 PART ONE, SECTION TWO: Part Explicit Part Implicit, or the Mixed Verses 18 Examples of Mixed Verses relevant to Modern Sciences 19 Chapter 4 Agriculture and Farming . .20 Chapter 5 Astronomy, Astrology and Cosmology .... 25 Chapter 6 Botany and Horticulture 31 Chapter 7 Chemistry . 35 Chapter 8 Computer Science .39 Chapter 9 Embryology and Human Biology 43 Chapter 10 Geography, Geology and Metrology . 51 Chapter 11 Mathematics .. 53 Chapter 12 Medicine 59 Chapter 13 Physics-I .62 Chapter 14 Physics-II 68 Chapter 15 Physics-III ..74 Chapter 16 Psychology (Human) ..81 Chapter 17 Zoology ..89 PART ONE, SECTION THREE: The Implicit Verses of the Quraan 88 Chapter 18 Examples of Implicit Verses-I 91 1. God is the Creator and Sustainer of Everything .91
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Evidence of the Roundness of the Earth .91 Evidence of Other Worlds (Planets, Stars and Galaxies)93 Evidence of Roundness of Sky ...94 No East and No West The Continuum 95 Chapter 12 Examples of Implicit Verses-II .100 The Extra-Implicit Verses ...100 1. The First Message .100 2. The Second Message .102
2. 3. 4. 5.
PART TWO: Modern Scientific Research The Scientist Vs. The Quraan .. ..111
Two Fundamental Questions .......112 Eighteen Popular Questions .112 PART TWO, SECTION ONE: Mans Findings on Creation ...113 Chapter 20: A Survey of Researches on Creation, Early and Medieval Eras, The very Early Pioneers .115 Some Quraan-inspired Muslim Pioneers of the Medieval Era ...117 Chapter 21: Evolution of the Mans Model of the Universe, The Renaissance and Post- renaissance Eras ...........118 The Renaissance and Post-renaissance Era Pioneers ...........118 The Twentieth Century Pioneers ..119 Chapter 22: Prelude to the Big Bang .121 Methodology used and Measurements made ............121 Scientific Notations and Terminology for Large Numbers ..121 Scientific Notations and Terminology for Small Numbers ..122 Chapter 23: The Big Bang and After, The Scientists Account ....123 Tabular Presentation of the Scientists Account of the Big Bang Event and its Aftermath ....124 The Scientists Different Eras of Creation ....125 Chapter 24: The Scientists Final Model of the Universe ..126 Chapter 25: The Quraans Big Bang Account of Creation-I ....127 The Big Bang Event and the Origin of Creation 127 God is the Originator of ALL Creation .128 The Planned, Perfectly Designed and Flawless Universe .129 The Doom and Recreation .129 The Microscopic Creation .130 The Macroscopic Creation ....130 The Expanding Universe ..130 The Periods of Creation ............................................131 Creation and Origins of Life .132 Chapter 26: The Quraans Big Bang Account of Creation-II ..133 The Division of the Six Quraanic Periods of Creation 133 Sustenance and Provisions of the Earth 133 Creation of Seven Skies in Two Periods of Time .134 The Quraanic Periods of Creation and The Scientists After Big iv
Bang Time Chart Compared .135 Tabular Comparison between the Scientists Time Chart and the Quraanic Periods of time .136 Chapter 27: MAN@S AND THE Quraans Models of the Universe...137 A Comparison of the two Models .137 The Mans Model ..137 The Quraans on Mans Model 138 The Quraans Model of the Heavenly Universe 139 The Quraans Grand Unified Model of the Universe ...140 Chapter 28: Concords and Discords between the Scientists and the Quraans Models of the Universe 143 Tabular Presentation of the Pints of Concords and Discords 143 PART THREE: The End of the Universe .145 Chapter 29: The End of the Universe-I ..146 Various Theories Forwarded .146 What the Qur,aan Supports 147 Chapter 30: The End of the Universe-II .148 Destructive resonance Explained, Examples and Makeshift Demonstrations ..148 The Phenomena of Beats and Resonance ..148 The Phenomenon of Beats and Resonance Explained ...149 Chapter 31: The End of the Universe-III 151 The Quraanic Account ..151 The First Blast: The Big Shaking, Jolting and Terror 152 The Second Blast: A Second Big Bang, Suddenness and Total Destruction ...........153 The Third Blast: Resurrection and Accountability 156 Chapter 32: The End of Universe-IV .160 Recreation, Resurrection and Final Accountability ..........................160 End of the Universe is Sure to Happen. It is Gods Promise 160 Timing of the Final Doom is not known to anyone but God 160 Recreation .161 Resurrection ..161 Final Accountability .162 Chapter 33: The Scientist vs. The Quraan, Answers to the Eighteen Popular Questions 164 PART FOUR: How The Quraan Holds the Keys ..170 Chapter 34: How the Quraan Holds the Keys? 171 PART FOUE, SECTION ONE: The Scientist Should Pay Heed .173 Chapter 35: The Scientist Should Pay Heed to the Pointers and Clues In the Quraan ..174 Comments of Some Celebrated Scientists and Researchers.174
Chapter 36: Thr Quraan Suggests Fields of Research the Scientists
Have Stayed Away From 176 (1) Still Time and Higher Speed of Motion.176 (2) Decoding of Animal Speech .178 (3) Smaller Wavelength Radiation 179 (4) Longevity of Mans Age ...179 PART FIVE: Conclusions and Appendices ....180 PART FIVE, SECTION ONE: Conclusions 181 Chapter 37: Conclusions Drawn ..182 PART FIVE, SECTION TWO: Appendices 184 Appendix 1: Scientific Evidence that God is the Originator of All Laws under Which Everything in the Universe Works.....185 1. The Heat-Temperature Relationship .....186 2. The Temperature-Volume Relationship ...186 3. The Absolute zero of Temperature or the Zero Kelvin.187 4. A Liquid Amongst the Heavy Metals ...187
Appendix 2: God, HIS Angels, Messengers and Books ..189

1. 2. 3. 4. The Almighty God .189 The Angels of God .189 The Messengers of God .190 The Books of God ..193
Appendix 3: The Teachings and Traditions of Prophet Muhammad

(Peace be on him) ...............196 1. The Teachings ..196 2. The Traditions .197 3. Some Examples from the Traditions 198 Appendix 4: The Worlds First Recorded Charter of Human Rights, Race Relations ans Women Emancipation .202 The Parting Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be on Him) ...202 Appendix 5: Some Answers Long Overdue ...206 1. To the Atheists ......206 2. To the Blasphemers ...208 3. To the Skeptics and Critics 208 Appendix 6: An Appeal to the Muslim 210 References and Bibliography ..211
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Foreword
FOREWORD Being a Muslim I used to read some Quraan almost daily, sometimes without understanding and at other times benefiting from translations and commentaries provided by learned scholars. I must, however, confess that what actually prompted me to study the Quraan from the viewpoint of a seeker of knowledge and truth, who was also aware of the basic principles of modern sciences, was a very odd but challenging question posed by an atheist student at the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London. One of my very able students, later a colleague and a close friend at the University of Sind at Hyderabad, Pakistan was engaged in research works on Plasma Physics at the Imperial College when I was teaching Physics as a Senior Master at the Presentation College, a secondary level grammar school, in the nearby town of Reading in Berkshire. We used to visit each other almost every weekend. I still remember that cold foggy morning of an early 1967 Saturday when Athar Saeed Naqvi (now Dr A.S. Naqvi and Professor of Physics at the much esteemed King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) narrated to me the atheist student's question and wondered what I had to say in reply. The question was composed of two parts and I quote: "Can God create a stone so heavy that He Himself would not be able to lift?" The self-proclaimed atheist author of the question may not have been so good at his subject of study but I am sure he considered himself extra brilliant in the field of atheism. The cleverness of the composition of the question is obvious. If you are not careful, you are likely to be trapped to deny, or at least to temporarily endorse the denial of the existence of Almighty God! If you hurriedly replied "Oh yes, He can", the atheist will immediately stress the second part of his question claiming that God cannot lift an object of a certain weight. If you, on the other hand, were to utter a negative reply or adopt silence, or even took a prolonged pause, he would catch you on the first part saying "Ah, but that means God is unable to create an object of certain required dimensions". So he thought his question was not simply a brainteaser, but a brain paralyser for people who believed in the existence of an Almighty God. To be honest, I told Athar to tell the atheist when he next met him: "For you your religion and for me my religion (Quraan, 109:6)." Athar smilingly reminded me that the other party had no religion. Besides, he had posed a challenging question to those who had a religion and as such must be given a convincing answer. I refrained from making any further comments at that time. I decided to study the Quraan to find a good answer. I was convinced within myself that if answers to such odd questions existed, the Quraan would have them. But to draw such an answer from the Quraan, it was necessary for me to explore, on the most advanced and sophisticated scientific principles what the Quraan had to say about creation, about matter and energy, about mass and weight, about densities and specific gravities, about gravity and gravitation, about forces and fields of force, about friction and inertia, about actions and reactions, and about the laws of sciences in general. I decided to take on the challenge and started to devote more and more time to studying the Quraan. I read the text, went through translations, interpretations and commentaries written by esteemed scholars. I began to learn the Arabic language myself, and while studying the Quraan, applied what little knowledge of the fundamental principles of Mathematics and Physics I had acquired while reading for my two Masters degrees in Pakistan and in England, and also during my career as a Lecturer and teacher of these two subjects. It was to be a long-term exercise, but the inspiration that started from an atheist's question was ever on the increase. Whenever I could spare time I read the Quraan and pondered over the verses. I pondered and pondered until I was convinced that an overwhelming majority of Quraanic verses were in conformity with the most advanced and universally established principles and laws of modern sciences or the findings of modern scientific researches endorsed what the Quraanic verses stated some fifteen centuries ago. Praise be to God, I had acquired from the Quraan some understanding of how the Universe started, how it is running and how it will come to an end. During my years-long study of the Quraan, I also gathered not one but several answers to the atheist's brainteaser as well. But by now I had in front of me an astonishingly vast ocean of scientific knowledge and information contained in the Quraan that explicitly spoke about comparatively recently discovered scientific facts and phenomena, and implicitly held the keys to the modern scientific researches going on at the moment. I knew well that many learned authors have written about some information contained in the Quraan about advanced scientific findings, in particular about Embryology, Astronomy and Cosmology. But I was amazed to know that almost every one of the one hundred and fourteen chapters of the Holy Book was rich with so much of the most advanced scientific information. So forgetting about forwarding a reply to a single individual I started to think in terms of letting all my fellow human beings share the knowledge with me. By this time, one Salman Rushdi had come up with his book "The Satanic Verses" and a few more voices like those of one
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Foreword
Anwar Ali and one Tasleema Nasrin were heard pointing to what they said was the need to make changes in the Quraan according to the changing times. There was a natural uproar from the Muslims around the world about such preposterous suggestions. I simply wondered how any sane person could have such nonsensical ideas about a book that the world knows exists unchanged for the last fifteen centuries, and that contains such an enormous amount of scientific information that is being rediscovered and upheld only in recent times. Surely such people write and speak only for quick money and cheap fame. However, I personally believe that the right response to such people is not violent demonstrations but to prove them wrong by showing to the world what the Quraan actually is. I, therefore, decided to make an attempt at doing this. However, I had to first ask myself whether I am qualified to commentate on the verses of the Quraan with only my degrees in Mathematics and Physics. My own answer to me was no. I thought I must study and acquire some formal qualifications in Islamic Studies generally, and in the sciences of the Quraan, Hadith and Sunnah particularly, before I made my intended attempt. Having been left with mobility difficulty after a massive stroke attack in 1993, I made a search on the Internet for institutions that offered degree courses in Islamic Studies. With the help of God I soon located the Islamic College of Advanced Studies in London that offered not only degree courses up to M A but also opportunities for doctoral research. Without hesitation I enrolled with that college for their Masters degree with intent to proceed for further research. This book is the result of my attempt, started after some thirty years concentrated study of the Holy Quraan, and a couple of years studentship to secure a Masters degree in Islamic Studies from the ICAS, London. While completing the book, I could not have forgotten the atheists question that was the moving cause of this book. Many answers to that question that I gathered from the Holy Book will be found discussed in Appendix five of the last part of the book. I also wish to add a note for those experts of the sciences of the Quraan, who are particularly interested in researches on the branch called Ijaz-al-Quraan (The miraculous nature of the Quraan). The Miracle of the Quraan is that it has a vast amount of explicit and implicit information about modern scientific phenomena (that were, and are being discovered and established centuries after the Revelations of the Quraan). This has been very much underplayed. The reason forwarded for this is that the scientific theories and pronouncements are not permanent. What is propounded and claimed by the scientists of today is refuted and rejected by those of tomorrow and replaced by new ideas altogether. So the realm of science cannot be taken as an important miracle of the Quraan. In my humble opinion this is not a right attitude, and is based on gross misconception. That we should not entertain the scientific theories and unverified pronouncements is right, but scientific discoveries and facts established for good, that are part and parcel of our daily life, must not be discriminated against. One aim of this work is to show beyond doubt that the principles, the rules and the laws of all classical and modern sciences are designed and promulgated by God for running what He has created. Scientists have not made or invented them. They have only researched and discovered them, and used them to make the progress that we see around us today. So if the fifteenhundred-years-old revelations of the Quraan are verified by modern scientific research today, its a big miracle of the Quraan indeed. Scientific verifications of the Quraanic verses, or conversely the pointing of the Quraan to such information should, therefore, be reckoned and accepted as a very important pillar of the Ijaz-al-Qur,an. I. N. J.
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The Quraan is a book containing Gods messages revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), for proclamation to his own people and for transmission to mankind at large. The period of time in which the Quraan was completed extended over some twenty three years, that is, the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) life span after being chosen as the Last Messenger of God. The Quraan was not sent down as a completely written out book, nor was it sent down in the order in which it is found edited today. It was, instead, sent down in the form of revelations' of varying lengths, which Gabriel read out to the Prophet (peace be upon him) who at the completion of each revelation found it fully grasped and committed to his memory. He later recited these to his devoted companions who recorded them in various ways, and indeed many of them committed them to their own memories in turn. Although the Prophets scribes wrote down the whole Quraan during his life, the collection and compilation of the divine revelations in the form of a book that we see today, was done some time after the passing away of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The editing job did not present any problems at all, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) was told by Gabriel the exact sequential location of a verse (sentence), passage (collection of some sentences) or Surah (a full chapter) regardless of the order in which they were revealed. The Prophet (peace be upon him) in turn instructed the recorders to write down the revelations accordingly. The Quraan is, thus, not an ordinary book, and indeed, when one picks up a copy for browsing through, one does not find any of the features that are considered the necessary hallmarks of an ordinary book today. Name of the author, foreword, preface and introduction, table of contents, marginal notes, addenda, corrigenda, references, glossary, index and similar features of an ordinary book are just not there. Even so the Quraan is printed, published and distributed like any other book so that the casual browser, unless he or she is a keen observer, does not immediately realise that he/she has something uniquely extraordinary in his/her hands. Unfortunately, pondering inspection, deep observation and searching study was denied to the Quraan by non-Muslim scholars, researchers and philosophers for reason of religious bias. Islam was portrayed in the west as a religion of the sword and the Quraan was regarded as a book written out by man or men containing nothing but propaganda. Fortunately now though, the situation is changing fast. People of today are not so given to religious prejudices, as they were in the past. Non-Muslim scholars and researchers now seem to be more and more interested in the real truth, and a lot of them are inclined to study the Quraan. Indeed many westerners have written about the marvels of the Quraan and have pointed to the treasures of scientific information it contains. The book "The Bible, the Quraan and the Science" by Dr. Maurice Bucaille, originally written in French as "La Bible, le Coran et le Science" is a very good example, in which the holy scriptures are examined in the light of modern scientific knowledge. Many Muslim writers have also used their pens on the subject. These works, valuable as they are, seem to make it appear that there are only a few sentences in the Quraan here and there that conform to modern scientific data. Nothing could be further from the truth! The author intends to show through this work of his, beyond any shadow of doubt, that the entire Quraan carries such information and pointers, and that there is a far greater bulk of sentences and passages and long narrations conforming to modern scientific findings than has actually been realised. In fact, it will be seen that hardly any of the one hundred and fourteen Suras (chapters) are free from scientific information in one way or other. There are, of course, other subjects and topics like history, morality, jurisprudence, family and society values, ultimate accountability of one's deeds in this world and the like, but these are so mixed up with the information about science, computer technology, space, astronomy and cosmology etc., that you will have verses in practically every chapter that explicitly or implicitly speak about one field of modern science or the other. Not only that, carefully translated and rightly interpreted, the Quraan clearly has the keys for the scientist of today, which he can use to unlock the fields for his future researches. Many scientific thinkers and explorers of today are beginning to say that man has about completed his scientific researches, and whatever there was to be discovered has almost been discovered with the exception of the origin of the Universe we live in. The author's answer to them is a big NO. If pointers are taken from the Quraanic revelations, a large number of possible fields of research have not been taken up yet. The Quran repeatedly calls man to explore the wonders of the universe and appreciate the Signs of God that are scattered all around him. There are several verses that contain this divine call, and indeed it was the
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Introduction
inspiration generated by this Quraanic call that made the earlier Muslims make glorious scientific achievements. The early and middle Islamic era saw the Muslim world produce scientists of great stature who discovered and developed the basic theories and laws in almost all branches of modern science. The author will mention the contributions of the early Muslim scientists while discussing the Quraanic verses relevant to different scientific fields. However, the aim of this book will remain to portray the bulk of Quraanic revelations about modern scientific knowledge, and not as a presentation of the history of Muslim scientists or an account of their accomplishments. With all the sincerity at his command, the author invites the scientist, theoretician or the experimentalist, thinker or philosopher and any other analyser, researcher and seeker of truth to take a look through the Quraan, maybe via this work in the first instance, to see for himself or herself that the Quraan really holds the keys for not only the researches going on round the world today, but more importantly for work(s) hitherto untouched, rather un thought of, which should make viable areas of future research. The author is sure that at the end of such a look through the Quraan, the scientists and the thinkers will have collected enough material by way of information, clues and pointers to go back to their laboratories and workplaces convinced of the immense amount of work yet to be done. The Quraan is a book for all mankind and its call for pondering, reflecting and finding out more, is addressed to everyone regardless of faith, colour or creed. It is not, as is generally understood, an address to Muslims only. Having said that, however, Muslim scientists, thinkers and philosophers do benefit from an unshakeable belief that the Quraan is a collection of God's revelations and that every word of it is nothing but the truth. Thus they have the basic advantage of accepting the Quraanic calls as their unquestionable duty. As such, it becomes more demanding on them to ponder, reflect and research on what is said in the Quraan. Muslim governments, institutions of learning, bodies of influence as well as people who can afford time and money have it as their sacred duty to revive the researches and the wonderful scientific works that their forerunners so successfully did. They should organise and develop curricula and syllabi for schools, colleges and universities to resume researches on the Quraanic revelations anew, not only to carry forward the development of the already existing branches of modern sciences, but do pioneering work into new fields of researches that the Quraan points to, but which scientists have not so far touched. This book comprises of five parts. Each part has its own sections and each section has a number of chapters. Following is a guide: Part One: About the Quraan and the Quraanic Verses. This part has three sections, each devoted to the discussion of one of the three broad groups that the author has classified the Quraanic verses in for the purposes of this book: Section 1: Deals with Group One, The Explicit Verses, and has seven representative sub-groups each comprising of examples of the Quraanic verses from this group. It has two chapters. Section 2: Deals with Group Two, The Partly-Explicit-Partly Implicit, or The Mixed Verses. It has fourteen chapters, each chapter discussing a different field or group of fields of modern sciences. Section 3: Deals with Group Three, The Implicit Verses, and has two chapters containing examples of verses relevant to this group. Part Two: Modern Scientific Research and the Quraanic Verses. This part, again, has three sections. Section 1: Contains a brief survey of Modern Scientific Research, and deals with mans findings, and what the Quraan says on Creation. It has six chapters. Section 2: Under the caption of Concords and Discords discusses mans Models of the Universe and its comparison to the model built by the Quraanic revelations. It has three chapters. Section 3: This is devoted to the discussion of the evolution of the universe and has two chapters PART THREE: THE END OF THE UNIVERSE: This part has four chapters. PART FOUR: THE QURAAN HOLDS THE KEYS: This part has three chapters. PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND APPENDICES: This part has two sections. Section 1 comprises of the conclusions drawn while Section 2 has five appendices relevant to the subject matter of the book .
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part1: About the Quraan
PART ONE ABOUT THE QURAAN
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 1: Brief Information About the Quraa And Quraanic Verses
CHAPTER 1 BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT THE QURAAN AND THE QURAANIC VERSES
1. THE CORRECT PRONUNCIATION The name of the Holy Book is written and pronounced in many ways, as for example, Koran, Coran, Quran, Quran, Quraan, and Quraan. All but the last are wrong and some are even grossly misleading. Keeping in mind the Arabic root-word Qara from which it is derived, Quraan is the best pronunciation. The next acceptable one is Quran. It should be noted here that the apostrophe after the consonant r is for just a pausing effect and is not related to the following consonant a in any way. 2. OTHER NAMES Within the revelations contained in the Quraan, God has referred to it by many names. They too are all Arabic names and are extensively used by all Muslims, Arabs and non Arabs alike. Some of these names are: Noor (Light, Glowing Radiation), Huda (Guidance, Admonition), Zikr (Remembrance, Reminder), Kitaab (The Book), Kitaab-Allah (Book of God), Kalaam-Allah (Speech of God), Furqaan (Criterion), Tanzeel (Revelation sent down), Moezah (Narration) etc. Of these all, Quraan (Recitation) is by far the most widely known name . 3. THE DEFINITION Very early pioneers of its Sciences devised a definition of the Quraan, derived from the Quraan itself. The definition can be worded differently but its essence is the same which is presented below: The Quraan is the Speech of God in Arabic, which He revealed to His Messenger Muhammad (PBUH) through the archangel Gabriel, in words and meaning, which has been preserved in musafs (books maintained by the Companions) and which is transmitted to us by tawatur (without any break and in large numbers), and is protected by God against any corruption and Is impossible to imitate by any one other than God. 4. THE SCIENCES OF THE QURAAN For those who want to know more about different aspects of the Quraan. A list of the various Sciences of the Quraan is given below: 1. Study of the Revelations (The Wahy). 2. Study of the Places of Revelation (Maqaam an-Nazool). . 3. Study of the Causes of the Revelation (Asbaab an-Nuzool). 4. Study of the Compilation of the Quraan (Jama al-Quraan). 5. Study of the Modes of Revelation (Ahruf al-Quraan). 6. Study of the Clear and Unclear Verses (Al-Muhkamaat wa al-Mutashaabihaat). 7. Study of the Abrogation in the Quraan (Naasikh and Mansukh verses). 8. Study of the ways and rules of Recitations of the Quraan (Al-Qiraaat). 9. Study of the Rules and conditions for Translating the Quraan. (Tarjamah). 10. Study of the Rules and conditions for Interpreting the Quraan (Tafseer and Taweel) 11. Study of the Miracles of/in the Quraan (Ijaaz al-Quraan). Each of the above Sciences is a fully developed field of study. One can undertake studies and further researches in any one of them.
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 1: Brief Information About the Quraa And Quraanic Verses
5. THE QURAANIC VERSES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION There are 6,666 verses in the Quraan which are contained in 114 Chapters of varying lengths. Any particular verse can be reached if its number, together with the number of the chapter containing it, is known. These are usually in the following conventional format: Chapter Number: Verse Number So, 19: 38 is the thirty-eighth verse of the 19th chapter of the Quraan. More technically, 19:38 is the location code for the thirty-eighth verse in Sura Maryam (chapter titled Marry) in the Quraan. The Quraanic Verses are classified in different ways by the scholars, but God puts them in two broad categories only, which are mentioned next. 6. THE MOHKAMAAT AND MUTASHABIHAAT According to Quraan itself, the Quraanic verses fall into two categories, the Mohkamaat (the firm and clear ones) and the Mutashabihaat (the allegorical or unclear ones). This is what God says about the two Categories and about the interpretations of the Mutashabihaat (the allegorical ones) in the Quraan: 3:7 It is He who has sent down this Book to you; in it are the Mohkamaat (verses established, of clear wording and meaning); they are the foundation of the Book; and, others are Mutashabihaat (allegorical, not of clear meaning). Those in whose hearts is perversity follow the parts thereof that are allegorical (not of established meaning) desiring discord in seeking their interpretations, but no one knows their (exact) interpretation except God; but those who possess sound knowledge say: We believe in it all, it is all from God; but none would remember except people who understand. It is clear from the above revelation that one should be of honest intent, good faith and extremely careful in presenting an interpretation of the Mutashabihaat. Then again, he/she must add at the end of his/her interpretation the words: GOD KNOWS BEST. 7. CLASSIFICATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS BOOK The author will discuss the verses that contain information about what modern sciences have now established, and were unknown at the time of the Quraanic revelations, with honest intention and in good faith. For this purpose he will classify and sub classify the Quraanic verses in three sections as under: 1. Part 1, Section1: The Wholly Explicit Verses and their sub groups with examples. 2. Part 1, Section 2: The Part Explicit and Part Implicit or the Mixed Verses with their examples. 3. Part 1, Section 3: The Wholly Implicit Verses, their elaboration and examples
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 1Section 1: The Explicit Verses
PART ONE: SECTION ONE THE EXPLICIT VERSES
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 1Section 1: The Explicit Verses
This class of verses comprises of the Mohkamaat only. These verses stand for what they say. No interpretations or rigorous explanations are needed to learn the messages contained in them. You can call them firm and clear verses of well established meaning, having one particular interpretation only. They carry instructions about, or commandments for different topics and/or fields of life. They can be related to any topic, but most essentially, they provide the foundations of the Islamic Jurisprudence, the Sharia. For the benefit of the layman, the author has divided them into seven representative sub-groups. An alphabetical list of the sub-groups, which is arbitrary and not exhaustive, is presented below: 1. Assertive, 2. Comparative, 3. Imperative, 4. Informative, 5. Instructive, 6. Legislative, 7. Narrative and so on. The author will now provide examples of these sub-groups of verses in two chapters. Chapter one will comprise of examples of the first four of the above seven sub-groups, while chapter two will contain examples of the last three. This will make it easy for the reader to make him/her familiar with the Quraanic verses. Only translations of verses will be given together with their references to determine their locations in The Quraan. The location codes/reference, to reiterate, will be in the following format: (Chapter number: sentence number/s) Thus (109:14) will mean the 14th verse of Chapter 109. Similarly, (48:3, 4, 5) will mean the 3rd, 4th, and 5th verses of the 48th Chapter; while (66:5-18) will mean verses 5 to 18 of the 66th Chapter. Note that the number of a verse in the Arabic text of the Quraan will be found at its completion, and not at its beginning. However, in the translation-only-volumes, verses are usually numbered before their translations start. The name of a particular Chapter may be found against its number in the list of chapters included at the start or end of a particular volume of The Quraan.
Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 2 : Examples of Explicit Verses Sub-Groups 1- 4
CHAPTER TWO EXAMPLES OF THE EXPLICIT VERSES-I SUB-GROUPS 1-4.

1. EXAMPLES OF ASSERTIVE VERSES
These are mainly of three types. (i) Those which start with a swearing by the name of a thing, factual entity or phenomenon highly established or obvious to mankind, (ii) Those which start with words like indeed, truly, surely, verily, of course, and the like, and (iii) those in which the stressing is achieved by the sheer degree and weight of the statement, as in the examples 7 and 8 below. Example 1: "Ya Sin. By the Quraan of Wisdom. Indeed you are of the Messengers, On a straight path, A Revelation of the Almighty, the All-Merciful. (36:1 to 5) In this example the Message has been stressed in two ways. Firstly, by taking an oath of the Quraan of Wisdom, secondly by beginning the actual Message by starting it with the word Indeed. Example 2: "By those who range themselves in ranks; And the restrainers restraining; And the reciter of remembrance; Indeed your God is one; The Lord of the heavens and the earth, and what is between them, and the Lord of the Orients." (37: 1 to 5). In this example, commensurate with the importance and nature of the Message revealed, there are three consecutive Oaths and the word Indeed has been used to begin the subject matter of the Message. Example 3: "By the Mount Tur," "And by a Scripture inscribed," "On a Tablet hewn," "And by the most visited House," "And by the Elevated Canopy (the sky)," "And by the sea kept filled," "Surely Your Lord's chastisement shall come to pass," "There is none that can avert it." (52: 1 to 8). This example is similar to the one above, but the stressing effect of the Message is magnified by four successive oaths, and starting the message with the word Surely as well as ending it by a forceful statement, Example 4: "I swear by the Time through the ages. Most surely human (kind) is in a Certain Loss. Except those who believe and do righteous deeds, and enjoin each other to follow the Truth, and enjoin each other to be content and steadfast. (Chapter 103). Although this is one of the three smallest (three sentenced) Surahs (chapters) of the Quraan, this is regarded as a very assertive Surah. This is because the swearing by the Times through the ages is a big swearing in itself, whose magnitude knows no bounds, as man has not succeeded in knowing for sure the beginning and the end points of Time. In addition, the use of the qualifying word certain before the noun
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loss is a unique style of conveying to the reader the stressing weight behind a statement in the Arabic Grammar. This style has no parallel in the English, or perhaps in any other language. More examples of some other verses and chapters belonging to the assertive group are the following: Example 5: "Most surely those who invent lies are those who do not believe in the Revelations of God, and they are, indeed, the liars." (16:108). Example 6: "Indeed We have given you Al -Kauthar (Heavenly Fountain of Abundance), So pray to your Lord and sacrifice to him, Surely he who hates you is the one cut off." (Chapter 108). Example 7: "Say: If the ocean were ink for (writing) the Words of my Lord, the ocean will be exhausted before the Words of my Lord would, even if we were to bring the like of it again for its aid." (18:109). In this example no oaths or stressing words have been used but the immense assertion infused into the Message is achieved by the sheer degree and weight generated by the force of the statement. Another such example is the one below: Example 8: "O people of earlier scriptures! Commit no excesses in your religion, nor say of God anything but the Truth, most surely the Messiah Jesus the son of Mary was (no more than) a Messenger of God, and His Word, which he bestowed on Mary, and a Spirit from Him. So believe in God and His Messengers, and do not say: "Trinity"; desist! It is better for you; most surely God is one God, Glory be to Him! High Exalted is He above having a son. What is in the heavens and the earth belongs to Him. And God suffices for disposing of affairs." (4: 171). 2. EXAMPLES OF COMPARATIVE VERSES In this group people, things, facts, good and bad qualities, passions and any other contrasting entities are compared to press home the message. Similitudes, metaphors, similes and other appropriate analogies are used for making the message abundantly clear to the reader. Following are some examples from this group : Example 1: "And the blind and the sighted are not equal. Nor are the darkness and light; nor are the shade and the hot sun; Not equal are the living and the dead, indeed God makes to hear whoever He pleases; but you cannot make those in their graves to hear. (35: 19 to 22). Example 2: "God has made a similitude, a man who is shared by many partners disagreeing with each other, and a man who belongs entirely to one master, are the two equal in similitude? Praise be to God! But most of them do not know." (39:29). Example 3: "Not equal are the inhabitants of the Fire and inhabitants of the Garden (of Bliss); the inhabitants of the Garden are the ones who (by far) are successful (ones)." (59:20). 3. EXAMPLES OF IMPERATIVE VERSES In this group of Verses Commandments that make actions, things, or beliefs mandatory or forbidden are contained. They, again, can be in any of the above formats. The author presents the following verses as representatives of this group:
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Example 1: "O you who believe! Fasting is mandated for you as it was mandated for those before you, that you may be pious." (2: 183). Example 2: "And establish prayer and give the alms and bow down with those who bow down." (2: 43). Example 3: "Establish Prayer from the declining of the sun until the darkening of the night, and recite Quraan at dawn; indeed the recital at dawn is witnessed;" (17: 78). And during a part of the night pray Tahajjud, this is an additional prayer for you, that your Lord may award you the chosen position. " (17:79). Example 4: "O those who believe! Most certainly intoxicants and gambling, and idol worship and fortune telling are abominations of Satan's handiwork, so shun them, so that you may prosper." (2: 90). Example 5: "Certainly what God has forbidden to you are dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which any name has been invoked other than the Name of God (while slaughtering), but whoever is forced by necessity, not out of insolence, nor with the intention of repeating it, then no sin is on him. Surely God is All-forgiving, Most Merciful." (2: 173). 4. EXAMPLES OF INFORMATIVE VERSES In this group of verses there can be direct information, or it can be provided in the form of an answer to a question posed at the start of the verse. Following are some examples: Example 1: "A, L, M. This is a Book wherein is no doubt, a guidance for the pious." (2: 1-2). Example 2: It is not befitting for the Majesty of God, that He should beget a son, Glory be to Him! When He decrees a matter, He only says to it: "Be!" and it is! (19:35). Example 3: "And when your Lord said to the angels: I will create a Khalifa (vicegerent) on earth, they said: 'Will you create therein one who will make mischief in it and shed blood, while we celebrate Your praise and extol Your Holiness?' He said 'I know what you know not'." (2:30). Example 4: "And how will you know what the night of Al-Qadr is? The Night of Al-Qadr is better than one thousand months. " (97:2, 3). In the above example, a question is posed at the start of the verse and the intended information is provided as its answer. Example 5: "Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the people of the Elephant? Did He not render their treacherous plan futile? And He let loose against them, a flight of birds which pelted them with stones of baked clay. Thus He made them like devoured dry leaves." (Chapter 105).
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EXAMPLE 6: Indeed, We are the One who brings the dead to life, and We record what they send forth and what they leave behind; and everything We have recorded in a Clear Book. (36: 12).
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Hapter 3 : Examples of Explicit Verses Sub Groups 5 - 7
CHAPTER 3 EXAMPLES OF THE EXPLICIT VERSES-II SUB-GROUPS 5-7

In this chapter the author will go on to present verses from the Quraan to provide examples of the last three sub-groups of the explicit verses: 5. EXAMPLES OF INSTRUCTIVE VERSES These verses mainly carry teachings and guidelines. They can be in the form a plain simple instruction or can carry a direct address format: Example 1. "And fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not transgress limits, surely God loves not the transgressors." (2: 190). Example 2: "And spend in the cause of God, and cast not yourselves by your own hands into destruction, but be doers of good and know that God is with the pious." (2:195). Example 3: "And God enjoins justice, and good deeds and generosity to near of kin, and he forbids indecency, abomination and tyranny. He admonishes that you may remember." (16:90). Example 4: "Say: 'I am only a mortal like you, it is revealed to me that your God is one God, so whoever seeks to meet his Lord, then let him do righteous deeds, and never associate any other entity whatsoever in worship with Him'." (18:110). Example 5: "O Prophet, when believing women come to you, taking oath of allegiance to you, that they will not associate anything with God, and they will not steal, nor commit adultery, and will not kill their children, nor utter slander, nor ascribe their children to other than their fathers, nor disobey you in what is good, accept their allegiance and ask God to forgive them, God indeed is Allforgiving, Most Merciful." (60:12). Example 6: Say He is God, the One and Only. The Eternal Cause of all beings. He begets not, nor was He begotten. And there is none comparable to Him. (Chapter 112). The above Chapter, titled as Chapter Ikhlaas(Sincerity of Faith), has been regarded as The Heart of Quraan by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him). He regarded this Chapter as equivalent to one third of the whole Quraan in value. This is why Muslims believe that if they recite this four-sentenced Chapter three times, they will (God Willing), earn an equivalent reward, which is earned by the recitation of the whole of the Quraan. Example 7: "O you who believe! Why do you say what you do not do? (61:2). Example 8: "O you who believe! Seek help through patience and prayer, for God is with those who are patient." (2: 153).
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Example 9: "O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Surely the most honourable of you in the sight of God is the most pious of you. Indeed God is All-knowing, All-Aware." (49: 13). 6. EXAMPLES OF LEGISLATIVE VERSES According to the Quraan, the only Authority that has the right to make laws and promulgate legislation is God. The law of an Islamic state, therefore, is based strictly on the injunctions revealed in the Quraan, and explained, interpreted and enforced by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). No clause or subclause of the Islamic Jurisprudence (The Sharia) can be against any Quraanic verse, or an authentic Tradition /Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him). In the Quraan, God revealed the punishments that the Islamic Society/State should mete out to those who commit specified crimes against the Society/State and/or against humanity in general. These punishments are harsh because they are designed to make the criminal an example for the rest of society. Consequently, wherever they were enforced, crime was eradicated from that society. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the only state presently that still has the system strictly enforcing the Quraanic jurisprudence. The author presents below some examples from the group of verses in the Quraan, that makes the basis of the Islamic legislation. EXAMPLE 1: (Theft) As for the thief, male or female, cut off their hand as a recompense for what they have earned, and an exemplary punishment from God, and God is Almighty, All-Wise. (5:38) But whoever repents after his/her iniquity and reforms him or herself, then surely God will relent towards him or her, surely God is All-Forgiving, All-Merciful. (5:39). EXAMPLE 2: (Adultery) And do not draw near adultery or fornication; surely it is an indecency and an evil that spreads evil. (17:32) The adulterer and the adulteress, scourge each of them with a hundred lashes, and let not pity for them detain you from the obedience of God if you believe in God and the Day of Judgment, and let a party of believers witness their punishment. (24:2). EXAMPLE 3: (Distribution of Charity) The righteousness is not that you turn your faces towards east or west, but the righteousness is to believe in God and the Day of Judgment, the Angels, the Books and the Prophets, and to give away from your cherished wealth to your kin, orphans, the needy, the wayfarer, those who ask, and for the ransom of the slave, and to establish prayer and alms-giving; and they who fulfill their covenant when they have engaged in a covenant, and endure with fortitude misfortune, hardship and peril, those who are true in their faith; those are the pious. (2:177). EXAMPLE 4: (Marriage and Divorce) And when you have divorced (your) women, and they fulfill the term prescribed, then do not prevent them marrying their husbands (former or any of choice) if they agree among them on
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equitable terms. This command is for all among you who believe in God and the Day of Judgment. It is most decent and pure for you and God knows and you know not. (2:231). EXAMPLE 5: (Executing a Will) (1) It is prescribed for you when death approaches any of you, and if he leaves behind possession, that he makes a bequest for the parents and the next of kin in a fair way, this is an obligation on the pious. (2:180). (2) And those of you, who leave wives behind, should make a will in favour of their wives to be provided for their maintenance for one year, and they should not be turned out of their homes. But if they leave their homes on their own accord, there is no blame on you for what they do for themselves in a lawful manner, and God is Almighty, All-Wise. (2:240). EXAMPLE 6: (Inheritance) To men a share of what parents and near of kin leave, and to women a share of what parents and near of kin leave, whether it be little or much, a determinate share. (4:7). God has ordained these shares in other verses of Chapter 4 and elsewhere. See below: God directs you as regards your childrens (inheritance); to the male a portion equal to that of two females; if only daughters, two or more, their share is two thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. For parents a sixth share of the inheritance to each if the deceased left children, if no children, and the parents are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased left brothers or sisters, the mother has a sixth. (The distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies and debts. Your fathers and your sons, you do not know which one of them is/are nearest to you in benefit. These are settled portions ordained by God; and God is All-Knowing, All-Wise. (4:11). EXAMPLE 7: (Orphans) And restore the orphans their property (when they reach their age) and do not substitute (your) worthless things for their good ones, and do not devour their property by mixing up with your own; surely this is a great sin. (4:2). 7. EXAMPLES OF NARRATIVE VERSES Narrative verses are the ones, which narrate long tales or events of ancient history. In most examples of this group of verses, the author will only give verse/s reference and the topic/s they narrate, instead of giving translations which could be read when a verse is located in the Quraan. Examples : (3:35 to 37) Birth and care of Virgin Mary, the mother of Christ. (3:38 to 41) Zachary's prayers and birth of John to his parents. (3:42 to 57)Conception of Virgin Mary, birth and status of Christ. (2: 248 to 251)Slaying of Goliath by David. (2: 49, 50)Drowning of Pharaoh's armies.
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There are many other examples from this group. Narration of detailed accounts of Adam and Eve, Noah's people and the Flood, Lot and his people, Abraham and Nimrod, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Jonah and the fish, Elijah, Job, David, Solomon and Queen Sheba, People of the Cave, Moses and Aaron, Jesus Christ, Qaarun and his wealth, Zul Qarnain, Gog and Magog etc,. Besides, there are whole Narrative Chapters named after The Family of Imran, Children of Israel, Jonah, Noah, Joseph, Abraham, The Romans, Sheba, Luqmaan, Mohammad, and the Quraish.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 1 Section 2 L The Mixed Verses
PART ONE: SECTION TWO PARTLY EXPLICIT AND PARTLY IMPLICIT OR THE MIXED VERSES
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 1 Section 2 L The Mixed Verses
This group of Quraanic verses is made up of partly Mohkamaat and partly Mutashabihaat. The author has conveniently called them partly explicit and partly implicit or The Mixed Verses. These verses are the ones in which something is said which is plain enough to understand, but mixed with it is/are some other thing(s) which require a bit of explanation, before the full extent of the underlying information/message is grasped. In these verses any topics may be mixed that call for a little pondering. It is this group that most of the Quraanic verses belong to. The author, however, will restrict himself to the scientific information mixed in an otherwise plain looking verse. The scientific information will be found in complete conformation of the classical and/or modern findings of established sciences. Conversely, the scientific findings will be shown to conform to what the verses reveal. CHAPTERS WITH EXAMPLES OF MIXED VERSES RELEVANT TO MODERN SCIENCE: Keeping the scope of this book in mind, only those verses from this group will be selected and discussed as representative examples, parts of which will have a message or messages concerning any field of modern science. For this purpose, the author will first take a field or fields of modern science as the chapter heading, and then quote the relevant verses (English translations only), followed by brief discussions, wherever necessary, for the readers benefit. From the realm of Modern Sciences, the author will discuss verses relevant to the developments/findings in the following: Agriculture and Farming Astronomy, Astrology and Cosmology Botany and Horticulture Chemistry Computer Science Embryology and Human Biology Geography, Geology and Meteorology Mathematics Medicine Physics Psychology Zoology As should have been noted from the above list, the author, for his discussions will group related sciences together. There will, however, be independent chapters on Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics, Psychology and Zoology, and some, like physics, will have more chapters than one.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 4 : Agriculture And Farming
CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURE AND FARMING

The author now presents and discusses examples from the Mixed Verses group that have explicit or implicit parts related to the field of Agriculture and Farming: 2:164 "Surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth, in the disparity of night and day1, in the ships that course in the sea with that which benefits people, in the water that God sends down from the sky, reviving with it the earth which was barren2, in his spreading all kinds of living things3, in the changing of the winds and subjected clouds between the sky and the earth4, indeed are signs for people who have understanding." The routine of day changing into night and night into day all the year round, not only provides the necessary temperature conditions and right climatic environment for the growth of crops of all types, but also the required conditions for their respiratory habits. This is a fact established from very olden times that water irrigation and fertile lands are the two paramount requirements for good and successful agriculture and/or horticultural development. This part of the verse tells the people who have understanding that God provides both of these for man very generously. Inspired by such verses of the Quraan, early Muslims had developed a wheel and pinion system to tap the energy that lay hidden in water, as well as using water for irrigation purposes, and were far advanced in crop cultivation. The phrase all kinds of living things includes animals and plants, and as a result of God's generosity described in 2 above these living things spread in abundance to fill the earth, thus giving rise to the science of agriculture and horticulture as well as all types of animal farming. The winds and the clouds that float between the heavens and the earth are also two essential ingredients for successful agriculture, horticulture and farming, and in the provisions of these by God are signs for those who reflect and understand as to Who all this is from and how Mighty He must be! 6:99 " God is the one who sent down water from the sky1, Therewith We produce vegetation of all kinds2, and from some We produce Green (crops) out of which We produce grains3 heaped up (at harvest); and from the palm-tree its sheaths with bunches of dates (hanging) low and near, (and also) the gardens of grapes, olives and pomegranates, similar (in kind) and yet different4 (in variety). Look at their fruit, when they bear it, and their ripening5. Surely in that there are signs for people who believe." 1,2. This is the same message as in verse 2:164 pointing towards the water cycle that results in rainfall from the heights. But this time the underlying stress is on the fact that although the rain water is the same, yet it causes such a variety of things to grow. The idea of 'heaped up' grain was not very common in Arabia of the sixth century after Christ, simply because the land was barren and unsuitable for agriculture, so it indeed was a revelation to them. A number of plants/fruit/trees are mentioned by name most of which were not found in Arabia at that time. This revelation infused a spirit of experimentation and finding out in the believers in particular, and all mankind in general. Particularly, the idea of the same water being the cause of the growth of different plants and fruits, as well as different kinds of the same species, had great inspiration for pondering over and reflecting in the minds of the believers, and as a result they made great strides in this field of research. The stages of the trees bringing out flowers, bearing their fruits and the ripening of those fruits were great spectacles and were also sure signs in themselves (of the presence and works of God) and were research instigating. A similar message about the diversity of agricultural produce and crop outputs, and an implicit invitation to do research and cultivate horticultural science, is contained in the following verse in which God issues relevant injunctions for the believers.
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6:141 " It is He who produces gardens with trellises and without, and palm-trees and crops diverse for eating, and the olives and pomegranates, each similar in kind, and yet different in variety. Eat of their fruit when they bear fruit, and pay due alms thereof on the day of harvest, and do not be the ones who waste, surely God loves not the wasters." 7:58 "And the good land yields rich produce by the permission of its Lord, and a bad one yields nothing but that which is niggardly1. Thus do We expound the signs for people who are thankful." 1. This part of this verse is an outstanding example of instigation into research for the fertilizer industry in particular, and agricultural - horticultural sciences in general.
13:3 " God is the one Who spread out (the surface area) of the earth and set therein firm mountains and rivers1, and of all fruit God placed two of a pair2. He covers the day with the night, surely in this there are signs for those who reflect." 2. Another source of land irrigation provided by God for lands that get less rain through the year. This part of this verse is undoubtedly the most compelling inspiration for researches in Botany. 'Two of a pair' clearly indicates two sexes in plants and fruits, and a pointer to find out about their reproduction and multiplication, breeding and cross-breeding of species for those who do reflect, that is, like to find out. There is also a direct revelation also about the sexes of plants that will be presented and discussed in the chapter on Botany. 14:32 "God is the one who created heavens and the earth, and sent down water from the skies, wherewith He brought forth fruits for your sustenance. God has made the ships subject to you, so that they sail upon the seas at His command, and He subjected to you the rivers1." After indicating that all agriculture related produce is for man's sustenance, this part opens up the door for the exploration of seas and rivers for developing fish farming and the sea-food industry. 15:19 "And the earth, We spread it forth, and cast upon it firm mountains, and we caused all kinds of things to grow therein in due balance.1" 1. The phrase all kinds of things' indicates the growth of wild plantations that man does not cultivate. While the phrase 'in due balance' points out that in spite of all researches and developments by man, God reserves the power of granting abundance or shortage of produce as He deems necessary to maintain a balance on the earth. 16:5 - 8 "God created cattle for you (and) in them warmth, benefit as well as from them you eat1." "And in them there is beauty for you when you bring them home and when you take them to pasture2." "They bear your heavy loads to lands you could not reach, except with great personal effort3. Surely your Lord is Most Compassionate, Most Merciful." "God created horses, mules and donkeys for you to ride and for ornament. And He will create what you do not know4." This is a clear pointer towards the development of wool, leather, milk, meat and other cattle related industries. 2. Apart from anything else, raising cattle, taking them to pasture in valleys full of natural beauty and bringing them back home is a very pleasurable and satifying business. 3. Cattle can also be used for Transport and Travel, as well as communication. They transfer your loads and messages to places not easily accessible to you. This verse not only opens the door for the development of these additional industries but also invites people to reflect how Compassionate and Merciful is The One Who provides all these favours abundantly and cost free. 1.
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4. After naming just three of the animals used for load and message carrying and riding, man is left to ponder for others, but this part of the verse suggests implicitly to the researcher to forget about inventing new things and just do the job of discovering what God creates for him, simply because His creation may (also) include what they do not yet know. 16:10,11 "God is the One who sends water from the sky, for you this is a drink1, and out of it grows shrubs in which you let cattle graze freely2." "And therewith for you He makes sown fields, olives and palm-trees, vineyards and of all kinds of fruits grow3. Surely in this is a sign for people who reflect." Apart from its use in irrigation, people who reflect are reminded of other benefits of water, for example, it is life sustaining drink for you and your cattle (and plants). 2. Another department of farming (fruit based industries) is mentioned in this part. Benefiting from the generosity of God in this field, those people, from any creed or belief, who reflect and ponder must do research on and develop. 3. Those who reflect are reminded that there can be unlimited kinds of crops, plants and fruit. So there is an implicit instigation to discover and develop them. Another verse that implicitly refers to irrigation and fertilizers is the following: . 16:65"God is the One Who sends down water out of the skies, and revives the earth thereby after it is barren. Surely in this is a sign for people who listen." 16:66 And surely in the cattle there is a lesson for you, We give you to drink from what is inside their bodies1, coming from a conjunction between the contents of the intestine and the blood2, a milk pure and pleasant for those who drink it.3" 1. 2. Man perhaps still does not fully realize that the actual and original milk factories are situated inside the bodies of some of his cattle. He is reminded of this in this part of this verse. This is a most remarkable information to the scientist in that the actual location and the possible formation spot of the original components of milk have been indicated. Yet, the poor scientist does not appear to be able to do much about creating pure and pleasant milk from outside the cattles bellies. Those who drink milk and find it pure and pleasant must reflect on the fact that it does not come from a pure and clean location or components. Can they achieve this marvelous feat? If not, they should acknowledge and thank The One Who does it for them. 1.
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16:67 And from the fruit of the palms and the vines. You obtain from them intoxicants and a goodly provision1. Most surely there is a sign in this for people who understand." 1. A clear pointer to yet another lucrative industry of brewery and other goodly provisions like vinegar, pickles and chutneys etc. 16:68, 69 "And your Lord inspired the bees. 'Take your dwelling in the hills, in trees and in (men's) habitation1;" " Eat of all fruit, and follow the path of your Lord in humility2.' From within their bodies comes a liquor of different colours wherein is a remedy for mankind3. Surely, in this is a sign for people who reflect." 1. God has the power to inspire and indeed speak directly to any His creatures as He can to man. He commands the bee to take his dwelling away from ordinary human dwelling places, yet remain within easy reach of them. God commands the bee to eat from the fruit he has created, and then follow the path inspired by God (for the purpose of pollination and subsequent fertilization of plants) and remain humble.
2.
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3.
God tells of the source of Honey, describing it as a liquor of different colours. The various natural colours in which honey comes were not known to the first recipients of The Quraan at that point in time. God also told them that the honey has benefits for them pointing clearly towards the development of bee-farming. Indeed the Messenger of God, in his own Sermons and Traditions preached at length the numerous benefits of honey, and he practiced the use of honey as a remedy for various health conditions.
20:132 "And enjoin on your family to pray, and be constant in it, We ask you not for provision, but We provide for you1. And the hereafter is for piety." God here clearly tells that He does not want any payment from man for His Benefactions. These are free of any cost and without asking, except that He wants man to understand beyond any shadow of doubt that only He is the Sole Provider and, therefore, to be thankful and offer prayers (worship) to Him alone and make preparations for the Hereafter which is a rewarding place for the pious only. Another verse stressing the provision of water for making the earth fertile, but this time putting it in the form of a question to man as to whether he does not observe the earth going green after the down-pour, is the following: 22:63 "Have you not seen how God sends down water from the skies, and the earth becomes green? God is the Gentle, the Aware;" 23:18 "And We have sent down water from the sky, according to due measure1, and lodged it in the ground2, and We certainly are able to withdraw it3." 1. This part of this small verse presses home three important implied points. First, that only that much water is provided which is needed for a particular situation, secondly, God is Almighty and He alone reserves the right of providing as much water to any part of the world as He deems fit, and thirdly more water than necessary can be pernicious rather than beneficial. 2. This part clearly points toward rivers, natural lakes, wells, over and underground streams and water present in other forms within the structures of the earth and rocks, as well as towards the development of artificial, man made reservoirs like the lakes at dam sites .3. This part in conjunction with the previous one, explains, at least to the pondering and reflecting one, the shortages of water and droughts in different parts of the world over different points in time. Another verse which says why provisions for the human race are quantified by God is the one that follows: 42:27 " And if God were to enlarge His provision to His servants, they would become insolent on the earth, but He sends down in due measure whatever He pleases, surely He is the All-Aware, All-Seeing over His servants." The following verse points towards the development of yet another rich industry from Botanical growth, namely the Oil industry: 23: 20 "And a tree issuing from the Mount of Sinai which produces oil and condiment, for those who eat it." The following verse is a complete account, from the beginning to the end of a harvest, indicating at the same time that Botanical growths can be of different colours (and flavours): 39: 21 "Have you not seen how God sent down water from the sky, and led it through sources into the ground? Then He causes sown fields of different colours to grow. Then they wither, and you see them grow yellow, then He reduces them to broken chaff? Surely in this a reminder for those possessed of minds." 55:12 "And grain with husk and aromatic herbs." 1.
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This small verse points to the potential development of herbal treatments, particularly the Aroma Therapy. Just to indicate what bulk of the Quraan is filled with scientific information and pointers to research and development, the reader can find similar messages in the science of Agriculture, botanical and zoological farming and related trades and industries, the interested reader may refer to the following additional verses: 23:19, 21 & 22; 25: 48, 49; 26:7,147&148; 29:63; 30: 50, 51; 31:10; 32:27; 36:33,34,35,71,72&73; 42:12; 43:11,12; 45:5; 50:9,10&11; 55:11; 57:17; 71:12; 78:13,14,15&16; 80:24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31&32; 86: 11, 12; and 87:4,5.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 5: Astronomy, Astrology and Cosmology
CHAPTER 5 ASTRONOMY, ASTROLOGY AND COSMOLOGY

The Quraan is already well known for its divine revelations about these sciences. Many learned authors have written about the contents of The Quraan concerning Astronomy, Cosmology and Extra Terrestrial objects and their movements. They have used their pens to present the marvels of the Holy Book, revealed by God some fifteen hundred years ago, to an Apostle of His who did not know how to read or write, and the information revealed was non existent at that time. Indeed, these fields of sciences were fully recognised, researched and developed centuries after the revelations of the Quraan. However, with utmost and heart-felt respect to these exponents of truth, and in acknowledgement of their knowledge and works, the author feels that justice is done to only a small cross-section of these revelations. Many men think that there are only a few verses in the Quraan regarding Astronomy and Cosmology. The author will try to show that not only an enormous bulk of the Holy Book comprises of such revelations, but many of these are clear pointers towards natural phenomena explainable by highly advanced Mathematics and Physics. It is true to say that the Quraan brought a very assertive divine call for mankind to learn and research on all the natural phenomena before them, and thus started a revolution in the ways of learning and discovering the unknown realm of Nature, as well as discovering the principles and laws according to which Nature was running its course. The author will endeavour to establish that there is a far greater number of Quraanic Verses that are not only in conformation with the advanced and sophisticated scientific findings to date, but point towards more research to be done and make more findings and advances in the realm of these sciences. Muslims of the early and medieval Islamic centuries took inspiration from the Quraanic call and the pointers and clues revealed in it to undertake scientific research and to make amazing advances in all sectors of science. Consequently, the Arabs and Muslims of those centuries produced some big names whose contributions became a beacon for later scientists. The format of the last chapter will be retained in this and subsequent chapters for analyzing the verses under discussion: 6:97 "God is the One Who has set out for you the stars1, that you may guide yourselves by them through the darkness of the land and of the sea2, We have detailed the Signs for the people who have knowledge." 1. In Astronomy, a star is a very big shining extra terrestrial object. Most stars are so distant from us that they appear only as tiny twinkling bright points, and a layman might wonder about their real illuminating power. The nearest star to us is the Sun whose illuminating power we are all very familiar with. In this part of the quoted verse, God reveals that He has set all the stars that there are for mans benefit, and has indicated one of those benefits as navigating their routes on land and on the sea. No wonder some of the Muslim scientists and researchers made most remarkable advances, and contributed so much in the fields of land and sea navigation, as well as calculating the movements of stars. This was because this part of this verse inspires its reader to do so. In addition to performing astonishing Astronomical feats they developed the science of Astrology, and termed it as ' Ilm ul - Najoom ', which means the 'Science of the Stars.' The famous poet Omar Khayyam was one of those celebrated scientists and mathematicians.
2.
10:5 "God is the One Who made the sun a shining glory and the moon a light1, and for her ordained phases, so that you might know the number of years and the reckoning (of time)2. God created this in Truth3. He explains the Signs in detail for people who know." 1. The term ' shining glory' used for the sun, and only 'light' for the moon represents a big difference for the scientist, indicating implicitly that the sun is a self luminous primary source of illumination, while the moon is only a recipient and onward conveyer of light (by reflecting it on
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2.
3.
to the earth), and hence a secondary source of light This information stands now as an established fact of Physics. The moon is regarded as female in Arabic, in fact all extra terrestrial bodies are. This part of the verse clearly tells about the phases of the moon and their benefits. That is why the Muslims use the phases of the moon to reckon their time and have a very elaborate lunar calendar system. Further investigations of the lunar phases have led to the establishment of its effects on the seasons round the year and on the sea tides. This Quraanic information was confirmed centuries later by the scientists, and is now an established part of science. The term used created in truth may mean just truth and rightfulness to the layman, but for the scientist it will mean a purposeful creation based on, and explainable by the most sound and proven laws of Mathematics and Physics as known to them today.
10:10 "Their prayer therein: 'Glory be to you O God! All praise be to God the lord of the Worlds1." 1. This clearly indicates that there are other worlds to be explored, but whatever the number and nature of the other worlds explored; God is their Sole Creator and the Lord. Actually the first sentence of the first chapter of the Quraan, that is now available edited in the form of a Book, has this very revelation. Muslim scientists researches and their subsequent wonderful achievements and contributions are due to the inspiration of such revelations and the call in the Quraan, to explore and verify them.
15:16 "And it is We Who divided the heavens into constellations and made them fair seeming to the onlookers1." 1. Later developments in Astronomy included the discovery of these constellations which now carry their specific names. The constellations with the first sky serving as the background, indeed present a very beautiful and eye-catching scene to the onlookers. 16:12 "For you God subjected the night and day, and the sun and the moon1, and the stars are in subjection to His command2. Surely in this are Signs for people who understand." 1. The solar system is in our own galaxy, so every extra terrestrial body in it is subjected to serve us. And so do the alternations of the days and nights. 2. All the stars, however, are not in our galaxy. They also belong to millions of other galaxies discovered by astronomers, situated millions and trillions of light years away from us, (a light year is the distance that light energy travels in one year at the speed of 186,000 miles or 300,000 kilometers per second!). All those stars are subject to God's Will and Command, that is, laws and purposes set by Him that may or may not be discovered by man. Another verse saying that mankind can use the stars for their (navigational) guidance is the following one: 16:16 "God sets upon the earth landmarks and by the stars (mankind) guide themselves." 18:17 "And you would have seen the sun, when it rose, including to the right of their cave, and when it set, turning away from them on the left1, while they lay in the spaciousness of the cave. This was one of God's Signs, whoever God guides, he is guided alright, and whoever He leaves astray, you will not find for him a helper to direct him." 1. This part of this verse clearly declares the motion of the sun as obeying the Will of God. The sunlight always deflecting to the right or left of the People of the Cave was in total coformity with Gods Will Who was protecting them from their persecutors. The fact that the sun rose and set in the direction from their right to their left and vice versa, but not at the same time, rising or setting in front and behind them kept them undetected for as long as they remained in their cave. This to the scientist must imply that although the motion of the sun is cyclic, the cycles are always repeated in the same directional order, explaining to the layman why the sun always rises from the east and sets in the west.
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35:13 "God merges the night into the day and merges the day into the night1 and He has subjected the sun and the moon2 each one runs its course to an appointed term3 This is God, your Lord, to Him is the Dominion, and those you invoke other than Him, possess nothing in the least." 1. Merging the day in the night and the night in the day clearly invites the imagination that each in turn approaches the other and takes its place in a cycle of time that goes on and on. Since the Quraan says, elsewhere at a number of places that the sun, the stars, the moon and indeed all the extra terrestrial bodies are subjected to motion within their prescribed and appointed courses (routes and orbits), and since the earth receives its day- light from the sun, it should not have been too difficult for the thinkers of those times to relate the day-night cycle to some kind of relative motion of the sun and the earth. Indeed, this line of thinking which the Holy Quraan of fifteen hundred years ago revealed was perused by Muslim thinkers of old as well as non Muslim thinkers and a whole science based on sound mathematical principles stands fully developed now. 2. As mentioned above, The Quraan says in many places that actually all extra terrestrial bodies are subjected to well defined motion. However in this part of the verse, only our solar system is the object of information. 3. The information that each one runs its course to an appointed term clearly points at the routes and orbits in which the motion is to be carried out as well as the cyclic period, which is the time taken by an object subject to a cyclic motion to complete one full cycle. This, although declared fifteen hundred years ago, today makes the basis of all Simple Harmonic Motion (periodic motion) whether executed by a body as large as the sun in space, or a body as small as the electron inside an atom. The mathematics and Physics of such orbits and periods have only been discovered and developed in the recent past. Three more points implied in this part of this verse are noteworthy. Firstly, that these objects and their highly disciplined motions could not and have not come about accidentally. God has created and ordained them. Secondly, the courses of the motions of these objects have been appointed by the Creator with all the mathematics and physics involved with such an absolute degree of perfection that none of these objects will ever collide with any other (despite some scientists' fears to the contrary). Thirdly, all these objects and their motions have been granted a fixed term of life (by their Creator and Launcher) with which idea almost all scientists seem to agree. Clear and foolproof statements endorsing the above notes are found in the following verses: 36:37, 38, 39, 40 " And a Sign for them (human beings) is the night, We strip the day from it and they are in darkness; "The sun runs its course in a pre-settled place. This is the decree of The All-Mighty, The AllKnowing;" And for the moon We have appointed phases. Until she returns like an old sickle;" "The sun must not catch up with the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. Each one is traveling in an orbit of its own motion." 39:5 "God has created the heavens and the earth in Truth1, He coils the night upon the day, and He coils the day upon the night2, God subjected the sun and the moon, each one runs its course to an appointed term3. Indeed He is the All-Mighty, The All-Forgiving." 1. As mentioned elsewhere, in Truth in scientific thinking means purposeful and based on sound mathematical and physical laws. 2. The use of the verb that translates to 'coils' clearly implies that the night-day cycle is a result of some kind of mutually revolutionary movement of the source of light (the sun) and its recipient (the earth). 3. Yet another style is adopted to press home the actual state of affairs endorsing the contents of the notes above.
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41:12 "Then He ordained them seven heavens in two periods of time, and He assigned to each heaven its mandate by Revelation. And we adorned the lower heaven with luminaries and provided it a guard1. Such is the decree of The All-Mighty, The All-Knowing." 1. This verse is actually a continuation of a verse telling about Creation and will be discussed in length when Creation is discussed. However, only this part of it is related to the subject under discussion in this chapter. In astronomical and cosmological terms luminaries refer to stars with the first sky in the background and the term guard refers to the enormous binding forces that allow them to execute their motion but do not allow the disruption of their positional coordinates. In simpler words, do not let them fall in or scatter away. 45:13 "For you God subjected all that is in the heavens and on the earth, all from Him1. Surely in this are Signs for those who reflect." 1. This implies that all matter and energy and all heavenly bodies are subjected to serve humanity. Hence the abuse of science for the destruction of the human race, for example, the development and use of nuclear and neutron bombs are clear acts of violation of the Benefaction of God. 53:1 "By the star when it falls down1;" 1. This is one of those verses with which you have already come across in the explicit verses group, in which God takes the oath of some established fact to press home a message, and here the subject of this oath is an established fact of astronomy. There is clear information here that a star can fall. This may also be taken as a divine endorsement of those stars that fall (collapse on themselves to become supernovas). It should be kept in mind, however, that these supernovas have only recently been discovered. 53:49 "And that He is the one Who is The Lord of Sirius 1(a star);" 1. Here a star has been mentioned by its name fifteen hundred years ago, when the idea of developed astronomy was non-existent. Scientists started charting the stars by their names (in most cases only by assigned code names) centuries later. This establishes that the science of Astronomy (and indeed all other sciences) are from God and the fact is undoubtedly what this verse proclaims. This also establishes that the Quraan is a Book of Revelations from God. 55:35 "There will be sent upon you a flame of fire, and molten brass1, and you shall not be helped;" 1. This is a continuation verse, and is a direct address to jinn-folk and men-folk, who would make attempts to penetrate the heavens on their own, that is, without an authority granted by God. The underlined part clearly points towards shooting stars and meteorites and even to their solid and metallic ingredients. A similar verse is the following: 67:5 "And We have adorned the lower heaven with stars and made them projectiles to drive away the Satans, and We have prepared for them the chastisement of burning." An idea of astronomical and cosmic worlds time scales is contained in the following two verses: 70:4 To Him ascend the angles and the spirit in a period of time (yaum), whereof the measure is fifty thousand years." 70:5, 6 "They see the Day (of Judgement) as far;" "But We see it near." 71:16 "And made the moon a light therein and made the sun a lamp."
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Once again this verse establishes the relationship of the sun and the moon, and this time rather less implicitly. By calling the sun a lamp and the moon a light, it has been made clear that the sun is a primary source of light, while the moon is only a secondary source that gets illuminated due to the light of the sun falling on it. Another couple of verses that describe the jinn-folks attempt to rise to the heavens are the following, in which the jinns own version of events is described: 72:8, 9 "And we peered into the sky, but we found it filled with stern guards and flaming stars;" "And we used to sit in places therein to listen, but one who listens now finds a flame lying in wait for him;" After having seen the underlying science of day and night, heavens and heavenly bodies, the following verses press home the message that science is for daily life: 78:6 to 13 "Have We not made the earth an expanse?;" "And the mountains stakes?" "and We created you in pairs;" "And made your sleep for rest;" "And We made the night as a mantle;" "And made the day for a livelihood;" "And We have built upon you seven strong (heavens);" "And placed therein a blazing lamp." The Quraan mentions a term appointed in a great many verses. Here is just a sample of verses that indicate what will happen to the extra terrestrial bodies when the appointed term draws to a close: 81:1, 2 "when the sun shall be rolled up;" "And the stars fall and lose their light;" 82:1, 2 "when the sky is cleft asunder;" "and when the stars are scattered;" The following two verses describe the great mathematical manoeuvres of stars in a few words: 81:15, 16 "So I need not swear by the turning stars;" "That move swiftly1, and hide themselves away;" 1. It should be mentioned here that to the ordinary human eye the stars do not appear to be moving, or at least doing so swiftly, but according to scientific measurements they are found to be moving (within their prescribed orbits) at great speeds. Thus modern science has endorsed what was revealed in the Quraan so many centuries ago. In the following verse God swears by the sky of the constellations: 85:1 "By the sky of the constellations1;" 1. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, scientists have now named all the constellations. Exponents of Astrology, Clairvoyance, Palmistry and other allied sciences, make frequent use of these names. The twelve Zodiacal signs of a Horoscope are an examples. And in the following verses He swears by a meteorite: 86:1, 2, 3 "By the sky and the Night-Visitor!"
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"And who will tell you what the Night-Visitor is?" "It is the star of the piercing brightness!" For the more interested readers, the following verses are also clearly connected to the subject of this chapter; and it should be noted that this is by no means an exhaustive list! 72:10; 77:25; 79:28,29; 81:3,6,17,18; 84:16,18; 91:1 to 6; and, 93:1,2.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 6: Botany and Horticulture
CHAPTER 6 BOTANY AND HORTICULTURE

In the chapter on Agriculture and Farming, verse 13:3 was discussed in which part of it said: Of all fruits We have placed (on earth) two of a pair. It was discussed that this implicitly pointed to two sexes of every fruit (and hence, broadly of every other Botanical growth). This was God's Revelation some fifteen centuries ago to an Apostle of His who was not literate and neither were the majority of his people at that time. Only in the past few centuries have scientists not only discovered this fact but developed a whole science of plant life studies, known as Botany. In this chapter the author's aim is to show the reader that there are a lot more verses in the Holy Quraan revealing that plants have life, and male and female sexes. Again, in the same chapter, part of verse 16:69 was discussed which said that God inspired the bee to 'eat of all fruit'. In doing so the bee goes from flower to flower as well, and thus according to the Botanist the bee helps pollinate the plants, in that it picks pollen from the male flower and carries it to the female one. The author now presents and discusses more Quraanic verses relevant to the sciences of Botany and Horticulture: 3:137 "Many were the ways of life that passed before you; travel through the earth and see what was the end of those who rejected Truth1." 1. This verse is usually regarded as inspiring man to travel on the earth and study the various ways of life lived by mankind (and other creatures), and then see what the end of those people who rejected the Truth was. But to the scientist and to the reader of the Quraan who ponders and reflects, this verse holds an implicit inspiration to appreciate and study all kinds of life all over the earth and sees the end of those who rejected the Truth.
6:95 "Surely God causes the seed grain and the fruit-stone to split and sprout1, He causes the living to issue from the dead, and He is the one to cause the dead to issue from the living2. That is God, then how are you deluded away from the truth?" 1,2. These two parts of this verse not only establish the Power of God, but shed light on the whole life cycle of Botanical (as well as Zoological) species. In the Botanical species, seeds and fruit-stones are regarded as dormant entities, that is, not actively alive but having the potentiality of producing life when they are provided with the required conditions and environment for doing so. While in Zoological species, the substance of the sperm and the eggs are the dormant entities capable of producing life when the requisite conditions are met. But the dormant materials in most cases are contained inside a hard shell (for example the outer container walls of the seed-stones and eggs). The material of these hard shells is not dormant. For example, if the outer hard covering of the stone inside a mango fruit or the outer covering of a chicken egg are emptied of the material inside them, they are thrown away as inanimate objects and are 'dead' in scientific terminology. Now, as new life comes out from inside these shells when they split open, after meeting reproduction circumstances i.e., sowing the seed and watering it, or fertilization of a female egg with a male sperm, and completion of their necessary pregnancy or incubation periods, the durations of which are fixed by God, these two parts of the above verse are in complete conformity with science as it was revealed to prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) that God is the One who brings forth the 'living' from the 'dead', and vice versa. The new life in turn, later produces the seeds for its regeneration, and thus the cycle of life goes on and on. Following is a verse, the underlined part of which again stresses the life cycle in the format of a question: 10:31 "Say: 'Who provides you (sustenance) from the sky and from the earth?' Or who is it that has power over Hearing and Sight? And who is it that brings out the living from the dead and the dead from the living? And who is it that rules and regulates the affairs? They will soon say, 'God'. Say (then): 'Will you not then show piety (to Him)?"
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13:4 "On the earth are adjacent parts, vineyards, sown fields, palm trees, similar and dissimilar, watered with the same water. We make some of them more excellent than others to eat1. And surely in these are signs for those who understand. 1. This verse was the subject of discussion under Agriculture and Farming. The author cites it here again because it points out how neighbouring pieces or plots of land are used for Horticultural gardens and for fruit industry. 15:22 "And We send fecundating winds1, then cause the rain to descend2 from the sky thereby providing you with water (in abundance), though you are not the guardians of its stores3." 1. In a Botanist's list of the methods of pollination of plants, winds, insects, moths, flies and birds are found as agents of pollination and subsequent reproduction and multiplication of plant life. This part of the verse cites the wind as one. The Arabic word that is used as an adjective with wind here actually means that which impregnates or fecundates the female date-palm by putting the pollen of the male tree to the ovaries of the female tree. In any textbook of Botany you will find one of the methods of pollination as the winds carrying the pollen from the male plant to the female plant, thus upholding by scientific research what was revealed by God to His apostle Muhammad (PBUH) when such Botanical knowledge was not even conceivable. We have already come across the verses (16:68, 69) that indicated the bee as an agent of pollination, as according to the Botanist, all insects, flies and birds that go from tree to tree and plant to plant eating fruits and sucking nectar from the flowers are pollinating agents. 2. After pollination, the immediate need of the impregnated plant is water, which is promptly provided by God in the form of rain. 3. Man can store water in reservoirs, lakes, water-heads etc, but he has no control over the original source of water which is in the Hands of God alone. 22:5"O mankind! If you have a doubt about the Resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest our power to you; and we cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term. Then do We bring you out as babes, then (foster you) that you may reach your age of full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some of you are sent back to the feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known (much). And (further), you see the earth barren and lifeless, but then We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and puts forth every kind of beautiful growth in pairs1." 1. The major part of the verse not underlined belongs to Human Biology and will be discussed there. In this part of the verse a graphical statement of Botanical and Horticultural growth is given, reminding again that all growth is in pairs, that is, each species has its males and females. 35:27 "Do you not see that God sends down rain from the sky? With it We then bring out produce of various colours1, and in the mountains are tracts white and red, of various shades of colour, and jet-black2." 1. This is a pointer to the cultivation of colourful Horticultural Gardens. 2. This part points toward the plants and bushes of various shades of colours on hillsides and mountain tops. 36:36 "Glory to God, who created in pairs1 all things that the earth produces, as well as their own (human) kind2, and things of which they have no knowledge3." 1. We have come across this information before in some previous verses that God has created all Botanical and Zoological species in pairs. This verse extends the domain of this information further. 2. 'All things that the earth produces points to Botanical and Zoological species as discussed already. This part of this verse extends the domain of the 'creation in pairs' information indefinitely.
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2.
And things of which they have no knowledge." means, to be brief, that the information implies that all kinds of things have been created in pairs. Well, as God commands man to ponder, reflect and learn, many things that were not known at the time of this revelation are now known to mankind as existing in pairs, and the information revealed fifteen centuries ago has been found invariably true and scientifically proved to the letter. Considering the scope of this book the author will enumerate but a few things and entities that science has also discovered existing in pairs:
Magnetic and non magnetic ores and stones, magnetisable and non magnetisable iron, The opposite polarity for every magnetic substance (called North and South poles), static and current electricity, positive and negative charges and currents of electricity, electrons and positrons, positive and negative (stationary and moving) holes in Solid State Physics, temperature (high and low), sound(audible and supersonic, light (brightness and darkness), forces (action and reaction, for example centripetal and centrifugal forces, pulls and pushes, attraction and repulsion), geographical entities (day and night, north and south poles, heights and depths), speeds (constant and variable), moments (clockwise and anti clockwise) and apparatus (constructive and destructive) and so on. The list could go on to fill all the pages available for this book. But with the aim of the book in mind, it will suffice to show that the Quraanic revelations of fifteen hundred years ago are in total conformity with the findings of sciences as they stand established and recognised worldwide today. 37:146 "And We caused to grow, over him, a spreading plant of the Gourd kind1." 1. Spreading plant of the Gourd kind or marrow plant has been mentioned here. Such plants grow and are popularly cultivated by men and are frequently seen in Botanical and Horticultural gardens in all parts of the world. 51:49 "And of every thing We have created pairs1, that you may reflect2." 1. This is a confirmation of the fact that God has made pairs of everything (see 36:36 above). God says that He created everything in pairs so that man can reflect on how things multiply and give stability to their existence and to the perpetuation of the System of God! 53:45 "And He did create in pair, male and female." In this verse not only the creation of things in pairs has been stressed, but it has been clearly declared that the two partners in any pair are of opposite sexuality, polarity or nature. On a little reflection, this could be extended to mean that if the two partners in a pair are inanimate or abstract entities, of no gender, then they are of opposite natures and properties like the north and south poles of a magnet and positive and negative electric charges and currents. The reader is invited to check the numerous examples given under 36:36 above, and then identify more pairs not contained in the list of examples, and verify the opposite polarity by way of behaviour of the two members making the pair. 55:12 "Also corn with (its) leaves and stalk for fodder, and sweet- smelling plants." This is another short verse relevant to Botanical crop and Horticultural environment. 56:63, 64 "Do you see the seed that you sow in the ground," "Is it you that cause it to grow, or are We the cause?" These two consecutive verses are in interrogative format. This format is often employed by God in His Quraanic revelations to render those that deny answer less. The above verses, together with the ones cited under Agriculture and Farming, form a large number relevant to these sciences. Readers with further interest in exploring The Holy Quraan may also find the following verses useful in these fields:
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15:19 to 22; 23:19; 25:49; 26:6,147,148,149; 31:10; 35:28; 36:34,35; 37:42,46; 39:21; 43:11; 67:21; 87:4; 95:1.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 7: Chemistry
CHAPTER 7 CHEMISTRY
There are many verses that speak about Organic, Inorganic, metallic and non metallic objects that are covered in scientific development under the sciences of Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. These fall under the three states of matter, namely, solids, liquids and gases. Numerous metals and non metals are mentioned by name and their principal properties and uses are indicated. Like other sciences, therefore, Muslim researchers excelled in Chemistry as well. Two of the Suras (chapters) are indeed titled 'The Iron' and 'The Smoke.' The author now presents and comments on some verses relevant to Chemistry: 13:17 "He sends down water from the skies1, and the rivers and channels flow2, each according to its measure3; but the torrent bears away the mounting foam that mounts up to the surface4. . Just as, from that (metals and ores) which they heat and melt in the fire, to make ornaments or utensils therewith5, there is a scum likewise6. Thus does God (by parables) show forth Truth and Vanity7. For the scum disappears like froth cast out; while that which is good for mankind remains on the earth. Thus does God set forth parables8." This is a Comparative-cum-Mixed verse that takes several parts to say what it means. The author has marked subscripts 1 to 8 to discuss the parts relevant to the understanding and development of Chemistry as well as the parable set forth and the message involved: 1. 1. This part of the verse contains in it the complete Chemistry of the Water Cycle. Those readers who have learned about the distillation of water in their early Chemistry classes and laboratories will appreciate it very well. The lay reader will also not find it too difficult to grasp the distillation of water and hence Nature's Rain System and man's Distilled Water Industry. The author will first describe, for the benefit of the lay reader the process of distillation of water so that he/she can then appreciate fully the Natural Water Cycle or The Rain system. One can very easily evaporate impure water and redeem it in the form of purest liquid water either in a science laboratory or even in the home. In a laboratory a double glass-wall tube called a 'Leibigs condenser' is used, while at home any crude system of boiling and turning water into steam and then cooling down the steam formed may be employed. When impure water is boiled, it turns into steam at 100 degree Celcius, while the impurities are left behind as residue. In a school laboratory, the ensuing steam is made to pass through a tube, which is surrounded by an outer tube through which running water at room temperature is passed to cool down the passing steam inside the inner tube . Steam when cooled condenses back to water which can be collected. Since there are no impurities in the condensing steam, the collected water is the purest form of water popularly known as distilled water; very useful in industries and hospitals. In the home, any cool object like a clean glass plate can be interposed in the path of the ensuing steam and kept cool by pouring tap water over it. The steam condenses back to pure water that can be collected. The Rain Cycle is not now difficult to understand. The shining sun heats water on the upper surface of the sea and steam is formed by slow evaporation. As hot gases are lighter than air, the vapours rises up to form clouds leaving any salts/impurities behind in the sea. As the clouds reach high altitudes, or alternatively encounter any obstruction cooler than themselves (like mountains), they become cool enough to condense back to water and we have rain. 2. This part of the verse refers to how rivers and their tributaries are formed by the rain waters. 3. 'According to its measure' means that God, The Ultimate Scientist knows the needs of each individual area on the earth and, therefore, quantifies the Water Cycle on that area accordingly. Hence, rivers and channels have their different water capacities and measure of fills in different parts of the earth.. 4. It is a usual observation that fast flowing rivers and streams show an amount of foam on their surfaces which is ever mounting as the flow speeds up. This foam is very light and so stays on top of the surface and as the flow gathers momentum, the torrent bears away the mounting foam. It is here that the parable is aimed to press home the message of the verse. 5. This part of the verse points towards the sciences of Metal Chemistry and Metallurgy, clearly indicating
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that metals have their melting points and they can be heated on suitable fires (furnaces) to melt them and then mould them into articles of use such as ornaments, utensils and other apparatus. 6. The parable becomes more apparent when we see that, as there was unwanted lightweight foam mounting on top of river surfaces and is borne away by the torrents, similarly the impurities contained in metals and ores form a foamy scum that comes on top of the molten metal or ore, and can easily be removed and cast off, and the remaining pure molten metal used for any goodly purpose. 7. In the parable, God compares vanity to foam and scum, while Truth to the pure (free of foam/scum) water and molten metal. 8. Just as the foam over water and the scum over molten metals and ores subside, disappear or are easily removed, and the usable bulk of water or molten metal remain and serve, similarly, vanity and falsehood easily vanish, while truth and goodly deeds remain to serve mankind. 8. Such detailed parables are used by God to press home the exact meaning of His messages so man can grasp them easily. 23:20 "Also a tree springing out from Mount Sinai, which produces oil, and relish for those who use it for food." We have come across this verse before, but here it can clearly be seen as carrying information about Organic Chemistry, in that it suggests extraction of oil from plants and vegetation and also the edibility of organic substances. 23:35 "Does he promise that when you die and become dust and bones, you shall be brought forth (again)? This is another verse relevant to Organic Chemistry in one of its aspects, pointing out to the decomposition and chemical transformations of living bodies and organs when they have died. 27:61 "Or, who has made the earth firm to live in; made rivers in its midst; set thereon mountains immovable. And made a separating barrier between the two bodies of water1? Is there a god besides God? Nay, most of them know not." 1. Rivers of sweet and drinkable water flow and fall into seas of salty, bitter and undrinkable water, and yet at their meeting point neither the sea can make the river water hard and bitter, nor can the river make the sea water soft and sweet, although according to the laws of Osmosis, molecules of one density of water must permeate into the molecules of the other density if the two are in contact for some time. Hence the question posed by God at the end of the above verse! It is God alone who can over rule the laws of Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure (and any other law for that matter). Surprisingly many still do not believe in His Oneness.
30:48 "It is God who sends the winds, they raise the clouds: then does He spread them in the sky (heights) as He Wills, and breaks them into fragments, until you see Raindrops issue from the midst thereof: then when He has made them reach such of His servants as He wills, behold, they do rejoice." This is one more elaborate verse on the subject of the Water Cycle and its quantisation by God according the needs of His creatures.. 34:10: "We bestowed bounty from us on David. 'O mountains and birds! Sing you back the praise of God with him1!' And We made the iron soft for him2." 1. This part of this verse belongs to Physics and so will be discussed there. 2. Scientists and particularly Physicists and Chemists distinguish between soft iron and steel. Soft iron can be magnetised and can be used for making useful apparatus. When iron was made soft for David, what God commanded him to do with it comes in the very next verse.
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34:11: " Make you coats of mail, balancing well the rings of chain armour, and behave righteously1, for sure I see what you do." 1. This part clearly indicates that balanced and high accuracy apparatus are better cast if the iron is soft. The command to behave righteously implies that man must not use Gods gifts for purposes constructive and not destructive. He is ever watchful of how man uses His bounties granted to him. 35:12: "Nor are the two bodies of water alike. The water of one is palatable, sweet and pleasant to drink, and that of the other salty and bitter1. Yet from each you eat meat fresh and tender, and you extract ornaments to wear, and you see the ships sailing through it, that you may seek His bounty2, and be you grateful." 1. Study of hard and soft water is an important part of inorganic Chemistry and has been developed in detail. This part of this verse indicates the exixtence of these two different lots of water and their properties. 2. Here it is said that although the two kinds of water are completely different in their physical properties like their destructive etc, yet God The Scientist has made many features common to both as far as their service to mankind is concerned, for example, (i) both are conducive to fish and other marine life. (ii) man seeks His bounty and finds it in both. (iii) ships sail on the surfaces of both, etc., 36:80: "God is the One Who has made for you fire from the green trees, then from it you kindle." This small verse points towards vast fields in Chemistry which now stand fully investigated and developed. For example, combustion and combustible material, carbon and all about it, liquid fuel and the Chemistry of fire itself. 37:97 "They said: 'Prepare for him a furnace and cast him into the blaze'." This small verse points toward the potential development of furnaces, high temperature Chemistry, and Pyrometers that measure distant high temperature and intensity sources. 43:71 "Platters and goblets of gold, wherein is all that souls desire, and that eyes delight in, shall be passed around to them: ' And you shall dwell therein forever'." Gold is yet another chemical element, a metal mentioned by name. 55:19, 20 "He has let free the two bodies of water meeting together," "Between them is a barrier which they do not transgress." These two verses are another beautiful version of the verses we have seen before on the subject of sweet and bitter lots of water in contact with each other but not obeying laws like effusion, diffusion, osmosis etc.. 55:22 "Out of them, come pearls and coral." Mention of precious commodities of Chemistry found under water which belong and are sudied in Chemistry under the general realm of Carbon. 57:25 "Certainly we sent Our Messengers with clear signs and We sent down with them the Book and the Balance1 so that people may observe justice. And We created for you iron, wherein is great strength, and many uses for mankind2, so that God might test those who strive for Him and His Messengers, in the Unseen3. Surely God is The Strong, The Almighty," 1. Balance and The book clearly mean the maintenance of justice in society. However, Balance is used for weighing things equally and this is an important department of Chemistry, and has led to the
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development of very high precision weighing-balances with the theory of moments of forces behind them. 2. We have already seen verses describing soft and hard iron with an indication of its properties and uses. In this part of this verse, however, the great power and strength of the metal is mentioned, that point to its possible use in the manufacture of building materials, ship industry, magnetisation industry as well as in weaponry. 3. Having implicitly indicated both possibilities of constructive or destructive use to which iron can be put; God will test mankind as to which purpose man uses it for. 70:8 "The day the sky will be like molten brass." Melting of metals has been talked of before, but an alloy has been mentioned by name for the first time. Studies in Chemistry have carried the research of mixing metals for different needs very far. 76:5 As for the righteous, they will drink of a cup with a flavour of camphor." Camphor is a non metal mentioned by its chemical name. In addition, there are verses mentioning burning and burners, drink with ginger flavour, fermentation and vines of different tastes and flavours, Silver, Crystal and ordinary glass, various textile fabrics and colours etc. in the following and other places: 21:58; 76:15, 16, 17, 19, 21; 77:1 to 4; 83:14; 100:2.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 8: Computer Science
CHAPTER 8 COMPUTER SCIENCE

The advent of computers is only a few decades old, but the development of Computer Science is a more recent story. A few decades ago the first computers were very costly and required large buildings to house them. For that reason only long established universities and other large and wealthy institutions could afford them. However, the idea of computing and analysing data was so popular that computer science developed astonishingly rapidly. Within the last two decades computers fell not only in size but in price. In size, they decreased from Main Frame Computers to a Palm Top Computer passing through the stages of Midi Frames, Mini Frames, Desk Tops and Lap Tops. Universal popularity and demand also occasioned competition amongst manufacturers resulting in a dramatic drop in cost of manufacture and hence in retail price. A computer essentially comprises of three units working together, namely the IPU or the Input unit, the CPU or the Central Processing unit and the OPU or the Output unit. The Input unit feeds or supplies data and instruction, the Central Processing Unit analyses and processes it according to given instructions (called a program), and finally the Output Unit displays the results. The Input unit may come in several shapes and forms and many of them can be incorporated in the system at the same time. Some of the more commonly used IPU'S are the QWERTY keyboard, the Floppy disk or diskette, the CD ROM, scanners and digital cameras, although other media such as tape recorders may be used. The OPU'S also can be in various shapes and forms, but a VDU (video display unit) Monitor is invariably used for instant visual display of both the input data and output results. A printer is used to obtain the output in the form of what is known as a Hard Copy or a printout.. The main computing unit, the CPU is in a box or a small tower inside which the Mother and various other cards are located that do their assigned jobs at high speed. In fact, the price of a computer really depends on the speed of performance called the clock speed and its capability of performing jobs. Earlier personal computers started from a clock speed of eight, sixteen, thirty two or sixty four Kilo Hertz but the PC'S today have speeds of hundreds of MHz. Nine out of ten computers today are sold as multimedia systems. This means that in addition to mere reading, writing and running standard applications, you can now have the media of sound and pictures, you can play games in which stereo sound and live picture effects will make you a virtual participant in the game. Then there is this remarkable medium of Internet that connects computers all over the world to each other. With this facility you can get any information from anywhere in the world with the touch of a few buttons, can play interactive games with players thousands of miles away from you, shop from anywhere around the globe while sitting in the comfort of your drawing room, send and receive electronic messages very quickly and cheaply, hold conferences and meetings with people in other towns or countries, read newspapers of any country, avail the facility of renowned libraries anywhere in the world, control the work going on in your office from your home and much more. When I made myself aware of and somewhat familiar with the advances of Information Technology and what computers can do for us with ease and speed, I began to wonder what information, if any, The Holy Quraan has for this new science which is rapidly encompassing the everyday life of people. I was sure there must be a lot as, through The Quraan the Creator Scientist has delivered the message to mankind that He has designed everything to be subjected to the service of man. With this conviction I made a fresh study of the holy Book and very soon I was convinced that another book parallel to this one can be written on this subject. However, in this chapter the author will show that there is an abundance of verses that manifestly refer to computer science that is now being rapidly developed: 2:1 " Alif Laam Meem1." 1. Alif Laam and Meem are only three alphabets of Arabic, Persian and Urdu languages equivalent to A, L and M in English. Hence this is not a sentence containing any message or information. They are called 'Huroof Muqatteaat' meaning separated consonants. The Apostle of God, to whom The Holy Quraan was revealed, in spite of the curiosity of his companions, did not explain their significance or the reason for their occurrence at the start of this and some other Chapters in the Quraan. All the learned translators and commentators of the Holy Quraan over the centuries have been unable to utter any comment of authority on this question. It is, therefore, inconceivable that the author can offer any. The reason why this
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verse comprising of three separated letters has been cited here is that in his study of computers and computer programming the author has come across what are known as pass words or key words. These can be separated letters as well. One does not need to know their meaning or significance, but they are very meaningful to the composer of the program. The author also finds the Quraan as a Book of Suras very similar to computer programs, each line of which is numbered; the difference being that in a worldly computer program the lines are numbered 10, 20, 30,.or even 100, 200, 300,etc because the author of that program can amend. rewrite, cancel or add lines which will fit in the number gaps provided, while the Quraanic Sura lines are numbered 1, 2, 3, because they are the Program written and revealed by a Supreme Programmer about Whom we have been reading all along in this book, and the lines of His Program (of instructions) can not be amended, changed, added or canceled. Hence in a Quraanic Sura there are no number gaps. However there are Pass words/ Key words whose significance only The Programmer will know. This is just personal thinking of the author, who will go on to show that Quraanic verses are computer programs which are saved on a 'Safe Tablet' (huge safe diskette). However, let there be no doubt that God knows best. 2:144 "And no soul can die except with God's permission1; the term is fixed pre-written2; if any do desire the reward of this life, We do give him of it; and if any do desire a reward in the hereafter, we shall give him of it; and swiftly shall we reward the grateful3." 1. The death of any soul is not a jurisdiction of that soul. No one is given permission by God to die as and when he wants. The time and manner of ones death is pre determined. In computer terminology this is like the ROM (read only memory) which is pre programmed by the computer makers and over which the user has no control but to only read (know) and accept it. 2. Not only is the term of one's life fixed, but it is written down. This part clearly suggests that every soul's death is pre programmed by The Creator in writing (and kept in that soul's file) and will be automatically executed when that term comes to an end. 3. Although the accountability will be over the whole life span of a soul, yet it will be swift. Man, who thinks that his computer systems work very fast, should ponder over the words 'swift reward' used in this part of this verse. Another verse that endorses what is said in 2:144 is the one below: 3:185 "Every soul shall taste death; and you shall surely be paid your rewards on the day of resurrection; then whoever is removed far from the Fire and admitted to the Garden is the winner; and the life of this world is nothing more than a deceiving vanity." 4:40 "Indeed God is never unjust even by the weight of an atom, and if one does a good deed, God will multiply it, and give from Him a great reward1." 1. This verse has an implied pointer that God has multiplying, adding and all sorts of computerised formulae, and if you do a good deed, those formulae are executed and the reward goes on file and is saved, and on the day of accountability you will be awarded accordingly. 4:78, 79 "Wherever you are, death will find you, even though you be in fortified towers1. If they have good fortune they say it is from God, and if a misfortune befalls them they say it is from you (O prophet). Say 'All is from God2' so what is the matter with these people that they do not try to understand anything." "Whatever good comes your way is from God; and whatever evil happens to you is from your own self3. And We have sent you (O Mohammad!) as a messenger to mankind. And enough is God for a witness." 1. Death is pre programmed for you and you cannot escape it whatever you do. That program (event of your death) will execute itself (when the time of its execution is reached), even if you be in a highly fortified tower!
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2. This part has an implied indication that everything good or bad is pre programmed for you by God. 3. Having told that everything good and bad is from God, man is now being told that the responsibility of coming to a bad end lies on his own self, because, just as he has ROM (Read only Memory), he is also given RAM (Random Access Memory, which is his life span which he was free to use in any manner he liked). He could have filled his RAM capacity with good deeds, which he would have found saved in his file on the Day of Judgement! But he used his allowed RAM badly, so he is responsible for the evil befalling him as a result. 6:67 " Every tiding has its time appointed1. You shall surely know." 1. This is another clear indication that all happenings are pre programmed by God, and things happen only when their pre programmed time comes! 6:160 "He that does good shall have ten times as much as his credit; he that does evil shall be recompensed according to his evil. They shall not be wronged." This is another verse that points toward how arithmetical formulae and calculation will play their part in recording and saving your file for the Day of Judgment. 7:34 "To every nation there is a term appointed; when their term is reached, they shall not put it back by a single hour, nor put it forward by a single hour1." 1. This verse not only endorses that fates of people and nations are pre programmed, but makes it clear in the minds of those who like to know the Truth, how helpless people and nations are to avoid or even change the timings of execution of that which is pre programmed for them by God. 7:37 "Who is then more unjust than he who invents a lie and attributes it to God, or rejects His revelation? Those are they whose destiny, ordained in the Book1 (of decrees), shall be fulfilled against them2. When Our angels come to take their souls and say, 'Where are the ones you invoked besides God?' they shall reply, 'They have left us in the lurch.' And they will bear witness against themselves, that they had rejected God3." 1, 2. The word Book has also been used frequently in the Quraan for the register (file) in which ones whole life actions, even thoughts are recorded. Here it is made clear that the Book in which their ordained (pre programmed) destiny was recorded, will be used to fulfil it against them. 3. The book (file) of ones records will be so comprehensive a multimedia with sound and live pictures recorded that everything one did in ones life will be relived to him and the overwhelming proofs of ones deeds will compel one to be a witness against oneself. 8:68 "Had it not been for a previous ordainment from God, you would have incurred a severe penalty from God for the (ransom) you took1." 1. This is another verse telling that matters are pre ordained or pre programmed by God. That is why evildoers are not punished immediately. 9:121 "Nor do they expend any sum small or great, nor do they cross any valley, but it is written to their account1; that God may reward them with the best of what they have done." 1. This part of the verse says directly that whatever you do is recorded in writing in your account (file). Whether you spend, money for a good cause or travel for a good reason, the actions are saved in your file and that will be used to give due rewards. 10:21 "And when We give the people a taste of Mercy after adversity has afflicted them, then they take to planning against Our revelations; say: 'God is swifter in planning1,' surely Our angels are writing down what you are plotting2."
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1. This part of the verse tells us that whatever high speed man can attain through computers or rocketry, he will never reach God's speed, He is always swifter. 2. This part suggests that our life spans are analogous to a computer's Random Access Memory (RAM), the writers or typists of which are God's angels, whatever we do in our life is written down (keyed in and recorded in our files and preserved). 13:39 "God does blot out or confirm what He pleases1; with Him is the Mother of the Book2. 1. This first part of this small but very important verse tells us that God may delete or confirm and retain from what He programs as He likes. This helps us to understand why the commandments, decrees and scriptures given to other messengers before The Quraan, were altered from time to time until God declared to His prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him) that: Today I have perfected your religion for you, and have completed on you my Blessings (of Guidance), and have chosen Islam for your religion (5: 3); and told the people that: 'Muhammad is not a father of any of you, but an Apostle of God and the Last of the Messengers.' (33:40 ). At the same time He declared to both men and jinn folk that the last of His Books, The Quraan, would never be changed, as this was the final 'Light and Guidance' to all the ages to come, and issuing at the same time an everlasting challenge to them contained in no less than five places in the Quraan, asking them to combine their forces together to imitate the Quraan and create one Sura like those in the it, without of course invoking Him for help! 2. Learned commentators of the Holy Quraan have stated 'The Mother of the Book' as The Original Foundation of all Revelation and The Essence of God's Will and Law. This prompts the author to think that God programmed the origin of universes, and the laws according to which they were to run, in an Overall Grand Program, and called it Mother of the Book, from which Knowledge, Instructions, Guidance and Commandments were revealed to people and nations, through His Messengers, from time to time in the form of Scriptures, including The Quraan. This also makes the author feel that the advent of computers and computer science makes it easier for man to understand the system of God . 17:14 "Read your book1(your record); today your own soul suffices you as a reckoner!" 1. On the day of resurrection, it will be said to each soul: Read your book! This confirms the fact, that the slightest of what one does is recorded and saved as his book (file) which will be given to him to read and then testify against himself. 85:22, 23 "Nay, this is a Glorious Quraan" "(inscribed) In a Tablet Preserved1." 1. These two verses establish beyond question that The Glorious Quraan is made up of God's Programs and is safe (saved) on a preserved Tablet (in computer terminology a disk or CD of very large size).. The above is but a small selection from the Quraan about computer science. There is so much more to write that the author has undertaken work to produce a separate book on this subject titled The Advent of Computers and the System of God.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the keys Chapter 9: Embryology and Human Biology
CHAPTER 9 EMBRYOLOGY AND HUMAN BIOLOGY

Many learned authors have written a lot about the Quraanic verses that comprehensively describe the stages of pregnancy of a woman, from conception to delivery, and the biological development of man afterwards. They have invariably wondered over not only the details, but the extent to which those details are in complete conformity with recent scientific discoveries and developments in this field. The author, for some time, taught in a North London mixed comprehensive secondary school where sex education was one of the subjects taught to young boys and girls. As the author knew the Quraanic details revealed to the Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him), in the early seventh century after Christ (peace be upon him), he was curious about the scientifically established facts of modern Embryology and Human Biology. He explored numerous Biology textbooks written by various authors and found that the latest scientific details were exactly as contained in the Holy Quraan. Of course, The Quraan is not a textbook of any of the sciences, so no one would expect to find all the finer details of gynaecology and other allied fields in it. Basically, The Holy Quraan only tells how God created the first man and his wife, and how the first couple then started the biological reproduction and multiplication of mankind. It is this reproduction and the multiplication of the human species that the Biologist studies, together with that of all other living things. According to the Quraanic verses the first human couple, Adam and Eve were not born biologically, but were special creations of God, the Creator. Adam was made from 'Turab', a special kind of earth, and the creation of Eve is not talked about. She has been mentioned just as Adam's wife. It is, however, in Literature called Israilyaat that Eve was born from Adam's rib cage. The Holy Bible also has information that Eve was born out of Adam's right side ribs. The two were later married and were granted residence in the Garden of Paradise with the condition that the two would not go near a particular tree. The first human couple were tempted by the Satan, (who was there by God's leave), and tasted the forbidden tree's fruit. On God's reprimand, they confessed and repented sincerely. God, The Merciful, pardoned them, but ordered them to leave the Garden of Paradise and descend to earth along with their enemy Iblees, the Satan. It was on the earth, then, that the Biological reproduction of the human race began, and human society started to evolve. God ordained the biological lifecycle of man according to His appointed laws, and commanded man to ponder and reflect to discover his laws. The discovery of those laws became the basis of Embryology and Human Biology. Despite His ordainment of Biological and Genetic laws, God has also shown that He alone is the Creator, and as such, He can create human beings in ways that completely ignore those laws. For example, He created a man without the involvement of either a man or woman (that was Adam), created a human being without the involvement of a woman (that was Eve) and created a human being without the involvement of a man (that was Jesus Christ). God also overruled the scientifically established principles by enabling couples where the wives, apart from being very old, were infertile as well, (Ishmael and Ishaq to Abraham, Mary to woman of Imran and John to Zacharyas). God not only revealed the stages of pregnancy, the subsequent biological development of the human embryo into a foetus, and after the childbirth into a man, but He also revealed the functions of various parts and organs of his body, the five senses, different passions and the qualities of head and heart that a man can enjoy. At the same time God also revealed the religious, ethic, moral, personal and social codes of conduct for this very special creature of His. The author will now first cite a few Quraanic verses about Adam and Eve and then go on to present and discuss a number of verses relevant to Human Embryology and Biology. These ten verses relate to Adam and Eve, from Adam's creation to his descent along with his wife Eve and enemy Satan, on the earth. The last two verses also relate to the start of the institution of Prophet-hood and the religion of God, Adam being His first Prophet. 2:30 "And when your Lord told the angels that: ' I will create a vicegerent on the earth', they said:' Will You create therein one who will make mischief therein and shed blood, while we celebrate Your praise and extol Your Holiness?" He (God) said:' I know what you do not know." 2:31 "And He taught Adam the names of all things, then He displayed them before the angels and said: 'Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful." 2:32 "They said: 'Glory be to You! We have no knowledge except what You have taught us."
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2:33 "God said: 'O Adam, tell them the names of these things.' So when Adam told them the names of all things, God said: 'Did I not tell you that I know the unseen of the heavens and the earth, and I know what you reveal and what you conceal." 2:34 "And We said to the angels: ' Prostrate to Adam', they all fell prostrate, except Iblis (Satan); he refused and was haughty, and so became one of those who reject faith". 2:35 "And We said: 'O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Garden, and eat of the bountiful things there-from freely as you please; and do not approach this tree lest you run into harm and transgression". 2:36 "But Satan tempted them with that tree and caused them to fall from grace; and We said: 'Descend all of you from here! You are enemies of one another; there shall be on earth for you a habitation and provision for a prescribed time". 2:37 "Then Adam received certain words from his Lord and repented, and his Lord accepted his repentance, indeed He is the Relenting, the Most Merciful". 2:38 "We said: 'Descend all of you from here; and if there comes guidance from Me, whosoever follows my guidance, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve". 2:39 "And those who reject faith and belie our signs, they shall be the dwellers of the Fire, therein to dwell for ever". There are further verses that describe how Adam's skeleton was made from a special kind of earth, and then soul was blown into it to create the first living man ever, as well as those that disclose who the Satan was, and tell all about his rise and fall. Those verses, however, will be presented under the chapter 'The Creations of God'. In the rest of this chapter though, only the verses that have relevance to Embryology and Human Biology will be presented and discussed: 4:1 "O mankind! Fear God the One Who fashioned you from one person1, and from that (person) created his wife2, and from the pair of them scattered many men and women3. And fear God, Whom you ask for your (mutual) rights4; and (reverence) the womb relationship5. Indeed God is ever watching over you." 1. 2. This part of the verse reminds mankind that they are all the descendants of one single person, Adam (peace be upon him). Here it is revealed that Adam's wife (Eve) was created from Adam himself alone. There are no further details about the creation of Adam's wife. However, as mentioned earlier in this chapter there is information from early Muslim tradition and the Holy Bible that she was born out of Adam's ribcage. This part tells us how the human race began, subject to the Biological and Genetic laws ordained by God, that is, the sexual union of a man and a woman; the sperms contained in man's semen fertilizing the eggs in the woman's ovum. This part points to the fact that man, in his heart of hearts, knows that social justice and all other institutions are from God, and whenever a gross injustice or adversity of any kind befalls him, then in spite of the fact that he has his own social and penal systems, he invokes God to do him justice. In this part of the verse God tells people to respect and follow codes of morality in matters of sex. There is an implicit pointer to the institution of marriage, and respect of the members of one's immediate family, particularly the womenfolk.
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2:222 "And they ask you about menstruation, say: 'It is a harm and pollution1.' So keep away from women in their courses, and do not approach them until they are clean2, but when they have purified themselves, you may approach them in a manner prescribed for you by God3. For God loves those who keep turning to Him constantly, and He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean4."
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3.
4.
The Arabic word used 'adhan' in its nearest translation to English is a combination of harm and pollution. The use of this word is highly justified scientifically, in that the menstruation period carries a high amount of health and pollution risks for the woman involved and the environment around her. It is risky for her own health because an irregularity in her monthly period's timing, duration or quantity of outflow can be a cause of serious danger to her physical health. It is polluting because of the quality of the blood outflow. A slight carelessness in handling and containment of the outflow on the part of the woman can make her body and clothes very polluted, and carelessness in disposing of the soaked absorbents used can be a cause of pollution for the whole neighbouring environment. It is clear from the discussion in 1 above that the menstruation can be hygienically and medically dangerous and polluting. God, in His revelation has forbidden men to go near their women with intent of sex. The woman must be granted total rest avoiding all strenuous physical as well as sexual engagements in the best interests of her health. It is when the woman has come out of her menstrual period and has resumed normality by making herself pure and clean, that man should approach her with intent of sex, and again in a biologically natural and hygienically viable way, that is, the one allowed by God. Those who disregard the above mentioned health and hygienic principles, that is, do not keep themselves pure and clean, only run the risk of picking up and spreading pernicious diseases; such unclean people are not liked by God.
3:6 "God is the One Who shapes you in the wombs as He pleases1, there is no God but He, the Almighty, the All-Wise2." 1. When you are in your mother's womb, nobody including your parents have a say what shape should you take. It is God alone who chooses a shape for you, and so infinitely vast is His choice that in the multitude of men and women scattered over the earth no two shapes are exactly the same, and each individual has his or her separate identity. This has been the case from the day of Adam's creation to this day. The fact stated in 1 above, is one of the most logical proofs that there is only one God, for if there were more than one of them, it would not always have been possible for them to agree on one shape for the baby in the womb, and there would have been more than one person with exactly the same shape and identity. Consequently the one God, must have all the Might, Authority and Wisdom as there is no one to share it with Him.
2.
5:27 "Recite to them the truth of the story of the two sons of Adam1. Behold! When each of them presented a sacrifice to God, it was accepted from one but not from the other. The latter said: 'I will sure kill you2.' The former said: 'Surely God does accept the sacrifice of those who are righteous3'." 1. The two sons of Adam and Eve born on the planet earth according to the principles of embryology and human biology mentioned in the above verse were named Habeel and Qabeel. In the Holy Bible their names appeared as Abel and Cain, Abel was the younger cited as the righteous one. This part identifies the passion of jealousy in men born biologically. This part indicates that Adam had preached some code of morality and conduct to his children. It may also be construed from here that guidance had started to reach Adam as was promised by God when sending him down to live on earth.
2. 3.
5:28 "If you do stretch your hand against me, I shall not stretch mine against you to kill you; for I do fear God, the cherisher of the worlds1." 1. This verse which is the statement of Abel made to Cain, clearly establishes that Adam was the first Messenger of God on earth, and that he taught his children about God and about good and bad deeds.
5:29 "'For me, I intend to let you draw on yourself my sins as well as yours'. 'For you will be among the companions of the Fire, and that is the reward of those who do wrong1'.
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1.
This verse, the continuing statement of Abel to Cain, suggests that ethics of reaping the reward of good or bad deeds was well preached to the children of Adam and Eve.
5: 30 "The (selfish) soul of the other led him to the murder of his brother1; he murdered him and became one of the lost ones2'. 1. This was the first murder of human history. 2. This suggests that before the murder it was made known to the children of Adam and Eve that murder is a big sin, and that a murderer is a 'lost one'. 5:31 "Then God sent a crow who scratched the ground to show him how to hide his brother's body1. 'Woe is me!' Said he: ' Am I unable to do as this crow, and bury the corpse of my brother?' And he became one of the remorseful2." 1. Cain, who murdered his younger brother Abel, being one of first few humans, did not even know how to dispose off a dead body. This part of the verse also suggests that primitive men learnt their lesson from other creatures of God around them. 2. This part tells about the passions in man and how they can quickly change with circumstances. The passion of rage quickly changing into the passion of remorse in this case. 7:189 "It is He Who created you from a single person and from that (person) created his wife1, that he might incline to her2, then when they are united, she bears a light burden and carries it about, but when it becomes heavy they both pray to God their Lord: 'If you grant us a righteous child, indeed we shall be grateful3." 1. We saw verse 4:1 that also had this message. The single person mentioned is Adam and his wife is Eve. 2. This part of the above verse implies that God the Creator has ordained the passion of attraction between man and woman. 3. The author wrote earlier that after creating Adam and Eve, God ordained Biological and Genetic laws according to which human (and other living creatures for that matter) will reproduce themselves and multiply. This part states the initial stages of those laws telling that when sexual union of a man and woman has taken place, the woman conceives, and the pregnancy develops in stages until childbirth. 16:4 "He (God) created man from a sperm-drop, and behold, this same (man) becomes an open disputer". The above small verse talks about the initiation of mankind as a result of the marriage of Adam and Eve, and then points to the arrogant nature of man despite his coming into being from a small quantity of sperm. 16:70 "And God has created you, then He ordains you to die; and some of you will be left until abject old age, so after having (enough) knowledge he will know nothing. Surely God is All-Knowing, Exalted in Power." The above verse points to a man's whole life cycle during which he passes through various stages and age groups. Some are ordained to die at any of the age groups, but some are to reach such an abject old age where they lose control of their senses and memory retention. This part also clearly points to the biological evolution of man (and all other living creatures within their species) through their life span. 16:78 "God is the One Who brought you forth from your mothers' wombs knowing nothing, and He gave you hearing, and sight, and senses that you may be grateful." Seven verses later than the above quoted verse, God tells in this one, how man develops senses and knowledge over the years. This verse tells of a definite cycle of human biology. The author is reminded here of a poem from Oliver Goldsmith entitled 'Seven Stages of Man's Life' in which the poet sets the first stage as 'Infancy' in which a man starts without teeth, senses, wisdom or memory. After passing through
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five more stages man reaches his seventh and last stage of 'Abject old age', when once again he is without teeth, senses, wisdom or memory. 18:37 "His Companion said to him while he was conversing with him: 'Have you disbelieved in the One Who created you from soil and then out of a sperm-drop1, and then fashioned you harmoniously as a man2?" 1. The creation of man born biologically to his parents is traced right up to Adam who was made from a special kind of soil. The reader must be reminded that the Arabic word/s used for the material of Adam's creation can be translated in English in a variety of ways. If the reader consults translations of the Quraan by different translators he finds that word translated as clay, soil, dust and mud. Besides, several adjectives qualifying the noun used appear in the Quraanic verses. 2. The words 'fashioned' and 'harmoniously' used in the translation of this part of the verse call for some discussion. The author will remind the reader of a verse previously discussed in which it was said that God chooses the shapes to be given to people and that His scope of choice is so infinitely vast that He assigns a shape to each individual which is unique to him. To press home this Attribute of God the word 'fashioned' has been chosen in the translation. The word 'harmoniously' points to the fact that mans entire mould has been made very symmetrical and in well balanced proportions. Another verse saying this is the following: 82:7 (God is Him) Who created you, fashioned you harmoniously and in due proportion and gave you a just bias. This verse further elaborates Gods fashioning. Harmony indicates that all the limbs and biological components are so designed that they are normal and healthy only if there is complete harmony between them. If one limb gets hurt or damaged, the whole of the body becomes medically abnormal. In due proportion means that the normal human body is mathematically symmetrical about an axis of symmetry that runs vertically through exactly the middle of the body skeleton, that is, the left half of a normal person is an image of the right half. Just bias means that all his passions are well balanced. A normal human being maintains a beautiful overall balance of his personality in general. 22:5"O mankind! If you are in doubt about your being raised after death, (then consider) that1 We created you out of soil2, then out of a sperm-drop3, then out of the leech-like clot that clings4, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed5, in order that We may manifest (Our Power) to you; and We cause whom we will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term6, then We do bring you out as babes7, then you reach the age of your full strength8; and some of you are ordained to die9, and some of you are left to reach their feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known10 (much). And (consider further that) you see the earth barren and lifeless11, but when We pour down rain on it, is stirred (to life), it swells and puts forth every kind of beautiful growth in pairs12." The above verse and one to be discussed immediately after it, and of course many more on this subject found throughout the Quraan reveal the most scientifically accurate information on the subject of human embryology as shown below: When the scientists in human biology and experts on modern embryology realized the full extent of the information about their field of research present in the holy Quraan, they were simply wonderstruck. It was only in the twentieth century that the modern scientists were able to cast off the erroneous theories of Aristotle and the Sansikirit pioneers and discover and establish their latest findings in this field. Dr Keith L. Moore, Ph.D., F. I. A. C, Professor of Anatomy and Associate Dean Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M55 IAB, Canada writes in his book on embryology titled The Developing Human that he was amazed to find such minute and accurate details on embryology in the Quraan that was revealed as early as the sixth century after Christ . Part 1: The author has marked twelve parts of this long verse with super scripted numbers for discussion. In this first part God directly addresses mankind through His Apostle (peace be upon him). God says that if a man is in any doubt about being raised from the dead for a second life, and held accountable for his
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actions in his first life, then he must consider all the stages God passed him through before his creation in the first instance. Then they should consider how God revives barren and useless land into a fertile and useful one. By the same Power He shall raise the dead and hold them for the accountability of their deeds committed in their first life. If they come out successfully from this accountability, they will have a happy eternal life. If they fail it, then their lot will be a miserable one, and that misery too, will be eternal. So God wants, through this verse, to show to man that if there are doubts in his mind about resurrection (and accountability), then he should ponder over how God created him the first time. He should also reflect how God revives barren and dead land to be blooming with beautiful plant life. Part 2 refers to the creation of our first ancestor, Adam. Parts 3 to 6 are the stages of conception and development of pregnancy, which the author himself verified from his studies of biology. These are in total conformity with the results of the latest researches and established facts of Human Biology. Although Aristotle had presented a theory about conception and the origin of the human embryo much earlier, it was only comparatively recently that the development of human embryo in stages was suggested and discussed. After the advent of the microscope in the seventeenth century after Christ, the stages of the development of a chick embryo were first described. The stages of the human embryo were not discovered fully until the twentieth century. Streeter started this discussion first in 1941, which was subsequently improved into a more accurate system due to ORahilly. Parts 7 to 10 are concerned with a man's lifecycle from infancy to the feeblest old age. Parts 11 and 12 invite man to reflect on God's Power of raising the dead for a second and eternal life. When He provides water in the form of rain, the barren and 'dead' earth suddenly blooms with life, producing all sorts of beautiful growths in their pairs (so that their reproduction cycle perpetuates). The following five verses of the next chapter also deal with the creation of man, his biological development in the womb, life and death, and his final resurrection, but this time with added detail of the development of the human embryo in the womb: 39:6 He created you (all) from a single person, then from that (person) created his wife1, and he sent down for you eight head of cattle in pairs; He makes you in the wombs of your mothers, in stages one after another2, in three veils of darkness3. Such is God, your Lord and Cherisher; to Him belongs Dominion. There is no god but He, then how are you turned away (from Him)? As discussed in 3 under the previous verse, this is another verse which reveals information about the human embryo that the modern scientists are amazed to find in a Book that was revealed to an uneducated man (Prophet Muhammad, peace be on him) some fifteen hundred years ago. The amazement was due to the fact that this Quraanic information concerning the field of modern embryology that has been there for fifteen centuries with such surprisingly accurate details, was not fully appreciated and understood due to inaccurate translations and vague interpretations. For that reason, science took so much time to establish them empirically. In fact, as the author has stressed before, the mixed and implicit verses of the Quraan call for a very careful translation and interpretation by experts in the fields about which the divine revelation provides information. Due to the fact that the Quraan was discriminated against on grounds of religious bias, it was up to the Muslims only to write the Quraans translations and provide interpretations and commentaries. After the glory of the Muslim scientists and researchers faded into the western renaissance, the Muslim grip on this scientific knowledge unfortunately loosened fast. Muslims could not keep pace with the later scientific developments due to a variety of reasons, and the translations and commentaries of the Quraan by them lacked the true and accurate interpretation on modern scientific grounds. 1. This part refers to the creation of Adam and his wife Eve. 2. This information contained in the Quraan about the stages of human embryo in the mothers womb has been verified by modern scientific research in the last half of the twentieth century only. 3. This part refers to all the stages of the development of the human embryo in the mothers womb taking place inside the darkness of three veils. Modern researchers on human embryology have established these three veils as:
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a) The Anterior abdominal wall, b) The Uterine wall, and, c) The Amniochorionic membrane. 23:12 "And certainly We fashioned mankind from the quintessence of clay1," 1. The reference to the creation of Adam from quintessence of clay, before giving the details of biological and genetic conception, pregnancy and childbirth, is an implicit invitation to men of wisdom. They should ponder and appreciate how God makes an organic material (sperm in man and egg in woman) out of an inorganic one (dry dust or moist dust or mud or clay or its quintessence; however you translate it). 23:13 "Then We placed (man) as a small quantity of sperm in a safe lodging, firmly established1;" 1. This is what happens just after the fertilization of the female egg by male sperm, according to modern findings of Human Biology as well. 23:14 "Then We fashioned the small quantity into something which clings1, and then We fashioned the clinging thing into a (foetus) lump2, then we made out of lump bones and clothed the bones with intact flesh3, then We developed out of it another creature (human child)4; so Blessed be God, the best to create." 1. Parts 1 to 4 here describe stages of pregnancy which are confirmed by recent scientific finding. Part 3, however is additional detail telling us about the stages of the development of the embryo, when bones are made and they are covered by flesh in good contact with each other. 23:15 After that (having lived) you die1." 1. This small verse has in it the whole cycle of man's life from birth to death. It also implies that what is born must die! 23:16 "Again on the Day Of Judgment you will be raised up1." 1. This is the declared promise of the Creator Himself that after the death in this world, mankind will be raised up again for its accountability in the hereafter. So it will come to pass regardless of whether mankind believes or disbelieves it. Water is an ever present ingredient of God's living creatures including man. Indeed there are verses that say that every living thing has been created from water, for example, Verse 24:45 says: "And God has created every being from water, of them there some that crawl on their bellies, and some that walk upon two legs, and some that walk upon four; God creates what He pleases, surely God has power over all things". Verse 24:54 says: "And God is the One Who has fashioned man from water, and established relationship of lineage and marriage, your Lord has power over all things." The reader will be advised, however, that the word 'water' has also been used for the semen that man ejaculates. Verse 86:5, 6, 7 can be cited here to support this: "So let man reflect of what he is created," "He is created from a water ejaculated," "Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs." 30:22 "And from His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your languages and your colours, surely in this signs for the worlds."
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The above verse speaks of two more facts about genetically multiplying mankind, the diversities of its languages and its colours, although all men are the children of the same ultimate parents (Adam and Eve). There is still a large number of verses relevant to this science that the author cannot discuss here for want of space. Readers interested in this area will find the following verses useful; but this is not an exhaustive list. 7:10,11,179; 15:26 to 42; 16:66; 18:18,45; 19:8,9,20,21,88 to 93; 20:118; 21:8; 23:17,37; 28:194; 30:21; 32:8,9,11,33; 33:4; 35:11,29; 36:77; 39:6; 40:67; 42:3,11,49,50; 46:26; 48:13; 56:59,62; 67:23; 69:12; 76:2,28; 77:21,22; 80:17 to 20; 82:7,8; 96:2.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 10: Geography, Geology and Meteorology
CHAPTER 10 GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY

Geography, geology and Meteorology are related sciences. Geography covers the Political and Physical study of the planet Earth we live on. Within this science, Political Geography covers the study of countries, nations, cultures, religions, occupations, industrial and social development etc. while Physical Geography studies structure of the earth, mountains, rivers, oceans, agricultural and mineral produce amongst other things. Geology is the science that involves the study of soil and rock, while Meteorology is related to the study of weather and changes in natural phenomena like atmospheric pressures and temperatures that effect the climate of regions on the globe. There are numerous verses in the Holy Quraan relevant to all three of these sciences that inform mankind about them, and prompt them to study and develop the scope of these important sciences. Early Muslim scientists, inspired by these Quraanic revelations, undertook extensive researches in these fields and did great pioneering works. The author presents below, as usual with brief discussions, a selection from such verses of the Quraan: 2:164 "Surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth, in the alternation of night and day1, in the ships that sail on the sea for the benefit of people2, in the water that God sends down from the sky reviving with it the earth after it was barren3, in His spreading in it all kinds of living things4, in the changing of the winds5 and clouds subjected between the sky and the earth6, indeed are signs for people who are wise." We first saw this verse under Agriculture and Farming. Here the author will try and highlight its parts relevant to Geography, Geology and Meteorology with brief comments and discussions on each part. 1. The study of the alternation of night after day and day after night' was taken up by Muslim thinkers and scientists inspired by this and other such verses revealed through the Holy Quraan, who had made remarkable progress in these fields of study. However, the research into this field by later scientists has perfected and developed this study completely. These researches over the times discovered and established that the planet earth is an almost a spherical globe that not only revolves round the sun, but at the same time spins round its own north-south axis. One complete cycle of spin around earth's own axis takes twenty four hours that produces one alternation of night and day as revealed in the verse above. Also one complete cycle of revolution round the sun takes a fraction over 365 days, and that enables us to reckon the year, months, weeks, hours and seconds. 2. As the globe of the earth is made two thirds of water (seas and oceans), it was necessary for man to explore ways of moving over and dive under the surfaces of seas and oceans, if he was to be the master of his own globe. This and suchlike verses became an inspiration for Muslims to develop boats and ships. This part belongs to Geography in that shipping plays an important role in trade and communications of nations which the Geographers study. This part is also relevant to Geology as oceanography is a field of Geology, and ships sailing for the benefit of mankind points to studies in oceanography as well as redeeming the bounties of God from the depths of oceans for trade on land. 3. This part has been discussed before. Here, mention is necessary that changes in the earth that are brought about by rains and the subsequent depositions and denudations also make a field of Geography and Geology called Soil Study. The Quraan also has revelations concerning Geology, inspired by which, early Muslim researchers excelled in this field as well. 4. This part was also discussed before. Again, cattle, and other animals used by people for communication and transport and consumption purposes is a part of Geographical studies. 5. The phrase 'changing of winds' goes a long way to prompt man to initiate and develop Meteorology studies. The change of winds gives rise to regions of low and high (atmospheric) pressure over the globe. Regions of low pressure draw wind from regions of high pressure. These rushing winds carry with them clouds to the low pressure locations. Thus areas of high pressure enjoy calm and dry weather, while areas of low pressure get stormy and wet weather. 6. We saw how clouds form and rise to heights above the ground and how rain is caused under the chapter on Chemistry. Everyone would agree that the role of clouds and rain is very important in
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Geographical, Geological as well as Meteorological studies of not only the earth, but some other planets as well. Hence the relevance of this part of the verse to this group of modern sciences. 2:189 "They ask you concerning the phases of the moon. Say: 'These are appointed times for the people, and the Pilgrimage1". The righteousness is not that you enter the house from the back, but the righteousness is that you fear God and enter the houses from proper doors and fear God that you may prosper". 1. More than one Quraanic verses speak about the phases of the moon. This is the first of them. Geographers have established the phases of the moon as responsible for seasons as well as low and high sea tides. This verse was revealed to Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) when multitudes of non believers in Islam kept inquiring of him about the phases of the moon. God asks him to say to them that different phases of the moon take place regularly at fixed intervals of time so that they can be used to reckon time and in particular they can formulate a calendar for the year and know what affairs to perform in what months. The reader would note that the Islamic calendar is based upon the lunar movement round the earth, and according to it the annual Pilgrimage to Makkah (the Hajj) is performed in the last (12th) month, called Zil-Hijjah. 3:26, 27 "Say: 'O God! Owner of the Sovereignty, You give sovereignty to whom You please, and You seize sovereignty from whom You please, You honour whom You please, and You abase whom You please, all good is in Your hands; indeed You have power over all things1." "You cause to interpose the night over the day, and You cause the day to interpose over the night2, and You bring forth the living from the dead, and You bring forth the dead from the living, and You give sustenance to whom You please without measure3." 1. This verse strongly preaches that all Geographic boundaries on the maps of the earth are artificial divisions and chalked out by man. The only Sovereignty is in God's hands and He can make countries and people big or small as and when He likes. 2. This we have come across before. Geography attributes the night-day cycle to the spin of the earth round its own axis, but it is God who has caused the spin and therefore, it is He who perpetuates the nightday cycle. Note the night-day cycle mentioned in the verse and not the day-night cycle. The reason for this is that it is suggested here and elsewhere too, that a single 24 hour span (one complete spin cycle of the earth) comprises of a night and a day, starting with a night followed by the day. This is also the reason that in the Islamic calendar the date changes at the sunset and not at midnight. 3. This part implies that although God gives sustenance to all, but He gives some without measure. This explains what we regard as good and bad fortunes, good and bad crops, rich and poor nations and high and low yield resources of various geographic and geological produce in various parts of the world. 3:137 "How many generations had passed away before you, so travel the earth and see what was the end of rejecters of Truth1." 1. If this part of the verse is pondered over, one would soon agree that travel and tourism is encouraged. However, for the believer there should be, apart from other ones, two primary motives when he travels. That he should keep in mind to be a seeker of Truth with an open mind, and learn lessons from historic and/or geographic landmarks, particularly ruins of the past. 3:190 "Surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the disparity of the night and day, there are signs for those who possess minds." The above is another verse implying the spin and revolutionary motions of the earth. 6:6 "Have they not seen how many generations We have destroyed before them, who We had established on the earth, as We have not established you, and We sent down for them abundant rains, and We made the rivers to flow beneath them, then We destroyed them because of their sins, and brought after them another generation."
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This is yet another verse pointing to big historical and geographical revolutions, when in earlier times God's punishment to hardened transgressors used to be delivered within their life spans in this world. Geographical phenomena like rain storms and flooding was used by God for quick destruction of many in the past. 6:96 " He cleaves the daybreak (from the night)1, God appointed the night for the rest2, and the sun and the moon for reckoning (time)3. This is the ordaining of the Almighty, the All-knowing4." 1. Here again it is said that day comes after the night in one full 24 hour span (one full spin cycle of the earth). 2. God has made the night for taking rest. It does not mean that one should not or could not work during nights. It simply means that if one would work during the night, he would do so at the expense of his rest time, and he surely would have to find compensating rest hours. Continuous working nights without any rest is not possible for man. 'God has appointed' means that God has laid down definite laws which can be discovered and verified but can not be changed. 3. This part of the above verse clearly says that both the moon and the sun can be used for the reckoning of time. Hence the calendar based on the sun is as good as that based on the moon. It also implies that whatever calendar you devise it has to be based on either the lunar or the solar system. That is, all time reckoning ways adopted by various nations on earth will either be based on the relative moon-earth motion or the relative earth-sun motion. The term 'relative motion' must be understood in its strict mathematical and scientific significance because the moon, the earth and the sun all execute their various motions of different parameters at the same time, and the annual calendar systems are based on their net relative motions of a particular pair of them. The breakdown of a years time into twelve months is also appointed by God as the next verse given below will reveal. 4. 'Ordaining' here means that definite mathematical and physical laws have been set by God for once and all. Man can discover and verify them for their truth but he cannot change or alter them in any way. 9:36 "The number of months (in a year, or in the time the earth completes one revolution round the sun), ordained by God are twelve in the Book of God, since the day He created the heavens and the earth1, and of them four are sacred. This is the right religion, so do not wrong yourselves (commit sins) during these months. And fight the pagans all together even as they fight you all together, and know that God is with those who are pious and restraining." 1. This part of the above verse clearly tells that from the very instant of creation, God assigned calculated speeds and mathematical laws for the motions of planets, stars and their satellites, and preserved those in His Book of decrees (Master Program), and those speeds and laws of motion determine that that there are twelve months in a year. So we find that the annual calendar system, whether solar or lunar, invariably breaks down into twelve monthly periods. 16:15 "And He has cast firm mountains upon the earth, lest it should be unbalanced with you1, and rivers and ways that you may be guided2." 1. This part of this verse belongs in the Implicit Verses Group and will be discussed there. Mountains in themselves though, are geographical and Geological phenomena. 2. This part is fully relevant to Geography wherein nations are rated on the scale of development of their land and water resources and communication routes. 21:33 "God is the one who created the night, the day, the sun and the moon; All (celestial bodies) are traveling in an orbit with its own motion." This is a short verse but points to and tells of a vast knowledge of Mathematics, Physics and Geography. Mathematicians and Physicists have established over the last few centuries only what was revealed by way of Quraanic verses fifteen centuries ago. This verse says that the sun and the moon (and all celestial bodies like them) move in their orbits because one is appointed for each. Each has its own motion as well. Naturally if the motion of each is unique to it, then other planets and satellites cannot avail the constants and variables of that motion, so to study the effects of those motions (like the occurrence of night, day and
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eclipses) we can think of them as the result of their relative motions only. The orbit in which each moves is also unique. And the laws according to which the motions are executed have been appointed by the Master Planner-Creator, which cannot be subject to change. So even if the orbits cross each other, there cannot be a question of the motion of one disturbing the motion of other by way of forces of attraction, repulsion or by colliding. As for the orbits, they can only be circular or elliptical, as circles and ellipses obey mathematical laws. That means a zigzag path is not possible for the sun or the moon to move through the space. 24:43 "Have you not seen how God makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them a heap1. And you see raindrops issue from the midst of them? He sends down from the sky mountains of hail2; He strikes whom he pleases with it, and turns it away from whom He pleases3. And the flashing of his lightning takes away the sight4 ." 1. This part of the above verse describes the various stages of cloud formation. Scientists in Geography and Meteorology recognise different grades of clouds and give them specific names. 2. As mentioned in the above part, clouds build from their thinnest to thickest grades, this part suggests that the issuance of light raindrops can build into huge hailstorms, thunderstorms, tornadoes and high velocity gales. 3. The hailstorms, tornadoes and high velocity gales mentioned in (2) above can play havoc in any part of the globe, and with them God punishes any nation (big or small, developed or undeveloped) and can spare of them any nation (big or small, developed or undeveloped). 4. Lightning is also a frightening ingredient of the above calamities which can be so intense in brightness that it can make people momentarily blind. 20:6 "To God belongs what is in the heavens, the earth and beneath the soil1." 1. This small verse inspires man to study the structural contents of the land. Geologists have done that and what is beneath the soil has been thoroughly investigated and makes a vast field of study for Geologists and Geographers. 35:27 "Have you not seen how God sends down water from the sky, and with it We bring forth a variety of fruits of various colours? And in the mountains are streaks white and red and various shades of colours, and jet-black1." 1. Study of rocks is a large field of research in Geology, and Geologists are seen going from mountain to mountain to collect data about the types of rocks, their morphology and cleavage behaviour as well as shades of colours. Doctorates of Philosophy are still awarded to researchers and contributors of original work in these areas by universities all over the world. The above is a random selection of the innumerable verses relevant to the sciences discussed in this chapter that show how rich the Quraan is in its content of the most modern scientific information. For readers who want to know more, the following and many other verses will be of interest: 3:137; 10:6; 15:22; 16:14,16; 17:12,68; 18:17; 21:42; 22:46; 23:18,80,84; 30:9; 36:38,39,40; 39:21; 42:1,2,28,29; 43:10,38; 45:51; 55:14,22; 67:21; 70:9; 73:8; 76:18,19; 78:10,11,13; 79:29; 80:17,18; 84:16,88:19,20; 91:2, 3, 4; 93:1,2; 101:5.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 11: Mathematics
CHAPTER 11 MATHEMATICS
Mathematics is popularly known as the mother of all sciences. The author will readily agree with this, simply because not only every science depends on numerical statistics, their calculations and manipulations, but the true test of the authenticity of any scientific postulation is provided by Mathematics. There were times, not in the remote past, that only men of high mental faculties used to adopt Mathematics as a discipline of their studies, others being repelled by the so called 'dry nature' of the subject. Even today the majority of schoolboys and girls do not consider Mathematics as a friendly subject to study. In the author's opinion, however, this attitude is totally wrong and misguided, and the myth is slowly but surely breaking down. The whole huge and apparently insurmountable looking infrastructure of Mathematics stands on ten single digits only. These ten single digits, namely, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, form the basis of counting, and their various combinations form big and small numbers. Different operations with these numbers form the first discipline of Mathematics called Arithmetic. The Holy Quraan presents these digits, numbers and the idea of using them in calculations revealing directly as well as implicitly the four fundamental operations of Arithmetic, namely, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division. There are verses that speak of cardinal, ordinal, even and odd as well as fractional numbers. The Quraanic call of pondering and reflecting on verses revealed in the Holy Book prompted early Muslims to take on research in this important discipline of learning as well. They did a lot of work and developed this subject so well that they can truly be regarded as pioneers of Mathematics. They not only developed the digits and numbers, but found new ways of using them in solving problems they found in their day to day lives and in their study and development of natural sciences. They were the first to start the use of alphabets to represent unknown quantities, and mix them with numbers to set up equations that led to the determination of the exact value of the quantities represented by the alphabets, a branch of Mathematics which later came to be known as Algebra. Mohammad Al-Khwarazmi (780-850 A.C), developed the techniques of calculation by Reduction (simplification by factorization) and Comparison (solving problems by constructing an equation and performing the same operations on its two sides). He wrote three books on 'Ilm-al-Hisaab' (The Knowledge of Mathematics). In these volumes he wrote about the techniques of ratio and proportion, factorization, simple, simultaneous, quadratic, as well as differential equations. He developed the principles of identities, surds, geometry and trigonometry, and of solving problems by giving small increments to simple and complex functions (calculus). His books were soon adopted in the European colleges and universities. One of his books was entitled 'Hisaab Al-Jabr-wal-Muqabila' which became so celebrated that later exponents of the mathematical techniques he wrote about, retained the name Algebra as a tribute and acknowledgement of his contributions. The author now proceeds to present Quraanic verses, with brief discussions, relevant to Mathematics. However, only verses that portray the elementary arithmetical ideas and principles will be cited in this chapter. Verses containing higher and advanced mathematical ideas and principles will be discussed under the chapters on Implicit Verses and on Physics, as at the higher level Physics and Mathematics become the same discipline. In addition, a deviation from the format of earlier chapters will be adopted in the discussions of mathematics and Physics, in that instead of discussing verses in ascending to Quraanic chapter and verse numerical order, as we have been doing so far, they will be discussed, henceforth, under named topical sub-headings of the subject of discussion. THE DIGITS There are only ten single digits upon which the entire infrastructure of Arithmetic and higher mathematics stands. Those who think Mathematics is a difficult subject should take a pause and know that it requires only the handling of ten single figure digits. So if the fundamental principles and properties going with these ten digits are well understood early on, one would be at ease with this subject later. By placing these digits side by side we make numbers and there are primarily only four fundamental operations for manipulating these numbers, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Mastery of these at an early stage will enable one to be good at mathematics at a later level.
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The ten digits were known to mankind from very early on, perhaps revealed by God at some stage of his Divine Guidance to man, just as He sent a crow to teach Caan, the son of Adam, how to dispose off the body of his slain brother Abel . However, at the time of the revelations of the Holy Quraan the Arabs were largely ignorant of numbers and their properties. It was only as a result of Quraanic revelation and the call to ponder and reflect (carry out researches) on the revelations that they picked up ideas in this field, and by complying with the call for pondering that they achieved astonishingly high levels. THE DIGIT 'ZERO' (0) The digit Zero is not directly talked of but is contained in numbers revealed in several verses, such as the numbers ten, hundred, nine hundred and fifty and one thousand etc. Examples are the following verses; the relevant part/s of which has/have been underlined : 2:196 "And fulfill the Pilgrimage (Hajj) and the visitation (Umrah) for God; but if you are prevented then make such offerings as may be feasible, and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches its destination, and if any of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp, then a compensation should be made by fasting or by charity by sacrifice (slaughtering a lawful animal for the needy), and when you are in peace, whoever enjoys the visitation (Umrah) until the pilgrimage (Hajj), let his offering be such, as may be feasible, or if he finds none, then a fast of three days during the Pilgrimage and of seven days when you return, that is ten full days, which is only for those whose homes are not in the precincts of the Sacred Mosque. And fear God and know that God is severe in punishment." The above is a verse directed to the Arabs who had converted to Islam and had accepted the Quraan as Words of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). The underlined parts of the verse reveal four of the ten digits (3, 7, 1 and zero), one number (10) and the operation of Addition as well introducing the idea of an equation, in that it says: 3+7=10 THE DIGIT 'ONE' OR 'UNITY' (1) We have seen this digit involved in the verse cited above but there are several more verses that contain the unity digit. The following can be quoted as examples: 10:49 "when their term is reached they shall not put it back by one hour nor put it forward (by one hour). 80:2 "When came to him one blind man," 112:1 "Say: 'He is God, the One and Only," THE DIGIT 'TWO' (2) The digit 2 is mentioned as a separate digit, factor of a number, as well as member of a number. Following are two examples: 17:12 "And We have appointed the night and the day as two (2 as a digit) signs" 2:51 And when we appointed forty (40 has the digit 2 as one of its factors) nights for Moses, you took the calf for worship in his absence, and you were evildoers, 2:60 "And when Moses prayed for water for his people, so We said: 'Strike the rock with your staff' whereupon twelve (the number 12 has the digit 2 as one of the two forming it) streams gushed forth, each tribe knew its own stream, Eat and drink of God's sustenance, and do not act wickedly, corrupting the earth." 29:14 "And We sent Noah to his people, and he lived among them one thousand years less fifty, then the Flood seized them, and they were evildoers".
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Note how the number expressing the age of Prophet Moses (pbuh) is revealed suggesting the operation of subtraction on two numbers (1000 and 50), apart from the fact that 2 is one of the factors in both. THE DIGIT THREE (3) This digit is also mentioned as a separate digit entity as well as part of numbers, for example: 35:1 "All praise to God, the Originator of the heavens and the earth, Who has made the angels to be messengers with wings, two, three, four, He increases the creation as He pleases. Indeed, God has power over all things". 18:25 "And they stayed in the Cave three hundred years, adding that to nine". THE DIGIT FOUR (4) This digit is also contained in verse 35:1 cited above. THE DIGITS FIVE (5). SIX (6), SEVEN (7) AND EIGHT (8) These digits, and the ones talked earlier, along with cardinal forms of some are contained in the following verse: 18:22 "Some will say: 'They were Three and their dog was the fourth', and some others say: 'They were Five, and their dog was the sixth', guessing at the unseen, and yet others say: 'Seven and their dog was the eighth'. Say: 'My lord knows best their number, and none knows them save a few'. So do not dispute with them except in outward disputation, and do not ask any of them for a pronouncement on them". More digits and their values in the Units, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands and higher Places in forming numbers are revealed in parts of the following verses. As in the above cases if a number of dots appear before the stated part of the verse, it will mean that there is text of the verse before the cited part which can be accessed by referring to the verse in the Quraan; and if the dots appear after the stated part of a verse, then there is more text in that verse after the cited part which again can be reached with the help of the verse reference number: The digit seven (7) is mentioned separately in the following verse: 15:44 "It has seven gates, for each gate a set portion of them". THE DIGIT NINE (9) The following verse contains the digit 'nine' (9) as part of an addition operation, viz., 300+9 = 309: 18:25 "And they stayed in their cave three hundred years and add on that nine". Below are some more verses speaking about digits and numbers: 41:9 " Say: 'Do you disbelieve in the One Who created the earth in two periods of time?........." 69:7 "Which He imposed uninterruptedly." on them for seven long days and eight long nights
97:3 "The Night of Al Qadr is better than a thousand (1000) months". 70:4 "The angels and the Spirit ascend unto Him in a Day (youm) the measure of which is fifty thousand (50,000) years".
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The idea of very big or out of reach quantities, that is, quantities which are not arithmetically or otherwise comprehensible because of their huge sizes, which the Mathematicians call 'Infinity' and denote by the symbol is contained in several verses. The Following is one of them: 14:34 " and if you want to count God's favour, you will never be able to enumerate it The following verse can be cited as the basis of the development of Calculus in that it talks of infinitesimal (very small) quantities (Differentiation), multiplication or magnification of quantities (Integration), and the incomprehensibly large quantities (Infinity): 4:40 "Indeed God is not unjust by the weight of an atom, and if one does a good deed, God will multiply it, and give from Him a great reward". MODERN MATHEMATICAL IDEAS Besides the classical and fundamental ideas The Holy Quraan has also revelations about modern mathematical concepts and principles. Some of these are: Set Algebra in which problems are solved by identifying sets of quantities or entities with similar properties or common grounds and then calculating their Unions and/or Intersections by the most modern operations. Matrix Algebra: In which problems are solved by arranging data in Matrices or Arrays and the carrying out some of the many modern operations for arriving at the desired results. Symmetry: in which the mathematics of 'Regular' figures, shapes and objects is studied by examining their Lines or axes of Symmetry and other similar properties. Probability: In which, briefly, the chances of happening or not happening of an event and the mathematics of Random Events is studied. Vector Analysis: In which the mathematics of Directed Quantities is studied. These modern branches of Mathematics are, however, somewhat advanced as compared to classical Mathematics, and with the lay reader in mind, the relevant Quranic verse will not be quoted here for discussion. Instead, they will be discussed as and when they come our way in chapters or topics in which they occur. Meanwhile, readers interested in more verses concerning with mathematical ideas will find the following references useful: 3:133; 4:1,46; 16:18,61; 21:11; 24:39; 28:82; 30:55; 33:65; 36:40; 41:10,12; 42:23; 46:35; 48:23; 53:57; 73:20; 76:1; 74:48; 81:2; 103:1; and 112:1. Please note that this list of references is not exhaustive by any means.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 12: Medicine
CHAPTER 12 MEDICINE
Medicine, in one form or other, is as old a discipline of human knowledge as human history itself. It has, however, been researched and developed as a systematic science in the recent past only. Before the scientific development that we see today, medicine had passed through many different modes of practice. In very olden times probably only Herbal Medicine was practiced. Later, various other methodologies crept in as man's knowledge grew, and almost every civilisation introduced its own brand of medicinal practice. The Hindu Aryans developed what is known as Aryovaedic Medicine and its exponents came to be known as Vaeds. Of course, this Medical discipline is still practiced in India and other eastern countries and the experts in Aryovaedic treatment are still called Vaeds. The Greeks had their own Medical discipline which was also adopted and practiced by the middle eastern and eastern countries where it came to be known as 'Tib Yunaani' (Greek Medicine), Yunaan being the Oriental word for Greece. By this time a very crude form of surgery also began to supplement the medical practice. Still later, the Egyptians had their own medicinal system in black magic and various other kinds of therapy as part of the main practice. Apart from a well founded system, they also developed what is now well known as the worlds first scientific system of preserving dead bodies. Egyptian ancient Mummies are kept in many prestigious museums of the world as exhibits of their amazing scientific advances. One of the several applications of black magic in many parts of the African continent, where it is known as 'Juju', is still practiced as a healing therapy. The people of the Book that is the Jews and the Christians introduced Spiritual Healing as a regular mode of treating the patient. This idea was drawn from the divine Books revealed for them and the miracles performed by their prophets and other holy men. In the seventh century of the Christian era God revealed what Muslims believe to be the fourth and last Book revealed by God, known as Al Quraan to the last of His Messengers Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (peace be upon him), in first the Holy city of Makkah and then the northern city of Yathrab (now known as Madinah) in what is today known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the Quraan, divine instructions and information was revealed in a piecemeal manner over twenty three years. Apart from instruction and information, the main and most effective features of the Quraan was that through it God urged mankind to ponder and reflect on what it revealed and adopt the Quraanic revelations in their daily lives. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) made this Quraanic Call the most outstanding feature of his twenty three years of teaching and preaching as Messenger of God. Four of his most famous Traditions (Sayings) unanimously certified as authentic by all the researchers on his Traditions are: (a) Pursuit of knowledge is a sacred duty of every Muslim, male or female, (b) Obtain knowledge from the cradle to the grave, (c) Go after knowledge even if you have to travel to China for it and, (d) Knowledge is the lost wealth of the true believer; grab it from wherever you find it. In the field of looking after the general health, the prevention of illness, and curing of disease when it has struck, the Prophet (peace be on him) led from the front. He advised his companions about the good and bad of all consumable things of daily life and the use of many herbs, minerals and other makeshift cures for bodily deficiencies and ailments. There are volumes of books written on the Prophet's ways of treating the ailing body as well as the soul. The effect of the revelations of God, as well as the inspiration of the Prophet's teachings and practices on Muslims was surprisingly tremendous. Within a short period of time they had researched and developed various sciences on modern lines. They introduced them to the world, and provided a solid platform for further studies, research and development. They wrote invaluable treatises and textbooks on their findings in all the sciences they had developed, for the world to do further research on. In Medical science also, Muslims made great pioneering contributions. They studied thoroughly all the previous techniques and methodologies in this field, and then carried out extensive researches of their own to develop it for presentation to the world. Their findings became the starting point for research as a result of which Medicine stands where it does today. They studied the human body's own metabolism, developed the principles of Physiology and Hygiene on modern lines, worked on animal diseases and set up a structure
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for veterinary medicine. It was Muslims who introduced anesthetic operations and stitching of wounds by sterilized needles and sutures made from sheep's intestines in Moorish Spain. Abu Ali Ibn Sina wrote a book comprising of several volumes entitled 'Qanoon- fil- Tib' meaning in English 'The Principles of Medicine' in which he published his valuable works on the network of capillaries in the human body, the blood circulatory and the digestive systems and the effect of various kinds of therapies on the brains and bodies of humans and animals. He wrote the world's first volume on the Psychology of animals and another on Depression, relating for the first time depression to the growth of ulcers. He richly illustrated his works and his volumes contained detailed diagrams, charts and tables about dissections of various animals including the human species, as well as the capillary, the blood and the digestive systems, surgical details, orthopedics and the relevant instruments involved. His volumes of 'Qanoon-fil-Tib' pronounced as Qanoon fit Tib with both t's soft, were translated from Arabic to Latin, which later found their way into central Europe through Spain, Sicily and Italy and for the next five hundred years were adopted as the main textbook and source of reference in all European universities and seats of learning. At the same time Muslims carried out researches elsewhere in the world. They were the first to study and introduce the effect of Music Therapy on humans and animals. They also did a lot of original research on Aroma and Steam therapies. Apart from the Allopathic they also studied many other fields of medicine such as Spiritual Healing, Herbal Medicine and the art of pulse reading (a feature of Tib Yunaan). They quickly excelled in medicinal practice, so much so, that Muslim countries of as early as the eighth century after Christ, had fully fledged systems of clinics, Herbal and Yunaani treatment centres, steam bath complexes, centres of various other kinds of therapies and Mobile Hospitals as regular services provided by their Governments. The author now presents Quraanic revelations that have relevance to medicine with brief discussions where necessary: EGYPTIAN MAGIC 26:43 "Moses said to them: ' Cast down what you have to cast". 26:44 "So they cast their ropes and their staffs and said: 'By the might of the Pharaoh we shall be victors". 26:45 "Then Moses cast his Staff, and it swallowed up all their invented falsehood". The above verse does not appear to be relevant to the science of medicine directly. But Muslims of the seventh century and later knew well that the magicians of early Egypt did use their magic prowess as healing therapy for various conditions of the human body and mind. All magicians of the Pharanoic era were regarded as medical healers just and the ones who were summoned by the Pharaoh of the time to confront Moses were regarded as medical doctors/consultants. . 34:10 "And We have bestowed upon David bounty from us: 'O mountains and birds, echo God's praise with him1'. And We softened the iron for him". 1. A full discussion on this verse will be presented when it is looked upon again under Resonance, However, here it is worth mentioning that the impact of music and the reverberation of musical notes is revealed as an energy of great impact on animals and even on stones. Exactly how stones are affected by this energy will be found explained when Resonance is dealt, but Muslim thinkers and researchers in the science of medicine were definitely inspired by this verse. The use of music in the healing of men and animals was an eminent field of work in Muslim medicinal developments. 36:71 "Have they not seen what Our hands have made, We they own?" created for them cattle of which
36:72 "And We have subjected them to them, and some of them they ride and some they eat;" 36: 73."And other benefits they have in them1, and from them they drink, will they not then be grateful?"
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1. Inspired by this part of the above verse, Muslims explored all possible uses and benefits of all animal species, including their use in medicine, their diseases and the remedies for those diseases. Please note that man is also one species in the realm of the animal kingdom. In this part. among other benefits moa derives from animals, there is a pointer to their use in the realm of medicine as well the part played by the drinks and other products produced by them. Milk from some cattle and honey from bees are specifically quoted as such drinks in other verses of the Quraan. 39:42 "God takes the souls at the time of their death, and those that died not during sleep, He withholds those upon whom He has decreed death, and sends back the others until an appointed term. Surely in this is a sign for people who reflect1". 1. The whole of the above verse is an invitation to deep pondering. The very last part of it clearly promises wonderful results for those who will undertake to reflect on the contents of this verse. At the first look at the verse tells the difference between death and sleep. Death occurs when God takes away the soul from the physical body. Death can occur in sleep also, to those for whom it is so ordained by God. Others of those asleep, for whom death is not ordained, the soul is returned to their bodies and they wake up from their sleep and go on enjoying their lives until such time as death is ordained for them (not always when they are asleep or unconscious). As a result of reflection on Quraanic revelations, Muslim thinkers and philosophers began to explore the possibilities of putting animals (and men) into periods of artificially achieved sleep. The results of such Muslim researches were first declared and published in Moorish Spain in the form of the development of anaesthesia and anaesthetic surgery. Other scientists and researchers elsewhere (not necessarily Muslims) found out other ways of putting man into artificial periods of sleep by the art of mesmerism and other techniques. It has to be said, however, that since Medicine is a field which can and does have many different systems developed within its realm, it is not the aim of the author to present verses that are particular and specific about any of the fields or modes of practice in the science of Medicine. Nevertheless, the keenly interested reader will find the above mentioned verses as like the ones that inspired the Muslims for their very early advances in Medicine. Readers who care to go through a volume of the translation of the Quraan, I am sure, will come across many more verses relevant to the topic of discussion in this chapter. They will find verses describing the Quraan as Shifaa, meaning cure and a successful remedy from ailments. They will also find this word used about honey, which the Prophet (peace be upon him) used as a cure and successful remedy for many ailments.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 13: Physics-I
CHAPTER 13 PHYSICS-1
MATTER AND ENERGY Physics is one of the natural sciences that study the principles and laws according to which everything happens, including the running of the universe. For this reason Physicists strive to explain every single phenomenon of daily life by postulating mathematically and empirically viable theories and their experimental verifications. Thus Physics and Mathematics go hand in hand. Indeed at higher and advanced levels they look like one and the same subject of study. It is my experience as a teacher of Physics and Mathematics that pupils who happen to be weary of Mathematics are also weary of Physics as they regard both equally dry and difficult subjects. In one sentence Physics can be defined as the science that deals with the study of matter and energy, as all that we encounter within our daily lives in the universe is either in the form of matter or energy. Matter has a bodily existence and hence possesses mass and occupies space. As such, it is easier to handle and study, as opposed to energy which does not have mass or occupy space. Matter can be found in any of its three well known states solid, liquid or gaseous. These three states of matter are inter-convertible. For example, water is a liquid at ordinary temperature, but turns into ice (solid) when its temperature falls to zero degrees Celsius and converts into steam (gas) when the temperature is raised to a hundred degrees Celsius. While there are 92 Element of matter given to us by nature, energy is only found in one of the following nine kinds: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Mechanical- further divided into kinetic and potential energies, Heat- also known as thermal energy, Light- also known as optical energy, Sound- also known as acoustic energy, Magnetic, Electrical, Chemical, Nuclear and, Solar.
Again, like states of matter, the different forms of energies are all inter convertible. There are devices that do this job for us. For example,. The bulb in your table lamp converts electrical energy into light energy, a car engine coverts chemical energy obtained by burning petrol into mechanical (kinetic) energy, a dynamo converts mechanical energy to electrical, and an ordinary electric heater converts electricity into heat energy and so forth. With this brief introduction we come to what is contained in the Quraanic verses about matter and energy and the laws of Physics in general. The author was always of the thought that since Physics explains every day phenomena, so the Quraan must have the maximum number of verses about this science if the Quraan really has revelations about established sciences. Praise be to God, after studying the Quraan from this point of view the author was doubly reassured of what he initially thought. The reader must have come across verse 2:36 on page 82 (Chapter 7) that contains God's commandment to Adam, Eve and the Satan when He ordered them to descend to earth. The author again quotes here this and another verse that carries a similar commandment to those three beings with a discussion relevant to matter and energy: 2:36 "But Satan tempted them with that tree, and caused them to fall from the grace they were in; and we said: 'Descend all of you from here! You are enemies of one another; there shall be for you on earth a habitation1 and a provision2 for a prescribed time3. 1. In this part of the verse God clearly tells Adam, Eve (mankind) and Satan (jinn-folk) that there will be a habitation for them on earth. To the scientist this simply means that the planet Earth they are being sent to is viable to their living. That is, the atmospheric, environmental and climatic conditions like temperature and pressure will be conducive to man as well as jinn life.
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2.
This is the important part in that in it God tells them that their provision (all they would need to live) will be found on earth. Now all that a living being needs to sustain life and to live it comfortably is matter and energy and God tells the three beings sent to live on earth that they would find all matter and energy on the planet Earth. The layman may not think that all this Matter and particularly all Energy is on the earth. Modern sciences, however, have established this and that verifies the truth of this Quraanic revelation.
3. This part has the divine revealing that all things, including the living one have a life term mandated at the end of which that thing will be no more.
MATTER Physicists and in particular Chemists had established by the first few decades of this (20th) century that there are in all ninety two material elements (singular entities). The entire material world is a result of mixtures and compounds of these ninety two elements. Moreover the discipline of Chemistry endorsed that the natural occurrence and sources of all elements are on earth. They have studied and listed their properties and uses as well as their possible chemical reactions with each other. They established a table of all the elements in the order of their (atomic) weights. The gaseous element Hydrogen being the lightest is the first on the table. The heaviest of the 92 natural elements is Uranium and is found last. As other examples, Carbon is number 6, Sodium 14, Chlorine 17, Iron 26, Silver 47, Gold 79, Mercury 80 and Lead 82. Such a table of material elements, listing them in order of their atomic numbers and weights is called a Periodic Table, because there are groups or periods of elements that show similar properties and behavioural patterns. Please note that on a periodic table of today you will find well over a hundred elements listed. All but the first 92 of those are man made or the so called artificially transmuted elements, developed by man only in the second half of this century by nuclear processes termed as artificial transmutation. ENERGY Physicists have also established that the origins of eight out of the nine forms of energy are on the earth. Only the solar energy can be thought to be coming from outside the earth. However, if the broader meaning of 'earth' as used in the Quraan is applied here, it falls in line with the other eight energies. ORIGINS OF ENERGIES Before the origins of all the different forms of energy are discussed, let us first take a good look at what energy is. Energy is defined as the capability of doing work. According to a Physicist work is done when the point of application of a force is moved through a distance. Thus, work is a measurable quantity as the factors involved, force and distance, are measurable quantities. Energy being the capacity to do work, therefore, is also a measurable quantity and is measured in the same units as that of work. The Standard International unit for the measurement of both work and energy is the Joule (J). Nuclear energy is the exception which is measured in electron volts (eV). This should give the reader the feeling for the reason why some forms of energy can be used as very efficient fuels. A brief introductory description about each kind of energy and its seat of origin is may now be taken up. MECHANICAL ENERGY Mechanical energy can be of two types, namely Kinetic and Potential. (a) Kinetic energy: is possessed only by something that is in motion. For this reason it is also called the energy due to motion. A body at rest has no kinetic energy at all, while moving objects have it, whose magnitude increases rapidly with their increasing speed of motion in a particular direction (known as velocity) and their masses. Speaking mathematically , the kinetic energy of a moving object is proportional directly to its mass and the square of its velocity. Thus the kinetic energy of a moving object is given by the relationship K.E = mv2 (J). (m=mass, v=velocity, J= joule)
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(b) Potential energy: the second type of mechanical energy is possessed by an object by virtue of its position in a field of force. In the field of the earth's gravitational force, an object will have potential energy only if it is raised above the surface of the earth. An object on the earth's surface will have zero potential energy. Objects above the earth's surface will possess it depending on their heights above the ground, their masses and the earths acceleration due to gravity. So an objects potential energy is given by the mathematical relationship P. E = mhg (J) (m=mass, h=height above the ground, g= acceleration due to gravity of the earth and J=joule). In simpler words, the higher an object is above ground level, the more potential energy (ability to do work in coming down to ground level) it has stored in it. For this reason this energy is also sometimes called 'stored energy'. To have a more clear knowledge of these two energies, the author presents the following case examples: A parked car has neither kinetic nor potential energy. A moving car has kinetic but no potential energy. A taxied airplane has neither of the two mechanical energies. A taxiing airplane has kinetic energy only. A flying airplane has both kinetic and potential energies. Its total energy possessed is the sum total of its K.E and its P.E, so that the total energy possessed by flying plane is given by the equation: Total Energy = K.E + P.E = mv2 + mhg (J). HEAT ENERGY Heat energy which is admittedly one of the most important energies for the sustenance of life has its origin in the ever vibrating molecules (small particles of which all material objects are made up). That this is so, can be instantly verified by anybody by just rubbing his/her two palms of the hands together and noting the resulting rise of temperature in both palms. In the same process one can also verify the fact that the faster the speed of rubbing, the higher is the rise of temperature as more heat is produced. This is true for all cases of friction. The reader must have read or heard somewhere that extra terrestrial objects traveling toward the earth at great speeds get burnt out as they enter and rub against the air forming the earth's atmosphere. This is due to the very high speed of the incoming object; the frictional heat produced is large enough to burn the object up. These examples must suffice to make the reader agree that the origin of heat energy lies in the molecular motion inside all matter. LIGHT ENERGY Like heat, the origin of light also lies inside a yet smaller particle of matter called the atom. The atom has a central positively charged core called its nucleus. Around the nucleus much tinier negatively charged particles called electrons revolve in circular and elliptical orbits, much as the planets in the solar system revolve round the sun. Electrons in their home orbits can absorb any energy given to the atom by processes like rubbing, beating or boiling. When an electron gets extra energy, it rises from its home orbit and goes to a higher one. After revolving in the higher orbit for some time, that electron of the so called excited atom falls back to its home orbit. In the process of falling down the excited atom sheds the extra energy that it had stored in it while going to the higher orbit, in the form of light the wavelength of which depends upon the energy difference between the orbits involved in the electron jump. The author is sorry to suggest that the reader cannot verify this scientific fact by any simple means as a layman cannot reach the atom and the electrons inside it. So he/she will accept as explained briefly by the author that the origin of light energy lies in the electronic transition between various orbits inside the atom. SOUND ENERGY The production of sound energy, like heat and unlike light, is easily verifiable. Sound energy is produced whenever an object is made to vibrate. However, if the rate of vibrations per second (frequency of vibration) is lower than 20 cycles per second (20 Hertz), the sound produced will not be audible to the human ear. Again, the sound produced will not be detectable by the human ear if the frequency of vibrations is higher than 20,000 Hertz. This means that the range of audible sound is between 20 and 20,000 Hertz. The fact that sound is produced when something vibrates and that the intensity of sound produced increases with increasing frequency of vibrations can be easily verified by anyone anywhere. One could achieve this by using an ordinary ruler made of wood or any other material, and by protruding
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various lengths of the ruler outside a table edge and then setting the ruler to vibrate by striking the free end of it. The intensity of sound produced will be noted to increase with increasing speed of vibrations of the part of the ruler protruding out of the table edge. A non vibrating object will never utter any sound. Human speech is also known to be produced by the vibrations of the vocal chords. MAGNETIC ENERGY As the name suggests this energy is due to magnetism. There are natural and artificially achieved magnets. Each magnet has its own magnetic power. The magnetic energy provided by a magnet is dependent on its power. This fact can be verified by setting up a simple electromagnet. Take a soft iron bar or a longish nail and coil round it a length of an insulated electric wire. Send a small current through the wire by connecting it to a 1.5 V cell. Keep on adding cells in the circuit and you will note that the ability of the resulting electromagnet to attract metallic pins or iron filings increases with the increasing number of cells. The power of an electromagnet can also be increased by increasing the number of coil turns, or by employing a fatter iron core so that the diameter of the coil turns increases. ELECTRICAL ENERGY Electricity is of two kinds, static and current. Static electricity is due to mutual rubbing of two suitable substances. For this reason this kind of electricity is also called frictional electricity. Following are two examples of pairs of substances that are electrified due to mutual rubbing. Glass when rubbed with silk cloth gets positive frictional electricity and silk gets negative electricity. Ebonite when rubbed with fur gets negatively charged, while the fur acquires a positive electric charge. Static electricity is so called because it is a surface phenomenon only and does not give rise to a flow of electricity inside a material. The level of electric charge at which a charged conductor stands is termed as its potential level or voltage, and only when two points on a conductor are at different potentials levels or voltages, shall the static electricity spread over the surface of a conductor. The lightning that comes to the earth from the clouds is frictional or static electricity and is produced due to the mutual rub of two chunks of cloud. It travels to the earth because the cloud gets a large potential level or voltage and the earth is at zero potential level. So the big potential difference drives the static electricity from clouds to the earth. While on way to the earth the big electric charge ionises the air atoms as a result of which intense flashes of light are seen. So the thunder due the collision of clouds is always accompanied by lightening. In the Quraan this phenomenon is referred to as 'thundering and lightning electricity. The second type of electricity is called current electricity and involves the actual flow of electrons inside a conductor when its two ends are at different potential levels that is, when a potential difference exists between them. All the terms used for frictional or static electricity are valid for current electricity as well. Electric currents may be direct or alternating. Such electric currents are popularly known as DC and AC respectively. Both kinds of electricity that is, charge or current, develop a field of force around them and give rise to electrical energy. CHEMICAL ENERGY The source of this energy is a chemical reaction of any kind. Burning substances like carbon, a gas or petrol are simple examples. There can be more complex chemical reaction between substances that can produce large amounts of this energy. NUCLEAR ENERGY The origin of nuclear energy is in the nucleus of an atom. When an atom is split by bombarding it with a neutron accelerated to very high speed, the split parts of it together weigh a little less than the weight of the original atom. Einstein explained this fractional loss of weight saying that it converts into energy. He formulated his famous mass-energy formula for the calculation of the energy released when a fractional mass, m is lost when the atom is split. The formula is: E = mc2 The formula says that if a very small amount of mass m is lost when an atom is split, an amount of energy E, equal to that mass times the square of the velocity of light c, is released. Now, as the velocity of light is a very large number, its square is as many times larger. Thus, a huge amount of energy is given out when
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only one atom is split. Imagine the amount of energy released when atom after atom splits and a chain reaction is set up! The energy thus released is understandably termed as nuclear and it can be used for any purpose good or bad. Unfortunately, when this discovery was made the Second World War was being fought and the use of the newly found energy was considered as a means of mass destruction, and thus the atomic bombs were developed and used. As anyone would expect, the war came to an immediate end. Splitting of an atom into parts is called nuclear fission. This is why the atomic bombs are called fission devices. Even greater amounts of energy are obtained by a process opposite to that of fission. This process involves fusing two atoms together under conditions of very high temperatures indeed. The devices developed under this technique are popularly known as fusion devices or Hydrogen bombs as the atoms fused together are those of Hydrogen. An atom bomb is used as a trigger to generate the high temperatures needed to fuse together the two Hydrogen atoms for acheiving the Hydrogen bomb! SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy comes from the sun. The sun is a gigantic mass of gases. In it are Hydrogen, Helium and their isotopes, the ingredients of nuclear fission and fusion. The processes are going on all the time in the sun and there are millions of atomic and hydrogen bomb type explosions taking place inside the mass of the sun every second. The vast amount of energy released is radiated out into space in all directions. We receive this energy on the earth because it propagates in electromagnetic waves that can travel both through vacuum and material atmosphere. The amount of energy coming to us from the sun is of the order of 80;000 Joules per meter square per minute or some 1340 Watt per meter square. Physicists call this the solar constant. The electromagnetic radiation of the sun comes to us in all possible wavelengths (ranging from very small to very large), traveling through 150 kilometres of space at the velocity of light. Only a very small range of the whole electromagnetic radiation is detectable to the human eye. This range is known as the visible region. Other regions are in order of their penetration powers: Gamma rays, X rays, Ultraviolet rays, Infrared rays, microwaves and Radio waves. The following chart known as the Solar Spectrum shows them at a glance. It would be noticed how tiny a region of wavelengths is seen by the human eye compared to the full range of radiation emitted by the sun. The waves in this visible region make up what physicists term as White Light, although it comprises of seven colours.
Radio Waves
The solar energy coming to the earth is tapped by the scientists by using large concave mirrors to focus the incoming rays on to an array of solar cells called a solar panel that stores and directs the energy to turbines etc. Solar panels are also used on rooftops for the purpose of central heating fuelled by solar energy. The author concludes this chapter by giving a summary of the origins of all the nine available energies below:
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MECHANICAL ENERGY:
(a) The origin of Kinetic energy lies in the linear motion of an object as a whole. (b) The origin of the Potential energy lies in the position or state of an object in a field of force. The origin of Heat energy lies in the molecular motion inside an object.
HEAT ENERGY: LIGHT ENERGY:
The origin of Light energy lies in the electron jumps from higher to lower orbits inside the atoms of objects. The origin of Sound energy lies in the vibrations given to an object. The origin of Magnetic energy lies inside a magnet due to polarisation of its internal
SOUND ENERGY:
MAGNETIC ENERGY:
molecules.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
The origin of Electrical energy lies in the electrons inside the atoms of an object which either spread on the surface due to excitation (giving rise to static electricity) or flow inside matter under a potential difference (giving rise to current electricity). The origin of chemical energy lies inside some objects which easily render themselves chemically active and release this energy in their chemical reactions, like coal and some gases do when burning. The origin of Nuclear energy lies inside the nuclei of the atoms of an object and can be tapped by the processes of controlled fission or fusion of atoms.
CHEMICAL ENERGY:
NUCLEAR ENERGY:
The origin of the solar energy lies in the continuous fission and fusion processes going on in the atoms of the elements making up the mass of the sun. Although the origin of solar energy lies inside the sun but it, again, is available to us on the earth where as explained above we can store and use it like all other energies. Thus as revealed in the Quraan, all matter and energy is available to us on earth. There are more verses related to the topic of matter and energy in the Quraan. Some of those will be discussed with extra implicit verses. The author will suffice here quoting just a few more verses for the reference of the keener reader: 6:1, 7:24, 14:37, 15:21, 20:118, 24:43, 25:48, 25:49, 41:10, and 55.
SOLAR ENERGY:
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 14: Physics-II
CHAPTER 14 PHYSICS - 2 CLASSICAL PHYSICS-1

THE GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER The Quraan has a vast number of verses about Classical Physics, which comprises of the study of the General Properties of Matter, Heat, Light, Sound, Magnetism and Electricity. It also covers the early development of electronics. The first formal branch of Physics formerly known as Mechanics and Dynamics is now termed the General Properties of Matter, which actually is more representative of the study carried out in it. The other branches of Physics namely, Heat, Light, Sound, Magnetism and Electricity carry out the detailed study of the energies found on earth, whose seats of origin we have been discussing in the previous chapter. The author will discuss verses from the Quraan relevant to the general properties of matter in this chapter. The rest of the topics mentioned above will come under discussion in the next chapter titled Classical Physics-2. The verses will not be presented in their chronological order in the Quraan. Instead, they will be discussed in order of the topics covered by the various branches of study in the wider topic of the general properties of matter. THE GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER States of matter: - This topic has been discussed in the last chapter on 'Matter and Energy' and in some earlier chapters under the discussion of the 'water cycle'. Interested readers may refer to verses .2:22, 13:12, 23:18 and 24:43 in which they will find, apart from other pointers, the mention of all the states of water Forces and fields of forces: A physicist comes across forces in many forms. He studies them and formulates laws and develops formulae about them in simple mathematical terms. The physicist has his own terminology and often refers to Forces as Tensions. The following sub- topics are dealt with under the topic of forces, and the author will make an attempt to show the reader the verses revealed by God in the Quraan that directly or indirectly point to these sub topics: Kinds of Forces; e.g., forces of pull and push; actions and reactions; force of local gravity; force of universal gravitation; attraction and repulsion; force on a body moving with an increasing or decreasing velocity along a straight line; force on a body moving in a circle; forces of molecular attraction; electromagnetic forces; nuclear forces; binding forces, fields of forces and allied sub- topics. Before we have a look at the relevant verses in the Quraan, let us take a look at qualitative and quantitative definitions that the physicist attributes to force. The qualitative definition of force: 'A force is that which when applied to a point, moves the point of application in a direction in which the force is applied, with an acceleration The quantitative definition of force: 'If a force of 'F' newton is applied to a mass of 'm' kilogram, it will accelerate the mass in the direction of application of the force with an acceleration of a meter per second squared. Based on this (quantitative) definition of force it can be easily shown that a force is equal to the product of the mass on which it is applied (which must move as a result) and the numerical value of the acceleration produced in the mass in the direction of application of the force. That is, F=ma (force applied equals mass times the acceleration produced). From the above simple relationship, it is very easy to calculate the numerical value of any of the three quantities involved when the numerical values of the other two are known. Out of the above seemingly technical information the reader should only keep the following points in mind: (i) That a force applied to an object must move or displace the object. (ii) That an object under an applied force does not move with a constant speed, but has an acceleration (Increasing or decreasing velocity). It means that an object moving with a constant velocity has no force
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acting on it. (iii) That the force applied is numerically given by the product of the mass of the object and the acceleration given to it by the applied force in its own direction. (iv) That a force is a vector quantity. That is, apart from its size, it always has a direction of action, which is involved in all relevant calculations. (v) That an object under the action of more than one force may remain stationary if the resultant effect of the applied forces is zero. For example, the resultant effect of two equal and opposite forces is zero. (vi) That a stationary or moving object may be acted upon simultaneously by several forces acting in different directions and still its state of balance or what the physicists term as "equilibrium" may not be disturbed, provided the magnitudes as well as directions of the forces acting on it obey a simple law that renders their net resultant effect zero. Thus an object on the surface of the earth, or floating in space, may be under the action of several forces in different directions due to one or more objects present around it and yet it may keep its equilibrium or state of balance. The reader may be aware of the fact that the existence of some planets was predicted long before they were actually discovered. This was possible because when physicists and astronomers calculated all the known forces on an existing planet from all the sources influencing it, they came to the conclusion that a force of such and such magnitude and direction should also be contributed to it by some other object which is not accounted for. The details were calculated for the required force which enabled them to predict the size and position of an hitherto undiscovered object which could be a new moon, planet or star. After years of painstaking search the new planet was discovered that matched the predicted coordinates. With this background information, we now go on to see what the Quraan contains relevant to this field of discussion. Like all the other fields of science seen so far, there are a large number of Quraanic verses that carry explicit or implicit information pertaining to this one as well. The author, however, will be able to discuss only a few of those here. The keen readers will be referred to more verses as usual, which they can study for themselves. One more point before we start discussing the relevant verses. It cannot be over emphasized that, since the Quraan is not a textbook for any of the sciences, the readers will not see specific forces named or their sizes and directions mentioned therein. The reader might have to exercise careful thought to appreciate the information contained in an implicit verse. The author will only make an attempt, through his brief discussions, to prompt the reader toward such pondering. 41:12 "Then He ordained them seven heavens in two periods of time1, and He assigned each heaven its mandate by Revelation2. And We adorned the lower heaven with illuminaries3 and provided it with a guard4. Such is the decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing5". 1. This part of the verse only tells that God created seven heavens (skies) in two periods of time, and this part will be discussed at length in the chapter on creation. 2. This is the most important part of this verse to look at. It is revealed elsewhere in the Quraan that when God intends to create something, He tells it to 'be' and it is! This implies that when God tells something to 'be', He reveals (included in God's telling) all the design and laws by which the ordained thing will come into being, as well as the functions of its existence and laws it will obey during its functioning. Here this part of the verse under discussion clearly endorses this way of God creating things. Out of the seven skies that were created in two periods of time, the first or the lower one was made the container of the earth and all the allied galaxies, and was in turn to be encircled or contained by the second sky. As such it will have to exchange forces of balance with the great objects on either of its sides. Similarly the second and all subsequent skies would exchange forces of balance with the skies below and above them. This was, according to this part of the verse, clearly revealed by God to the first sky and all the other six during their creation. And since in the verses there are pointers only and the rest has been left for man to ponder on, a scientifically oriented thinker will reach the conclusion that the details revealed by God of a sky being created will include the exact magnitudes and directions of all the possible forces it will exchange for its state of balance or equilibrium. 3. Some of the marvelous objects with which the lower (first of the seven) sky was ordained to enter such an exchange of forces with have been mentioned here as the 'luminaries'. Everyone can recognise them as the stars, planets and their moons that illuminate the first sky at night. Some of those luminous
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objects radiate their own light, while others shine by reflecting the light coming to them from the self luminous ones. 4. Note the small sentence 'And provided it with a guard'. This very implicitly reveals that the forces of exchange mentioned above and any other laws mandated by God for the lower sky to obey and uphold for its stable existence, are a guarantee for its stability and equilibrium. This is like a lifelong guard that will ensure their safe and stable endurance for the life term they have been created for. No event or happening, other than that from the Creator Himself would ever upset this guard to disturb that system and its functions. 5. The important word to note in this part is 'decree'. This word clearly points towards the design and terms of reference revealed by God to all things at the time of their creation. At the same time, it is revealed that this decree is from one Who is Almighty and All-Knowing, so that none can ever undo or disturb by the slightest degree what He ordained. 55:7 "And the sky God raised it high1, and established the due balance2." 1, 2. In this small Quraanic verse, two pieces of information are contained that are worthy of deep thought and discussion. In this first one, it is said that God raised the sky high. If the height to which the sky is raised above the earth's level were an ordinary one, fathomable by man or any of his technologies, it would not be worth mentioning at all. In cosmological measurements inter galactic and inter-object distances are so great that the smallest unit for their measurement is the 'light year' which is the distance light energy travels in one year at the rate of 186,000 miles per second. The lower sky is such a great distance above the central congregation of galaxies that these distances cannot be worked out in light years. Hence the scientist or the mathematician leaves such distances by calling them immeasurable or infinite. Yet the sky should exchange forces with objects that are around it on either side (however distant away they might be from it) according to the well established law of Universal Gravitation. This exchange of forces is such that a permanent and undisturbed equilibrium is set up that is mentioned by God as due balance in the above verse. 55:8 "That you may not transgress the due balance1." 1. This verse's location in the Quraan is next to the one discussed above. What has been said in this one may be interpreted in all of these ways: (a) That God has raised the sky system to distances so great for men that in spite of all his technological advances he may never reach those distances to try and disturb the due balance divinely established. (b) That God has so ordained the masses, magnitude and directions of forces of exchange that the due balance established by Him may never be disturbed, whatever man does. That man has been warned not to attempt to disturb the due balance established by God. It will be a futile attempt. The author now presents verses that point to other kinds of forces confirmed by physicists: Force of earth's gravity and acceleration due to gravity: 77:25 " Have We not made the earth a receptacle1?" 1. The Arabic word whose translation has been given as a receptacle here has been translated by various scholars of repute in English and other languages as well. The author presents here a small selection for the reader's benefit: (i) Abdullah Yusuf Ali has translated as (a place) to draw together, (English) (ii) Moulana Moududi has translated it as 'which gathers and keeps together' (Urdu) (Iii) Pikthal has translated it as a receptacle, (English) (1v) Dr M. Mohsin Khan and Dr T. U Hilali also translate it as a receptacle.(English) (v) Dr Ahmad and Dina Zidan have translated it as a receptacle as well. (English)
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The New Chambers English Dictionary (1999) gives the meaning of the word receptacle as 'anything which can receive and store anything'. And finally, the Arabic-English 'University Dictionary' titled 'Qamoos Al Jamea' by Maan Z. Medina gives the translation of the Arabic verb whose qualifying derivative has appeared in the verse above as to draw to oneself All the above translations lead to the conclusion that the above verse reveals beyond doubt that the earth has been so created by God that it has the ability of drawing things toward its centre. That is, any object dropped from any height above its surface will accelerate and fall on the surface of the earth. This is why the famous Mathematician-Physicist Isaac Newton saw that famous apple falling to earth when it detached from the branch it was on. Further, it is by virtue of this ability of the earth (and of all other planets and large sized objects), that they can keep their atmospheres (if any) from deserting them. It is also now easy to see in the light of this Quraanic revelation, that the planet earth has been given by the Creator an ability to pull things towards itself at the time of its coming into being. The physicists call this original property of the earth as its 'force of gravity', and the increase in speed that this force causes objects in suspension or free fall to attain when being drawn toward the earth, as the 'acceleration due to gravity'. Man was also desirous of flying in the air and escaping into space for a very long time. Escaping into space meant defying the earth's gravity, and man did not have this power for centuries. When the laws and principles of Physics had been well established, scientists calculated that to escape from the earth's gravity, a body needed to leave the earth at an initial velocity of 11 miles per second. Mankind just did not have the means to achieve such an astounding initial velocity until very recently. The following Quraanic verse suggests that man and jinn folk would not be able to achieve this feat, but by God granted 'Power'. That capability/authority/power was to be granted to man only in the second half of the twentieth century. Scientists were able to muster the initial velocity of escape from earth's gravity and conquer space (to some extent yet). In the late 1960's man landed on the earth's moon, and soon other space journeys began to be undertaken: 55:33"O assembly of Jinn and mankind1, if you can penetrate the regions of heavens and the earth, then penetrate them2! You will not penetrate them except with a Power/Authority3". 1. Jinns were pre-man species created by God. According to the Quraan, they were created from fire. The infamous Satan with the name of Iblees (Lucifer) who was so pious that he was privileged to join the angels' assembly, and who disobeyed God by refusing to bow to Adam, was a Jinn. He was ordered to descend to earth with Adam and Eve, so this verse addresses them together. 2. This was God's challenge to both Jinns and men alike that if they thought that they were self sufficient in intelligence then they should show Him that they could penetrate the regions of the heavens and the earth. Then God tells both the intelligent species that they will not be able to meet this challenge until the Power needed to do so will be with them. 3. Ponderers and commentators on the Quraan regard the 'regions of heavens and earth' as the open space and interpret 'Power' as the development of technology and the necessary expertise. Such Power will only come to them when God will grant it, and it was granted as late as the second half of the twentieth century after Christ. Apart from having the force of gravity, the physicists have established that the earth is a large magnet with its North and South magnetic poles, which are not the same as its North and South geographic poles. The earth's globe actually behaves like a gigantic magnet with its magnetic field resembling that of any bar magnet with lines of force issuing from its N-pole and curling into the S-pole. Upthrust of water and loss of weight under water; law of flotation: For centuries man has been asking himself the question why a small piece of metal sinks in water while large ships made of tons of metal float on it. The answer was established by physicists around the end of the 19th century only. The secret was first revealed when the famous Greek scientist Archimedes accidentally stumbled on the discovery that an object immersed in water, displaces an amount of water equal to its own volume. This he later found true when he replaced water by any other fluid. The finding was announced as Archimedes's principle that formed the law of flotation that can be stated as:
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'A floating object displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it floats.' Floating may be understood by the simple explanation of the law of flotation. (a) When an object of density less than water is put on the surface of water it sinks until the weight of water displaced is exactly equal to its own weight. It then floats. (b) This means that if an object of density greater than that of water is flattened or given a shape such that when put in water it displaces more and more water, then a stage would come when the weight of the water displaced will equal the weight of the object itself and it will float. (c) The law of flotation can also be stated and understood in terms of the upthrust of water (and other fluids). Upthrust of a fluid is the upward force on an object that is immersed in it. It is due to this ability of fluids to exert an upthrust on bodies immersed in them that objects appear to lose some weight in a fluid and feel lighter than they actually are. The upthrust can be easily shown to be equal to the weight of the liquid displaced. Hence the law of flotation can be given the simpler wording that an object will float on a fluid when the upthrust of the liquid equals the weight of the floating object. In the Quraan, there are a number of verses about making boats and building ships and using them to explore seas and oceans for finding sustenance and for communication. The main inspiration for Muslim shipbuilders must be coming from verses 11:36 to 11:44 in which God narrates how He enabled Noah, through His revelation, to build a large boat (Noah's Ark) from wooden planks and iron nails 'under His Eyes', which sailed through the high flood tides like a mountain. The phrase 'Under Gods eye' points strongly toward the fact that God was all the time watchful that the law of flotation was fulfilled in the construction of the Ark, and never violated during its sailing. That is, God saw to it that the boat (Noah's Ark) always displaced an amount of water whose weight equalled the combined weight of the Ark and its contents. Force and Pressure exerted by winds: Like all fluids, air and winds also exert upthrust on objects that are immersed in them. Apart from upthrust, which is a reactionary upward force, winds exert a force in the direction they blow on any object coming their way. If the object has a large area over which the wind exerts force, then the object is under wind pressure. The relationship between the wind force, the area over which it is exerted, and the resulting wind pressure is given by Pressure = force/area So that the smaller the area, the bigger the pressure. This fact is made use of in ships and boats without power engines by employing a series of tough cloth sails. God tells in the verses presented below that the laws men are making use of are from Him. 42:32"And His signs are the ships that sail on the sea like landmarks". 42:33 "If He pleases He can still the wind, and they remain motionless on its back1, surely in this are signs for patiently enduring and thankful ones". 1. When there is no wind there will be no pushing force and no forward pressure on the sails. Thus physics establishes the Truth of what has been said in the verse above. Force on an object moving in circle: The reader will remember coming across the formula Force = Mass x Acceleration. Acceleration, like force is a vector quantity. A vector has a magnitude as well as direction, and both of these take part in any calculation on the vector quantity. When an object moves along a circle, even with a fixed speed, its direction changes at every instant. Change of direction means its velocity is changing all the time which in turn means acceleration is present. Thus a body in circular motion has always an acceleration directed towards the centre of the circle. So a force is always acting on it equal to the product of its mass and the acceleration present. In the Quraan cases of the motions of the moon and the sun are referred to in several verses. The verses 91:1, 2 are representative of such verses, but the detailed implication involved will be discussed in the next section of Extra Implicit Verses.
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Action and reaction: The great scientist Isaac Newton put this great finding in a very simple looking statement. That to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This simply means that wherever a force acts, an effective reactionary force of the same magnitude comes into play at that point of application of the force, but in the opposite direction. An example of this is the upward tension in a rope with one end tied to a point in the ceiling and a weight suspended from the other; measurements reveal that the upward tension is numerically equal to the weight acting downward. Backward strokes applied by a swimmer to swim forward, the bird fluttering its wings down to get an upward lift, centrifugal force developing as a reaction to a centripetal force are other examples of action and reaction. The following verse relates to one of the above examples suggesting once again that the principles and laws according to which nature works are all mandated by God. Man can only discover them by pondering and research as Isaac Newton did. 16:79 "Do they not look at the birds subjected in the atmosphere of the sky? None can hold them up except God1; surely in this are signs for people who believe". 1. This part points to the fact that all laws of nature like the action and reaction of forces are designed and promulgated by God. The bird is held up through the fluttering of its wings in order to benefit from the principle of action and reaction. Thus it is easy to see that God the Designer-Promulgator of laws also reveals them to His creatures concerned. There are more forces, like turning forces, centripetal and centrifugal forces and the force of surface tension and universal gravitation etc. These the reader will find discussed in the section of extra implicit verses.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 15: Physics-III
CHAPTER 15 PHYSICS-III
CLASSICAL PHYSICS-2 AND MODERN PHYSICS (REMAINDER OF THE PROPERTIES 0F MATTER, HEAT, LIGHT, SOUND, ELECTRICITY AND TOPICS OF MODERN PHYSICS) In the last chapter, space was only available for the discussion of Forces and Fields of forces. The author now ventures to present and discuss verses from the Quraan about some of the remaining topics from the general properties of matter. Again, the discussion will be in the order of topics discussed and not in the chronological order of the Quraanic verses: NEEAR ROUNDNESS OF THE EARTH AND ITS MEAN DENSITY Physical substances are recognised by their densities. Valuable information can be obtained by comparing their densities. Physicists define the density of a substance as the ratio of its Mass to its Volume. That is, one unit of the substance's density expressed in kg/cubic meter can be arrived at by dividing one unit of its mass (1 kg) by one unit of its volume (1 cubic meter). Or, Density = Mass/Volume. A substance can be of a uniform density throughout, or it can be of a non-uniform density, that is, it can have different densities over its different parts. The uniformity or non uniformity of density of an object will matter greatly if that object is in motion, particularly so, if the object is round and it is describing motion along a circular or elliptical path. The planets including the earth and their moons are such objects. The Quraan does not speak of their densities directly but points to their mean densities particularly that of the earth, as the addressees of the Quraan live on it. The author presents some representative verses about this: 79:30 "After that God shaped the earth like an egg1"; 1. This is the translation of this verse by Dr and Mrs. Ahmed Zidan. The translation given by Abullah Yusuf Ali reads: "And the earth, moreover, Hath He extended (to a wider expanse). In the latter's translation, the phrase provided in parenthesis suggests to the deep thinker that the translator probably sees the earths surface extended or given a vast expanse by the Creator, as a glass blower gives to his creations with round surfaces, or as when the outer surface of a toy balloon or a football spreads out spherically when blown into. Dr and Dina Zidan however, have taken a more explicit approach in their translation. Both the implicit and explicit translations lead us to believe that according to a revelation from God, the earth is round but not a perfect sphere. Physicists and geographers have verified and established this fact. Those readers who are still of the belief that the earth is flat and not round should take note of this verse. Physicists have also measured the density of the earth at various points and have established that the earth has different densities at different locations. Physicists also give the earth a mean density, which is the total mass of the earth divided by its total volume. But having a mean density is not the same as having a uniform density throughout. Yet it is the latter which is so important for the earth's motion around the sun. So the Creator provides it with the much needed uniform density by placing mountains of appropriate masses firmly at points where the earth's density happens to be low compared to its overall mean density. This is revealed in the verse quoted below:
79:32 " And the mountains God has fixed them firm1". 1. Readers, who have a habit of pondering on the implicit Quraanic verses as they read them or their translation, should now think hard as to why there are mountains in some particular locations on the earth's surface, and none at others.
21:31 "And We have placed in the ground mountains standing firm1, lest it should shake with them2, and We have made therein broad highways (valleys) that they may find their way (guidance)".
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Wherever God has mentioned putting mountains on the earth, He has said that they have been fixed firmly. This revelation is of far reaching significance from the scientific point of view. Since they have been set up by God at strategic places for a specific reason, that is, to give the earth a uniform density, setting them to stand firm should mean that their depths below the ground level, heights above, spans and masses are all pre ordained by Him for the purposes He created them for, and that they should be immovable with respect to their surroundings. 2. This part of the verse says that if the mountains were not placed at the places where they are (and with their data pre calculated and ordained), the earth would shake with them. This is pretty difficult information for the layman to digest. The author will forward a very popular but scientific example to explain. Most of us have owned cars and driven them at some stage of our lives. Most of the car drivers may actually have gone through the wheel wobbling experience, and taken the car to a garage to get the problem fixed. The mechanic knows well the problem has appeared because the wheels have developed what the garage mechanics term as non-alignment.The so called non-alignments real cause is actually that the overall mass distribution of the wheel/s has gone non-uniform. The mass of a wheel is made up of the metal rim, the rubber material and the air inside its inner tube. The mechanic at the garage spins the wheel freely on an axle and after careful checking, fixes blocks of Lead wherever he finds the locations giving rise to what he recognises as non-alignment. The non alignment, according to the physicist is due to any of the materials making up the wheel developing non-uniformity of mass distribution (non uniform density) over the entire wheel. After fixing every piece of Lead he spins the wheel freely and checks again until the non alignment is corrected. The mechanics process has actually rendered the mass distribution of the wheel uniform. The wheel wobbles no more and the car is stable and safe again. The earth is also a spherical mass that carries out a revolving and spinning motion in its orbit around the sun and about its own axis. If God did not place appropriate weights at specifically required points to give it a uniform mass distribution or density, it would wobble with whatever is on its surface. Thus the seemingly indigestible verse is in complete conformity with the laws already discovered by the physicist. 31:10 "He created the skies without any pillars that you can see, and He set mountains on the earth standing firm1, lest it should shake (wobble) with you2, and He scattered on it all kinds of beasts and We sent down water from the sky, and caused to grow in it all noble varieties in pairs". 1, 2: This is yet another verse that speaks of the firm placement of mountains on the earth becuse it would wobble without them. God has said in 41:53 that the messages of His verses will soon become abundantly clear to man. This is a pointer towards the fact that when man carries out his researches in pursuit of knowledge, he will verify the Truth of His verses. Physicists, geographers, geologists, Chemists, Botanists and Zoologists have actually done so. The only difference between the message here and the one before is that here God addresses man and tells him that in the absence of mountains placed firmly where they are, the earth would shake (wobble) with you. Please note that both this message and the one in part 1 of the verse quoted above are true because men as well as mountains themselves are among the objects on the earth's surface, and should the earth wobble, it would do so with all its contents. GRAVITATION Gravitation is different to gravity. The latter is a force of pull by a single object due to its mass and size, while the former is force of pull mutually exchanged by any two or more objects regardless of their sizes or the distances they happen to be apart. That is, any two or more objects situated anywhere in the universe exchange a force of mutual attraction. The mutual force of attraction exchanged is known as the force of Gravitation. This force is attributed to Isaac Newton, who identified the factors on which this force depends and formulated a law about them that is famously known as Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. According to Newton's findings, the force of universal gravitation between any two objects: Is proportional directly to the product of the masses of the two objects, Is proportional indirectly (inversely) to the square of the distance between them. Thus if F is the gravitational force, measured in the International unit of its measurement called newton (N), exchanged mutually by two objects of masses m and M measured in kilogram (kg) each, and if d is the distance between the locations of the two objects in the universe and measured in meter (m), then: F = a constant of proportionality x mM/d2 (N)
1.
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The constant of proportionality is denoted by G has a numerical value of 6.673 x 10 Nm2 / kg2 and as a token of respect to Newton is called the Newton's constant of universal gravitation. Thus writing G for the constant of proportionality, Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation becomes: F = GmM/d2 (N) The force of gravitation plays a paramount part in understanding the motion of the planets and their moons in their respective orbits, and in understanding how man can launch artificial satellites into space and make them orbit where he wills. This will be seen at length in the next section. The author will only show here that there is revelation in the Quraan pointing to the force of gravitation. Verse 55:33 that we discussed while talking about the Power needed to escape the earth's pull of gravity, has implicitly pointed towards gravitation also and verses 79:6 and 7 talk of the final chaos when the forces of balance will be disrupted. These verses will also be taken up for discussion in the next section. HEAT Molecular Vibrations: It was shown in chapter ten on 'matter and energy' that Heat is one of the nine energies we are living with on earth. It was discussed that this energy is due to the vibratory motion of the molecules inside matter. As the author keeps stressing the Quraan is not a textbook of any of the sciences, it reveals only clues and pointers about the laws and principles God ordained, according to which His created universe will run. The molecular motion is a universal phenomenon, but the motion, though simple it might sound, is too highly complicated to be explained here. Suffice it to say that the molecular motion is a Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M) in which there is a simple mathematical relationship between its time, displacement and what the physicists and mathematicians call the phase angle. In simpler words, it is a Periodic Motion that repeats its cycles at fixed intervals of time called its Period. Readers who are alien to these terms may take it for granted that the simple harmonic or periodic motion is a motion severely restricted and governed by mathematical conditions that must be fulfilled by the motion throughout its tenure. Such a motion can be in the form of vibrations along a straight line like those executed by a tuning forks prongs, oscillations along an arc of a circle like those executed by the pendulum of a wall clock or revolutions along the circumference of a circle like that executed by an electron around the nucleus of an atom or that of the earth executed round the sun. The most general form of a simple harmonic or periodic motion is the motion of a point along the circumference of a circle from which the other forms stem. As the motion is a special one, the Quraanic verses that point toward it are extra implicit. The author will, therefore, present and discuss all verses in the next section where he will first attempt a simplified description of the S.H.M, and introduce some very interesting phenomena based on it. Readers, who are familiar with S.H.M, probably would not like to wait until then. For them the author quotes below some of the verses he intends to discuss in the next section. Let the enthusiasts try to ponder on them before they read their discussions in the next section: 3:83; 13:13; 16:49; 20:102,105; 21:79,:81,104; 38:18,19; and 45:13. FRICTION Friction comes about when one material surface moves in contact with another. In simpler words friction is produced when one material surface rubs against another. According to Physics, friction is a force that always opposes the motion that causes it. When frictional force is present, a lot of heat energy accompanies it. The heat produced depends on the amount of friction that is producing it, which in turn depends on factors like the speed of motion and the area of contact between the two surfaces. There are several verses in the Quraan that point to frictional forces and the resulting heat produced. The author presents just three of them here: 55:35 "There will be sent upon you a flame of fire, and molten brass1, and you shall not be helped". 1. This clearly points toward a meteorite that burns when it enters the earths atmosphere due to frictional force offered by the atmosphere, and the flame that ensues due to heat of friction can be seen from the earth. 100:1 "By the snorting coursers",
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100:2 "Then those striking sparks of fire1"; 1. This refers to the frictional sparks produced when charging horses strike their hoofs with metal horseshoos against hard stony grounds. The reader must be familiar with similar frictional sparks providing a flame in cigarette lighters. LIGHT Light and Darkness: According to Physicists light is a kind of energy detectable by the eye and hence enabling one to see. Darkness, on the other hand, is not an entity on its own, but it is the absence of light. However, as one cannot see in the dark, it has a seeming existence for us. We often see light and darkness side by side at two neighbouring places. The scientist explains this by saying that when light disappears from a place it merely shifts to some neighbouring place! Anyway, let us agree that where there is light, there is darkness, or vice versa. For example, we speak of 'light at the end of a tunnel (i.e. darkness in the tunnel itself). The student of Quraan would see light and darkness as one of the pairs God has designed His creations in. In fact the Quraan has verses relevant to our notions of light and darkness as well as endorsing the scientist's. The following are but a few of such verses: 2:17 " Their similitude is like that of ones who lit a fire; when it lighted all around them, God took away their light and left them in utter darkness, where they cannot see1"; 1. In this part of this verse God endorses the scientists finding that the disappearance of light is the appearance of darkness, or putting it the other way round, the scientist has confirmed, after so many centuries, the Truth of a Quraanic revelation. The following verses of the Quraan are also worth consideration in this regard. The author leaves the reader wth his/her own pondering. 2:19 "Or like a cloudburst from the sky in which are darkness, thunder and lightning; they press their fingers in their ears to keep out of the stunning thunder-clap, for fear of death, but God ever encompasses the unbelievers"; 2:20 "The lightning almost snatches away their sight, as often as it flashes, they walk therein, and when the darkness grows on them, they stand still. And if God pleased, He could take away their faculty of hearing and seeing; indeed God has power over all things". 57:9 "God is the One Who reveals upon His servants manifest revelations, that He may bring you out of darkness into the light, surely God is to you compassionate, most merciful". Shadows: Physicists have long established the straight line propagation (in rays) as well as the electromagnetic sinusoidal propagation (waves) of light. The shadow cast when objects come in the path of light is explained by its straight line or ray propagation. As shown in the simple diagrams below, depending upon the sizes of the source of light and the object interposed in its path, we can have regions of total shadow (umbra) and partial shadow (penumbra). The eclipses of the moon and the sun are explained on these lines and are shown to have regions of total eclipse (umbra) and partial eclipse (penumbra). See the diagrams below.
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The Quraan has a number of verses about shadows and about the eclipses that prompted the early Muslim scientists to develop details of shadow formation including explanations of eclipses long before they became part of classical physics textbooks. The Quraan even points to the advanced laser imagery, a three dimensional image formation known as Holography. The author quotes here just a few verses representative of these ideas: 75:7 "So when the sight is dazed"; 75:8 "And the moon is eclipsed"; 77:29 "It will be said, 'Depart to that which you use to reject";
77:30 "Depart to the shadow of smoke falling in three-fold";
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THE DETECTION LIMITS OF SOUND AND LIGHT FOR MAN Physicists have established that there are limits to the human eye for detecting light as well as in the human ear for detecting sound. The human eye can detect wavelengths of light of the order of 10 meters only, while the human ear can detect sounds of frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hertz only. In both cases when the energy approaches the limits of the detectable range, the eye or the ear, as the case may be, then start to suffer severe strains. This is the message of verse 2:20 in the Quraan which was discussed earlier, and whose translation is given here again: "The lightning almost snatches away their sight, as often as it flashes, they walk therein, and when the darkness grows on them, they stand still. And if God pleased, He could take away their faculty of hearing and seeing; indeed God has power over all things". SOUND The reader will remember that Sound is an energy produced by vibrating objects. This energy is detectable by the human ear as long as the frequency of vibration is within the audible range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hertz. If the frequency of vibration giving rise to the sound is below or above this range, the sound produced is sub sonic or supersonic and cannot be detected by the human ear. Again, just as when the intensity of light energy is very high, the human eye tends to go blind, the ear tends to go deaf when the sound energy is of very high intensity. The Quraan has a number of verses pointing to the frequency ranges, intensity, detection and wave nature of sound. The following is a selection: Detection of sound and the range of detection: Please see the detection limits of light (and sound energies) above. The supersonic sound and the Sonic Boom: With the advent of the Concorde jetliner which flies at supersonic speeds, the reader may be familiar with the Sonic Boom. When sound crosses the sonic 'barrier' the boom that ensues shatter glass panes of the houses below. This highly scientific phenomenon was used by God to punish whole nations for their persistent arrogance. The relevant verses translated by three different renowned scholars are quoted below: 54:31 "Surely We sent against them one Cry, and they became as the dry twigs of a pen-builder". (Dr & Mrs. Zidan.) "For we sent against them a single Mighty Blast, and they became like the dry stubble used by one who pens cattle". (Abdullah Yusuf Ali). "Lo We sent upon them a single Shout, and they became as the dry twigs (rejected by) the builder of a cattle fold". (Pickthall). Verily, We sent against them a single saihah (torment - awful cry) and they became like the stubble of a fold-builder. (Dr Mohsin Khan and Dr T U D Hilali). Other wave phenomenon of Sound: Some of the other phenomena of sound are due to the wave nature of this energy. These are reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction and resonance. These properties of sound give rise to interesting practical sound effects, like echoes, reverberation, beats and constructive resonance (synchronization of many sound notes). The following verses point toward some of these: 38:18 "And We subjected the mountains to give glory with him ( David ) in the evening and the sunrise". 38:19 "and the birds gathered and all turned to praise God" (in unison with David). Please note that the destructive resonance of sound waves will be dealt with in the next section on the End of the Universe.
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ELECTRICIY The verses of the Quraan about frictional or static electricity, which later led to the development of current electricity and electronics, have been discussed by the author in chapter 10. Further verses will be discussed in the next section. MODERN PHYSICS Modern Physics encompasses the most recent discoveries and developments in physics. These have come about mainly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most of them in the twentieth. The fields of research in Modern Physics are broadly, Molecular and Atomic Structure, Nuclear Physics and Space Physics and the Origin of the Universe. The Quraan has much to say about these topics which will be thoroughly discussed in the coming chapters. MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE: According to the pioneers of early Modern Physics, all matter is made up of tiny particles known as Molecules which cannot be seen by the naked eye. These molecules have already been mentioned when we were talking about the origin of Heat. The original postulations about the molecule included the following: i. ii. iii. iv. v. They are tiny round particles, They are always in a state of motion, Their motion is Simple Harmonic (vibratory), They attract each other, and The direction and speed of an individual molecule at any instant of time is unpredictable.
The degree of freedom with which a molecule can execute its motion inside a substance explains the three states of matter, it being the least in solids and the most in gases. Thus, phenomena such as the generation and transference of heat energy, the three states in which matter is found at ordinary temperatures, the inter state changes in matter, boiling, evaporation and many more can easily be explained on the basis of the molecular structure of matter. Consequently it becomes easier for a seeker of true knowledge to understand why The Creator of all things has mandated this perpetual motion to all matter and energy. One of the primary but divine reasons for the simple harmonic or periodic motion mandated to everything will be discussed at length in the next section. Verses from the Quraan pointing towards the phenomena of modern physics like the Special Radiations, Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics fall under the class of extra-implicit verses and will also be discussed in the next section.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 16: Psychology (Human)
CHAPTER 16 PSYCHOLOGY (HUMAN)

Human behavioural patterns, his in-built instincts, his susceptibility to developing habits, his multifarious complexes that govern his attitudes on life and the multitude of his faculties have also been studied and developed as a systematic science, known as Psychology. A psychologist can examine/interview a human being and prepare a chart of his/her thinking trends, mental state and general behavioural pattern, and then on the basis of laws established in psychology, can offer appropriate opinion, advice and/or treatment. This science is widely used in criminal investigations, treating a mental patient and providing counsel and therapies at reform centres and psychiatric clinics. Nowadays, almost all hospitals have such clinics that are as busy as any other. The reader is reminded of discussions in some previous chapters of this book that according to the revelations in the Quraan, man is the third creature of God after the Angels and the Jinns. He was created to act as vicegerent of God on the earth and as such, was made the most intelligent of the three. He was equipped with faculties with which he could make his own decisions and act as he deemed fit. To the thinker who seeks only the truth, this should mean that in the manner God ordained the underlying principles and laws for all other sciences that influence life, He should also have ordained the laws and principles for the science of psychology that studies human behaviour. Naturally, who will know a creature better than its creator? One would, therefore, expect that just as the Quraan has so many verses about all the other sciences, it would also have plenty to say about this science as well as this is the one related to Gods most intelligent creature and the Quraans own recipient, man. Indeed, this was the expectation of the author as well when he started to study the Quraan on modern scientific lines, and in his more than twenty five years study, the author did come across a very large number of verses and passages that are relevant to this science. The author, however, will be able to present and briefly discuss only some representatives of such verses and passages in this chapter. Since human traits and trends can be discussed in any order or random manner, the order of presentation of the Quraanic verses will be according to their chronological occurrences in the Book. The Verses relevant to this science may be placed in the explicit group, but this does not mean that these do not call for deep thinking and highly devoted study. As the verses are divinely revealed, they will be wholesome, impartial and at times, ruthless in pinpointing human beings inbuilt instincts as well as in providing effective remedies for the negative trends of his nature. Generally, according to the revelations in the Quraan, man has been created from a lowly material with a variety of mean tendencies. However, clear and unmistakable guidelines have also been revealed that can transform him into one truly worthy of the noble purpose of his creation that is, being the vicegerent of God on the earth. Following is a selection of representative verses relevant to the science of human psychology: 17:37 And do not walk on the earth with insolence1, for you cannot render the earth asunder, nor reach the mountains in height2. 1. In this part of the verse one of the negative trends of human nature has been identified by asking him not to take undue pride over small achievements, boasting about self styled unreal status simply regarding himself all powerful, forgetting he cannot do anything worthwhile and of real value. These are some of the very common psychological faults of man. This part of the above verse points to those psychological deficiencies of human nature. If thought over more carefully, this small part of the verse can enable one to prepare a long list of further such human trends that make man walk on the earth boastfully and insolently with his head arrogantly high and his chest temporarily swollen with false and superfluous pride. The style adopted in the verse is to issue a forbidding order against an identified inbuilt negative trend of human nature. In this second part of the verse comes the argument that should convince anyone suffering from the fault identified above. Please note that the two arguments forwarded are obviously divine, for no human psychologist or psychiatrist will forward such arguments while counseling his/her patient, as human psychology experts invariably adopt an appeasing attitude while dealing with their patients.
2.
19:66 And mankind says: How shall I, when I am dead be brought to life again.
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It is the universal inbuilt instinct of man that he does not want to accept on his first reflection, what does not appeal to him, or what he does not see happening in front of his eyes or simply what he wants to reject for rejections sake. The above verse establishes this universal human trait. It is this inbuilt human instinct and attitude that has given innumerable schools of thought and belief, isms and religions to the world. According to the Quraan, though, there is only one way of thinking and only one religion proposed by God and preached by all His apostles Adam till Muhammad (peace be on all of them). There is, however a select class of human beings who listened to the apostles of God and believed in the unseen life hereafter. They defeated the inbuilt instinct identified in the above verse because they accepted Gods counsel. 21:37 Mankind was created to be hasty (by nature)1, surely I will soon show you my signs, so do not demand that I make haste2. 1. In this part of this verse, the Creator of man reveals that the negative instinct of being hasty and acting upon what goes through his mind on the very first reflection is there from the moment of his creation. However being hasty is no good, for God has mandated a time for everything to happen. Man should, therefore, exercise extra effort to be patient and reflect on an issue again and again and take counsel from the learned and the elderly and only make a decision after securing full knowledge about the issue in hand. Haste only makes matters worse. This part of the verse is a clear pointer that God has appointed times for everything to happen or come about. Every sign of God, however small or big, has its timing of happening appointed. That time may be very long from mans reckoning, yet very short according to Gods. So Gods counsel to man who by nature likes being hasty is to be patient and more reflective. It will not help man at all to desire that God made the events he liked, happen when he wished.
2.
22:46 Have they not journeyed on the land, so that their hearts may understand and their ears may hear? It is not the eyes that are blind, but the hearts within the chests. This verse is yet another identifier of human natures trait that he only wants to accept what appeals to him and neglect all other realities of life however huge they might be. It is revealed that mankind often ignores realities even if he detects them with his eyes and ears because the heart in the chest is locked to only one way of thinking and man does not like to take his time to ponder and reflect on issues with an open mind. This may seem to the reader to lean towards the realm of faith and belief, but thought over a bit more carefully, will be found applicable to all worldly issues of mankind as well. 39:8 And when distress afflicts mankind, he calls upon his Lord, turning to Him (in destitution), then when He confers upon him His blessing, he forgets that which he was calling to before and sets up equals with God, to lead astray from His Way. Say: Enjoy yourself with your disbelief for a while; surely you shall be among the inhabitants of Fire. If the reader is of the opinion that this verse carries religious motives and has nothing to do with the science of psychology, he/she will be right on the first part of his/her thinking but wrong on the second. For the Quraan is a book revealed for the correction of mankind in this world so that he is successful in the world hereafter. So man is asked to refrain from negative thinking and deeds by telling him that he would deserve the punishment of Fire in the hereafter if he/she insists on his/her negative trends such as the one identified above. Yet it is equally true in the general behavioural pattern of man, in this world, that he resorts to going to any extent with anyone who can help in times of need and then forgets the favours of the benefactor as soon as his need is fulfilled. This is a psychological ailment and one who suffers from such an ailment is not regarded as a good person. Another passage comprising of three verses of Chapter 41 describing the total reversal of behaviour in times of need and when the need is fulfilled is the following: 41:49 Mankind does not weary of praying for good (things), but when evil afflicts him, (and) then he is cast down and lost in despair. 41:50 And if We let him taste some mercy from Us, after distress has afflicted him, he surely says: This is my own doing, I do not believe the Hour is coming, and if I am returned to my Lord, the best
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reward with Him will be mine. But We will surely tell the disbeliever of what they have done, and certainly We shall let them taste a severe chastisement. 41:51` And when We bestow a blessing on mankind, he turns away and withdraws himself aside, but when evil afflicts him, he is full of endless prayers. The above three verse-passage is similar in substance to verse 39:8 discussed just ahead of them and should be self explanatory to the reader. One more verse on this subject matter is noteworthy and is given below: 42:48 And if they turn away, We have not sent you as a guardian over them. It is only for you to convey the message. And when We let mankind taste of Our Mercy, he rejoices in it, and when evil afflicts him for what his own hands have forwarded, he is ungrateful1. 1. There are many verses in the Quraan in which God has identified the ungratefulness in human nature as one of his psychological ailments and has revealed its remedy too in others. The verse below is one of them:
43:15 And they have assigned to Him some of His own servants, indeed mankind is openly ungrateful. God regards mankind openly ungrateful to Him because after availing of His best favours he turns away from Him and assigns some of Gods own created servants as His equals. This negative aspect of his nature which has been identified by his Creator in so many verses of the Quraan , is also shown by man in dealings with his fellow beings in this world. There are a great number of people found complaining about their relations and friends that they went out of their way to help them, but they were ungrateful and after availing of the favours did not even care to offer thanks in return. And often people even refuse to know those who did good favours to them in this world, when they in turn came to them with any of their need. 49:6 O you who believe! If an immoral one comes to you with tidings, assess it carefully, lest you should harm a people without knowledge, and then become regretful for what you have done. This verse is very important as it portrays a very common psychological ailment of mankind. Man readily accepts and takes as true, without any questioning what his enemies, disguised as friends of course, keep telling him as part of a plot against his own self. Even nations, governments and big powers indulge in espionage and propaganda against each other on a highly scientific and organized basis. The result is that bloody wars and unfortunate holocausts become the order of the day for mankind. If only the news propagated were thoroughly checked and investigated, many of the misfortunes that humanity suffers could be avoided. But man, who likes haste as already discussed, finds checking and investigating the tidings made available to him by his own informants tedious. This psychological shortcoming, together with the remedy is clearly revealed in the above verse. Some more commonplace psychological negative trends of human nature and their remedies, with some forceful and irrefutable arguments, are contained in the following two verses. The author recommends the reader to read them carefully and more than once, if necessary: 49:11 O you who believe! A people should not mock another people, it may be that they (the mocked ones) are better than them (the mockers), nor should women mock other women, it may be that they are better than them. And do not look for faults in one another, nor defame one another with derisive names. Evil it is to have a name of wickedness after one has believed. And whoever does not desist, these are the evildoers. 49:12 O you who believe! Shun most suspicion, some suspicion is a sin. And do not spy, nor backbite each other; would any of you like to eat the flesh of your dead brother? You would abhor it. And fear God, indeed God is the acceptor of repentance, most Merciful. The author suggests the following verses for further reading in this field:
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43:32, 33, 34 and 35, 49, 50 and 52; 44:12 to 15; 64:12; 70:10 to 14, 19, 21 and 44; 71:24, 26 to 28; 73:6,7 and 30; 78:2,9 and 10; 80:17 to 19 and 22; 83:29 to 33; 89:15 and 16; 90:6 and 11; 96:6 and 7; 100:6 to 8; 102:1 and 2; and 103:3.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Key Chapter 17: Zoologys
CHAPTER 17 ZOOLOGY
Zoology is the second branch of Biology, the name given to sciences covering life. Since there are two main kinds of life, namely, Plant life and Animal life, Biology has two branches, namely Botany and Zoology. Botany, that studies Plant Kingdom, has been talked about in an earlier chapter, while this chapter is devoted to Zoology, the science that studies the Animal Kingdom. Long before the modern development of Zoology, Muslim researchers, inspired by revelations in the Quraan of course, studied this science and were so advanced in their work that the principles of Zoology being compiled and taught today, were already established by them. Al Khwarizami who published as many as sixteen volumes about his scientific researches and which were adopted as text books in the main European universities for centuries, had a volume solely devoted to his studies of the Animal Kingdom. His treatise on Zoology was fully illustrated. In it were detailed and extensive labeled diagrams of the dissections of several species of animals including the frog, the fish, the rat and the rabbit, that are some of the main animals whose dissections are performed in the laboratories of schools, colleges and universities of today. Works of various Muslim researchers of the medieval Islamic centuries are found on all disciplines of Zoology. They clearly established the classification of animals that is found in the Zoology textbooks of today. Separate treatises are found on insects, moths, reptiles, amphibians, mammals (two legged as well as four legged), vertebrates, invertebrates and birds written by Muslim scientists. Out of these, many of the living beings from the Animal Kingdom are talked about in the Quraan. Some of them are the ant, the mosquito, the bee, the spider, the snake, the fish, the hoopoe, the sparrow, the crow, the monkey, the elephant, the horse, the donkey, the camel, the cow, and the wolf etc. Indeed there are full chapters titled on the names of some from the above list. For example, chapter 2, comprising of 286 verses is titled as The Cow, chapter 6, comprising of 165 verses is titled The Cattle, chapter 16, that has 128 verses is titled The Bee, chapter 27, with its 93 verses is titled The Ants and chapter 29, made up of 69 verses is titled The Spider. None of the findings established by the early Muslim scientists has been refuted or thrown out by modern zoologists. Instead, they have incorporated them in the modern system of zoological studies. Muslim scientists went far in their researches clearly inspired by the Quraanic verses, and more so, in answer to Gods commandment to think, ponder, reflect and find out about His creations scattered all over them. Like all the other disciplines of science, there are a large number of verses and passages in the Quraan concerning zoology. The author describes only a selection of such verses below that were the source of inspiration behind the Muslim zoologists researches. Where the particular verse has many revelations, only those parts relevant to Zoology will be underlined, superscripted and briefly discussed: 2:164 Surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth, in the alternation of the night and the day, in the sailing of the ships through the ocean for the benefit of mankind, in the water that God sends down from the sky, reviving with it the earth after it had gone barren, in His spreading in it all kinds of living things1, in the changing of the winds and the clouds subjected between the sky and the earth, are indeed signs for people who exercise wisdom. 1. This verse as a whole,which we came across earlier as well. is a comparatively long one, and contains many diverse, but highly important divine messages for mankind to reflect and ponder upon. Indeed it calls upon the wise men to try and find out the truthfulness, significance as well as the detailed principles lying behind the working of Gods signs manifest all around them. The underlined (and superscripted as 1) part is the one relevant to the subject matter of this chapter. It is a small constituent of the verse presented telling primarily the unorganised Arabs of the seventh Christian century that there is life of all kinds that God has created and scattered on the earth. This apparently simple divine information is enough for one to be curious and start thinking that perhaps there are other kinds of life on earth. As this clue came in revelations which they were sure were from God, they were almost certain that this was the case. As further Quraanic verses were revealed they came to know that plants are also living things with much diversity in their domain. Also that there were animals they had not seen and heard about yet. The Arabs gradually became transformed into a learned and wise people very quickly, and small pointers to
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information like the one underlined above became the basis of their scientific efforts and researches. 5:96 Lawful to you is the catch of the sea and its use for food, a provision for you and those who travel, but forbidden to you is the hunting in the land, for as long as you remain in the sacred precincts or in pilgrim garb, and fear God. to Whom you shall all be gathered back. The above verse as a whole is meant to be for the jurisprudence of Muslims about their eating legalities and otherwise, yet it is a strong pointer indicating what the full scope of sea-food can be. The early Muslims thus got a real basis for research into the vast domain of the life in the sea, through verses like this. 15:20 And We provided for you therein your sustenance; and many other creatures for whom you do not provide. This verse, particularly its underlined part, can be cited as yet another revelation prompting the Muslims of early Islamic centuries to investigate thoroughly the many other creatures they did not provide sustenance for. Until the revelations such as the above they were only familiar with the creatures they came across in their lives, whom they thought God had created for providing their own sustenance. Now they started thinking that man does not go to thick forests and deep seas to provide sustenance to the creature whose abodes are such unreachable places. This brought in them the desire to study see creatures and study their ways of living and general habits. 24:45 And God has created every animal from water1, of them there are some that creep on their bellies2, and some that walk upon two legs3, and some that walk upon four4; God creates whatever He pleases, surely God has power over all things5. This is another very important verse that is without doubt a source of inspiration for the early Muslim researchers in zoology. It has five parts underlined and superscripted, and all five are very inspiring and invite further exploration of the Animal kingdom: 1. In this part important scientific information is revealed that all animals are created from water. Remember, according to the divine revelations, God created the angels from light, the jinns from fire and man from a special type of clay that had water as a major component. In this part He reveals that every animal is created from water. Scientists agree that water is an essential component in the make up of all living things, so much so that where the scientists want to find the possibilities of existence of any type of life, they first undertake to explore whether that place had any water at any time at all. This is because scientists have established the no water no life phrase as a universal principle of biological sciences. It may be of interest to the reader if his/her attention is drawn to the fact that with the exception of the angels who are made of light, all other living creatures are mortal according to revelations of the Quraan. This part identifies the reptile group of animals, which forms one of the important domains of Zoology. This part points to the group of animals that walk on two legs. Not only mammals like monkeys, chimps and man are examples of this group but many others, even birds such as the penguin and the ostrich are members of this group. This part points to four legged animals. All cattle, wild beasts and some smaller animals such as the mouse, the cat and the dog make up this group of animals. This part of the verse has its final message. God creates what He pleases and this has been revealed after having named some groups of animals already. This suggested to the staunch believers in the word of God, that there may be a limitless number of species, in both the Plant and Animal Kingdoms that God may have created and they have not yet known them. This simple message must have prompted them to start research in these areas. Consequently those pioneering
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works of early Muslim researchers resulted in some wonderful findings, which are not only compatible and at par with present day Zoology, but are still accepted as parts of the curricula of today. 29:60 And how many creatures are there that do not carry their sustenance, but God sustains them1 and yourself (as well); and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. 1. This part of the above verse essentially reveals that God takes the responsibility of providing the sustenance of a living being that He creates, regardless of whether that creature is able to do anything for itself. However, there can be another aspect of this verse when pondered upon, that amongst the creatures of God, there are also those, so tiny, frail and without even the traditional limbs associated with a living being, that cannot carry their sustenance for themselves, God sustains them. When this aspect of the message is considered, new classes of creatures come to mind and a whole range of viable research in Botany and Zoology (such as plants, mosses and single cell living organisms) opens up. Muslim researchers pursued this aspect of the message and made valuable contributions in this area of Zoology too.
The following verses may be referred to, if the reader is inclined to ponder on more verses relevant to Zoology: 16:66; 23:21,22; 27:17,18, 20 and 22; 29:41,57; 30:54; 32:27; 35:28; 37:44; 42:11; 67:19; 88:17; 92:3 and 100:1.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 1 Section Three: The Implicit verses of the Quraan
PART ONE, SECTION THREE THE IMPLICIT VERSES OF QURAAN
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The third group of verses in the Quraan, generally classified as the Implicit Verses (and some of them may be Extra-Implicit as presented in the next chapter). These are those verses whose real extent of message is not apparent on just a simple reading. This is the group of verses the Quraan itself calls Mutashaabihaat (Allegoric, of unclear meaning). Their exact meaning is only known to God. For men, however learned, they call for an extra pondering over and deep reflection, and may be, a very cautious translation into languages other than Arabic, if the full extent and right spirit of the message contained is to be appreciated. They may apparently say something, but if time is devoted to their searching study, they reveal very far-reaching messages. For example, it has been revealed at more than one place in the Quraan that the span of Paradise is like the spans of the skies and the earth put together! This raises a question in the minds of the lay reader that if the span of the paradise is as large as the spans of the skies and the earth together, then where does it exist? Even if you say that it is on one of the skies, you will not satisfy the questioner, for he would say that the span of any one sky cannot equal the combined spans of the skies and the earth put together. So he who staunchly believes that the Word of God is always an absolute truth, will have to ponder and reflect and apply whatever logic, mathematical reasoning and principles of the established sciences he/she can apply until he/she can satisfy and convince any questioner that the Word of God is indeed nothing but Absolute Truth. One should keep in mind that when engaging in such an attempt to find explanations of the verses belonging to this group, one should not contradict a single other Quraanic verse of any classification or an authentic and established Hadith of the Prophet (pbuh). One should also keep in mind, however, that the logic or the reasoning used must also be supported by the laws firmly established in Mathematics and Physics as well as in any of the other modern sciences. God has revealed plenty of such verses that apparently look mystifying to a layman, and even to a faithful reader, but they can be demystified to some extent by deep thinking and hard pondering over. That is why God asks mankind repeatedly the question, why do you not ponder over (what is revealed for you in) the Quraan? Verses that fall under this group hold the hidden marvels of the Quraan. One of the Traditions of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) about the Quraan can be summarized here. He (pbuh) has said: All Prophets before me were given miracles which they performed during their lifetimes on their people, but I am given the Quraan which is for all times to come and for all people, so I hope that my followers will outnumber those of all other Prophets. In this Tradition he implied that the Muslims will study the divine revelations with reflection and pondering attention to explore the keys hidden therein to unlock the treasures of knowledge and guidance. Imam Shaafaee, one of the four celebrated Imams of Islamic Jurisprudence and interpretation, is known to say that he studied the Quraan three hundred times and yet could not grasp a point from what was revealed in the smallest three-verse Sura Al Asr (The Time). He considered himself very lucky, that by the Grace of God, he got it on his three hundred and first study of the Book. Imam Raazi, who has written a thirty-volume commentary on the Quraan, is known to have said that his thirst about learning the meaning of the Quraan has not diminished and that he would remain a student of the Book until his last breath. Other learned translators, commentators and devoted researchers on the Quraan have produced wonderful works on such verses in trying to demystify the message/s concealed in them. Some of these commentators have produced dozens of volumes each after a lifelong period of painstaking, devoted and concentrated study of the Book. Yet nobody can claim a hundred percent success, as the truest meaning of such verses is known to God only. As such, the rightful attitude of a true Muslim is to believe that all types of verses in the Quraan are from God and are to be believed in equally, regardless whether he/she can appreciate its full meaning or not. The author cannot overemphasize his appreciation for the valuable works of the multitude of the sincerely devoted commentators and researchers on the Quraan in the early and the medieval centuries of Islamic calendar. They are salute worthy indeed. But there has been one approach the author feels that did not receive full justice from the beginning till now. The praiseworthy and respected commentators did not apply the mathematical and scientific principles and laws, which actually are nothing but discoveries of the principles and laws of nature mandated to everything by God Himself according to which nature is running its course. Apparently it was because these laws and principles have been discovered and established only recently and the class of the distinguished people mentioned above, were never abreast with these discoveries and developments in their time. Very early and even the middle Islamic centuries exponents of the Quraanic Marvels should stand
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excused because they did not live in the eras of scientific development. The later group of these men of talent also lacked responses to the fast developing scientific thought. The reason may be that doing full justice to the Quraanic studies requires a lifetimes devotion in itself. So the one who chooses to study the Quraan with contemplation and deep reflection, does not have time left to take up any other full time pursuit, like studying the modern sciences; unless he/she is bestowed with extraordinary will power. At the present time, the author is happy to say there is a comparatively large group of scholars of the Quraan that is also involved in modern scientific studies as well, and he hopes that the Truth of the Quraanic verses will be established ever increasingly on firm mathematical and scientific lines in the very near future. It should, however, be very clear here that any interpretation of the Quraa based on the scientific and mathematical principles must be in addition to the interpretations of the early commentators and not endeavour to outclass or dismiss their honest works. Also, in presenting a scientific interpretation one must not deviate from the apparent meaning of the verse/s. Some of the Quraanic verses the author quotes and attempts to discuss with this approach are the ones that implicitly endorse the scientific realities of the universe that have been so far established beyond any shadow of doubt and have been accepted by us as part and parcel of our every day lives. Even so, a great majority of people still believe that religion and science are two conflicting and mutually exclusive areas and so are unmoved by the scientifically established facts around them. After his more than thirty years careful study of the Book, the author has no doubt in his mind whatsoever, that all knowledge, including the scientific laws and principles, discovered and established by man so far are designed and mandated, for the flawless and perpetual working of His creation by God the Almighty and the ONLY Creator of everything living or otherwise. The implicit verses indeed confirm some of the facts discovered and established by scientists, such as the roundness of the earth, existence of other planets, the galaxies, forces of gravity and gravitation, acceleration due to gravity, motions of planets, stars and their satellites, the phases of the moon, the Big Bang that originated the universe to take the shape and form it is in today, and of course, many more scientific entities, quantities, phenomena and laws. These verses also explain the physical existence of seven skies and the very Elevated Arsh (Gods Throne), although the scientists choose to completely and continually ignore them. Conversely there are verses that have messages that apparently are above the level of understanding for the layman, and teasingly challenging to the scientist to the extent that he finds no alternative but to ignore them in utter frustration; yet there are laws discovered by the scientists themselves that establish the absolute truth of those verses. In the next chapter, the author presents a selection of verses from this group, again with brief discussions of his ideas for seeing the truth revealed in them.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 18: Examples of Explicit Verses - I
CHAPTER 18 EXAMPLES OF THE IMPLICIT VERSES-I

The author will present and discuss verses from this group according to the message/s they reveal rather than their chronological order in the Quraan. It should also be kept in mind that verses from this group are like those of the mixed group, examples of which the reader saw in the last section. Each one of such verses has more than one message in it. The author will underline, superscript and discuss part/s of the verse relevant to the subject under discussion. Further, the discussion of an implicit verse or its part will involve a difference in format from the discussions of the previous sections. In the case of an implicit verse, the author will explain fully the principles of mathematics, physics or whatever the science, that establishes the concealed message in the verse or its underlined part. Only, those scientific phenomena or laws will be described here, that come under the topic of discussion of this chapter, i.e., confirm the messages contained in the Implicit Verses of the Quraan. 1. GOD IS THE CREATOR AND SUSTAINER OF EVERYTHING THERE IS The above message has been revealed in many places in the Quraan, which may belong to any of the three groups. The difference here is that the message is contained in only a few words, which when seen on the lines of scientifically discovered facts, establishes the message more forcefully than the explicit statements elsewhere in the Book. The following is the verse that has the message headlined above: 73:9 Rabb of the East and the West1; there is no god but He; take Him therefore, for (your) Disposer of Affairs. The author has retained the original Arabic word Rabb (pronounced as the English verb rub). This is because the author wants the reader to understand the full meaning of the word. God has used this word numerous times as one of His own Names. Over the past fifteen centuries, learned commentators and the authentic dictionaries of the Arabic language, list all the following meanings and attributes of this single word: Designer, Creator and Sustainer; Lord and Cherisher; Master and Controller; Planner and Caterer; Creator and Provider; Manager of Affairs; One Who Creates, Provides and Protects and One who creates, sustains and loves His creations. The nearest example that God Himself has used for the understanding of the attributes of this word in the Quraan for the benefit of mankind, is that Rabb is to his Creations what parents are to their children. After having a full idea of the word Rabb, the reader should note that in the underlined part of the above verse God begins the revelation by saying that He is the Rabb of the East and the West. Now, every single thing that we can think of has its east and its west. According to the scientific convention the direction of the rising sun is the East and that of the setting sun is the West. According to the geographical convention, the right hand side of a page, map or a plan is the East and the left hand side is the West. So according to both conventions established by modern science, every single thing has its East and West. Houses and their individual rooms, gardens and parks, rivers, lakes, and oceans, open lands and even mountains have their individual East and West. So by saying that He is the Rabb of the East and the West, God has said that He is the Rabb of ALL THINGS without any exception whatsoever. The scientific findings and conventions adopted centuries later about the east and west establish the Truth of the message revealed at the beginning of the above verse beyond any doubt. 2. EVIDENCE OF ROUNDNESS OF THE EARTH 55:17 Rabb of the two Easts and Rabb of the two Wests. Before discussing the above, the author would like to give the verses transliteration just to make the reader familiar with the dual number in Arabic Counting: 55:17 Rabbul Mashriqaine wa Rabbul Maghribain.
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As translated above this short verse has the message that God is the Rabb of the Two Easts and Two Wests. The author wishes to draw the attention of the reader to the two underlined words in the above transliteration. These are representative of the dual number which is unique to the numbering system in the Arabic language. In Arabic, the ending ain/ tain or aan/taan is added to a word to make it a dual number. For example, Kitab means a book while kitabain means two books and kutub means many books. Similarly, madarash means a school, madarastain two schools and madaaris many schools. Also, jannah means a garden, jannataan two and jannaat many gardens. In the above verse mashriqain, the dual number of mashriq (East) and maghribain, the dual number of maghrib (West) have been used. Hence, translators like Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Marmaduke Pikthal and Dr Muhammad Mohsin Khan with Dr Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali have translated the above verse as Lord of the two Easts and Lord of the two Wests, while Dr Ahmad and Mrs. Dina Zidan. have translated it as The Lord of the two Orients and the Lord of two Occidents. The above five worded verse establishes the roundness of the earth as will be seen in the diagram below, that explains how science testifies the Truth of Gods Revelation that He is the Lord of the two Easts and two Wests, by conclusively verifying the roundness of the earth.
Right Side
Left Side
West
Northern Hemisphere
East East
West
Southern Hemisphere
Left Side
Right Side
Diagram showing what is east for the Northern globe could be west for the Southern.
A three dimensional depiction of the above diagram is given on the next page which shows one resident each from the northern and southern hemispheres of the globe debating to make the use of the dual number for east and west in the Quraan clearer still
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The sun rises in the East, so East is on my left!
RISING SUN
The sun rises in the East, so East is on my right!
Debate showing what is east for the northern hemisphere is west for the southern.
As the two hemispheres, in the case of the Earth, stand merged to form a single Globe, there are no plurals for the words East and West in English and many other languages, but in Arabic there are words that are used for the duals as well as the plurals of these two words. The author is of the idea that it was the inspiration generated from this short verse that enabled Muslims geographers of the sixth and seventh Hijra centuries to construct the first round wooden globes of our planet. 3. EVIDENCE OF OTHER WORLDS (PLANETS, STARS AND GALAXIES)
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The reader has seen that God has used the Singular and Dual numbers of East and the West to reveal implicitly that He is the Creator Lord of every conceivable thing and that the earth and all His other creations similar to the earth are spherical globes. The Arabic word for East is Mashriq and for West is Maghrib. We have seen their dual numbers Mashriqain(two Easts), and Maghribain(two Wests) above. The plural numbers of Mashriq and Maghrib are Mashaariq and Maghaarib respectively and these have been used in verse 70:40. For the purpose of the completion of the message revealed, the translation of the next verse 70:41 will also be presented, but for the purpose of the current discussion the author will focus on the underlined part of 70:40 only: 70:40 Nay, I swear by The Lord of many Easts and many Wests1 that We are certainly capable of ............... 70:41 .Substituting for them better (men) than they (are); and We are not the One to be defeated. 1. We have discussed above that each of the northern and southern hemispheres of the earth has its East and its West and that these are on opposite sides for men living on those hemispheres looking face to face toward each other. The idea explained and established above with the help of simple diagrams was that a globe that apparently has only one East and one West, in fact has two Easts and two Wests. Now, scientists, astronomers and researchers in cosmology have discovered several planets and millions of galaxies comprising of billions of stars each. This means that there are an infinite number of Easts and Wests. This part of this verse provides implicit evidence of this fact and points to these countless worlds of galaxies more than fourteen hundred years ago; and in accordance to the Quraanic Revelation 41:53 Soon We shall show them Our Signs in the farthest Regions, and their own souls, until it becomes manifest to them that this is the TRUTH. Is it not enough that your Lord does witness all things?, the TRUTH has become crystal clear to the scientists and researchers. Whether they accept it or not is a different matter altogether. 4. EVIDENCE OF ROUNDNESS OF THE SKY God says to mankind, in the opening part of verse 2:22 He is the One Who made the earth your couch and the sky your canopy. This was a pretty explicit revelation about the roundness of of sky as the canopy of a round couch can only be round itself. However, for centuries the earth was not established round and so the full message conveyed by the above quoted verse was not fully appreciated. Now though, there is a word used to describe the sky in a later verse that establishes the roundness of the sky on the most scientific and mathematical basis. The verses translation by A. Yusuf Ali is given below and the Arabic word used to describe the sky is underlined in its transliteration: 86:11 By the sky that returns (in its round). Transliteration Wassamaae zaatir Raje1. 1. The Arabic word zaatirRaje means that thing which returns on itself, i.e. whose contour &/or expanse (surface area) comes back upon itself. Moulana Moudoodi has quoted this meaning in his six volume commentary of the Quraan titled Tafheem-ul-Quraan. According to mathematics only circular and elliptical shapes are ones that return on themselves as shown in the diagram below. Weather it is a two dimensional circle or an ellipse, or a three dimensional spheroid or ellipsoid, its contour/surface area returns upon itself.
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The diagram on the left shows that the contours of a circle and an ellipse return on them self at the point the
This is because the mathematics of a circle and an ellipse requires them to do so. Anyone can pick up a textbook of Coordinate geometry and see the conditions for the description of circular or elliptical loci (contour traversed under a mathematical condition) and also can see the mathematical formulae that the circle/sphere and the ellipse/ellipsoid obey. So applying the true meaning of zaatirRaje the sky is round as earlier on it has been described the canopy for the earth, and the round earth must have a round Canopy. Thus the elliptical contour for the sky is ruled out. 5. NO EAST AND NO WEST THE CONTINUUM The reader has seen in this chapter that God has used the concept of the conventional East and West (directions) to press home to mankind the ultimate message about His Unshared absolute Authority over ALL THINGS through His revelations quoted and explained above. God also used the same concept to tell mankind, much earlier on than the scientific development of this concept, that the earth is a round globe. Now in the verse to be quoted and discussed below, God reveals to man through a remarkable parable in accordance to mans own way of life and experience, a realm to which the universal concept of the East and the West does not apply! Through this verse, God describes, to common man, the true concept that he should have about Him and how he should fully assimilate His Endless and Exalted Attributes, while to the scientists He implicitly reveals what a true CONTINUUM that knows no East or West is: Before quoting and starting the discussions on the superscripted parts of this verse mentioned, the author would, however, like to explain to the reader what the mathematicians and the physicists mean by the word continuum as well as what the author thinks is the real continuum. The mathematicians use the words infinity for anything that goes on and on and does not come to a mathematical conclusion, and also for things too big to be measurable. There are many mathematical series belonging to this class. The series of the natural positive numbers, the series of odd and even numbers and the series of square numbers shown below are good examples for a layman. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Series of positive numbers. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11Series of positive odd numbers, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12Series of positive even numbers, and 1, 4, 9, 16, 25.Series of square numbers. If any one of the above four simple series were to be written in full, a great amount of paper, ink and time would be spent and still the series will never be fully written, simply because such a series is never ending. To overcome this problem mathematicians and physicists make use of the word infinity which means immeasurably big or too far away. They would write suchlike series as shown below: O,1, 2, 3to infinity., 1, 3, 5, 7to infinity., 2, 4, 6, 8to infinity, and 1, 4, 9, 16..to infinity. To further save paper, ink and time they use the symbol to denote infinity which replaces the words to infinity. The physicists also make use of the infinity symbol quite frequently as they are also mathematicians. However, for distances they cannot reach and particularly in Atomic Structure, they use the word continuum.
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The first of the next two diagrams depicts how the physicists use to explain the series of the emission spectrum of Hydrogen, called the energy level diagrams explain what the a physicist means by the word Continuum, while the second shows what is the Quraanic view of Continuum.
In the diagram above, the circles represent the orbits in which electrons can go round the atoms Nucleus. The inner most circle is the first orbit, above that is the is the second and so on. After a number of orbits the physicist finds it convenient to call the distance or space above, a Continuum, because all of them are not possible to depict on paper. That is, an infinitely great number of orbits exist in this region but it is not possible to account for them individually. The diagram below is another version of the one above. Each orbit is actually an energy level determining the amount of energy that an electron has to possess or be given in order to be in that particular orbit or energy level. Higher or outer orbits are higher levels of energy. With this conception of circular orbits of the above diagram can be drawn as straight line energy levels as in the diagram below. Both figures have the same idea of the Continuum.
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However, in the light of the Quraanic verses the author regards the space that truly can be called a continuum is the one above the very Elevated Arsh (Gods Throne), as shown in the diagram below in which the universe as the scientists so far know, is depicted as a dark spec inside the innermost circle which represents the first sky surrounded by the second sky and so on, while the outermost circle drawn in bold represents the ARSH, Gods Elevated Throne
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. The reader should now be ready to appreciate fully the underlying message: 24:35 God is the Light of the heavens and the earth1, the parable of His Light is as if there were a niche wherein is a Lamp; the Lamp is in a glass2, the glass is as if it were a star glittering like a pearl3, lit from (the supply of) a blessed olive tree4, neither of the East nor of the West5, whose oil is well-nigh luminous, although no fire touched it6; Light upon Light7; God guides to His Light8 whom He pleases, and God sets parables for people (for making it easy for them to understand), and God has (full) Knowledge of All THINGS9. 1. This part of the long verse reveals that God is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The word Light used here does not refer to the visible light whose wavelengths fall in a very tiny region of the solar spectrum, nor does it refer to the solar radiation whose different invisible region have measurable wavelengths. Because if it were so, there was no need to reveal it in an implicit verse. Instead, many commentators of repute have implied and the author agrees with them that God Light is a special radiation that not only fills the universe, but also the worlds and spaces between our universe and the first sky, between the first sky and the Elevated Arsh and the continuum
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above. In terms of physics this only means that man has not yet appreciated ALL the radiation that there is. The radiations that man so far has known are just solar-system-related and are only a negligibly tiny part of the one that has been revealed in this part. 2. God explains the Omnipotence of his Light by a parable compatible to human knowledge so that he can have some idea of it, while at the same time reveals that His Light is highly extraordinary. Man is familiar with the idea of a lamp in a glass which is put in a niche and the niche being at an elevated place so that the lamp, safe from winds, can illuminate as large an area of the surroundings as possible. Starting to explain the extraordinariness of His Light, while keeping up the parable, God compares the glass surround of the Lamp to a star glittering like a pearl. This generates two ideas in the minds of those who are used to pondering and reflecting. First, it is as bright as one can imagine and second, its light reaches and fills every nook and cranny of the universe, spaces and continua that He has created, as a star radiates in all directions and just as a glittering surround of a lamp adds many folds to the intensity of the original light issuing from the flame of the lamp.. Continuing the parable God talks of oil because in early days of human history lamps in the niche needed oil to keep them going. But God once again says in this part of the parable that the Lamp that represents My Light is not lit by an ordinary kind of oil but can be thought of as coming from a highly Blessed Olive tree (that is, a very special oil). This is the most important part. The Blessed Olive tree that has been used in the parable as the supplier of the fuel keeping the Lamp going is neither from the East nor from the West. That is, it covers the heavens and the earth and the Continuum above, where the notion of east and west is non existent This again suggests two points. First, that the fuel supply is not one that can ever exhaust as it is Omnipotent. Second, it does not have any location, that is, it is ever supplying and everywhere. In other words Gods Light is self sustaining and perpetual, and the Lamp used in the parable is, in terms of physics, incandescent and self luminous . This part clearly proclaims that the Lamps fuel is not dependent on any flame or fire to ignite it suggesting that its going on and on by itself and shall go on doing so regardless of the passage of time, and never ever shall its luminosity diminish. This three word part goes a long way to suggest that all the ingredients of the parable point to the fact that the brightness of this Light will always be on the increase. Light upon light has become a common proverb in Arabic, Urdu, Persian and many other languages which imparts the idea of doing an act that redoubles the output effect of something. For example, people use surrounds and reflectors to increase the luminosity of a lamp, or use loudspeakers to amplify the intensity of a source of sound. Here, the Absolute Greatness coupled with Absolute Kindness of God towards His Creation, and the absolute intensity and omnipotence of His Light can be understood as what these three word point to in this part of the verse. Although Gods Light shines bright and reaches every nook and cranny of what He has created, or what is His Dominion, not everyone can get benefit from it. Not everyone appreciates Gods Light as something special. We only regard light as comprising of the wavelengths we have so far measured. We have no appreciation of spiritual light or light that is generated by true guidance and righteousness. It is only for God to grant the appreciation of His Light to whom He pleases and deny it to whom He pleases. ALL THINGS according to the Quraan, means whatever is inside the core of the earth, on its surface, between the earth and the first sky, between the first and the second sky and so on and on including the Ultimate Continuum.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 19: Examples of Implicit Verses-II
CHAPTER 19 EXAMPLES OF THE IMPLICIT VERSES-II

THE EXTRA IMPLICIT VERSES God says in verse 2:255 known as the Ayat-ul-Kursi, the Chief verse among all the 6,666 verses of the Qur,aan, according to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), that everything of the Heavens and the earth belongs to Him. Indeed God has revealed this message repeatedly in many other verses of the Holy Book. This message is, however, an explicit one, easy to grasp and come to terms with. In a number of other verses though, there is a more detailed and graphic message which is not so easily graspable or digestible to the ordinary reader of the Qur,aan. These messages are contained in those Mutashabihaat about which God has said that the truest extent of their meaning is known to no one but God only (3:7). One can, however, try to interpret them with whatever knowledge is available to him, find what he honestly thinks is a correct interpretation of one aspect of the message or the other, and yet remain at a loss to do full justice to extract its truest and fullest interpretation. The best way for such an interpreter is to present his ideas with honest intent, and then say God knows best. The author, because of the size of this book, will only present and discuss only two examples of such highly implicit Quraanic messages. Highly Implicit Message (1) In this message God tells the believers to vie with one another for Gods Mercy and a Garden (of Bliss) whose span is as the combined spans of the heavens and the earth together. Highly Implicit Message (2): Everything there is on the earth or in the heavens and in between them, living or non-living, continually praises, glorifies and worships God. In the first message, the question that perplexes the lay reader is that if the span of the Garden of Bliss is great as the span of the heavens and the earth put together, then where does it exist? The second message raises in the minds of lay readers questions such as: (a) How can animals that dont speak perpetuate the Glory of God? (b) How can non living and inanimate things perpetuate the Glory of God? (c) Are not these revelations of the Quraan utterly unscientific? The author will now present the actual relevant verses and discuss them to the best of his ability admitting fully the fact that God knows best (1) THE FIRST MESSAGE 3:133 And be quick in the race for forgiveness from your Lord, and for a Garden whose width is that (of the whole) of the heavens and the earth, prepared for the righteous. 57:21 Vie with one another towards forgiveness from your Lord, and a Garden whose width is as the width of heaven and the earth, prepared for those who believe in God and His messengers. That is a bounty of God, He bestows it upon whoever He pleases, and God is of Bounty abounding. The underlined parts of both the above verses speak of the firt of the two message stated above. Careful readers will note an acute difference in the message revealed at two different locations. In 57:21, The Gardens span is said to be the span of the heaven (singular) and the earth, while in 3:133 it is said to be that of the heavens (plural) and the earth. This provides a highly implicit but advanced mathematical clue. In the previous chapter, the Quraanic evidence of roundness of the earth and the heavens has been discussed. The surface area (span) of a sphere can be calculated if its radius is known, using the simple mathematical formula: S. A = 4r2 where r stands for the value of the spheres radius and = 22/7. Now, the radii of the heavens are not known to us, but we can easily construct an analogy of concentric spheres of known radii, calculate their surface areas and apply it to a system of whatever their radii to prove the truth of the above two verses. Let us do that.
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In the diagram below, four concentric spheres are drawn in two dimensions. Let the radius of innermost sphere measured from the common centre be R1, that of the next outer of circle be R2, that of the next outer be R3, and that of the outermost be R4.
R1 R2
R3
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You can imagine four more concentric spheres of radii R5, R6, R7 and R8 on top of the ones drawn in the diagram above Further, let R1=1 km, R2=2 km, R3=3 km and R4=4 km, R5=5 km, R6=6 km, R7=7 km and R8=8 km. If their surface areas (from the innermost to the outermost) are respectively S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S8, then using the formula given above we can easily calculate the eight surface areas as shown below: S1= 4 R12=4x22/7x12 = 88/7 = 11.01 sq. km S2=4 R22=4x22/7x22 =352/7 = 50.28 sq. km S3=4 R32 =4x22/7x32 = 113.41 sq. km S4=4 R42 =4x22/7x42 = 201.14 sq. km S5=4 R52=4x22/7x52 = 314.28 sq. km S6=4 R62 =4x22/7x62 = 452.57 sq. km
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S7=4 R72 =4x22/7x72 = 616.00 sq. km S8=4 R82 =4x22/7x82 = 804.57 sq. km Now rounding up the above results to whole numbers, we see that: S1+S2= 11+50 = 61 >S1; S1+S2+S3 = 61+113= 174 > S1+S2. S1+S2+S3+S4= 174+201=375 > S1+S2+S3; S1+S2+S3+S4+S5=375+314=689 > S1+S2+S3+S4; S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6=689+453=1142 > S1+S2+S3+S4+S5; S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6+S7=1142+616=1758 > S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6; and, S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6+S7+S8=1758+805=2563 >S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6+S7. Thus the surface area of any sphere alone is more than the combined surface areas of all the previous spheres if they are concentric. The Quraan and modern science both say that is the case. Scientists agree that the universe is isometric while the Quraan says the skies are earths canopies, and the canopy of a sphere must be a sphere itself concentric with it. So that if we replace our innermost spheres with the earth and next seven above it as the the seven skies (heavens/fermaments/canopies) and the outermost as the Arsh,, then on whichever heaven the Garden of Bliss is, its surfaces area or span of width will be like the combined surface areas of all the skies and the earth below. That establishes the truth of the two very implicit verses in the Quraan, quoted above. In reality the skies may not be equidistant from each other but may have increasing radii in which case the truth of the above two verses can be established more quickly using the above mathematical calculations. However, this is an attempt of the author to present an explanation based on mathematical and scientific principals. What is the actual truth, God knows best. (2) THE SECOND MESSAGE Now let us discuss the second very highly implicit Quraanic Message quoted at the start of this chapter, and see if that can also be explained on scientific and mathematical grounds. This message is more frequently revealed in a number of verses. Indeed, several of the Qur,aanic Surahs (chapters) begin with this highly implicit message, which compels the reader to think as to how non-intelligent and even non-living and inanimate things that are there on the earth, in the skies and in between them can continually utter the Praise and Glorification of God. After years of reflection the author has come to a scientific conclusion that explains these implicit messages on the basis of ordinary level physics and mathematics. In the discussions of the relevant verses that come toward the end of this chapter, the author has deliberately retained the Arabic word Sabbeha and one of its derivatives Tasbeeh that are commonly used in all of these verses. The author wants first to proceed to explain the full meanings and scope of the use of these two words. Tasbeeh is a derivative of the verb Sabbeha, which means to repeat praise and glorification of God continuously. It is a noun and therefore, needs a helping verb to go with it, for example, to celebrate the Tasbeeh, to repeat the Tasbeeh, to perpetuate the
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Tasbeeh, to utter the Tasbeeh again and again, day in day out, and so on. Commentators and translators have used all these meanings in their respective works. In addition, all commentators agree that to make Tasbeeh of God has also been used in the Qur,aan to include the following scopes of meaning: Supplicating to God, offering prayers to God, adopting a prescribed mode or ritual to offer prayers to God and to describe Gods Greatness, Faultlessness, Flawlessness, Absolute Unity, Sole Authority and all of the other Attributes associated with Him. The author hopes that the reader will now fully appreciate that justice cannot be done in its entirety to the translation of messages that have words of such vast meaning and scope of use. The author further hopes that the reader will keep in mind the meaning and the full scope of the word Tasbeeh given above, regardless of the limitation of the translations below for want of brevity and compactness. After explaining the full scope of the word Tasbeeh, the author now attempts to explain how he thinks the message (that everything whether in the heavens or the earth, or in between them, intelligent or non-intelligent, living or non-living) celebrates and perpetuates the Tasbeeh of God. The key lies in a simple but quite mathematical phenomenon of Physics - the Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M). The author in a previous chapter described the S.H.M as a much disciplined motion restricted by mathematical conditions. This motion is so called because in the whole of its duration, a simple mathematical relationship is maintained between the time elapsed, displacement (distance moved in that time) and the phase angle. Structurally, the motion is made of cycles that are completed in a fixed time which is the same for every cycle repeated, and is called the Period of the motion. For this reason the simple harmonic motion is also called a Periodic Motion. Each cycle is made up of four strokes or displacements (may be regarded as two, each repeated in the opposite direction as well). Each of the four strokes is called the amplitude of the motion, and determines how much above or below the mean axis of propagation it will reach while executing the simple harmonic or periodic motion. The distance moved along the axis of propagation at the completion of the four strokes (one complete cycle) is called the wavelength of the motion. From here it will be easy for the reader to appreciate the fact that every wave motion is simple harmonic in its nature and vice versa. As was mentioned earlier, such a mathematically restricted or time-displacement bound motion can exist in one of the forms of a vibratory motion (along a straight line), an oscillatory motion (along an arc) or a revolutionary motion (along the full circumference of a circle). The last is the most general form of periodic motion from which its other forms emanate. The following simple diagrams will help the reader to grasp the graphic structure of such a motion. One cycle of a vibratory motion is called a vibration, that of an oscillatory motion is called an oscillation and that of a circular or revolutionary motion is termed a revolution. The structure of one full cycle of a simple harmonic or periodic motion and terms involved therein is explained below: 1. One cycle of a simple harmonic or periodic motion. (i) vibratory (ii) oscillatory (Iii) revolutionary:
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(i, ii and iii) The four strokes of a complete cycle, one vibration, one oscillation or one revolution: To summarise, the particle or object in periodic motion starts from the mean position, also called the rest position or the origin marked O and executes a stroke of motion to the extreme position B on one side of the mean Position (stroke/displacement 1 ); turns back and repeats the motion back to the mean/rest position O (stroke/displacement 2); continues the motion to the extreme point A on the other side of the mean position (stroke/displacement 3); finally turning back to reach the mean position O (stroke/displacement 4) to complete one cycle. In the circular case, however, the four stokes/displacements are unidirectional, each covering a successive quadrant of the circle of execution, from any starting point and coming back to it. In each of the three cases the motion is sustained by continued repetitions of this basic cycle throughout its tenure. The terms involved: 1. Each of the strokes 1, 2, 3 or 4 is called an Amplitude (actually two, each repeated twice). 2. The distance traversed after the four strokes or one full cycle (AB) is called a Wavelength. 3. Time taken to complete one full cycle is called the Time Period or simply the Period of the motion. 4. The reciprocal of the Period, i.e., 1/Period represents the number of cycles per second and is termed the Frequency of the Periodic Motion. Thus if T is the period and F the frequency of the vibration then, F=1/T or T=1/F. Relationships and physical significance of the terms used: 1. The Amplitude signifies the height/depth above/below the axis of propagation of the periodic motion (the mean line about which the propagation of waves generated takes place if the cycles are continually repeated). The measure of the amplitude affects the intensity of the energy propagated through the vibrations. 2. The Period T is the time taken in seconds to complete one full cycle. Each of the four strokes is completed in T. The period determines the speed of vibrations. 3. The Frequency is the number of cycles completed in one second and is given by 1/T. Frequency affects the energy of the vibrations. 4. Size of the wavelength depends on the frequency indirectly. That is, the smaller the frequency, the longer the wavelength, and vice versa.
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Mathematical conditions on the motion: 1. Time period is constant throughout. That is, each individual cycle is completed in the same time. 2. Amplitude is constant throughout. That is, the maximum height above the mean axis is equal to the maximum depth below it and its value remains unchanged throughout the duration of the motion. 3. The mathematical formula of a simple harmonic motion is: X = -a, where x = displacement; a = acceleration of motion and = the angular velocity of the motion. The minus sign before a means that the acceleration is always in the opposite direction of the displacement. That is, the acceleration reduces as the displacement increases, and so the direction of motion must reverse at each extreme point. 4. The displacement (distance moved) is proportional to the sine of the phase angle of the rising and dipping wave, due to the vibrations at any instant of time. That is, the time-distance graph of the motion is a sinusoidal curve or a perfect waveform. The reason the author has explained the periodic motion which is bound and restricted so much by mathematical conditions, and why he has laid down the graphical structure of one cycle of it, is that the author has observed very carefully the ways in which men of different faiths carry out their prayers. Christians, in their kneeling and prostrations execute (or at least mimic) the strokes of a simple harmonic cycle. Jews in their wailing and reading of the Torah execute (or at least mimic) the vibratory strokes with their heads. One only has to go to the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem to witness this. Muslims, in their mandatory and optional prayers, during their Qayaam and Juloos (standing and sitting), Ruku and Sujood (bowing and prostrating) execute (or at least mimic) all the strokes of one complete cycle of movements along a semi circle. In addition, if one would care to go to a Islamic Primary school where the Qur,aan is taught, one would see that all the students and the teacher are executing rapid vibratory strokes with their heads, while reading the Holy Quraan. Other religions also have prayer modes that can be linked to the execution of vibratory strokes. This observation led the author to ponder more and more on the Quraanic messages like the following three: Everything has been subjected to perpetuate the Tasbeeh of God Everything has been revealed the way of repeating Gods Praise and Glory You do not know their modes of repeating Gods Glory ''. Soon the very early knowledge of Physics and Chemistry suggested the all important clue that God has subjected, restricted or bound ALL THINGS only in one way. The
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molecules inside ALL MATTER execute a perpetual vibratory motion, be they solids, liquids or gases. Moreover ALL ENERGIES propagate in wave motions in which the particles of the medium in which they propagate through, are set to vibrate either parallel or perpendicular to the axis of propagation. Light energy can travel in space where there are no material particles present. But light energy also propagates with the help of the electric and magnetic fields generated, both of which vibrate at rightangles to each other and to the axis of propagation. Thus this mandatory vibratory motion executed by ALL ENERGY AND MATTER, apart from its other by-products (like generation of heat energy and determining the state of matter), is also in keeping with the way human beings perform their prayer rituals. Morover, the throats of birds and other animal can be seen vibrating even when they are silent. So it looks like the surest explanation of the repeatedly revealed messages in the Qur,aan that ALL THINGS are subjected to perpetuate the Tasbeeh of God. In the verses to be discussed below the readers will encounter clear divine support for this way of thinking of the author. The reader is requested to pay particular attention to verses 13:13, 17:44, 21:79 and 24:41: 13:13 And the thunder repeats His Praise, and so do the angels with awe of Him1, and He sends the loud-voiced thunderbolts and strikes with them whoever He will, whilst they dispute about God; and He is Almighty in His Power. 1. Thunder repeating His praise and angels doing the same unmistakably supports the authors theory of linking simple harmonic or vibratory motion (by the internal molecules of all matter and energy) to the act of perpetually Praising and Glorifying the Creator, as Thunder produces awful audible sound, and sound is only produced by vibrating things. The simultaneously produced charges of frictional electricity also set up the vibrations of excited electrons in that the passage of the electric charges through the atmosphere ionizes the particles of the atmosphere, setting them into their own vibrations. The extraordinarily loud sound of the thunder in itself renders the atmosphere into forced vibrations, Mention of angels further lends support to the author thinking that in their normal make and shape angels have wings and they stretch and flutter them constantly reaching from place to place executing vibratory motion. 17:44 The seven skies (heavens) and the earth, and whatever is in them praise His 1 Glory; there is not a thing but celebrates His Tasbeeh , but you do not understand how they celebrate their Tasbeeh2, surely He is All-Forbearing, All-Forgiving. 1. The author has shown above that ALL THINGS are made up of molecules that are subjected to vibrate, visibly or invisibly, and has associates the vibratory motion with a universal mode of worshipping, praising and glorifying God, that is, celebrating His Tasbeeh. The inner particles (Molecules) of every living and non living thing carryout this this periodic motion without any exception whatsoever and thus carry out a never-ending Tasbeeh mentioned in the message above.
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2. Ordinary men do not understand this because to do so an elementary knowledge of physics, mathematics and chemistry is needed and everyone does not have it. Even man does not know that while he refuses to glorify God and even refuses His existence, the inner molecule of his body are engaged in His perpetual worship. 21:79 And We inspired Solomon to understand it1, and we gave to each of them (to David and Solomon) judgment and knowledge; and We subjected the mountains and the birds to celebrate Our Tasbeeh with David2; and it was We that did these things3. 1. It is revealed in the Qur,aan that as a special favour, God had bestowed upon the Prophet (and King) Solomon son of the Prophet David (Peace be upon them both), the Gift of understanding the laws of nature, to hear the subsonic and supersonic sounds, to converse with animals of all kinds in their languages and to subdue and harness the Jinn-folk. His was a unique Army that included many kinds of animals (including birds), as well as the Jinn-folk. 2. As His special favour to David, God had bestowed upon him the Gift of a sweet enchanting voice. It is revealed in the Qur,aan that when David sang Gods Praise, the mountains around, all the birds and other animals around began to dance (vibrate audibly and otherwise) in unison with him. Scientifically this can be explained on the basis of the phenomenon called the constructive resonance of free and forced vibrators. In the case of the above revelation, Davids vocal vibrations acted as a free vibrator that set the mountains and animals around into forced vibrations, and soon there was a near resonance or unison of frequencies and the whole of the immediate surroundings started doing what David was, that is, sang the Praise, Glory and perpetuate the Tasbeeh of God in acknowledgement of His Greatness. 3. This part of the revelation is no less important as God asserts the information that He Himself was behind those phenomena. As God is the Planner, Originator and Promulgator of vibratory motion in EVERYTHING, there is a clear divine clue here that vibratory motion is associated with the perpetuation of His Tasbeeh. 24:41 Have you not seen how all that is in the heavens and the earth celebrates the Tasbeeh of God1, and the birds gliding outstretched2? Each knows its mode of prayer and praise3, and God knows what (exactly) they do4. 1. In this part of the verse as well, God is referring to observable phenomenon on the earth and in the heights above the earth and asks man the question whether those phenomenon are not seen by him. Inspiring curiosity and the spirit of research into His Signs by asking questions is one of the many unique styles of the Qur,aanic verses. To observe, reflect, ponder and find by thinking, analysing and experimenting the obvious and
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hidden Signs of God is a universal call of His to humanity at large through the verses of the Qur,aan. 2. Birds flying high into the atmosphere of the earth are yet another example of the vibratory motion serving the cause of God. The birds outstretch their wings and flutter them up and down to stay in the heights and maintain their flights. In executing the vibratory motion they (flying birds) celebrate the Praise and Glory of their Creator as well. 3. This part reveals that each and everything on the earth and in the heavens as well as the flying birds know (have been mandated by God) the way in which they are to celebrate the Tasbeeh of their Lord. That is, although vibratory motion is common to all, this motion can be carried out in so many ways and with so many different frequencies, that the mode of Tasbeeh for each group of things or animals becomes unique to it. For example, some do it audibly and some inaudibly. Again, out of those that do it audibly some do it loudly and others comparatively quietly. Some do it very fast and some slowly and so on. The chirping and chattering of birds at dawn and at twilight, the continuous croaking of frogs at night and the howling, shrieking, hissing and singing of wild animals and birds are different examples. 4. The revelation in this part suggests that God alone knows what mode of Tasbeeh He has mandated for which of His creatures, and He surely knows all the time that what He has mandated is being carried out by those creatures at all times. 57:1 All that there is in the heavens and the earth praises and glorifies God1, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise. 1. This is yet another repetition of the message discussed so far in the verses above. This message constitutes the beginning of chapters 57, 59, 61 and 64 as quoted in the first parts of the verses given below: 59:1, 24 All that there is in the heavens and the earth praises and glorifies God1, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise. 59:24 Glorifies God whatever is in the heaven and the earth 61:1 All that there is in the heavens and the earth praises and glorifies God1, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise. 62:1 All that there is in the heavens and the earth praises and glorifies God1, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Almighty, the All-Wise.
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64:1 All that there is in the heavens and the earth praises and glorifies God1, His is the Dominion, and His is the Praise2, and He has Power over all things3. 1. This is yet another revelation in line with all those quoted above. Perpetuation of the Tasbeeh of Gods Glory is a universal phenomenon because Gods 2. Dominion and Ownership spans over all there is! 3. The emanation of this universal vibratory motion to the molecules of all matter is just one pointer to the All Controlling and All Powerful authority of God. This again, is an attempt of the author to present an explanation of the verses based on mathematical and scientific principals with honest and sincere intent. What is the actual truth, God knows best.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 2: The Scientist vs. The Quraan
PART TWO MODERN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH THE SCIENTIST VS THE QURAAN
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 2: The Scientist vs. The Quraan
TWO FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS There are two fundamental questions that scientists are looking to each other for answers these days. One, how and roughly when (but not why) the universe came into being, and second, are we alone in the universe enjoying intelligent life? There are several other auxiliary but popular questions that arise as offshoots of the above two, such as the eighteen liated below: EIGHTEEN POPULAR QUESTIONS 1. What was there before the Event of the Big Bang? 2. Were there Time and Space before the Big Bang, the accepted moment of start? 3. At what point did time, as we know it today, start? 4. Why did the matter present prior to the Big Bang, explode? 5. What was created as the result of the Big Bang? 6. Are there planets outside our solar system within our galaxy? 7. Are there planets revolving round other stars in any other galaxy? 8. Do other stars exist that are exact copies of our Sun in all respects? 9. Are there other planets circling round any such stars? 10. Are there other planets with conditions exactly like those of our earth? 11. Is there other life out there, or are we alone in the universe? 12. If there is other life out there, is it older or younger than us? 13. Could that life be intelligent and more advanced in technology than we are? 14. If ever, and how, will the universe come to an end? 15. What will happen when the universe had ended? 16. Has man discovered everything that was there to be discovered? 17. If not, what is there yet to be discovered? 18. It is said that neither matter nor energy can be annihilated out of existence, but they can be transformed to some other state of existence or shifted to some other place, to make it look as if they have disappeared. If so, where will all the matter and energy making up the universe go when it meets its doom?
Suchlike and many more questions are before the scientists in this, arguably the most successful of all the past eras of scientific research and development. Not all of the questions listed above, have been successfully answered by the scientists yet. Extensive researches are, however, currently going on in the pursuit of answers to all these questions, and many more relevant to this field of research, in different parts of the world. The Quraan, on the other hand, has revelations that provide directly, or point implicitly to the possible answers of more of such questions than the scientists so far have managed to answer. Part Two of this book is devoted to looking at mans attempts toward answering these questions as well as the clues to them lying in the explicit, mixed and implicit verses of the Holy Quraan. This Part will comprise of two sections. In the first, the author will present a survey of the past and present researches and achievements of the scientists so far, their works at hand and their future programs as well as the relevant Quraanic revelations. In the second, the author will present the human as well as the Quraanic standpoints on Creation, highlighting the points of agreements and disagreements in them. As the bulk of material available for discussion in these areas is enormous both quantitatively and qualitatively, the author will have to be brief and selective. For this purpose the style of tabular presentation of information supplemented with short notes will be adopted. .
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 2, Section 1: Mans Findings on Creation
PART TWO, SECTION ONE MANS FINDINGS ON CREATION
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 2, Section 1: Mans Findings on Creation
Man has been curious about the extra terrestrial large scale objects in space around him from very early days. Study into cosmology started from those early days. The question of how and when the creation of the universe came about arose in the minds of those early thinkers as they became more and more involved in Cosmology. However, modern researches with aims concentrated at exploring the possible answers regarding the birth, development and all other details of the universe we all belong to, started only toward the beginning of the twentieth century, and answers to some of the very important questions listed earlier started to come in, and began to be accorded worldwide acceptance only toward the second half of it. Thus the picture of the universe that we have today is the result of an exceedingly prolonged evolution of thoughts and ideas propounded by thinkers, philosophers and scientists over a period of time extending from the very early eras to the most recent. The evolution of Religion and the revelations of the Divine Books also had a big say in the ideas put forth by early man. The Jews, the Christians and the Muslims (People of the Book) all had to say something in this regard and had to lend support, or to disapprove of the theories propounded from time to time. In the following chapters the author will take the reader back in time to acquaint him/her with the evolution of human thought and his research techniques over the centuries as well as his achievements and the build up of his models of the universe.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 20:; A Survey of Researchers on Creation Early And Medieval Eras
CHAPTER 20 A SURVEY OF RESEARCHES ON CREATION EARLY AND MIDIEVAL ERAS

The story starts with the beginning of mans curiosity about the large scale (macroscopic) cosmic structure around him, but out of his reach as far as distances are concerned. Thus the theories and methodology proposed and employed by the pioneers of this field resulted in the data collection and systematic development of one of the earliest of sciences Cosmology. One would agree with the fact that a theory is only based on the propounders attitude of mind (way of thinking), without any experimental support, there being no quick way for its acceptance or rejection. Only after another theory brings a more logical and mathematically verifiable idea to the contrary, does the previous theory die. Thus there is a continuous evolution of ideas going on in the fields of theoretical science. For want of space the author will present a brief survey of the theoretical and practical works relevant to this chapter, in the form of tables and brief relevant notes. This will not only enable the author to present more information in less space, but also enable the reader to digest more knowledge in a comparatively short time. For the convenience of tabular presentation the author will group the pioneer workers of this field into four categories, namely, the very early, the early, the renaissance and the post renaissance (or modern) pioneers. THE VERY EARLY ERA PIONEERS The story starts with the beginning of mans curiosity about the large scale (macroscopic) cosmic structure around him, but out of his reach as far as distances are concerned. Thus the theories and methodology proposed and employed by the pioneers of this field resulted in the data collection and systematic development of one of the earliest of sciences Cosmology. One would agree with the fact that a theory is only based on the propounders attitude of mind (way of thinking), without any experimental support, there being no quick way for its acceptance or rejection. Only after another theory brings a more logical and mathematically verifiable idea to the contrary, does the previous theory die. Thus there is a continuous evolution of ideas going on in the fields of theoretical science. For want of space the author will present a brief survey of the theoretical and practical works relevant to this chapter, in the form of tables and brief relevant notes. This will not only enable the author to present more information in less space, but also enable the reader to digest more knowledge in a comparatively short time. For the convenience of tabular presentation the author will group the pioneer workers of this field into four categories, namely, the very early, the early, the renaissance and the post renaissance (or modern) pioneers. SOME VERY EARLY ERA PIONEERS Name Pythagoras Plato Eudoxus Aristotle Aristarchus Ptolemy Date 580-500 B.C. 427-367 B.C. 408-355 B.C. 384-322 B.C 280 B.C. 140 A.D. Nationality Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Roman
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NOTES 1. Pythagoras of Greece is the first thinker, mathematician and scientist of repute to be involved in cosmology. He was essentially a great mathematician. His famous theorem about the relationship between the three sides of a right angled triangle is taught in the middle and high schools around the world even today. He also indulged quite successfully in cosmology and propounded a theory proposing a model of the universe. In his model, a spherical earth was seen as revolving round a big central fire (not the sun) in circular paths later termed as orbits. The next mentionable model of the universe was proposed by the famous Greek philosopher Plato. This was remarkably modified and improved to become the first presentable geocentric model. In it the planets revolved in circular orbits around a stationary earth, not the central fire. In the next model of the universe evolved by Eudoxus, the motion of a number of heavenly bodies was proposed in more than thirty concentric circular orbits around a stationary earth. He also made a good attempt to apply mathematics to the model proposed. Next came the propositions of the celebrated Greek thinker scientist Aristotle, the tutor of Alexander the Great. He made the Eudoxus model more elaborate by extending the number of concentric circular orbits to fifty-five. Aristotle not only made the model more mathematical, but also made a good attempt at suggesting the material of which the universe is built. According to his theory everything was made of what he called the four elements, namely, water, air, earth and fire. He also believed that a round earth was located at the centre of the universe, and was the first to forward some sound reasons for the roundness of the earth. Thus his was the first theory that, unlike his predecessors, made a good attempt at accounting for the material aspect of the universe. Aristarchus, another Greek, around 280 B.C. brought the model of the universe nearer to scientific reality. In his model, a heliocentric system was proposed for the first time in which a rotating earth and other planets revolved round the sun. Ptolemy, first of the A.D. era scientists (most recent of the ancient pioneers from our point of view), perfected the epicycle theory and extended the geocentric model. He did this in an attempt to explain the complicated motions of the heavenly bodies relative to the earth. He proposed that the sun moved round the earth in what he termed as a Great Wheel, and the planets moved in their own circular orbits (termed smaller wheels) at right angles to the grand circular orbit (the great wheel) of the sun around the earth. According to him the sun moved slower in the great wheel while the planets completed their epicycles much faster in their individual smaller wheels of different sizes. Ptolemys theory reigned unchallenged for some fourteen centuries.
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Before taking up the renaissance era researches, the author would like to point out that although there is apparently a big gap of time between the abandonment and resumption of research into cosmology, there was in fact a great amount of work done by Muslim thinkers, scientists, astronomers and cosmologists in this period. The contributions made and discoveries added by the Muslims both in the theoretical and the observational fields of astronomy and cosmology were of immense value to the scientists of the renaissance era. All the European universities of repute had their work included in their curricula at that time. Many of the scientists of the time openly acknowledged the Muslim scientists work and quoted their references whenever they made use of them. But, as the Muslim empires decline began, their works were incorporated into the works of the non Muslim scientists without any reference to their Muslim origin. People even went to the extent of Latinising the names of the Muslim contributors in order to distort their identities as Arabs and Muslims. The author regrets that he cannot, for want of space, present a detailed account of the Muslim researchers contribution to astronomy and cosmology. However, brief tabular information is included below about some of the pioneers of the Muslim research era (8th to 13th century A.D.) for the benefit of the reader. The Latinised names of the Arabs and Muslims by which they are known in the non Muslim world are also included in the table.
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SOME MUSLIM PIONEERS THE MIDIEVAL ERA Original Name Ibn Ishaq Al Qindi Thabit Ibn Qarrah Al-Battani Al-Farghani Al-Razi Al-Farabi As-Sufi Abu Al-Qasim AlZahravi Muhammad AlBuzjani Abu Rehaan AlBiruni Ibn Sina Al-Zarqali Omer Al-Khayyam, the Poet Al-Idrisi Ibn Rushd Al-Bitruji Dreses Averroes Alpetragius Avescenna Arzachel Latinised Name Alkindus Thebit Albategnius Alfaraganus Rhazes Alpharabius Azophi Albucasis (Father of modern Chemistry) Date 800-873 836-901 858-929 c. 850 864-930 870-950 903-986 936-1013 Field/s of Contribution Philosophy, Physics. Optics Mechanics, Geometry, Astronomy Mathematics, Trigonometry, Cosmology Astronomy. Cosmology Medicine, Chemistry, Astronomy Logic, Philosophy Astronomy Chemistry, Medicine, Philosophy, Geometry, Trigonometry, Astronomy Mathematics, Astronomy (determined the circumference of earth) Philosophy. Medicine, Mathematics, Cosmology Cosmology (invented the Astrolabe) Mathematics, Astronomy, Astrology, Cosmology Leap Year Calculations. Geography. Astronomy Philosophy, Astronomy Astronomy, Cosmology
940-997 973-1048
981-1037 1028-1087 1044-1123
1099-1166 1128-1198 1156-1204
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 35: Evolution of Mans Model of the Universe Post Renaissance And Post - Renaissance Eras
CHAPTER 21 EVOLUTION OF MANS MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE, THE RENAISSANCE AND POST RENAISSANCE ERAS
The reader may have noted in between the notes after the first table in the previous chapter, that the proposition of each next model was based upon the ideas of the previous model/s. Many other thinkers and scientists must have floated their own ideas so that each of the models described in that chapter was better than the previous one that it set aside. Ptolemys geocentric-epicycle theory, as mentioned at the end of the notes for the Table of early era pioneers in the last chapter, was not seriously challenged for nearly fourteen centuries. For mysterious reasons, researchers in cosmology stopped taking an interest in the field of cosmology and reverted to developing the classical sciences in other fields. One reason for this lapse in the researchers interest in cosmology in general, and the propositions about the models of the universe in particular, might be the increasing interference from religious institutions and authorities that were acquiring greater and greater influence over the way in which people were to be governed in those times. These institutions and authorities were going to the extent of denying the scientist the freedom of ideas in many fields of science including cosmology, simply because their views were in opposition to theirs. As a result, researchers had to put forward their ideas, hypotheses and theories in a roundabout and muffled way. Those who did not, faced persecution and indeed some of the pioneers of that era were even executed. Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish priest, was the first person to break the near fourteen hundred years lull in this area. He can truly be regarded as the father of renaissance cosmology. Though he could not escape persecution and ultimate punishment, Copernicuss ideas and theory produced a stir among the cosmology scientists and there was a great and speedy resurgence of research in this otherwise forgotten field of research. The author presents below a tabular selection of the pioneers that made notable contributions during the period between the fifteenth and twentieth centuries A.D. Brief relevant notes will follow each of the tables on the next pages. THE RENAISSANCE AND POST-RENAISSANCE ERA PIONEERS NAME Nicholas Copernicus Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler Galileo de Galilei Issac Newton William Herschel DATE 1473-1543 1546-1601 1571-1530 1564-1642 1642-1727 1738-1822 NOTES 1. The ideas of Nicholas Copernicus were indeed revolutionary, but for fear of being branded a heretic cleric, he first spread his thoughts anonymously. When he did put forward his model of the universe, he kept it simplistic in an attempt not to antagonize his fellow clerics. Even so, he gave to the world a valuable insight into the principles and laws about the cosmos that completely changed peoples approach to cosmological research. Thus, a sound foundation was laid on which the renaissance work that Copernicus initiated, could be furthered. In 1543, Copernicus took the brave stand that the earth is not at the centre of the universe. He propounded that our perspective on the universe should not be from any one preferred or privileged point in space. This became known as the Copernican principle of cosmology and became the basis of a future spate of further research towards an isotropic universe. In his model, Copernicus insisted that the revolutions of planets around the sun, and that of the moon around the NATIONALITY Polish Danish German Italian British German
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earth is the simplest model that can provide explanation of the complicated relative motions of the heavenly bodies. 2. Although he favoured a geocentric system over the Copernican heliocentric proposition, Tycho Brahe took up the Copernican ideas and became the first one to provide them with observational support. Brahes name is associated with the recording of a supernova in the Milky Way. 3. Joannes Kepler is also associated with the recording of supernovae in the Milky Way, but his main contribution is the introduction of the elliptic orbits for the planetary motions. He propounded three laws that were the tools for further research in the coming centuries. The three famous laws of Kepler are: (1) Planets move round the sun in elliptic paths keeping the sun at one of the two foci of the ellipse traversed. (2) The straight line joining the planet to the sun swept equal distances in equal times, and (3) The square of the Period (T) of revolution of a planet in an elliptical orbit is proportional to the cube of the semi major axis (R) of the ellipse of revolution. That is, T2 = KR3 , where K is the constant of proportionality. 4. Next came the Italian scientist and astronomer Galileo Galilei who was the first to make use of a telescope in the renaissance era. He observed the sunspots, discovered some of the satellites of Jupiter and explained the phases of the planet Venus. Sir Isaac Newton, the British genius of the seventeenth century accidentally discovered gravity and went on to postulate the three equations of accelerated motion and the famous Newtons law of Universal Gravitation which became the basis of a gravitational model of the universe. He is also accredited with the development of the very important branch of mathematics called Calculus. Last of this group was William Herschel, a German musician and amateur astronomer who immigrated to Britain so that he could do some serious research. He built the worlds largest telescope so far and discovered the planet Uranus and observed many nebulae in space. He is the link between the post renaissance era pioneers and the twentieth century greats. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY PIONEERS The very early era thinkers and the Muslim researchers works provided the data and working platform for the renaissance era scientists. They in turn became inspirational beacons for the twentieth century scientists, who in their own turn revolutionized the realm of cosmology. These scientists had the benefits of rapidly developing sophisticated technology in all scientific fields of research. The author presents below a tabular resume highlighting the notable researchers of our own times followed by very brief notes on their works and achievements. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY PIONEERS NAME Willem de Sitter Albert Einstein Alexander Friedman Edwin Hubble Abbe Georges Lemaitre Max Planck Stephen W. Hawking DATE 1872-1934 1879-1955 1888-1926 1889-1953 1894-1966 1858-1947 Born 1942 NATIONALITY Dutch American Russian American Belgian German British
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NOTES The works of the scientists of this era are so overlapped, as far as their announcements and publications are concerned, that it is not possible to write notes on them with serial numbers and in chronological order. The author will, therefore, describe the developments in the twentieth century as a continuous summary. No consideration will be given to strict chronology of the events, although the table above has been arranged in ascending order of dates of birth of the notable pioneers involved. An attempt will, however, be made to create a chronological effect by starting new paragraphs where necessary. In the third decade of the twentieth century, Einstein was putting forward the concept of Generalisation of Space and Time. His reasoning was that the presence of matter must make the space curved, just as a metal ball placed on a stretched rubber sheet will cause a depression in the sheets surface. Since the proposed curvature in the space was due to the high density of matter, it was regarded as the equivalent of gravity in the Newtonian model. But, his main problem was that in a curved space the principles of Euclidean geometry do not hold, that is, parallel lines are not parallel and circles are not perfect circles, meaning that the circumference of a circle is no longer given by the mathematical expression 2 x 22/7 x the radius and thus the laws of physics and mathematics no longer retain their validity. In 1932, the Dutch scientist Willem de Sitter, together with Einstein, developed the theory of expanding cosmology in which the spatial geometry resembles the Euclidean geometry of a flat space. Earlier in 1917 Willem de Sitter had developed his Spectroscopy-based universe in which light coming from very large distances was more and more reddened and the shift to the longer wavelength or red area of the spectrum increased with increasing distances from where the light came. This meant that with the help of spectroscopy, de Sitter based his model on the red shift and proposed an expanding universe which over the next decade won increasing support. Albert Einstein, however, was still supporting his spatial geometry curved space static universe model. He developed a whole mathematics of his gravitational field equations and became very famous for his theories of Special Relativity (propounded in 1905) and General Relativity (announced in 1916) and particularly for his mass-energy relationship E=mc2 where, E=energy, m=mass and c=velocity of light. Ironically though, Einstein did not win a Nobel Prize for the theories and the equation he is famous for, but he got it for what he is not famous for, the Photoelectric Effect. Between his theories of Special and General relativity, he appears to be adjusting his views from static to expanding universe. Earlier the German Alexander Friedmann and the Belgian Abbe George Lemaitre had initiated the theory of an expanding universe which was, as mentioned above, given observational support by de Sitters Red Shift in the spectra of light coming from distant extra terrestrial objects. The expanding universe, after Edwin Hubbles observational discoveries, gained a conclusive boost and wide acceptance. Researches started on the new view of cosmology in earnest when the American astronomer, apparently unaware of the works of Friedman and Lemaitre, but clearly influenced by de Sitters red shift evidence of an expanding universe in 1917, observed the recession of nebulae and measured the red shifts, resulting in the formulation a law about the expansion of the universe.. Hubble announced in 1929 that the measures of the observed red shifts were not random in space but were proportional to the distances and speeds of recession of the nebulae and that the moving away of the galaxies from us was an isotropic phenomenon from wherever we looked at it. The constant of proportionality involved was named as the Hubble Constant. His law stated that The velocity of recession is equal to the distance multiplied by Hubbles constant The numerical value of Hubbles constant was estimated by measuring the recession velocity of some bright nebulae whose distances were known from other independent measurements, and the value came to be 20 kilometres per second per million light years. With the observational confirmation of expansion of the universe by Hubble and his colleagues at the Mount Wilson Observatory in America, scientists began to argue that if the universe is continuously expanding, then at some time in the past, all the matter making up the universe must have been concentrated at the same spot occupying the smallest possible volume and an infinitely high density. Thus Friedmann, Lemaitre, de Sitter, Einstein and finally Hubble provided arguments, theories and observational data that set the stage for research aimed at the very origin of our universe.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 22: Prelude to the Big Bang
CHAPTER 22 PRELUDE TO THE BIG BANG

While the tide of the twentieth century researches turned towards the origin of the universe, scientists who were busy in researches about the material of which the universe is made, its behavioural patterns and other details including the measurement of galactic and intergalactic distances, did not give up their works. As far as the measurement of large scale distances is concerned, the path was shown by Aristotle, who estimated the circumference of the earth by recording the difference in the positions of the North Star as observed from a point in Greece and then from a point in Egypt. After that, methodology based on geometry and trigonometry was frequently employed by scientists to calculate large scale distances. Later, in the era of observational discoveries other methods such as the ones based on brightness (luminosity) and motion of cosmological clusters were employed. The author presents a table of information on these methods and the results achieved through them. Table 1: METHODOLOGY USED AND MEASUREMENTS MADE Method Employed for Estimation Parallax Parallax Cluster Motion Spectra Galaxy Luminosity Distant Object Involved Planets Nearby stars Star Clusters Spiral Galaxies Remote Clusters of Galaxies Distance Estimated in Light Years One light hour 50 120 100000000(108) 1010
In the twentieth century, the spectroscopic techniques, particularly the red shift measurement became the main method employed. One advantage of Spectral method was that infinitesimally small distances could be measured. The Scientific method of quoting very large and very small measures of mass, distance and time is to express the results in terms of powers of ten. The last cells of the last two rows in the above table have examples of this. However a table of number notations, the terminology used and the symbols employed for expressing such quantities should be of interest to the reader. Table 2: NOTATION AND TEMINOLOGY FOR LARGE NUMBERS Ordinary 10 100 1000 1000000 1000000000 I000000000000 Scientific 101 10
2
Term Used deca hecto kilo mega giga tera
Symbol Used da h k M G T
Example 2dam=20 m 2hm=200m 3kg=3000g 1MB=1 mega or 106 bytes 1Gm=1 giga or 109 meters 1Tsec=1 tera or 1012 secs.
103 10
6
109 1012
In the third and fourth decades of the twentieth century the divisibility of matter was also taken up as a field of research and soon scientists like Gay Lusac, Thomson, Rutherford, Chadwick and others had established Atomic Structure as a new branch of Physics. The Danish physicist Neils Bohr presented a theory of a
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 22: Prelude to the Big Bang
miniature particular universe and published his model of the Hydrogen atom with a heavy nucleus of one positively charged proton at the centre and a much lighter and negatively charged particle called an electron, revolving round it in circular orbits at quantized distances from the nucleus, explaining the empirically observed series in the Hydrogen spectrum. Soon his pupil Sommerfield added elliptic orbits to explain the fine and hyperfine structure observed in those spectral series. The measurements involved were of very small orders. The author gives below a table of scientific notations used in the realm of these micro measurements which should also interest the reader . Table 3: NOTATIONA AND TERMINOLOGY FOR SMALL NUMBERS Ordinary 1/10 (0.1) 1/100(0.01) 0.001 0.000001 0.000000001 0.000000000001 0.000000000000001 0.000000000000000001 Scientific 10-1 10-2 10
-3
Term employed Deci centi milli micro nano pico femto atto
Symbol Used d c m n p f a
Example 1dm=0.1m 1cm=0.01m 1mm=0.001m 1s=1micro sec 1ns=10-9 sec. 1ps=10-12sec. 1fs=10-15sec. 1as=10-18sec.
10-6 10
-9
10-12 10-15 10-18
Then Chadwick earned a Nobel Prize for the discovery of another particle in the nucleus. This particle had the same mass as the proton but was electrically neutral and so got the name Neutron. For some time protons and neutrons were thought to be the indivisible fundamental particles of which all matter is made, but the researches on these particles and the rapid development of quantum mechanics, established that the proton and the neutron are themselves made from tinier particles called quarks. There are six varieties of quarks distinguished by the labels of up, down, strange, charmed, bottom and top. For further purpose of their tagging, each is assigned a red, green or blue colour. A proton is made up of three quarks (two up and one down). The neutron, on the other hand is composed of two down and an up quark. The author will not tax the reader with further details of the fundamental particles. Suffice it to say that the development of Max Planks quantum mechanics with Paul Diracs wave-particle duality and Heisenbergs uncertainty and Paulis exclusion principles, the general theory of relativity of Einstein, and Hubbles observations and calculations equipped the scientist of the second half of the twentieth century with all the needed ideas, data, and all the large and small scale tools for the exploration of the origin of the universe. That is, the prelude to the event of Big Bang was complete The only other works of interest now were the black holes introduced by the wheel chair-bound Cambridge professor Stephen Hawking, and some cosmologists search for new and/or earth like Planets.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 23: The Big Bang and After The Scientists Account
CHAPTER 23 THE BIG BANG AND AFTER, THE SCIENTISTS ACCOUNT

The author will have to be very selective in describing the scientists account of the Big Bang and its immediate aftermath and long term future effects. It was mentioned in the previous chapter that Hubbles observational confirmation of the expanding universe meant that the entire universe, at some point in time would have been concentrated in one place occupying a minimal volume and hence an infinitely high density, from which the expansion started. Exactly how the expansion began was to be discovered. Before Hubble, two mutually rival propositions were floating in the scientific arena. - The Implosion or the Bubble Ccollapse theory, and the Explosion or the Big Bang theory. Supporters of the first theory were of the thought that the great mass of the matter present had a very low volume and infinite density and the great mass collapsed upon itself like a heavy bubble would. A horrific implosion occurred and the rearrangement of the universe began. Supporters of the second theory, on the other hand, argued in quite the opposite way. At one point in space and time, the great mass of the matter present concentrated at the same place resulting in a very small volume and an infinitely great density. The great lump of matter was enormously hot. At a fateful moment in time, the optimum conditions in the volume-density relationship and temperature reached what they called the condition of singularity that resulted in a gigantic explosion, and the debris of the matter present flew outward at great speeds. As a result the flying material started cooling and it began to condense into a new universe, orderly enough to be explainable by the laws of physics and mathematics. Hubbles observations and findings toward the third decade of the twentieth century decisively broke the back of the supporters of the bubble collapse theory once and for all, leaving the Great Explosion theory (popularly adopted as the Big Bang theory) to be universally accepted as true, and worthy of further research. This theory was also liked by the People of the Book (divine scriptures) the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims as it did not exclude God as the Authority of doing what He wished to do with His Created Stuff. Indeed, St. Augustine, in his book The City of God had even estimated a date for the origin of the universe as 5000 years before Christ based on the Book of Genesis. The idea of a big bang was actually initiated by a host of scientists ever since the talk of an expanding universe began, and thus no single person can be credited as the father of the big bang approach for the origin of the universe. Scientists can describe and explain the events that happened at the moment of the big bang and after it, but they are not yet sure about what was there before it. If you ask the scientist of the highest order today the question about details of time space and matter before the big bang happened, he will immediately go philosophical and take some time before uttering his carefully chosen words, Ah well, even if there was time it was irrelevant for our purposes any way, because we ought to have a starting point in time when the great event happened. As for the nature of material, that was irrelevant too, because the laws of physics and mathematics were not valid for it. In fact scientists regard the time when the extremely hot lump of matter had acquired an infinitely high density, sufficient to explode and start expanding, as the starting point for time. They call it a singularity and maintain that in such a situation ordinary laws of physics and mathematics break down. The reader, .by now, has known well that out of a Singularity came the gigantic explosion known by all of us as the BIG BANG. When it happened, the great lump of matter involved spread by the force of the explosion with great initial speed in all directions. The flying debris not only gained a great translatory thrust away from the centre of the explosion, but also picked up spin and rotational momenta. The high temperature began to come down as a result of the rapid expansion, and very quickly the fundamental particles, the quarks came into being. Soon heavy particles like the protons and neutrons were formed by various combinations of the quarks which captured newly formed lighter electrons, and atoms began to be born and thus matter started to build up. With each particle was born its antiparticle, that is, one of exactly the same size and mass but carrying an opposite electric charge, like the proton and antiproton, and the electron and positron pairs. When a particle and its antiparticle met they annihilated each other, producing a large amount of energy. For example, the annihilation of a proton with an antiproton produced one billion electron-volts of energy. Thus a rapid rate of particle antiparticle annihilation quickly filled the universe
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with energy. Luckily, the scientists argue, that all matter was not annihilated by antimatter because, although equal number of particles and antiparticles were born, the absorption and loss of some in the newly formed gas and solid environment made the number unequal, and happily more building particles remained than their annihilating antiparticles. As the temperature fell further, the clouds of dust and gases began to condense into clusters which began to fragment to give birth to objects like planets, stars and star systems like our own solar system. Galaxies began to cluster together as well. Gases and metals began to synthesize. The lighter elements followed by the heavier elements were formed. For the benefit of the reader, the author would like to present this fascinating account of the scientist with the relevant time scales in a tabular form: TABULAR PRESENTATION OF THE SCIENTISTS ACCOUNT OF THE BIG BANG EVENT AND ITS AFTERMATH NO: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 OCCURRENCE OF EVENTS Singularity Big Bang Particle, antiparticle pairs Creation Inflationary (rapid) Expansion Annihilation of proton-antiproton pairs Annihilation of electron-positron pairs Nucleosynthesis of helium and deuterium Temperature Radiation Matter abundance Transparent Universe Galaxy Formation Galaxy Clustering Protogalactic cloud collapse Stars formation Quasars born, Population II stars formation Population I stars formation Interstellar cloud formation Collapse of protosolar nebulae Planet Formation Cratering of Planets Terrestrial rock formation Microscopic life begins Oxygen rich Atmosphere born Macroscopic life Earliest fossil record Early land Plants Fish Ferns Conifers, TIME MEASURED FORWARDS 0 0 10-43 second 10-36 second 10-4 second 1 second 1 minute 1 week 10,000 years 0.03 billion years (300,000 million) 1 to 2 billion years 2 billion years 3 billion years 3.1 billion years 4 billion years 7 billion years 10.2 billion years 10.3 billion years 10.4 billion years 10.7 billion years 11.1 billion years 12 billion years 13 billion years 14 billion years 14.4 billion years 14.55 billion years 14.6 billion years 14.7 billion years 14.75 billion years TIME MEASURED BACKWARDS 15 billion years 15 billion years 15 billion years 15 billion years 15 billion years 15 billion years 15 billion years 15 billion years 15 billion years 14.97 billion years 13 to 14 billion years 13 billion years 12 billion years 11.9 billion years 11 billion years 8 billion years 4.8 billion years 4.7 billion years 4.6 billion years 4.3 billion years 3.9 billion years 3 billion years 2 billion years 1 billion years 0.6 billion years (600 million) 0.45 billion years (450 million) 0.4 billion years (400 million) 0.3 billion years (300 million) 0.25 billion years
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30 31 32 33
Mountains Reptiles Dinosaurs, Continental Drift First Mammals Homo Sapiens
14.8 billion years 14.85 billion years 14,95 billion years 15 billion years
(250 million) 0.2 billion years (200 million) 0.15 billion years (150 million) 0.05 billion years (50 million) 2 million years
The Reader will have noticed that the large majority of cosmic scientists estimate the age of the universe as 15 billion years. This is evident from the sum of the last two columns in each row. Although some scientists estimate the Singularity time as much as twenty billion years ago and even older rock has been reported by some researchers, the international scientific authorities and large majority of scientists have agreed with the overwhelming version of 15 billion years. Also scientists divide the 15 billion years period in several eras, a birds eye view account of which is given below. THE SCIENTISTS DIFFERENT ERAS OF CREATION The scientists also label the times of important events with names representing that time or range of time (era). For example, the big bang time (row 2 in the table above) is known as the singularity time, the event of row 3 as Planck Time, the event of row 4 as Inflation era, the event of row 5 as Hadronic era (Hadron is the overall name given to nuclear particles taking part in the strong nuclear interactions, like protons, antiprotons, mesons, baryons etc.), the event of row 6 as Leptonic era (Leptons are extra nuclear particles such as electrons, positrons, muons etc.). Similarly events of row 7 are labeled as Radiation era, that of row 9 as Matter era and that of row 10 as Decoupling era.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 24: The Scientists Final Model of the Universe
CHAPTER 24 THE SCIENTISTS FINAL MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE

The red-shift measures for the various eras fall from infinity at Singularity Time to unity by the events of row 16 in the previous chapters table. This means that expansion of the universe has slowed down regularly with the passage of time, except during the Inflation era when the rate of expansion, although falling down as compared to the rates of the Singularity and Planck Time, suddenly rose to a hundred times that of its present value. Since the Inflation era there has been no abnormality observed in the rate of expansion of the universe until recent times, and it does not seem to be likely to be observed ever again. So, as a result of extensive human researches and resulting contributions up to Hubble, we have a transparent, continuously expanding and isotropic universe with galaxies and clusters of galaxies, full of different kinds of shining, decaying and collapsing stars giving rise to Black Holes in space, systems like our own solar system, planets and satellites, dust and gassy nebulae and all there is in it, where objects exchanging forces mutually regardless of their masses and the distances between them. Objects also have localised forces. There are four forces playing their crucial parts in the universe, namely, the Strong Nuclear, the Weak Nuclear, the Electromagnetic and the Gravitational forces. A word about the Black Holes is necessary for the benefit of the lay reader. As mentioned above, these are formed when a big star has lived its life and finally the enormous mass of the dead star collapses upon itself. There is such enormous gravity inside the black hole, the scientists maintain, that there is a singularity at its centre, the result being that the laws of mathematics and physics no longer hold inside a black hole. Consequently anything that is sucked in by the huge gravity of a black hole is supposed to vanish for ever as no account based on mathematics or physics can be given about it. The name black hole was probably adopted due to the analogy with the perfectly black body designed by Perrin, whose perfectly black body absorbs all wavelengths of radiation that are incident upon it, or those that go into it, giving the impression that the incident or the incoming radiation has been lost. It is a scientific fact, however nothing exists that can truly be perfectly black. In other words, there cannot be a perfectly black body that absorbs one hundred percent radiation, and what Perrin designed was only an almost perfectly black object. Moreover, a perfectly black body is also a perfectly white body according to laws of physics, because it has the capability to radiate all possible wavelengths as well. Our sun is regarded by physicists both as a perfectly black as well as a perfectly white object. Arguing on these lines one starts wondering whether there is a real singularity at the centre of what is called a black hole, and if there is, it should be renamed as a black pot or a black cave, or a white cave for that matter. The author will discuss the Quraanic version of creation and the Qur,aanic model of the universe, including further remarks on the black holes, in the next section.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 25: The Quraans Big Bang Account of Creation - I
CHAPTER 25 THE QURAANS BIG BANG ACCOUNT OF CREATION-I

The Quraan reveals a graphic account of the event of Creation including the Big Bang Event, the origin of the universe, its evolution into its present shape as well as the origin of life. The Quraan is not a textbook of science or any other discipline of knowledge, and so one would not expect the exact names and details of everything that God created, or the dates of occurrences of event for that matter. The Quraan, however, does provide guidelines for the moral, spiritual, psychological and social rightful behaviours of humanity. At the same time it provides information about Gods Truest Attributes and His Multifarious Signs, as well as His entire Creation, through explicitly, and more often implicitly revealed pieces of information, pointers and clues. God wants mankind to reflect and research to explore the keys for unlocking the wealth of Knowledge about Him and His Creation. His Signs are visibly scattered around Man, and it is Mans duty to respond to Gods call to ponder and research in order to appreciate the underlying principles, laws and other details of His Creation. The author will present the verses relevant to the Big Bang Event and its aftermath, with the usual brief notes for the benefit of the reader in a topic oriented format: THE BIG BANG EVENT AND THE ORIGIN OF CREATION Since this is a very important verse, the author will quote the translations of various learned translators before starting any discussions on it. 21:30 Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation)1, before We clove them asunder2? We made from water every living thing3. Will they not then believe? Abdullah Yusuf Ali. 21:30 Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were of one piece1, then We parted them2, and We made every living thing of water3? Will they not then believe? M. Pikthal. 21:30 Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece1, then We parted them2? And We have made from water every living thing3. Will they not then believe? Dr Muhammad Mohsin Khan & Dr Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali. 21:30 Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together1, then we clove them asunder2, and We made every living thing out of the water3? Will they not then believe? Ahmad and Dina Zidan. 21:30 Do not those, who do not believe (in what the Prophet says to them), reflect that the heavens and the earth were joined together1? Then we separated them2, and from water created all living things3. Do they not believe this (Power and Authority of God)? Moulana Abul Aala Moudoodi, (Urdu). Moulana Moudoodi is one contemporary scholar who, although not a scientist himself, has really strived hard to study the modern scientific trend about Creation and other Quraanic Revelations in general. His famous six volume commentary titled Tafeemul Quraan (Understanding of the Quraan) does reflect his effort. His translation of the verse 21:30 above, however, does not seem to be fully up to what he writes in his commentary. While commentating on the verse above, he writes in Note 28, page 156, volume 3 of Tafheemul Quraan, and the author quotes: In fact the words Ratq and Fataq have been used. The meanings of Ratq are: To be in one place, to be gathered together, to be joined with each other, to be close together, to be attached to each other; the meanings of Fataq are: to tear apart, to separate. He further writes: The initial picture appears to be that the heavens and the earth were one big mass and then were separated into different parts to create the earth and the other cosmic objects as various other Worlds. The author is of the opinion that the Moulana should have used the first of the two meanings of Fataq in his translation of the verse in order to convey a truer picture of the event.
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The reader will have noticed that all the translators convey the same message, though they have used different words to translate the Arabic verb that describes the actual Big Bang event. There are innumerable other translations that cannot be accommodated here for obvious reasons. If the reader is inquisitive and looks at other translations, he/she will find descriptions like: separated, split apart, tore asunder, took apart, clove asunder and the like. All, however, will be found conveying the same message that fits very well with the scientists term Big Bang. The author thinks that the translations tore apart, Clove asunder or even exploded asunder portray a picture much closer to reality. This is because according to the laws of mathematics and physics, which are God designed and promulgated of course, it is a forgone conclusion that when a single gigantic lump of mass, bound together by forces of immeasurable magnitude, with an infinitely large density and extremely high temperature, is split or torn or clove asunder, the act will involve an explosion of enormous proportions. So the author, without differing from the translations of all the other learned ones, will prefer a translation of this verse that generates the most scientific description of the event: 1. The first part of this highly important but short verse questions with a sense of wonder, the indifferent attitude of those who are not prepared to believe in what is said in the Quraan, and subsequently conveyed to them by the Messenger of God, Muhammad (peace be upon him). The sense of wonder is implied in the question as to how someone can deny the phenomenon that is a proven fact for others. If there is a True Fact, obvious or not, its logical and/or scientific proof does exist that should manifest itself or be discovered at some point in time. How strange that when the proof is established by men, people are ready to believe in it, but it is not believed by them on the basis of their Creators Revelation or His Messengers preaching. In such a style the all important message is delivered in this part of the verse that all the material for the heavens and the earth was joined together in a single mass. Implied in the revelation are the scientific facts that the single mass must have had an enormously high density and hence the smallest possible volume, extreme pull of gravity and other binding forces of enormous magnitude as well as extreme temperature, the conditions that the scientists describe were there just before the Big Bang explosion or as they like to term it, the Singularity. This four word (only one in Arabic) part of the verse reveals the actual happening of the Big Bang event itself. This part reveals that all life was originated from water, or that water is a common element in the creation of all living things. This is a message which again is in full conformity with scientific findings. This message has been discussed earlier, and more details will come when the creation of life is separately discussed. Also the detailed account of the aftermath of the Big Bang will be found revealed in a large number of Quraanic verses, some of which the author intends to present and discuss now:
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Despite its enormity and ferocity, the Big Bang explosion turned out to be a controlled event. The isotropy and symmetry orientated manner in which the creation of the universe, and the multifarious life in it came about, was gradual and in stages. This clearly suggests that every period or era of creation was originated by a Supreme Planner, Designer and One Who is Alone, without any partner/s and possesses the Power and Authority to enforce and execute what He plans and designs. He creates, and there is no Power that can come in His Way or stop Him doing and implementing what He Wills. Whether the scientist agrees or not, commonsense endorses what is revealed in the verses already presented, as well as the following ones: GOD IS THE ORIGINATOR OF ALL CREATION 6:14 Say: should I take for myself a protector other than God, the Originator of the heavens and the earth1, He who feeds and is not fed! Say: I am commanded to be the first of those who submit to the will of God, and not be of those who join gods with God2. 1. This part declares unequivocally that, not only is God the Originator of all Creation that there is, but He is its Protector and Maintainer as well. The author has added an appendix at the end of this
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book forwarding the scientific evidences of God being the Originator and Promulgator of all the laws accrding which His entire creation is running its course. 2. This part reveals Gods unquestionable Absolute Unity. Mankind has been commanded through Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to join no gods with Him. THE PLANNED, PERFECTLY DESIGNED AND FLAWLESS UNIVERSE The following verse reveals the creation of the earth and all it contains: 41:9 Say: Do you disbelieve in the One Who created the earth in two periods of time1? Do you ascribe equals to Him? He is the Lord of the Worlds2. This part will be presented again when the Quraanic periods of creation are taken up for discussion. In this part the use of worlds the plural of world explicitly points to all other creations of God in addition to the universe that we all know. The very first verse of the very first revelation as a full chapter from which the presently edited Quraan begins has this very message reserving all Praises that there can be for the Lord of the Worlds. The following verse clearly states that God creates everything according to a Master Plan, mandating the laws and functions of operation to whatever He creates, providing complete safety and security to the entire system of His Creation: 41:12 So He ordained them seven Firmaments in two periods of time, and He assigned each Firmament its mandate by Revelation. And We adorned the lower Firmament with illuminaries, and provided it with a Safe Guard. Such is the Decree (Plan) of the Almighty, the All Kowing. Verses 41:9-12 will be presented again and discussed fully in the next chapter. The following verse speaks of the Firmaments raised without any pillars, His Elevated Throne, Movements of the Cosmic Objects and their subjugation to His mandated Laws and their life terms. 13:2 Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that you can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected the sun and the moon (to his Law)! Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed. He doth regulate all affairs, explaining the signs in detail that ye may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord. The following two successive verses speak of the flawlessness of Gods Creation in a challenging style: 64:3 God is the One Who created the seven Firmaments one above another, You cannot see any imperfection in the creation of God, Most Gracious. Take a look, turn your sight again! Can you see any flaw? 67:4 Again turn your sight a second time: (your) vision will come back to you frustrated and exhausted. THE DOOM AND RECREATION 10:34 Say: Is there any of your associates who can originate creation, and then recall it back again? Say: God originates the creation and then recalls it back again1, so how then are you deviated far from the Truth into falsehood. 1. This is another of the many verses that reveal the message that God alone is the Originator of all Creation. In the underlined part, the Holy Apostle and Messenger of God (peace be upon him) has been commanded by God to question all mankind, if there was an originator of creation other than God. The answer to this question has been a no for times as old as the creation of intelligent life itself. Indeed from times since man has lived on earth, no tribe, nation or civilization has ever claimed that a god was there, other than God, that they thought responsible for the act of creating a single thing of all that we see today. This fact is enough for anyone who is able to exercise the intelligence granted to him/her by Providence that God the Originator of all Creation, is the Only
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God, and that He has the Power to bring His creation to an end and to recall it again as and when He Wills. For arguments sake, if there were to be other partners or gods besides Him, God could not have designed and created the universe as we see it today, free of any flaws, and with a durability extending from the times of the Big Bang to who knows when. Commonsense demands that one accepts that the creation that we see around us can only be the Work of One Who is All Alone and has an absolute Free Hand in what He wants to plan, design and carry out. Finally the verse declares that what has been revealed in the Quraan is nothing but the Truth. THE MICROSCOPIC CREATION The Quraan does not give the names and sizes of the fundamental and other particles created, but in its own style reveals the concept of the smallest of particles in several of its verses by way of admonition. For example, the underlined parts of these verses: 10:61 And whatever the business you may be busy with, and whatever portion of the Quraan you may be reading, and whatever deed you may be doing, We are Witness thereof when you are deeply engaged in; and not so much as the weight of an atom on the earth or in the heaven, is hidden from your Lord; nor is anything smaller or greater, which is not recorded in a Manifest Book1. 1. After saying anything of the weight of an atom the message goes on to say nor anything smaller or greater. This clearly suggest, apart from large microscopic objects, there there are particles tinier than the atom. And the pointer unmistakably goes to the quark! So if the author translated, he would employ a quarks weight rather than an atoms in these verses.. 99:7 And whoever has done an atoms weight of good shall see it. 99:8 And whoever has done an atoms weight of evil shall see it. THE MACROSCOPIC CREATION The reader will find explicit revelation about macroscopic creation like the earth and other planets and their moons, the sun, the stars and the galaxies, in the following verses. These are but a few from a large number: 7:24-28, 56; 27:35; 29:57; 43:60 THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE The following verse reveals explicitly that the Creator is continuously expanding the universe: 51:47 The heaven, We have built it with Power. Surely We are expanding it; The ongoing expansion of the universe, which has been observationally discovered by cosmologists, astronomers and scientists only in the second half of the twentieth century, was revealed in the Holy Quraan as early as the sixth, and indeed was revealed in the earlier Divine Books given to David, Moses and Jesus (peace be on them all) many more centuries ago. Although, the rate of expansion is falling, it is continuous and will continue until the expiry of the universes appointed term according to the verse above from the Holy Quraan. The reason for the continuous expansion could be partly due to the enormous initial force of the outward blast due to the Big Bang and partly due to the fact that the pull of Gravitation of the first sky (first of the seven heavens, which the scientists do not want to know about) on the universe below is far greater than the force of Gravitation of the universe on it. However, both reasons are God originated, promulgated and controlled.
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THE PERIODS OF CREATION The reader will remember the scientists table of the Big Bang event and the happenings after it. The various rows in that table represented different periods of time or the stages and eras of creation. There are also verses in the Quraan that broadly speak of periods, stages and eras of creation. The author will compare the scientists version of these stages and eras of creation with those revealed in the Holy Quraan, in his brief discussions of the relevant verses: 7:54 Surely your Guardian-Lord is God who created the heavens and the earth in six periods of time1, then He established Himself on the Throne2, He makes the night cover the day, each seeking (to cover) the other in rapid succession3. HE created the sun, the moon and the stars, governed by laws under His Command4. Are not the creation and the governing laws for Him5? Full of Blessings is God, the Cherisher-Sustainer of the Worlds6.
1. This part of the verse reveals that God created the heaven and the earth in six periods of time. The Arabic word used is Ayyaam which is the plural of youm, and a youms prevalent meaning in English is day. For example Sunday is called Youm-al-Ahad, Monday is Youm-al Ithnain etc; and if an Arab would want to inform you that he went somewhere on a particular day, he will say he went there on that youm. For this reason, many translators have said that God created the heavens and the earth in six days. Today the sciences of mathematics and physics have made it abundantly clear to everyone that what we regard as a day is due to the motion of the earth in relation to the sun. That is, the time in which the earth spins round its own axis once, which is duration of a night and a day of our reckoning. It is, therefore, not right to translate Ayyaam as days because there was no earth or sun at that time when God was creating everything. Moreover, the day does not comprise of one fixed unit of time everywhere in the universe. The duration of the day for all planets and each of their satellites is different, and in the Hereafter God has revealed in the Quraan days and nights of different durations. For example: (i) Verse 22:47: And they ask you to hasten the chastisement, and God will not fail His Promise; and surely a day with your Lord is as one thousand years of your counting. (ii) Verse 32:5: He decrees all affairs from the heavens to the earth, and then shall He return it to Himself in a day whereof the measure is a thousand years of your reckoning. (iii) . Verse 70:4: The angels and the Spirit ascend unto Him in a day whose measure is fifty thousand years. (iv) Verse 97:3: the Night of Al Qadr is better than one thousand months. (One thousand months make 83 years, 1 month and 5 days if a month is taken of 30 days). It follows that the duration of a day can be extremely large or small depending on the environmental situation responsible for that day. For example, in the realm of atomic structure, an electron completes one revolution around the nucleus of the atom in an exceedingly small fraction of a second. The correct translation of Ayyaam in this verse, therefore, is periods of time and not days. 2. Gods present Throne was also included in the after Big Bang creation and so the period of its creation is also included in the six period of time 3. It is after that much of creation that God is mentioning rapid succession of nights and days Then again, as the word rapid suggests. That succession may not be 12 hours cycle which we have now due to the relative motions of today's earth and the sun. 4, 5, These two parts of the above verse are an endorsement by God of other similar messages of His that all entities of the universe and the laws governing them are from Him and that He is the Lord, cherisher and sustainer of all the worlds. 10:3 Indeed your Lord is God, Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods of time1 then established Himself on the Arsh (the Throne)2 regulating and governing all affairs3. There is no intercessor except with his leave. This is God, your Lord; therefore worship Him, will you be admonished?
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This part again reveals that God carried out all creation, including His very Elevated Arsh in six periods of time, the division of which will come under discussion in the next chapter. This verse reveals that after completing the act of creation He established Himself on the ultimate piece of His creation, the Arsh or His Throne of Authority. The most important point to understand is that God is incessantly managing and protecting what He has created, as revealed in this part.
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32:4 It is God Who has created the heavens and the earth, and all there is between them, in six periods of time, then He established Himself on the Arsh (the very Elevated Throne)1, you have no protector or intercessor besides Him. Will you not then receive admonition? 1. This part of the verse also reveals six periods of time in which creation was completed by God. However, God has revealed explicitly in this part, that the six periods of time did complete the creation by adding and all there is in between them (the heavens and the earth), as well as mentioning the very Elevated Arsh, (His Throne), the ultimate Work of His Creation. The remaining (not underlined) part of the verse explicitly says that God is Omnipotent and ever protecting of His creation. CREATION AND ORIGIN OF LIFE In the verse that reveals the Big Bang event, verse 21:30 quoted and discussed at the beginning of this chapter, God revealed that He originated all living things from water. This suggests that there was enough water in the form of vapour and the water of crystallisation in the single mass (before the Big Bang), and in later eras, the creation of life began from it. One gathers from the revelations that God created intelligent life after the completion of all other creations in the universe. This suggests too that man, the last of his intelligent creatures, was created to study and appreciate Gods Work and to glorify Him. Life in water like the fish, whales and other amphibians as well as plants, must have been created earlier as they are the articles of provision that were created before man was sent to adopt the earth as his abode. So the scientists estimate and order of the eras for the creation of life as given in the table of after Big Bang events seems correct. In the Quraanic terminology this must correspond to the end of the fourth period of time as we shall see in the next chapter.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 26: The Quraans Big Bang Accout of Creation II The Break-Up of The Six Periods of Time
CHAPTER 26 THE QURAANS BIG BANG ACCOUNT OF CREATION-II

THE DIVISION OF THE SIX QURAANIC PERIODS OF CREATION This chapter is devoted to account for the Quraans own break up of the Six Periods of Creation as discussed in the previous chapter, and to comparing the Quraanic division with the eras of creation of the table of Big Bang events containing the scientists account of creation. The topical format will be maintained. CREATION OF THE EARTH IN TWO PERIODS OF TIME 41:9 Say: Do you disbelieve in the One Who created the earth in two periods of time1? Do you ascribe equals to Him? He is the Cherisher-Sustainer-Lord of the Worlds2. 1. This part reveals that the first two Periods of time were devoted to the creation of the earth. The reader will note that the author has used inverted commas for earth in the topical caption above. This is because he wants to emphasize that the word earth in the translation of the verse above should not be taken as the little planet earth alone, but the whole universe containing it. The author has been stressing all along that the word earth (in Arabic the word is the same but the ending th is pronounced like th in the word the is pronounced) has been used in the Holy Book to mean both the planet earth as well the whole universe that man sees. Wherever the word earth has been used in relation to mankind and other life, it means the planet earth, but where it has been used in relation with the sky/s, creation as a whole or a Sign of God to be studied, it means the entire universe as encompassed by the first heaven/sky/canopy/firmament. Accordingly the author assumes the latter meaning here. So it is revealed in this part of the verse under discussion that the universe, containing our planet earth was created in two out of the total of six periods of creation. Comparing this with the scientists eras, the first two periods of time revealed in the Quraan apply to the creation of the physical bodies (matter) and energy of the whole universe, rows 1 to 33 of the table plus cretion of God the scientist does not yet recognise. containing the scientists account of creation and thus together span over 15 billion years (for the completion of creation of matter and energy only). As the Quraan is not a textbook on any one subject, and its primary aim is only to guide and prepare man toward a good end at the Final Accountability, the Quraan should not be expected to give the account of creation by seconds and minutes. Its up to us to ponder over and reflect as to what portion of creation was completed in the first of these two Quraanic periods of creation and what in the second. The author will make an attempt at this, basing his reasoning on both the scientific data and the Quraanic guidelines, towards the close of this chapter. This part provides a support to the line of translation taken by the author, as having revealed that the earth was created in two periods of time, God ends the verse by proclaiming Himself as the Supreme Lord of the Worlds. This clearly indicates that our planet earth is not the only world; many other worlds came into creation with it in the two periods of creation revealed in the first part of the verse. SUSTENANCE AND PROVISION OF THE EARTH 41:10 And He set in it (the earth) mountains standing firm1. He bestowed it with Blessings2, He measured therein its sustenance in four periods of time3, in due proportions, in accordance with needs of all the seekers4.
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The previous verse has revealed the creation of the universe. Now comes the revelation about equipping and providing it with its needs and requirements, so that it can run uninterrupted for its
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life term as fixed by its Creator. The first part of this verse says God provided it with firm standing mountains. This has been discussed before, that mountains were necessary to give the earth a uniform density, lest its spin and revolutions might not be regular. This must also be true for other planets as well, and scientists indeed have discovered and established other planets and satellites with mountains on them, so this verse is also describing the earth as the whole universe and the preposition it has been used to refer to the universe in its entirety, and not merely for the small planet we call earth and live on. 2. In this part, Bestowed it with Blessings is the Creators way of saying that He provided and equipped the earth with everything needed for its smooth running for the entirety of its life term. Mountains for the uniformity of densities have already been mentioned. Other things needed are the very laws and terms of reference for each and every individual item of creation. The elements and compounds in the form of air, water, atmospheres, self and mutual binding forces of just the right magnitude and direction, physical and chemical properties for the identity and general functional behaviour of every individual thing created, and above all, the sustenance for all living things, that is, all the Zoological and Botanical stock created from microscopic to macroscopic sizes, and so on and so forth. The sustenance could be well inside the crust, like minerals, salts and energies, or in water like sea food, or it could be visible on the surface, like herbs, vegetables, fruit and live stock. The sustenance could also be in indirect precious forms like pearls, diamond, silver, gold and other metal ores, fuels like oil and gas. These could easily be converted to hard currency leading to getting all sorts of direct sustenance required by life. The designing and quantization of such needs and provisions for the entirety of the created universe consumed two more periods of creation, additional to the two already mentioned for the birth of the universe, making the total of four. Some critics have said the four periods of time are mentioned only for the provision of the needs and that exhausts all the six periods of creation. The author agrees with all the learned commentators of the Quraan that this is not so. The four periods of time of this verse are inclusive of the two periods of creation mentioned in the last verse. In the Arabic style of description, what is said at the end encompasses what was said in the beginning, even if a sense of overlapping or repetition is generated. So it should be understood that according to the above two consecutive verses, the messages are that the physical creation of the universe, and its being blessed with all the needs, took four periods of time in all. Thus the four Quraanic periods of creation revealed in this verse cover completely the entire table of the scientists account, a period of 15 billion years from mans reckoning. All the seekers here means each and every single thing created, whether living or non living. Different creatures needed different physical and chemical properties, functional mandates, supplies and provisions in different quantities to live out their granted life terms. Those were given to them in the most accurate quantization. Other items of creation needed their governing laws and terms of reference for their own functioning for the life terms granted to them. This was also designed and mandated to them by Revelation in the overall four periods of time. CREATION OF THE SEVEN SKIES IN TWO PERIODS OFTIME 41:11 Moreover, He comprehended in Design the sky, when it was smoke1, and said to it and the earth: come into being willingly or unwillingly! They said: we do come in willing obedience2. 1. The above verse has the message that the heavens and the earth were all formed from the material, that exploded in what is popularly known as the Big Bang, that was flying into expansion like smoke. This revelation is in complete conformity with the scientists accounts. The analogy of smoke is what the cosmologists term as nebula, a cloud of dust and gases. This first part of the verse reveals that when God exploded the single giant mass and began to create the universe according to His Master Plan, the building materials of the heaven as well as the earth were in the form of a nebula-like smoke.
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This part reveals that God addressed the building material of the heaven and the earth and commanded both to assemble, complying with His Design willingly or unwillingly. Both replied (not by words but by action) in the affirmative, with a sense of humble obedience just as in the manner a creature would submit to the will of its Creator. This style of ordering is in conformity with Gods general method of creation the reader will have come across earlier as that of Be! And it is!
41:12 So He completed them as seven heavens in two periods of time1, and He revealed to each heaven its mandate2. And we adorned the lower heaven with illuminaries3 and provided it a guard4. Such is the Decree of the Almighty, the all-Knower5. 1. Starting from the creation of the earthly universe (in four periods of time), God went on to carry out His Master plan to complete seven heavens, in two further periods of creation making them six in all. The seven heavens are mentioned by different names, all being used in the Quraan to describe their various functions, for example they have been described as the skies, the canopies, the firmaments and the roofs of the universe. God has specifically invited man to reflect how He has raised them high above the universe without any pillars that man can see. Verse 31:2 and 88:18 should be read in continuation with the preceding verse 88:17.
2. This part tell that the heavens (and this is true for every other creation of His as well) were mandated their terms of reference and lifetime etc by direct revelation to them at the time of their creation. 3. Lower heaven refers the fist sky, the neares to us. Illuminaries include all the stars planets and moons that we see shining and glowing at night time. Guard in this part point to what we called the undisturbable balance that the Creator has accorded to His Universe by way of the mutual forces exchanged between the created objects. This final message in the verse clearly proclaims that everything is not only created by God, but is according to His Master Plan decreed bh Him to come into being with all the need the information, laws and requisite provisions revealed and mandated to all creation. THE QURAANIC PERIODS OF CREATION AND THE SCIENTISTS AFTER BIG BANG TIME CHART COMPAFED So according to the revelations in the Quraan, the Big Bang and the creation as its result took six periods of time of the Creators reckoning. From our reckoning, its a story of some 15 billion years. Please refer back to the table summarizing the scientific account of the Big Bang and after. Now, the six Quraanic periods of time may, again, be of different durations each, and how much of the entire 15 billion years is covered exactly by how much of the six periods of time revealed in the Quraan cannot be exactly determined. We have seen in the previous chapter that the Quraan has direct information as well as implicit clues to the microscopic as well as the macroscopic creation matching the scientists details of the whole 15 billion years. We cannot just divide 15 billion by 6 and estimate how much was created in each of the Quraanic six periods by simply saying that one Quraanic period of time is equal to 15 billion/6 = 2.5 billion years. Such a calculation will not be right as the author has discussed and shown above according to the Quraan, periods of time are of differing durations. By careful study and reflection over all the numerous relevant verses of the Holy Quraan and after a careful scrutiny of the accounts of the cosmologists and scientists, the author lays down below a table of comparison between the cosmologists chart and the Quraanic revelations, as far as the after Big Bang Eras and Periods os Time are concerned. The exact facts are only known to the Almighty Creator alone.
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TABLE OF COMPARISON BETWEEN THE SCIENTISTS TIME CHART AND THE QURAANIC PERIODS OF TIME Items of Creation Physical creation of items covered by rows 2 to18 of table on page 221. Physical creation of items covered by rows 18 to 33 of table on page 221. Creation of life, mandating of laws and provision of other needs and sustenance of all creation. Creation of seven heavens and establishment on the Arsh (Throne); creation of intelligent life The entire universe ready functioning and expanding. Scientists Reckoning 4.7 billion years Gods Reckoning First period of time
10.3 billion years
Second period of time
Further two periods of time, making four periods of time in all. Last two periods of time.
15 billion years
Six periods of time
This is just conjectural comparison. Only God is the One Who best knows the actuality of all facts.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys ChapteR 27: Mans and Quraans Models A Comparison
PART TWO: SECTION TWO

CHAPTER 27 MANS AND QURAANS MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE
A COMPARISON OF THE TWO MODELS By now the reader should have had a fairly clear idea of the models of the universe that the researchers have presented based on their findings and observations, and also of the one that the Quraan presents through divine revelations. The Quraan endorses mans model almost in its entirety, but the scientists and cosmic researchers have no idea about more than half of the universes model presented by the Quraan, or may be they do not want to know it. For this reason the author deems it necessary to give a comparative presentation of the two models in this chapter. Mans model, comprises of everything that came into being after the Big Bang (except the heavens and what is in them, in between them and above them) and has evolved into its present shape in several eras of time spreading over a period of fifteen billion years, which the majority of scientists tend to agree on, although some scientists have talked of some concrete evidence of matter and of life claiming that the universe is much older. The reader has come across the details of what is there in mans universe in previous chapters. All scientists are unanimous on the issues that the universe is continually expanding and that it will come to an end at some point in time in the remote future. There is no unanimous agreement on how exactly it will meet its end though. The Quraans is a twofold model, or more correctly, a two-in-one model. The author has been referring, in his discussions, to the two parts of the Quraanic model as the earthly universe and the heavenly universe. The earthly universe, according to the Quraan, is the same as the scientists model plus the first heaven/sky/canopy/firmament that encompasses whatever was created as the Big Bangs result, and which is concentric with the exact point where the Big Bang took place. In fact the first sky is common to both the universes described by the Quraan. The heavenly universe revealed by God, but not known to the scientists, consists of seven skies (including the first one mentioned above as encompassing the earthly universe) plus the very elevated Arsh (Gods Throne), that encompasses the entirety of both the earthly and the heavenly universes, also concentric with the point that was the location of the Big Bang. The Quraan also reveals finer details of what is in the haevenly universe. The author will represent the two universe models (mans and Gods) by diagrams before discussing their points of agreement and disagreement. THE MANS MODEL Fig.1 below is a diagrammatic representation of the final model given by the scientists after centuries of evolution of ideas, theoretical postulations and observational research. The singularity point and the Big Bang, some fifteen billion years ago is depicted at the center of the diagram in black, while the universe comprising of galaxies, galactic clusters, nebulae, stars, star systems, star constellations, dying stars, black holes with singularities at their centres, planets with their moons, meteorites and comets all floating in a space, that can curve like a thin rubber membrane, is contained in the shaded spherical area around the central point of initial explosion. The arrows showing that the universe is expanding symmetrically in all directions. The inter-galactic and inter-star distances are so great that they are expressed in millions of parsecs (one parsec = 3.2 light years). This makes the universe isometric, that is, from whichever point in space you look at the universe, it looks the same around you or, you feel yourself located at the centre of it. See fig.1 below.
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Fig. 1: Mans Expanding Isometric Model of the Universe
THE QURAANS VIEW ON MANS MODEL Fig. 2 below shows the Quraanic view of the mans model of the universe. In addition to the mans model as shown on the previous page the Quraan adds what it call Sama-ad-dunya (sky of the world) which is actually the first othe seven skies and the Arsh that make what the author has bee calling the heavenly universe. The Quraanic revelations, make the first of the seven skies, that was also created as a result of the Big Bang, as the common link between the earthly universe studied by man, and Gods heavenly universe, not known to the scientists. The author will now present first the heavenly universe and then the Grand Unified Universe created by God, as a result of the Big Bang, as revealed in the Holy Quraan on the next pages.
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The First sky
Fig. 2: The Quraans Modification Of Mans Model
THE QURAANS MODEL Of THE HEAVENLY UNIVERSE Fig. 3 below shows the Quraans model of the heavenly part of the universe also created together with the earthly model after the Big Bang. It comprises of seven concentric skies/heavens/canopies/firmaments (the first of them being common to the earthly as well as the heavenly universes) and the all encompassing Arsh, the very elevated Throne of God. It also contains all there is on them as well as in between all of them, and the continuum above the Arsh also belongs to it. When the earthly universe will be brought to an end by God, everything will be shifted to this universe after Gods re-creation act, and wherein, after the Final Accountability, will be the Eternal Abode for mankind and other life that there will be. The inter-heaven distances could be billions and trillions folds larger than those of the inter-galactic and inter-star distances of the earthly universe, and the cross-sections (thickness) of the individual heavens could also be measurable in light years and parsecs. See diagram below:
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Continuum
Continuum
Continuum
Continuum
Continuum Continuum
Fig. 3: Model of the heavenly universe as revealed in the Quraan
THE QURAANS GRAND UNIFIED MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE The Quraan reveals that a single harmonious universe was created as a result of the Big Bang. The two parts of the Quraans unified Model have so far been referred to as earthly universe and the heavenly universe, both of which, according to the Quraan, were created in six periods of time starting from the Big Bang event. The two actually exist together in harmony and form an overall Grand Unified Universe (referred to by the Quraan as Aalemeen, meaning the worlds). There are words in Arabic and other languages of the Muslim world by which the unified universe is known, such as Saqlain meaning two Gravities, Kounain meaning two Stations and Daarain meaning two Places. In all cases the dual number is used. The author thinks this is of a high scientific importance from the exchange of the Universal forces of gravitation and many other considerations. It is really unfortunate that scientists have chosen to ignore more than half of the universe because they cannot see it or believe in it, although it is a well known attribute of the scientists that they always go after and start their hectic researches about unseen things if they get the slightest clue of its possible existence from any source whatever. The reason here
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seems that the unseen part of the universe is bound to bring in the existence of God, faith, life after death, and the accountability in the hereafter, and they want to avoid all this and keep science aloof of such notions. This is, however, not going to work for ever and sooner or later they will have to accept the reality
in order to forge researches ahead or to declare a false dead end to scientific research. The latter will also not work as there will emerge other nations and generations that will take over and proceed through the falsified dead end. The diagrammatic scheme of the Quraans grand unified model is given on the next page.
Continuum Continuum
Continuum Continuum
Fig. 4: The Quraans Unified Model of the Universe Earthly and Heavenly models merged
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The earthly (or as the scientist proudly says our universe) is depicted in the centre. The diagram also generates, to some extent, its relative size in comparison to the heavenly part. A comparison highlighting the points of concord and discord between mans and Gods models, is laid out in the next chapter.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 25: Points of Concords and Discords Between The Scientists and the Quraanic Models
CHAPTER 28 POINTS OF CONCORDS AND DISCORDS BETWEEN THE SCIENTISTS AND THE QURAANS MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE
THE QURAANS MODEL OF THE GRAND UNIFIED UNIVERSE The figure at the end of the last chapter should be visited by the reader once again in order to appreciate fully the complete Universe created by God in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The author has been referring, thus far, the whole creation of God by two terms coined by him, to give the reader an idea of the entirety of creation, as the earthly universe and the heavenly universe. According to the Quraanic revelations the two universes mentioned above are actually one. The entire system was created in harmony with each other with a mutual security balance that no power, other than the Creator Himself can disturb, and to exist together until such times as the system in its entirety will meet its doom and will be recreated by its Creator.. According to the Quraanic revelations, as the reader should have already come across, mankind and jinnfolk were created in the heavenly part of the Universe and then sent down to make an abode on the planet earth in the earthly part of the Universe. We live our mortal lives on the planet earth and commit deeds whose accountability we shall face after the Doomsday, in a universe created anew after the present one has met its Doom. Thereafter every one will live in the promised Gardens of Bliss or the Pit of Fire according to the result of the Final Accountability in which none shall be wronged in the least. The scientist only recognizes the earthly part of the Quraanic Model (depicted by the small coloured spot at the centre of the fig. 4 in the previous chapter), and he does not know the heavenly part of it (depicted by the eight concentric circles and the Continuum above). A tabular presentation of the points of concords and discords between the scientist and the Quraan is laid below for the benefit of the lay reader: TABULAR PRESENTATION OF THE POINTS OF CONCORDS AND DISCORDS ISSUE The Singularity SCIENTISTS STANDPOINT Scientists believe that there was a point in space-time when the curvature of space was at its maximum, and hence a minimal volume. The Big bang happened in conditions of Singularity. THE QYRANS STANDPOINT The presence of all the material of the earth and the skies in one single mass and its separating asunder by the God at a particular moment in time is revealed. However, as the Quraan is not a textbook on any one subject, no details are revealed of the conditions leading up to the Big Bang, but the scientific findings are not denied either. Space-time before the Big Bang event not irrelevant at all. Calling it irrelevant amounts to the denial of the existence of God and His pre Big Bang creation that became the cause of the Big Bang explosion of the material that was there already. The Quraan endorses the scientists standpoint in all details except that the universe that we see today is created and shaped by God according to His Master Plan and Design, and is functioning according to the laws mandated by Him. Every single particle of material and
Space-time
By space- time is meant the three dimensions of space coupled with the fourth dimension of time. Scientists regard the space-time before the Big Bang as irrelevant for the purposes of what was created after the Big Bang. According to the scientists the matter present at the condition of singularity exploded with a Big Bang and the universe that we see today came into being. The creation that took place as a
The Big Bang
Creation
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 25: Points of Concords and Discords Between The Scientists and the Quraanic Models
result of the Big Bang, both material and life, evolved on its own, and developed its functioning laws for itself. Some scientists, however, do not completely preclude Gods Hand being behind the Work of Creation.
Age of the Universe Contents of the Universe
At least Fifteen billion years.
All that man knows there is in it. Details have come in previous chapters.
Properties of the Universe
Isotropic and perpetually expanding
Possible duration of the Universe
Not exactly known. Any bodys guess.
End of the Universe Manner of the Universes End
There will be surely an end to the universe. There is no one agreed theory about how the universe shall meet its end when it will. So this issue is not yet resolved by the cosmologists. The scientist agrees with isometric and symmetric states of the universe, but is silent about Gods challenge about its flawlessness.
every single species of life in the universe in its entirety, however big or small, is created by God according to His Flawless Master Plan and Perfect Design, including the appropriate laws for the Universes smooth and error free functioning and, the right amount of sustenance required by the living creatures in it. Six periods of time. A period of time may be as small, or as large as one can imagine. In addition to all that man sees and knows, there are, according to the Quraanic revelations, much more of the stuff not yet known to, and discovered by man. For example the seven heavens and the Great Arsh that the Quraan reveals were created in the six periods of time after the Big Bang, and whatever is on them, and in between every two of them, is not known to the scientist. The universe is harmonious and homogeneous, isotropic and flawlessly symmetrical as well as it is involved in a perpetual but controlled expansion. A life term has been mandated by God for the universe, but the exact duration of that life term is only known to Him. God did not disclose this information even to His angels or to any of his Apostles. As such, no human being does and shall ever know it, and it, certainly is NOT a matter of guesses for mankind, or any other creature for that matter. There will be a sure end to the universe in its entirety. The Quraan is very scientific on this subject. Please see details in the Section on THE END OF THE UNIVERSE. In the Quraan God challenges those who deny the flawlessness, riftlessness and symmetry of the Universe saying that all creation is from Him according to His Plans. See 64:3 and 67:4.
Flawlessness of Creation
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part Three: End of the Universe
PART THREE THE END OF THE UNIVERSE
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 29: The End of the Universe
CHAPTER 29 THE END OF THE UNIVERSE-I

VARIOUS THEORIES FORWARDED Another area where the Holy Quraan declared its verdict in favour of one out of several scientific proposals developed only in recent years is the End of The Universe. The scientists believe that this Universe will come to an end. However, they are not confident how that end will come about. Consequently, over the last two centuries they have been contemplating the end of the universe according to a variety of scientific phenomena, such as: 1. Many think that the end of the universe is only Solar system related. They argue that the Sun has a finite amount of energy to radiate and it is exhausting that with every passing moment of time. Slowly but surely, they say, a time will come when the sun would die its own death, and that would be the end of the universe as we know it. A section of Physicists attributes the end of the universe to a phenomenon called Entropy. By the word entropy is meant a state of chaos or restlessness. Physicists believe that the earth as well as the rest of the universe, is involved in an irreversible process of energy transfer with stars like the sun. That is, the earth is receiving energy from the sun all the time without giving any back to the sun. This irreversible process, they say is increasing the earths entropy all the time and slowly but surely a time will come when the earth would surpass its optimum level of entropy reaching the state of singularity. That would be its end! Some groups of Physicists see the universe being destroyed by the process of Destructive Resonance, but they cannot see a primary resonator (source of forcing vibrations called a free vibrator) that is required to bring such destruction about. This will be explained later as the Quraan has overwhelming support for this theory. Environmental Scientists see the ever increasing pollution as the ultimate cause of the universes end. Some say the final disaster will come due to drowning when all the icebergs will melt and the oceans swell and overflow to drown everything. Environmental Biologists have their own view point. They see population explosion as the cause of rapid exhaustion of the ingredients of life and a consequent death of the earth. One more scientific theory that enjoys the support of geniuses like Albert Einstein is that at some point in time, the rate of stars collapsing into black holes will become so fast that the resulting black holes will start merging into one another. Finally the entire universe will become a single black whole with conditions of grand singularity, and that will be the ultimate Doom. There are verses in the Quraan that apparently support this idea which will be presented and discussed later.
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There are many other scientific propositions floating about. But as the scientists do not seek to take help from divine sources, none of the groups can stress their proposition as the only true one. The key to the dilemma of the Scientists, and in particular that of the Physicist, lies written down in hundreds of verses of the Holy Quraan.
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WHAT THE QURAAN SUPPORTS The Quraan supports the Destructive Resonance phenomenon (No. 3 above) and contains an extensive report about not only the required source of forcing vibrator or the free vibrator to bring it about but elaborate graphic accounts of how the end of the universe would come about, and what will happen after it. As mentioned in No. 7 above, there are Quraanic verses that apparently support the idea of the merger of black holes into one grand supernova singularity. However, it would be wrong to think that the Quraan lends support to more than one theory regarding any one event. It, therefore. follows that verses that point to theory No. 7 (or to any of the Nos. other than 3 above) are actually stages of the approach of the Final End by the phenomenon of the Destructive Resonance (theory No. 3). In the next three chapters the author will present a layman friendly description of the phenomenon of destructive resonance, as well as the Quraans account of the end of the universe.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 30: End of the Universe - II
CHAPTER 30 END OF THE UNIVERSE-II

DESTRUCTIVE RESONANCE EXPLAINED EXAMPLES AND MAKESHIFT DEMONSTRATIONS Scientists, as has been mentioned before, believe in and predict the end of the universe. They, however, fail to put forward a unanimously accepted theory regarding the occurrence of the predicted end. Again as mentioned earlier, the Quraan, on the other hand, reveals that an extremely scientific phenomenon of physics shall be made to become the sure cause of the FINAL DOOM of the universe when its term granted to it by the Almighty Creator comes to an end. That phenomenon is not unknown to the Physicist who calls it Destructive Resonance. In this chapter the author will venture to explain the lay reader what is involved in Destructive Resonance. When a forced vibrator vibrates under the compulsion of a free vibrator, and the natural frequency of vibration of the object forced to vibrate approaches that of the forcing agent, a jerky and jolty phenomenon called Beats occurs, and as soon as the two frequencies become equal Destructive Resonance takes place. At that moment the amplitude of the resultant vibration abruptly jumps to a maximum and the abrupt jump of the amplitude proves to be very destructive and the object under forced vibration can be torn apart and violently shattered. THE PHENOMENA OF BEATS AND RESONANCE By definition, the phenomenon of resonance occurs when a vibrating agent (called the free vibrator) forces another object (called the forced vibrator) to vibrate with its natural vibrating frequency under its influence and the frequencies of the two become equal, resulting in the amplitude of vibration jumping to a maximum value. This is a destructive phenomenon and can take place with mechanical, light, sound or electrical waves. The author shall describe below some practical examples of the resonance of sound frequencies and some easily arrange able experiments that will help the reader, who has no knowledge of physics, understand the phenomenon called Resonance: 1. When a Tuning fork is vibrated, it produces little or no audible sound, but when its stem is rested on a wooden box or a table top, a sharp audible note is heard. This is because when the vibrating tuning fork is in touch with the wooden surface it forces it to vibrate and conditions of resonance (increase of amplitude of vibration) are met. A contingent of army soldiers marching across a river via a suspension bridge are always commanded to break their formation over the length of the bridge, lest the rhythm of their steps becomes a forcing vibrator putting the suspension bridge into forced vibrations and achieving the point of resonance resulting in the destruction of the bridge (and themselves with it). Similar standing instructions are given to train drivers not to maintain a constant speed when passing over a suspension bridge. Rhythmic clapping in a house of glass is forbidden lest the persistent echo due to the multiple reflections of sound from the surrounding glass walls reaches a point of resonance and the glass house comes down like a house of cards. An object should not be left on top of a radio or television set that is kept switched on, lest the object will comes under forced vibrations, reaching resonance with the frequency of sound from the set underneath and get damaged or even blown away. This actually happened to President Roosevelt of the USA during the Second World War, when he used to spend much of his time by his radio set listening to the war bulletins, while leaving his watch on top of the radio set. It is true that an expert singer capable of maintaining a vocal frequency for long spells of time can shatter a glassy object by generating forced vibrations into it to the point of resonance.
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In addition to the above examples of destructive resonance in some practical environments, the author describes a few simple experiments, done with the help of some simple pieces of apparatus which anyone can put together, and have practical demonstrations of resonance of free and forced vibrations for him/herself. 1. Take a measuring cylinder and fill it more than two thirds with water. Take a narrower glass tube and arrange to dip it at various lengths in the water. At each of the dipped lengths take a vibrating tuning fork over the open air end of the glass tube. Do this for various lengths of the glass tube dipped in the water. At some particular lengths of the glass tube in water you will hear a sharp note of sound, and hear nothing at other positions. This is because at the positions where a sharp note is emitted the forcing vibrator (the vibrating tuning fork) and the forced vibrator (the air column in the glass tube above the water level) are in resonance with each other. Arrange what is known as Sonometer. A Sonometer is a longish hollow wooden box over which a metal wire is fixed which can be given different tensions either by a winding key system, or by running the free end of the wire over a pulley and hanging different weights on it. Place two knife edges under the length of the wire. Keep the position of one the knife edges fixed and vary that of the other. For each length of the wire between the two knife edges, mount a very light paper rider on the wire between the knife edges. Place a vibrating tuning fork on one of the knife edges. At some particular lengths of the vibrating wire, the paper rider starts shaking and soon agitates to fly off the wire. The shaking effect is due to the phenomenon of beats while at the fly-off position resonance has occurred. At those lengths where the shaking starts, the forced vibrator (the wire) is in near resonance; and in the fly-off position, the vibrating length of the wire is in full resonance with the forcing vibrator (the vibrtatig tuning fork). Take just over a metre length of glass tube, and after throwing some liquopodim powder in it close both its ends with corks. Pass a length of a thin metal rod through one of the corks so that it almost reaches the other cork into the tubes length and you still have a convenient length of the rod out on your side of the cork. Rub the length of the metal rod left out of the tube vigorously with a rough cloth. In a short while the powder inside the tube starts shaking, then agitates and finally flies to collect as little heaps at different equidistant points inside the tube along its length. Actually the forced vibrations produced in the air column enclosed by the corks at each end are restricted and get reflected upon themselves forming points of no vibrations at all and of maximum vibration called Nodes and Antinodes. Where there are antinodes the amplitude of vibration is maximum and the powder particles are tossed away from there, they agitate around and settle down at the positions of nodes where there is no vibration or the amplitude is zero. This goes on until all the powder inside the tube collects as little heaps at all nodal points inside the tube. This is called Kundts tube experiment. In this experiment the vibrations that you give to the metal rod by way of its violent rubbing are free vibrations, and the vibrations that the air inside the closed tube picks up are forced vibrations which ultimately resonate with the free vibrator. THE PHENOMENON OF BEATS EXPLAINED When an object is executing forced vibrations under the influence of a forcing vibrator, and when the two are nearing resonance, the phenomenon of beats occurs when the forced vibrator starts to vibrate with a frequency equal to the difference in the frequencies of the two vibrating systems. For example, if a tuning fork vibrating at 540 Hertz is used to generate forced vibrations in a length of a Sonometer wire, and when the frequency of the length of the wire under forced vibrations rises to nearly that of the forcing tuning fork, say 536 Hertz, the wire will vibrate at the frequency of 540 536 = 4 Hertz This frequency of vibration of 4 Hertz is called beat frequency. If the vibrations of the forcing vibrator are maintained, the difference of frequencies of the two systems will decrease to 3 Hertz when the wires frequency rises to 537 Hertz, to 2 Hertz when it has gone up to 538 Hertz, to 1 Hertz when it registers a frequency of 539 Hertz (beats fading all the time), and finally they vibrate together with the same frequency of 540 Hertz. At this moment the beats disappear, the amplitude of the combined vibrating system takes a maximum
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value and the phenomenon of resonance takes place. Thus the appearance of beats frequency is a fore runner of resonance producing a warning of the approaching resonance by way of agitated shaking and jolting of the vibrating system, In the Sonometer experiment described above, the shaking and agitating effect of the light paper rider before flying off the wire is due to beats, while its actual flying off the wire is due to resonance, so beats serve as warning signal for an imminent approach of the ultimate resonance of frequencies. In the Kundts tube experiment, the start of a shake up and agitation of the powder particles are due to beats and their heaping at point of zero vibration (Nodes) is due to resonance. In the first experiment with the water cylinder and the glass tube, one hears a trembling sort of weak sound notes when beats start and a sharp note due to the occurrence of actual resonance. In the soldiers on the bridge example, if the soldiers would march in formation with a maintained frequency of their steps, soon they will receive jolts due to the beats phenomenon. If they persist with their march in formation, they will soon be tossed into the air together with the shattered bridge. The following curve/graph shows how from smaller beat-amplitudes the amplitude suddenly jumps to a maximum at the Resonance Point O, giving rise to abrupt destruction:
Resonance Point Beats Beats Frequency
There are verses in the Quraan revealing that the universe will receive big jolts and terrible shake up prior to it finally flying apart into destruction or what is popularly termed as THE FINAL DOOM. These verses having the graphic accounts of the end of our universe, are presented and discussed in the next chapter.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 31: End of Universe - III
CHAPTER 31 THE END OF THE UNIVERSE-III

THE QURAANIC ACCOUNT The author will advise the reader to please read once again, the examples and experiments of the last chapter with care, as they will go a long way to help understand the Quraans version of the end of the universe. According to the Quraanic revelations the end of this universe will come when it will be made to resonate with the forced vibrations generated by the Trumpet blown by one of Gods angels (named Israfeel) on His Command at an Hour, known only to Him. The author has enclosed the word Trumpet in quotation marks, because it may generate so many imaginings of its different versions in a readers mind. For example, in olden times an animal horn or an artificial enlarged simulation of it was blown to call people to places of worship, for summoning tribal public meetings and for declaring war against an enemy. A longish metal trumpet began to be used later for announcing the kings or his armys moves, and other occasions of extraordinary importance. Later still, a shorter version of the metal trumpet was adopted, which was, and still is, blown to call in or disperse infantry soldiers as well as on occasions of other important ceremonies. The exact version or size of, the Trumpet (Soor in Arabic) that has been revealed in the Quraan has not been disclosed, but according to the information revealed, three Blasts will be blown at three different occasions in three different modes, because the purpose of each Blast will be different. With the first of the Blasts, our earth, together with the rest of the universe, will be terribly jolted and shaken to create a universal state of terror and a general expectation of some fearful happening. When the second Blast comes, life would end in its totality and the entire universe will come into resonance with the forced vibrations generated by the Blast. The amplitude of the resulting forced vibrations/oscillations will become critically maximum, that is, point of resonance will be reached, and the condition of what the scientists call singularity will be achieved suddenly and all physical objects, such as the mountains, the planets, the moons and the sun and the heavens would shatter into their particles and powders and would merge into each other and float and fly away like clouds and carded texture of wool. This will be the effective end of the universe! For the third Blast, the Trumpet blown will be in the mode of a bugle blown for summoning or gathering crowds. Immediately after its sounding, the dead will rise and rush with downcast eyes, like flocks of locusts and shall stand to face their Creator and Resurrector, the Sole Master of the Day of Judgment. The author will present further details of these events in his discussions of the relevant verses from the Quraan below. The three different occasions and purposes of the Trumpet Blasts are not be found in the Quraan in a sequential order, as the Quraan is edited in a different order than it was revealed in. Also some verses talk of all the three modes, some of the combination of any two of them and others of any one mode only; information has to be pieced together by studying the whole of the Book. However, an orderly account of the Three Trumpet Blasts is found in the Prophet Muhammads (peace be on him) Traditions. The author describes below, in his own words, the information contained in one of the detailed Traditions of the Holy Prophet (peace be on him), found in all authentic books of the Prophetic Traditions and the source of which is traced back successfully to a very senior, close and trusted Companion of the Prophet (peace be on him), Abu Hurairah (may God be pleased with him). According to the Tradition, there will be three different Trumpet Blasts, each with a particular purpose. Brief details are given below: 1. The first is Nafaq Faza whose purpose will be to give the universe a terrible shaking and jolting. As a result of this Blast, the earth will be so shaken and jolted that its direction of spin will get reversed and the sun will be seen rising from the west. Living beings will be thrown in a state of utter chaos. People will loose their memories and enquire of each other regarding the terrifying situation, like madmen. Pregnant mothers will abortively deliver their pregnancies and parents will go oblivious of their children. The Prophet (peace be on him) described the condition of the earth at that time, as that of a boat tossed around by the waves of a fierce tide, or a chandelier being put in violent oscillations in all direction by unusually forceful winds. The second blast is Nafaq Saeq. As a result of this single Blast, mountains will become powdery and move as if they were mirages and the earth will lose its curvature becoming a plane
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of sand. Further, he said, the moon, the sun and the stars will be extinguished and shall scatter to merge with one another, and finally the sky will give way and become open like one big gate. All living beings will be dead instantaneously. In scientific terms briefly, all laws of Physics will cease to hold and there would be nothing but Meta Physics. The Third Blast, the Nafaq Qayaam le Rabb-il-Aalemeen will raise the dead into living beings again, for their collection in front of the Almighty God when He will establish the Court of Justice where no one shall be wronged and every soul, after being shown the Spread Sheet of its deeds in the first life, will be given a Just and Befitting Award. The Acquitted and the Convicted both will live in the abodes earned by each for times ever after. In his discussions of the relevant Quraanic verses below, the author will call the Nafaq Faza, as the first Blast or the first mode of the Trumpet, or simply the first mode; the Nafaq Saeq or the Second Blast or Trumpet Mode or simply the second mode and finally the Nafaq Qayaam le Rabb-il-Aalemeen or the Third Blast as the Third Trumpet Mode or simply the third mode: The author will also present and discuss the verses from the Quraan that suggest that the condition produced by the Second Blast will be analogous to a second Big Bang and the recreation of a new eternal universe will take place to replace the the destroyed one. The author will present and discuss these verses under three headings, each representing the result created by each of the three Trumpet Blasts. THE FIRST BLAST: THE BIG SHAKING, JOLTING AND TERROR Following are some of the verses that are wholly or partially related to the first Trumpet Blast situation: 22:1 O people fear your Lord! Indeed, the shaking of the Hour is a mighty thing1. 22:2 The Day you will see it2, every suckling mother shall forget the child she suckled, and every pregnant one shall lay down her burden3, and you shall see mankind as drunken, yet they shall not be drunken4, but the chastisement of God is dreadful5. The above two successive verses, the first and the second in the chapter 22, describe the picture of awe and terror, mankind shall encounter when the first Trumpet Blast will come. To have an appreciation of the full proportions of the chaos that will ensue, the two verses should be read together in succession. So the author has chosen to discuss the two together: 1. This verse clearly reveals that it will be merely a tremendous shaking of things like an earthquake of unprecedented proportions and not a case of destructive resonance resulting in singularity causing the end of life and the annihilation of the universe (which will be the result of a second Blast as discussed above). 2. The preposition it refers to the convulsion of that fateful Hour (moment when the first Blast will be sounded). 3. This part emphasizes the severity of awe and terror of that Hour by describing the condition of the mothers, because motherhood is considered to be the strongest of all passions of mankind. By saying that the mother will be so startled as to be oblivious of her suckling babe, the gravity of the occasion has been pressed home very effectively indeed. By saying further that the pregnant one shall be rid of her pregnancy the severity and might that the jolts will carry has been made easy to visualize. 4. An effective picture of a state of boundless chaos is contained in this part. People will behave in a manner only drunken ones do, although none will actually be drunk. This is again an effective analogy to make the chaotic condition that shall prevail, understandable to the common man. 5. This part concludes that the awe, terror and dread of the Hour of the first Blast will be severely agonising indeed. However neither of the above two verses has talked of any large scale loss of life or of an end to the universe. This confirms that before the Resonating Trumpet shall be blown, there will be a 3.
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first Blast that shall create beat frequency conditions explained in the last chapter, in preparation to the second Blast. 27:87 And on the Day when the Trumpet shall be blown1, whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth shall be terrified2, except whoever God will please3, and all shall come before Him abased4.
1. The word youm has been translated here as the Day, but youm appears to be used in the sense of a moment in time here, confirming the authors earlier argument that a youm can be as short as a split second or a very big period of time. 2. All will be smitten with terror wherever they will be, suggests that this will be the first Blast out of a series of three and the Trumpet shall be blown in its first mode to produce a sudden and terrifying note that will shake and jolt the universe violently. Mention of heaven clearly suggests it will be a (grand unified) Universal Phenomenon. 3. The exception granted by God to some, not to get terrified from the first sudden Blast, again suggests the first mode of the Trumpet that will not terrify some whom God will like to be saved from the agony of that terror. This creates the impression that this Blast will neither kill the living ones, nor disturb the ones already dead, together with anyone else spared by Gods Will. 4. This part of this verse is related to the Third Blast and will be discussed under that heading. Other verses relevant to the First Blast are: 79: 6-9 The Day when everything that can be in quake shall be in a violent quake. Followed by more commotion. Hearts that Day will be in agitation. Humbled and full of fear will be their eyes. 99:1 When the earth is shaken to its utmost convulsion. 101: 1-3 The Day of Noise and Clamour. What is the Day of Noise and Clamour? And how will you understand what is the Day of Clamour and Noise? These three beginning verses of Chapter 101 can be quoted to describe the effects produced by any of the three Modes of the Trumpet Blasts. However, since the rest of the verses of this Chapter manifestly describe the aftermaths of the first and the Second Blasts, the author has included them here. THE SECOND BLAST: A SECOND BIG BANG SUDDENNESS AND TOTAL DESTRUCTION; RECREATION 16:77 And to God belong the unseen (mysteries) of the heavens and the earth, and the Moment of Doom will be like the twinkling of the eye, or even less, indeed God has Power over all things. The underlined part of the verse emphasizes the acute abruptness of the Second Trumpet Blast. It will not only come suddenly but happen in as short a time which for human understanding is exemplified by the twinkling of the eye or even less. 36:49: They are waiting for nothing but only a single Blast that will seize them while they are still engaged in their (worldly) disputes.
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36:50 Then neither will they have a chance to make wills or to return to their families. These two successive verses of Chapter 36 which is considered as the heart of the Qur,aan, again press home the abrupt happening and the utter unexpectedness of the hour of doom as a result of the Second Trumpet Blast. These were revealed to the Prophet (Peace be on him) when the deniers of Makkah (Mecca) persistently asked him about when it will come. A more detailed account of it is contained in the Prophets (peace be on him) Tradition reported already in this chapter. 27:88 And you see the mountains, and think them firmly fixed, but they will pass away as the clouds pass away, this is the artistry of God Who disposes all things in perfect order1, surely He is well aware of what you do.
1. This verse, the very next to the one discussed already, supports the message in part 4 of 27:87. It was news about things to come for in this verse is told what will happen next. What you think are immovable will become like fast moving clouds due to the objects in the universe striking destructive resonance with that (next) Blast. That next Blast has to be the second of the three and for that the Trumpet is to be blown in the second mode, that is, the one in which it produces a Blast that proves to be the forcing vibrator that generates forced vibrations in all the objects of the universe and soon all of them (mountains on the earth just one example to make men understand what will happen) will be in resonance with it and get destroyed. In scientific terms this suggests at the point of destructive resonance the condition of a grand singularity is abruptly achieved and the whole system suffers a second Big Bang, perhaps much bigger than the first. After that a new eternal system will be created. The following verses clearly support this interpretation and speak of the repetition of creation after the total destruction: 85:13 Surely God is the One who creates and recreates. 30:11 It is God who originates creation, then repeats it, then you shall all be returned to Him. The underlined part of this verse is related to the third Blast. 21:104 On the Day when We shall roll back the heaven as a scroll is rolled back for books, as we originated the first creation, so shall we bring it back again, a promise binding on Us, truly We shall fulfil it 36:81 Is not the One who created the heavens and the earth (in the first place) able to create the like of them (again)? Yes indeed He is! And He is the Creator Supreme, the All-Knowing. 36:82 Verily when he intends a thing, His command to it is Be and it is! The above two verses from chapter 36 strongly suggest that God will bring about the recreation of an eternal Universe after the destruction of the present one in the same manner in which He effected the first creation. That is by saying to it Be!, but this time with a fresh Design and new mandate for its functions. See the following verse. 14:48 On that Day the earth will be changed to a different earth, and so will be the heavens; and they all (men and Jinns) will come forth to God, the One, the Irresistible. The underlined part belongs to the aftereffect of the third and final Trumpet Blast. The author can now relate the Time-Amplitude Curve/Graph of the previous chapter to the appropriate Quraanic verses.
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THE SECOND BLAST 12:104; 14:48; 16:77; 21:104; 27:88; 30:11; 36:49; 36:50; 36:81; 36:82; 85:13.
THE TIRST BLAST
THE FIRST BLAST
22:1; 22:2; 27:87 79:6; 79:7; 79:8; 79:9
22:1; 22:2; 27:87 79:6; 79:7; 79:8; 79:9
Frequency
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THE THIRD BLAST: RESURRECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY 27:87 And on the Day when the Trumpet shall be blown, whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth shall be terrified, except whoever God will please, and all (men) shall come before Him abased1.
1.
This part is suggestive of the aftermath of mode three Blast as it says that all (men) will come before God with lowly feelings.
Two possibilities about the three Trumpet Blasts come to mind by the mention of first and the third Blasts together in this verse. Either the three Blasts shall be in quick succession of each other in the same period of time or, after giving the message by the first Blast, the news of some delayed happenings and more events to come has been revealed, and the Blasts will have longer periods of time between them.. 27:89 Whoever comes with a good deed, he shall receive better (reward) than it, and such shall be secure from the terror of the Day (of Judgment). 27:90 And whoever comes with an evil deed, they will be thrown headlong into the fire: Do you receive a reward other than what you have earned on the basis of your deeds? The above two verses which are in continuation of the two above them, describe the aftermath of the third Blast when the Trumpet will be blown in the mode of a summoning bugle (third mode). Every soul will be resurrected and will be given an absolutely fair trial by God, and dispensed eternally to the Pit of Fire or the Gardens of Bliss, depending on the deeds that it came with on that Day! Since these four verses are in the same chapter and in continuation and they contain the three different stages of the end of the universe in them, the Truth of the details and examples given by the Holy Prophet (peace be on him) narrated earlier by the author is confirmed. 20:102 On the Day the Trumpet shall be blown: that Day We shall gather the sinners, their faces white eyed with (grief and terror)1. 1. This verse also talks of a Trumpet Blast, but reveals that the result of this Blast will the gathering together of the people for their final accountability and adds that the sinners will be in a state of shock when they are collected for the Day of Judgment. The purpose of this Blast will be a signal by way of an audible Command to the responsible angels to perform the job of attaching the souls with their respective bodies and gather them for the Accountability. The Blast mentioned here is therefore, the third and final sounding of the Trumpet. More details about the second and the third Blasts will be found in the verses to come. 14:48 On that Day the earth will be changed to a different earth, and so will be the heavens; and they all (men and Jinns) will come forth to God, the One, the Irresistible. 30:11 It is God who originates creation, then repeats it, then you shall all be returned to Him. 36:48, And they say: when shall this promise come to pass, if you be true? 36:49 They are waiting for nothing but a single Blast to seize them while they are yet disputing amongst themselves. 36:50 Then neither will they be able to dispose off (their affairs in hand) nor (will they be able) to return to their families. The above three verses narrate the situation that will be as a result of the second Blast which put the universe into forced vibrations to quickly come into resonance with the free vibrations generated by the single Blast. There will be an abrupt end of life and the universe will be annihilated.
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The first verse suggests that mankind shall have recovered from the deadly effects of the first Blast and people have returned to their old ways of denying the Truth, questioning about the very integrity of Gods Promise of the Day of Judgment. It is revealed that while they will be busy in such futile disputes and doing their daily routine works, a single Blast will seize them and they will drop dead. In the Traditions of the Holy Prophet (peace be on him) reported in the six authentic collections of Traditions, graphic detail of what will happen is found. The Holy Prophet (peace be on him) is reported to have described that some will be caught raising the cup of a drink toward their lips, others will have taken a morsel just up to their mouth which will be caught open. Some will be caught walking, some sitting and some lying down. There will be some mens hands on each others throats while yet others will be busy buying and selling, a multitude will be in their bathrooms and bedrooms. No one will get a chance to make a will or to rush back home to issue any directives to the family members. From the standpoint of science, such plight can only be achieved by objects that have struck a sudden resonance of frequency and the amplitude of vibration suddenly jumps to its maximum for all objects and items of the universe giving it the sudden state of singularity. These verses, coupled with the Prophets descriptions strengthen the authors understanding that for the second Blast, the Trumpet will be blown in the mode of a vibrator that will inflict forced vibrations (and a quick resonance) in the entirety of the universe. 36:53 It shall be no more than a single Blast and they shall be summoned before Us. 36:54 So today no soul shall be judged unjustly, and you shall only be recompensed for what you have been doing. These two verses reveal the third Blast, its purpose and what will happen after it. As the result of the third and final Blast all the dead will be resurrected and collected in Gods Court. Every soul will be tried and none shall be wronged in the slightest. There will be perfect and absolutely undeniable proofs of what people have been doing in their worldly lives and thus everybody shall reap its own sowing. The summary of the situation thus far is: (a) A Trumpet will be blown three times toward the very last stages of the universe. Each time it will be a single Blast. (b) The first Blast will create a terrible chaos and the earth will be subjected to horrible jolts. Life will not end there, but people will lose their memories and behave as if they were drunk. (c) The second Blast will generate forced vibrations in the universe as a whole which shall be destroyed (in the manner of a second Big Bang). Life will become instantaneously extinct. A new universe will be recreated as a result. (d) The Third Blast will resurrect and summon people before God, Who will justly dispose off their trials according to their deeds in their first lives. (e) There will be perpetual life and time eternal in the new universe recreated, ever after that. (f) The three Blasts may be in rapid succession or may be separated by pauses, but the periods of time involved will not be from earthly standards. That is, a pause can be of any duration from a few hours to hundreds of thousands of years of mans reckoning, and that the pauses may not be of equal duration. 39:68 And the Trumpet shall be blown, then all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth shall cease functioning1, except such as God pleases2, then it shall be blown again and they shall stand looking on (in wait)3. 1. The blowing of the Trumpet mentioned in this part is the second of the three Blasts. This is evident from the information that everything in the heavens or the earth will cease functioning. In scientific
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terms this points to the fact that Singularity will be suddenly achieved and second Big Bang will come as a result of the destructive resonance. Apparently the first Blast has gone before it. How much before, God only knows as we cannot by any means determine the durations of His various Periods of time unless He chooses to reveal them.
2. This part reveals that there will be an exemption even in the after effects of the Second Blast. The reader should not be surprised at this because: In 85:16 God reveals one of His many Attribute as Faalullema Yureed, meaning the One Who does what He intends (or wants to do). So if He grants exemption to some of His creatures from the prevalent conditions, this is nothing to be surprised about. There are many examples of such exemptions granted by God in the Quraan. The reader may have been a witness to some in our daily lives, like the following: (a) When there is a car, train or a plane crash, one or two or a few of the passengers survive while a great majority of them perish. There is an exemption here out of the general prevalent conditions and the rule of the thumb does not apply, or even an aversion of the accepted laws of physics is evident. The author will include some aversions of scientifically established rules and laws about which the scientists could do nothing but to accept them and learn to live with them, in a separate appendix included toward the end of this book.. (b) The third Blast has not yet come, so the souls of the people that were dead long before, as well as those who will die as a result of the second Blast, will be left undisturbed until the third blast, as well as some of the upper heavens and surely the Great Arsh may not be resonated away. 3. This part confirms that one more Blast shall come after the (second) one that has caused the end of the universe, and as a result of this (third and final) Blast the dead will be resurrected and gathered before God for their Trials. 39:69 And the earth shall shine with the (glorious) light of its Lord, and the Book (having the Records of deeds) shall be set in place (open), and the prophets and the witnesses will be brought forward, and judgment will be given between them with full justice, and they shall not be wronged (in the least)1. 1. This whole verse which is next in order to the above one, reveals what will happen after the Trumpet is blown a third time in some explicit detail. The earth mentioned here seems to refer to the new one whereon the Final Trials will be held.
73:14 On the Day when the earth and the mountains shall quake, and the mountains shall become as heaps of slipping sand. If you read this verse and then read back the experiments and the examples of the phenomenon of resonance as described by the author earlier on, you will, no doubt, agree that God has so mandated that the end of the universe shall come through the scientific phenomenon of resonance. 73:17If you disbelieve, how shall you protect yourself from (the agony of) a Day which shall make the children grey-haired? This verse presents two points worthy of note. First, that the disbeliever shall take the brunt of all the agony of the fateful Day, implicitly hinting that the believers shall be spared the severity of that agony, and second, that the hardship and agony of that Day will be such in its severity for the unbelievers that shall make children grey-haired as if they were of advanced ages. 73:18 The sky shall be rent asunder thereby, the promise shall be fulfilled.
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This verse reveals that the first sky will be a party in the Big Resonance and rent asunder like all the other things in the universe below. When that has happened, Gods Promise made to Adam and Eve, and to all the other Prophets (peace be on all of them), and to the entire mankind through them, and through His Scriptures given to Abraham and Moses, as well as the Complete Books given to David, Moses, Jesus son of Marry and Muhammad (peace be on all of them), shall be fulfilled. 78:18 on that Day the Trumpet shall be blown and you shall come in crowds; This verse refers to the third and final Trumpet Blast the effect of which will be the resurrection of the dead ones and their summoning before the Creator and Re-Caller of the universe for their ultimate trials. 78:19 And the heavens shall be opened, and become all gates; This verse reveals that some skies will be involved in the resonance that will destroy the universe below, and the upper heaven will become reachable without hindrance. 78:20 And the mountains will be set in motion, as if they were a mirage. This verse describes the scenes just after the second Blast is blown. With one effective example of the state of the mountains at the Hour of the Resonance, God has enabled man to visualize what will happen to the whole universe and the sky/s when the Trumpet is sounded (second time out of three in all) to put the whole of creation into resonance with its Blast Frequency. Some of the other verses relevant to the subject under discussion are: 20:105 And they ask you about the mountains, Say: My Lord will blow them away as dust. 20:106 Then He will smooth them to a level plain. 20:107 And you will see no unevenness or curvature in them. 20:108 On that Day they shall follow the summoner straight without any crookedness, all sounds shall be humbled in the presence of God, Most Gracious, and you shall hear nothing but whispers. Considering the scope of this book it is not possible to present and discuss all the Quraanic verses relevant to this chapter. Readers who are keen on the subjects of the end of the universe, recreation, resurrection of life, final accountability and eternity thereafter, may have a look at the following verses: 56:1-7; 69:1-8; 75:3-4, 6-8; 77:7-15; 78:1-5, 17-40; 79:10-45; 80:33-42; 81:1-14; 82:1-5, 13-19; 83:410, 15-29, 34-36; 834-12,15-28, 36: 84:1-20, 24-25: 85:1o-17; 86:9-10; 87:10-19; 88 whole chapter (twenty six verse); 89:21-30; 99 whole chapter (eight verses); 89:21-30; 90:18-20; 91:9, 10, 15; 92:13, 14 93:4; 95:6-8; 96:15-19; 98:7-8; 99 whole Chapter (eight verses); 100:9-11; 101 whole chapter (eleven verses); 102 whole Chapter (eight verses); 104 whole chapter (nine verses); and 111:3-5.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 32: End of Universe - IV
CHAPTER 32 END OF THE UNIVERSE IV

RECREATION, RESURRECTION AND FINAL ACCOUNTABILITY The reader should have come across some of the Quraanic verses relevant to this subject in earlier chapters. The author, however, feels that a very brief account of what will happen after the Doom of this universe, in one single chapter, will not only be useful but answer many questions in the minds of readers, from the Quraanic stand point. There are hundreds of verses in the Qur,aan that reveal graphic accounts of the creation of a new universe after the Final Doom of the present one, as well as of Resurrection, Final Accountability and an Eternal Life ever after. Readers must have already seen plenty of such verses in previous chapters. The author presents some selected examples again so that a clear picture of what happens before and after the Final Doom is built: THE END OF THE UNIVERSE IS SURE TO HAPPEN, IT IS GODS PROMISE 4:87 God, there is no god but He, He will most certainly gather you to the Day of Judgement, there is no doubt in that, and who is truer in tidings than God? The underlined part of this verse establishes the surety and removes any doubt whatsoever about the coming of Doomsday. 18:98 He said this is a Mercy from my Lord1, but when the promise of my Lord comes to pass2, He will bring it to dust; and my Lords promise is ever true3. 1. This part relates to what the great Zul Qarnain said to the people for whom he built a Wall to save them from the mischievous activities of Gog and Magog. This part of the verse refers to Doomsday as the promise of God. This part reveals that Gods promise is nothing but an Absolute Truth.
2. 3.
30:43 So set your face (yourself) to the True Religigion1 before there comes a Day from God2 that cannot be averted3, on that Day they (people) shall be divided4 ( into successful and unsuccessful). 1. . 3. True Religion in the eyes of God, according to the Quraanic revelations, is Islam. The Doomsday, like the first Big Bang event, will be an act of God and God alone. This part of the revelation establishes the certainty of the Doomsday by saying that because it is Gods promise, therefore no one other than God shall have power to avert its coming. In simpler words, there is no chance whatsoever of its not happening.
4. This part belongs to the Final Accountability and will be taken up under that heading TIMING OF THE FINAL DOOM IS NOT KNOWN TO ANYONE BUT GOD The following two verses have been selected out of many on this subject: 7:187 And they ask you about the Hour, when will it come1, say: its knowledge is with God alone2, he will establish it at the proper time3, it weighs heavy on the heavens and the earth, it will come to you suddenly4. They ask you as if you were in search of it, say: Its knowledge is with God Alone5, but most of the people do not know,
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1.
People used to ask the Prophet (pbuh) about the time of coming of the Hour which is one of the Quraans terms for the Doomsday, This is the reply that God sent down to forward to the questioners. Although the time is fixed, but it is one of the best kept kept secrets of God. When it will come it will come suddenly without any warning. The repetition of the reply told above is to generate stressing effect for stopping all guesswork in this regard.
2. 3. 4. 5.
20:15 Certainly the Hour is coming1, I conceal it2 that every soul may be recompensed for its deeds3. 1. 2. 3. This part establishes the certainty of the Hour generating the effect of watchfulness on man.. God has kept the actual time of its happening hidden from all but Himself. This part reveals the reason for the concealment of the actual time, so that he can test what deeds people do in the absence of the knowledge of its actual time and then when it has come to them suddenly, He recompenses them according to their deeds. RECREATION The reader has seen many verses relevant to this subject. Recalling the following two verses will suffice to remind the reader of Gods preplanned act of recreation : 14:48 on that day when the earth will be changed to other than the earth, and the heavens, all will be brought before God, the One, the Superior Force. This verse reveals that the earth as well the heavens would be changed to new ones, i. e., a new universe will be recreated after the destruction of the present one and then all will be standing before God for their Final Accountability. 21:104 On the Day that We shall roll up heaven as scroll is rolled for the books1, as We originated the first creation so shall We bring it back again2, a promise binding on us, truly We shall fulfil it3. 1. This part of the verse makes it clear that the present universe will be completely destroyed before the re-creation. This part not only reveals that re-creation of a new universe will take place after the destruction of the first one, but the re-creation will be as easy to God to effect as was its first creation. This part says that like the establishing of the Doomsday, the creation of a new universe is also a Promise of God and it will happen as surely as the Doomsday would, for God never fails His promises. RESURRECTION There are many verses that establish the raising of the dead to a second life. Again, the author shall only present a few that should suffice for the purposes of this chapter. 2:28 How do you disbelieve in God while you were dead1 He gave you life2, and so will He cause you to die3 and bring you to life again4, and to Him you will return5.
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By the phrase were dead in this part of the verse is meant your state of nothingness before your conception in your mothers womb. This little part spans all the stages of your life from conception to death. This refers to the actual death after which the deceased is buried or disposed off in any other way. This refers to Gods Promise to raise you after you death again for a second life for the Final Accountability, that is, the Promised Resurrection. This part of the verse belongs to the next topic.
2. 3. 4.
5.
35:9 God is the One Who sends the winds which raise up the clouds, We drive them to the barren land. Therewith we revive the land after its death. Thus shall be the resurrection! This is a verse representative of those in which God uses commonsense analogies and arguments to press home the surety and certainty of Resurrection. Some more from this class of verses are the following: 36:77-79 Has Man not considered how We created him from a small quantity of sperm? And yet he stands as an open adversary. And he has set for Us a similitude forgetting how he was created, he says: Who will revive the bones after they are decayed? Say: He shall revive them, the One Who originated them the first time, and He is well-versed in every kind of creation. 75:3-4 Does Man think that We shall not assemble his bones? Yes indeed, We are able to restore his very fingertips. FINAL ACCOUTABILTY According to the Quraan the resurrected people will stand before God for Final Judgement of how they lived and what they did in their first lives. No one will be spared attendance and no one will be wronged in the slightest. Here are some selected examples: 2:81 And fear the Day when you shall be returned to God1, then every soul shall be paid in full for what it has earned2, and none shall be dealt with unjustly3. 1. This part relates to the third and final Trumpet Blast as a result of which all dead shall be resurrected from their graves and brought before God to face Trial. It is a promise of God that the Trial of every one will be absolutely just. This is a reassurance from God that none but none will be wronged in the least in the Final Accountability.
2. 3.
3:25 So how will they fare when We gather them on a day about which there is no doubt1, and every soul shall be fully paid for what it has earned without injustice2. 1. This part of the verse portrays the plight of the deniers while awaiting their Trials and stresses the certainty of establishment of the Day of the Final Accountability. This is another assurance by God that every one shall receive absolute justice in the Final Trials.
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A further selection of self explanatory verses on this topic, which relate how every body will be satisfied about his guilt or innocence, is presented below: 21:47 And We shall set up the scale of justice for the Day of resurrection, so that no soul shall be wronged in the least, even if it be the weight of a mustard seed We shall bring it forth, and sufficient are We to take account. 4:24 On the Day when their tongues and their hand and their legs shall bear witness against them as to what they were doing. 36:65 That Day We shall set a seal on their mouths, and their hands shall speak to us. And their feet shall bear witness for what they earned. 18:49 And the Book (of deeds) will be placed (open); then you will see the guilty in great fear at what is in it, saying: Woe to us! What a Book is this; it does not omit anything small or great, but has account thereof! And they will find all they did placed before them; and your Lord does not deal unjustly with anyone.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 33: The Scientist vs. the Quraan Answers to Questions
CHAPTER 33 THE SCIENTIST VS THE QURAAN ANSWERS TO THE EIGHTEEN POPULAR QUESTIONS We are now in a position to discuss answers, forwarded both by the Scientist and the Quraan, in response to the eighteen popular questions posed at the beginning of Part 2. This chapter will be devoted for this purpose. As the author is a student of both science and the Quraan, he will include his own observations and comments on the answers wherever he will feel like doing so. The format adopted for this chapter will, therefore, be as follows: Question number:, The Scientists Answer:., The Quraans Answer.., The Authors Observation: The reader is referred to the list of questions given at the start of part 2 in order to maintain a continuity of thought, as the questions, their answers and the authors observations on them are strictly according to that list. As such the reader can regard this chapter as a question-answer style summary of what he/she has read so far.
Question 1: What was there before the Event of the Big Bang?
The Scientists Answer: There was one big lump of material. The Quraans Answer: All the material for the skies and the earth was joined together in one single mass (that included water and smoke. Gods Throne was on Water). The Authors Observation: While noting the remarkable similarities in the two answers, please note that the Quraan maintains from the very outset the inclusion of the seven skies (heavens) and Gods very elevated Arsh, termed by the author in his discussions throughout as the heavenly universe in the aftermath of the Big Bang. This part of creation is not known to or recognized by scientists and is not a part of their answer.
Question 2: Were there time and space before the Big Bang, the accepted moment of start?
The Scientists Answer: Time and space as we know it after the Big Bang event was not there. The origin of time-space is not a sure fact at all. All we can say is that if there were the dimensions of space and time before the Big Bang, they were irrelevant for our purposes because the laws of Mathematics and Physics according which we explain things were not valid then. The Quraans Answer: There was time-space before the Big Bang event and it was not irrelevant to the after Big Bang situation at all. God carried out all creation after the Big Bang in the same space-time that was there before it. The Authors Observation: Surely the pre Big Bang material did not appear out of nowhere and exploded instantly. The single mass situation should have been there for a considerable period of time (may be billions and billions of years) before the conditions of singularity were reached, and the very fact that these conditions were reached and the Big Bang happened suggests that the laws of mathematics and physics were valid appropriate to that situation. Of course with the new creation came the new laws which were designed and mandated by the Creator that the scientists are discovering with the passage of time.
Question 3: At what point did time, as we know it today start?
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The Scientists Answer: For our purposes the start of time is from the Big Bang event, because everything got created after it, so much so, that the first fundamental particles came into being within 10-43 seconds of it. The Quraans Answer: There was time before the Big Bang, but no one except God can know where its beginning is. There was one single mass present at the time of the Big Bang. Gods Throne was on Water and there were appropriate laws operative for whatever was there before God split the material present asunder to create the universe in the shape that we see today, and to mandate the laws and to put the sustenance for all the seekers of sustenance in it for its entire lifetime. So knowledge of the exact point of the beginning of time is not apprehensible by man just as the exact point in time for the end of the universe is not. The Authors Observation: The scientists cannot and do not deny the presence of all the material in one mass before the Big Bang, because if they do, the very occurrence of the Big Bang cannot be justified. This is one revelation of the Quraan that the scientists have verified as true. If one revelation, the recipient of which was an uneducated man whom God chose as His messenger some fifteen hundred years ago, is so true that its Truth has been verified and established by the scientists themselves, what reason can there be for man to believe that all the other revelations contained in it are not?
Question 4: Why did the material present prior to the Big Bang explode?
The Scientists Answer: There were conditions of singularity that is, maximum curvature of space, infinite density and infinitesimal volume, as well as infinite gravity and extremely high temperatures. All these conditions became the cause of the Big Bang event. The Quraans Answer: God had a master plan of a universe working on sound principles and perfect laws wherein there would be living things as well, and the crown of the live species would be the most intelligent of them, man, who would appreciate and research on His Creation. God will not come out in the open to dictate terms to man, but will test whether he uses his intelligence to study his Signs and Creation as a whole and then submit to the Creator by acknowledging the marvels of His flawless Work, and discover the perfect laws mandated by Him for everything to run its mandated course; and taking Him and Him alone as his Lord without actually ever seeing Him. The Authors Observation: God created the universe in two parts in harmony, perfectly flawless and isotropic, and in accordance with all the laws of mathematics and physics. The first part, the earthly universe is designed as a Test Place for mankind while the second Part, the heavenly universe is designed for the summoning of mankind for his Accountability and his eternal abode, after the life term granted to the earthly universe has expired.
Question 5: What was created as a result of the Big Bang?

The Scientists Answer: Hadrons like the quarks, protons, antiprotons and neutrons, as well as Leptons like the electrons and the positrons were created within no time and became the source of the build up of matter and energy, while the cooling and condensing dust and gases from the nebulae flying around became the source of the formation of stars, planets and their moons. Dying stars caused supernovas, red dwarfs and black holes, while the growing number of new stars built up the galaxies, clusters and constellations. The Quraans Answer: The Quraan has revelation about the creation of all the above plus seven heavens and Arsh (Gods very elevated Throne). The Authors Observation: The indifference of the scientists to the second part of Gods creation as the aftermath of the Big Bang is merely due to the fact that it is too distant for man to begin a study of it, coupled with the unwritten code of conduct for the scientist that they should not believe and talk of things they can not verify and/or handle.
Question 6: Are there planets outside our solar system within our own galaxy? 165
The Scientists Answer: Research is currently on. The behaviour of several wobbling stars has been studied and several other planets have been discovered. The Quraans Answer: Man should continue his search and findings. He can discover whatever is in Gods Will for him to discover (please refer to the authors observation in reapnse to Question 8 below), and at a time appointed by God for that discovery to come through. The Authors Observation: The above Quraanic standpoint means that man should continue his researches without ever giving up hope and not call it a day on account of failures. The amount of his discoveries and findings will be in direct proportion to his research efforts.
Question 7: Are there planets revolving round other stars in any other galaxy?
The Scientists Answer: Answer is the same as above. The Quraans Answer: Please refer to the Quraanic response in answer to the question above. The Authors Observation: It may be so. It is all a question of how much time the light from such objects takes to travel from where they are located to reach us on the earth. At such astronomical distances it may be acutely difficult to distinguish between a star and a planet, or to locate the satellites of any planets..
Question 8: Do other stars exist that are copies of our sun in all respects?
The Scientists Answer: Yes, there are billions of galaxies each comprising of millions and millions of stars, and in all probability many of those stars could be the exact copies of our sun. The Quraans Answer: God has created what He has in plentiful numbers. It is up to man to explore the realm of His vast and boundless creation. The Authors Observation: Man must keep on exploring. Everything he discovers new, comes under the verse 2:55, part of which says And you cannot encompass any of His knowledge, but as much as He Wills.
Question 9: Are there other planets circling round any such stars?
The Scientists Answer: Researches are going on. Technology is improving all the time. Available data is under analysis. We are very hopeful of positive results. The Quraans Answer: Gods creation is limitless, and contains everything that is necessary to be in its place. God need not reveal all details of such a boundless universe of His. Man is called upon to explore and find out. The Authors Observation: See the authors observation above in response to the previous question.
Question 10: Are there other planets with conditions exactly like those of our earth?
The Scientists Answer: A planet was recently discovered orbiting round a wobbling star. Scientists were very enthusiastic because the data study and the scrutiny of the graphs obtained from it showed that the new planet was an exact replica of our earth. But Alas, it
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calculate to be orbiting too close to the star and so the temperature there could not be conducive to the presence of life there in any form. The Quraans Answer: Answer is the same as to the last question. The Authors Observation: Observation is the same as as in case of the last question.
Question 11: Is there other life out there, or are we alone in the universe?
The Scientists Answer: Researches are being carried out with the hope of positive results. Frankly there has been no success as yet. The Quraans Answer: Answer is the same as to the last question. The Authors Observation: There is no revelation in the Quraan about the presence of life anywhere else other than the planet earth. However, there is one species of life, the jinns, created by god from fire. They have the wavelengths not always detectable to the human eye. They are reported to have the ability to assume bodily forms as well as energy wavelengths. They can fly around and it is possible that they have their colonies on earth as well as in nearby space. If ever the scientists report any detection of life anywhere other than on earth, that will come under the license granted in the verse 2:55 mentioned above. One point should be clear to everyone: God has called Himself as the Rabb of all the Worlds and has called Muhammad (peace be upon him) as a Mercy to all the Worlds. So if any life is detected anywhere, it will definitely be under the Lordship of the Almighty God and the Domain of His Prophet Muhammads Mercy (peace be upon him).
Question 12: If there is other life out there, is it older or younger than us?
The Scientists Answer: There are more chances of it being older than us rather than younger. The Quraans Answer: There is no revelation about an intelligent life created after the creation of the man. The Authors Observation: Wait until the discovery of life elsewhere. It will be easy to determine its age if we find it at all.
Question 13: Could that life be intelligent and more advanced in technology than we are?
The Scientists Answer: Maybe, we are not sure. Only time will tell. The Quraans Answer: Man is the most intelligent of Gods living creatures, so much so that God has subjected all the marvels of the universe to his service. In turn, God calls upon him to reflect ponder and research on his creation and the principles and laws that go with it, in an effort to explain how He sustains and maintains all the microscopic and macroscopic structures floated by Him in the four dimensions of space and time as we know them. This is a pointer to the fact that no creature could be more intelligent than man. The Authors Observation: There is a lot of science fiction and fantasy going around about the existence of intelligent and very advanced life out there in space. Seldom, in human history, have fiction and fantasy ever led to any concrete finds. The author thinks, therefore, that man will only make further strides in his fiction and fantasy skills in order to quench his thirst for the discovery of life more intelligent and more technologically advanced than himself
Question 14: If ever, and how, will the universe come to an end?
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The Scientists Answer: The present universe will come to an end, but there is no unanimity on exactly how it will meet its end. The Quraans Answer: Nearer to the expiry of the life term granted to this universe by God, its Creator, there will be three soundings of a Trumpet. The first of the Blasts will give a terrible shaking and jolting to the universe creating a state of utter convulsion and confusion for matter as well as for life. The second Blast will (create forced vibration in the entirety of the universe to the point of resonance to cause the) end of the universe as we know it. The third and final Blast will be for summoning of the resurrected ones in front of God for their ultimate Accountability. The Authors Observation: After studying the various scientific suggestions for the end of the universe as well as a careful study of the Quraanic revelations on the subject, the author is convinced within himself that God will end this universe, whenever He will, by the scientific process of the resonance of frequencies in which the free vibrator will be the Trumpet mentioned above and the universe will be the forced one,.
Question 15: what will happen after the universe has ended?
The Scientists Answer: We do not know, probably nothing. The Quraans Answer: A new Universe will be recreated. Mankind will be resurrected and marshaled in front of God for its final Accountability. People will be judged strictly according to what they did and believed in their lives before the universes doom, and no soul shall be wronged in the slightest. The convicts of that ultimate accountability will be in utter misery and shall be thrown headlong into the Pit of Fire, while the lucky ones who will be acquitted shall be taken to the Gardens of Bliss with respectful welcome, and these will be the eternal abodes of the two groups ever after. The Authors Observation: The author would like to present to the reader how Ali (may God be pleased with him), the cousin, son-in-law, lifelong companion and the fourth Rightful Caliph of the Prophet (peace be upon him) replied and satisfied one of his non-believing friends on his persistence that there will be no second life and accountability after death. The author quotes below Alis (may God be pleased with him) answer to his pagan friend from before the advent of Islam: O my friend, there can only be two possibilities. First as you say that there will be no second life and accountability, the second being what I say, that there will be. If what you say comes to be true and there will be no second life and accountability, then both of us need not worry a bit because we both will be, as you say, nothing but heaps of dust. But should you be caught in the situation that what I say comes to be true, and there will a second life and subsequent accountability, then you must be a miserable loser, because you are the one making no preparation for it.
Question 16: discovered?
Has man discovered everything that was there to be
The Scientists Answer: Not Exactly, but by and large yes. The Quraans Answer: Man is a long way away from doing so. The Authors Observation: All mankind, except some over optimistic scientists, believe that man is nowhere near the completion of his discoveries yet.
Question 17: If not, what is there yet to be discovered?

The Scientists Answer: Some fields of research still need a tremendous amount of more work. For example, the origin and woking of our universe. The Quraans Answer: Gods creation is too vast to be fully researched by man. Yet he should go on exploring it, until the Doomsday overtakes him.
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The Authors Observation: Man will in all probability run out of time to completely explore what has been created by God. Only continued exploration is the answer to what is still there to be explored. Question 18: It is said that neither matter nor energy can be annihilated out of existence; they can only be transformed to some other state of existence, or shifted to some other place, to make it look as if they have disappeared. If so, where will all the matter and energy making up the universe go when it meets its doom? The Scientists Answer: If we can decide in what manner the universe will meet its end, only then can we contemplate what will become of its contents, that is, of the matter and energy making it up. The Quraans Answer: The earth, the mountains and all objects will break up and move as if they were mirages. The present universe shall vanish and another created anew to replace it. The Authors Observation: It is said in verse 14:48 that this earth will be replaced with a new earth, and so will be the skies. This provides a clue to where the matter and energy making up the doomed universe will go. Got has the Might to assimilate the matter and energy of the doomed universe in His promised re-creation, or He may completely annihilate it and command the new universe to come about anew. HE has ALL POWER.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 4: How The Quraan Holds the Keys?
PART FOUR HOW THE QURAAN HOLDS THE KEYS
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 33: How The Quraan Holds the Keys?
PART FOUR, SECTION ONE

CHAPTER 34 HOW THE QURAAN HOLDS THE KEYS
The reader has seen in the previous parts of this book that the Quraan has a vast amount of information on modern science and technology. The Authenticity and Truth of that information has been verified and confirmed by modern scientific researchers through their discoveries rather recently. The Quraan not only provides divine information, clues and pointers about the universe, its contents and how everything in it functions, but tells mankind that all creation of God in its entirety is for mans service, and so calls upon mankind to ponder and reflect on its verses and engage in research to discover details of Gods Creation and the laws that go with it. The Quraan also tells mankind (Verse 2:55) that as much of the Gods creation and laws can be discovered by man, as God would want him to discover. This is an open license for man to carry out research and discover, because no limits can be assigned to what God has created and mandated, and so no limits can be put on what He might grant mankind to discover from the marvelous Signs of His. The author has the opinion that man has only discovered a paltry fraction of the wonders and marvels of Gods Creation yet. Mankind should rest assured that the Quraanic open license is an Absolute Truth, and if researches in various fields of science and technology are continued, more and more Wonders and Marvels of Gods creation will come to light and add to mans tally of valuable discoveries. In other words, the Quraan has the keys but man must use them to unlock Gods hidden treasures. The laymen readers generally, and the readers familiar with sciences particularly, must have gathered enough convincing material in the Quraanic verses presented and discussed so far like: 1. God declares that He is the creator of every thing and that he He has created what He has created, on purpose and on truth. The laws that God mandated for the functioning of every individual thing, particularly for the extra terrestrial phenomena and objects are based on the highest principles of what we know as advanced Mathematics and modern sciences. No human being has ever invented any of those laws. He has only discovered them in accordance with the divine license emboldened and underlined above.
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This chapter is devoted to the discussion of the two general standpoints that the Quraan puts forward for mankind to understand, accept and adopt. First, that God is the Sole Creator of whatever there is, and second, that man has not even started to think about discovering many of Gods Signs that are mentioned in the Quraan, although they do fall within the domain of science and/or technology. For this purpose in this chapter, the author will elaborate on this further in the next two chapters whose titles are given below: Scientists must pay heed to the pointers and clues relevant to their fields of study present in the Holy Scriptures. The Quraan suggests many fields of possible scientific research that the scientists have not yet touched.
Evidences, proofs and arguments can only be forwarded for the addressee to ponder and reflect on, and if they are scientific and compelling and carry a lot of logic, then everyone with an open mind will understand them and even accept them, but whether he or she will open mindedly declare his/her acceptance and adopt them as part of his/her faith is a different matter altogether. The author, not on the basis of religious bias, but as the result of his studies of scientific advances, firmly believes that the evidences and proofs of God being the Creator of everything and being the Sole Proprietor of all his Creation and enjoying Absolute Authority over it flow out from the sciences themselves. It is a matter of time when the scientists will start openly accepting this undeniable fact of Truth as God says in verse
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 33: How The Quraan Holds the Keys?
41:53 that: We shall show them our Signs on the farthest Horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that this is the Truth. Is it not sufficient that your Lord witnesses over all things?
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part4, Section 1, Chapter 34: The Scientist Must Pay Heed
PART FOUR: SECTION ONE THE SCIENTIST SHOULD PAY HEED
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CHAPTER 35 THE SCIENTIST SHOULD PAY HEED TO THE POINTERS AND CLUES IN THE QURAAN
A true and unbiased scientist would not only pay heed but rush to investigate any information, or slightest clue relevant to his/her field of interest that can enhance the chances of further research into his/her work at hand. The example of the Canadian Dr. K L Moore going back to his microscopes for verifying the leech like appearance of the human embryo at an early stage, Modgha as revealed in the Quraan, reported in chapter 18, is a shining one. By paying heed to what was revealed centuries ago, he did not advance any cause of the Quraan but enhanced his research and improved his own work. All scientists know, to some extent or other, that information by way of clues, pointers and implicit data are contained in the Holy Scriptures, the Torah, the Bible and the Quraan given by God to his chosen apostles Moses, Jesus and Muhammad (Peace and Blessings of God be on them). Yet the scientist chooses to ignore the treasure of that information. Most of them maintain that divine and religious statements should not be allowed to influence the human effort as far as scientific research is concerned. In the authors opinions the true reason is the disbelief in the fact that an All Mighty God exists Who is the designer and Creator of all there is. Otherwise how the scientist could be so nave as to assume that if there is a Creator, He would not describe His creation in his Books one way or the other? The scientist is not so nave as not to know the well publicised fact that the divine Books have information that is highly scientific. The reader having gone through the previous chapters of this book, must have convinced him/herself that the Quraan is full of such information and that it has not undergone a change by a single vowel or consonant for nearly fifteen centuries now. Some of the marvels of the Quraan have been appreciated with amazement by many scientists because they were sincere to their fields of research. A synopsis of comments made by some eminent scientists in this regard is presented below: COMMENTS OF SOME CELEBRATED SCIENTISTS AND RESEARCHERS Dr Keith L Moore, Professor Emeritus and Head of Anatomy and Associate Dean Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M55 IAB, Canada, author of Before We are Born and co-author of The Developing Human , Human Development: As Described in The Quraan and Sunnah, The Scientific Miracles in the Front (Al Ejaz al-Elmi fi an-Naseyah) remarks: The only justification of the presence of this information in the Quraan can be that it could have been divinely revealed. Dr. T V N Persuad, Professor of Anatomy, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada: You have someone illiterate making profound pronouncements and statements that are amazingly accurate about scientific nature, and you are talking of about fourteen hundred years ago, I personally cannot see how this could be a mere chance. There is too much accuracy, and like Dr. Moore, I have no difficulty in my mind that this is a divine inspiration or revelation which led him to make these statements. Dr. Joe Lee Simpson, Professor and Chairman of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Professor of Molecular and Human Genetics at the Balore College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, having studied two Ahadith (Traditions) of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh), made these observations in a conference: So the two noted Hadeeths provide us with a specific time table for the main embryological development before forty days. Again, the point has been made, I thought repeatedly this morning, and these hadeeths could not have been obtained on the basis of the scientific background that was available at the time of their writing. It follows, I think, not only there is no conflict between genetics and religion but, in fact, religion can guide science by adding revelation to some of the traditional scientific approaches. That there exist statements in the Quraan, shown centuries later to be valid, which support knowledge in the Quraan having been derived from God.
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Dr. E M Johnson, Professor Emeritus of Anatomy and Developmental Biology at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, addressed the Seventh Medical Conference in 1981, at Dammam, Saudi Arabia. An extract from what he said: .So I see nothing here in conflict with the concept that divine intervention was involved in what he (Muhammad) was able to write. [One must be reminded here that Muhammad himself did not know how to read or write; he dictated to his Scribes for writing down what was revealed to him by God]. Dr. William W Hay, Professor of Geological Sciences at the University of Colorado, USA, and a well known Marine Scientist: I find it very interesting that this sort of information is in the ancient scriptures of the Holy Quraan, and I have no way of knowing where they would come from, but I think it is extremely interesting that they are there and that this work is going on to discover it, the meaning of some of the Passages. Asked about the source of the Quraan he replied: Well, I think, it must be the divine being. Other scientists of eminence and repute who spoke similarly about the scientific information related to their fields of interest are: Dr. Gerald C Goeringer, Course director and Associate Professor of Medical Embryology and Cell Biology at the School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; Dr. Yoshihide Kozai, Professor Emeritus at Tokyo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan; Professor Tajatat Tejasen Chairman, Department of Anatomy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, and, Dr. Alfred Kroner, Professor and Chairman, Department of Geology at the Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. This is just a brief synopsis of the topics of modern sciences that the Quraan has information on, and which have been thoroughly spoken and written about worldwide; as well as of what some of the very celebrated modern scientists have said about the presence of such information in the Holy Book. The scientist of today cannot go on ignoring the existence of the sky and yet answer many questions like: 1. Is the expansion of the universe self propelled or is the expansion due to some gigantic object attracting it from all directions according to the law of universal gravitation? [one established rule of physics is that self propelled expansion looses its driving energy continuously with time and so finally at some time has to come to a halt} How come the universe is electrically safe when there is so much electric charge in it? This question arises because if lightening from the clouds comes down toward a man with a car, he will be struck by it if he is outside his car and will remain safe if he is inside his car. Unless the first of the seven skies (revealed in the Quraan) is an all covering enclosure of the universe as the Quraan reveals it is in 2:22, the worldly universe cannot remain safe if electrical storms head toward it from above the first sky. Where do the lines of force issuing outwards from points of origin on the objects in the outer periphery of the universe end? Etc. Etc.
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It is therefore, easy to see for an open minded seeker of truth that the scientist must cast off the self assumed bias against divine revelation (religious scriptures) and pay heed to the information, clues and pointers contained in the Quraan and other Divine Scripture and Books, as these are for all mankind and not for any one section of it. Any one who knows the a, b, c of exchange of forces between objects would agree that lines of force issuing from one object must terminate at some other object. How come the scientist can succeed in explaining the universe by ignoring a whole lot of objects that exchange forces with objects of our universe, however large the distance away, simply because he would have to admit a Divine Hand behind the creation and working of the universe? These era just some of the many questions that can be posed.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 35: The Quraan Suggests New Fields of Research
PART FOUR, SECTION TWO

CHAPTER 36 THE QURAAN SUGGESTS FIELDS FOR POSSIBLE RESEARCH SCIENTISTS HAVE STAYED AWAY FROM
The Quraan has verses which directly reveal many areas that can be the fields for future research for the scientist. There are numerous other verses that provide implicit clues and pointers to many more of such fields for potential scientific research. When they are free from whatever they are researching now, or whenever they contemplate taking a new field of research, they can probably start work on these new fields, the keys for which are there in the Quraan. The author points only to a few here: (1) Still Time and Higher Speeds of Motion is one such field of research. Physicists have done some work(but not enough) on Still Time, but they are not prepared to think that there can be velocities greater than that of light. The Quraan reveals incidents that point to speeds that are clearly greater than that of light, regarded by the scientists as the highest attainable or even conceivable speed. The author will quote only three cases from the Quraan, relevant to what he is suggesting. These are regarding (i) The raising up by God of the Prophet Jesus (pboh) unto Him, (ii) The Ascension of Prophet Muhammad (pboh) to the very Elevated Arsh, and (iii) A Jinn from the armies of the King and Prophet Solomon (pboh) bringing the Throne of the Queen of Sheba, with her on it, from Yemen to Jerusalem, in the twinkling of the eye. The author quotes and discusses the relevant verses below: First, two verses about the raising of Jesus Christ (pboh) to God: 4:157 And they say (in boast): We killed the Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of God, and they killed him not nor crucified him, but it was made to appear to them so. And those who differ therein are full of doubt with no certain knowledge, but only follow mere conjecture, for surely they killed him not- 4:158 Nay, God raised him up unto Himself1. 1. The raising of Jesus (pboh) and reaching the heavens must have been instantaneous and not taken ages.
Next, the verses relevant to Prophet Muhammads ascension: 17:1 Glory be to God the One, Who did take his servant (Muhammad) on a night Journey from the Sacred Mosque (in Makkah) to the Al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem), the precincts of which We have blessed, so that We might show him some of Our Major Signs1. Indeed, God is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing. . This is one verse that reveals the first leg of the Prophets Night Journey of ascension to the Arsh and back, and this part of it sites the reason of the journey as to show him Our Major Signs, which only exist between the earth and the very Elevated Arsh of God The Prophet (pboh) saw the archangel Gabriel in his original shape and form twice. The following verse describes the first of the sightings. 81:23. And he saw him on the clear horizon. The second sighting was very near the Tree of Lot on the periphery of the Great Arsh of God. This is revealed in the following verses of the 53rd chapter: 53:13 And he saw him (Gabriel in his original shape) at a second descent1. 1 This is the second sighting by the Prophet (pboh) of Gabriel in the shape as he was created. 1.
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53:14 At the Tree of extreme limit2. 2. The Tree of Lot is at the last point before the Throne of God, beyond which none, even Gabriel is not allowed.
53:15: Near it is the Garden of Abode3. 3. The Garden of Abode is the highest in honour of all the Gardens of Bliss, in that it is the nearest one to Gods Elevated Throne.
53:16 The Tree was shrouded by what shrouded it4. 4. Learned commentators of the Quraan have said that a mystery unspeakable shrouded the Lot Tree. Many have just called it Gods Light of indescribable intensity and unbearable shine.
53:17 The eyes turned not aside, nor swept astray5. 5. This verse proves that Muhammad (pboh) was a God invited guest and was anticipating to see such mysteries and Gods Signs of the highest order. 53:18 And indeed he saw the greatest Signs of his Lord6. 6. This verse endorses forcefully that he saw the greatest Signs of God. The Prophet (pboh) gave a step-by-step graphical account of the Ascension Journey to his Companions in the morning with graphical accounts of what he saw. These are found in all the authentic collections of his Traditions. Very briefly, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) was woken from his sleep in his home city of Makkah by the Archangel Gabriel and taken to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, where he led all the former Prophets in Prayers, and was then swiftly taken to the Very Elevated Arsh. On the Arsh, among other Words of Intimacy, God mandated the five daily prayers for him and his followers and gave him two verses for inclusion in the Quraan at the end of chapter two. The reader may be interested to know that these are the only two verses in the Quraan that Archangel Gabriel did not bring down to him. As mentioned already, detailed and highly accurate account of the Journey, including what Signs he was shown on each of the seven heavens and in-between them is on record in all the authentic collections of his Traditions, and interested readers can see the details from any of them. The relevant part of The Ascension Journey to this chapter is that the whole round journey took place only in a small portion of one night! In fact only a few moments from our reckoning! The Prophet (peace be on him) told his Companions: The hanging-bolt of my bedroom was still dangling when I returned, and the bed was still warm when I went back to it. Throughout this work readers have noted that the Quraan is a Book that revealed scientific facts and phenomena fifteen centuries ago, which have been, and are being confirmed by the scientists of this era, and so whatever is contained in it should be given serious importance by the scientists. Researches into the possibility of speeds far greater than that of light and the field of still time should, therefore, be looked into further with a sincerity of purpose. Lastly, the verses about the King and Prophet Solomon (pboh) and his work force of Jinns are quoted and discussed below: 27:38 Solomon said: O chiefs. Which one of you will bring me her throne1 before, they come to you in submission? 1. This refers to the throne of Queen Bilqees (Queen Sheba of Yemen). 27:39 One giant of Jinn said: I will bring it to you before you rise from your council1 indeed I have full strength and I am trustworthy.
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1. This was a mighty Jinn but was not equipped with Knowledge of the Book 27:40 One who possessed knowledge from the Book said: I will bring it to you in the twinkle of an eye2. So when he (Solomon) saw it firmly placed before himself, he said, This is from my Lords Bounty, that he may try me whether I am grateful or ungrateful, and whoever is grateful he is grateful for his own souls good, and so is whoever is ungrateful, indeed my Lord is All-Sufficient, the Generous. 2. This offer came from a mightier Jinn and equipped with the Knowledge of the Book as well.
The above three consecutive verses from chapter 27 reveal a discourse between Prophet Solomon (pboh) and some chiefs of his armies, many of which were Jinns. Very briefly again, God had granted Power to the Prophet Solomon (pboh) over the winds and the Jinn folk and the unique ability to decode animals languages and talk to them. One day, finding the hoopoe bird missing from the ranks he got very cross and waited for his appearance and taking a plea before he would punish the bird. When the hoopoe returned, Solomon (pboh) asked him the reason for his absence. The bird replied that he went to compass a new area, and narrated that he had seen a people who are under the rule of a woman and who worship the sun beside God. Solomon (pboh) sent emissaries to test the truth of what the hoopoe had narrated. On confirmation of his report Solomon (pboh) pardoned the hoopoe and asked his chiefs who could bring before him the throne of the queen Sheba (Saba in Arabic) from Yemen before her men come to us. A giant Jinn offered to bring it to him before he stood up from the council, while another one who had the knowledge of the Book (Prophet Davids Zaboor), said he could do so in the twinkle of an eye. The latters offer was granted and he brought and placed the throne with Queen Sheba of Yemen on it before Solomon, and the story goes on. The underlined parts in 27:39 and 27:40 above point to the fields of research for higher speeds and Still Time to find out as to how fast events could actually happen? Are there entities that are neither matter nor energies? For example what is the explanation that in your thought or imagination you can make a New York to Tokyo journey in the twinkle of an eye? And what is imagination itself? Surely its existence cannot be brushed aside, for every one of us experiences it. Can such entities that are neither matter nor energy transform into matter and/or energy as matter and energy do between themselves? (2) Decoding the Animal Speech: The author sees another field of research for the scientists in this Quraanic chapter. Prophet Solomon (pboh) used to talk to animals vide the verses below: 27:16 And Solomon was Davids heir, and said: O people, we have been taught the speech of the birds, and we have been given from everything; indeed this is a merciful bounty. 27:17:And for Solomon were assembled his hosts of Jinn, men and birds, and they were ranged in order and rank. 27:18 Until when they came to the valley of the ants, an ant said: O you ants! Enter your dwelling places, lest Solomon and his hosts trample you without noticing. 27:19 So Solomon laughed at it and he said: My Lord inspire me so that I may be thankful for your favours which You have bestowed on me and my parents, and that I may do righteous deeds as may please you, and admit me by Your Mercy, among Your righteous servants. So the next field for future research could be the decoding of animal speech. Many animals are quite intelligent and mimic the human being as far as his various gestures and even speech is concerned. Chimps, monkeys, parrots, dolphins, dogs and cats are some of the animals that can be taught by man. Most other animals also show a degree of intelligence. Man has in the past, used pigeons for sending messages from one place to another. He has trained preying birds for enhancing his gaming chances. Farmers and crime detectives have extensively used dogs even to this day. If researches are concentrated on these fields, new technologies could soon be in place for the betterment of the human race. If man shows perseverance of research, he may find that this field is also one of the many that could enjoy Gods Will
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that man should discover it. The author firmly believes that man should start these peaceful researches, which could be of immense benefit to mankind as compared to researches on weaponry and going to far off planets. The revelations and the Promises contained in the Quraan are Absolute Truths. Science has established many of them, and there is no reason why the rest of them will not be. It is just a matter of time. The author has no doubt in his mind that if researches in these directions are intensified, positive results are very likely. (3) Smaller Wavelenth Radiations: Yet another field for research, one find clues and pointers about in the Quraan, is the possibility of harmless radiations of far smaller wavelengths (and hence, far more energetic than the radiations man has known so far. The author has discussed this possibility at greater lengths in his book The Advent of Computers and the system of God (4) Longevity of Mans Age: Last but not least, if scientists are to work towards the longevity of mans average age and the conquest of diseases; he will have to tackle the entities like the soul, life and death itself. The reader should have come across what the Quraan reveals regarding them, over the chapters of this book. The fields may sound abstract and impossible to do research on. The question is, however, has the scientist tried first, and then regarded these fields as abstract? To the knowledge of the author, concrete incidents of spiritual encounters are plentiful in the western, as well as the eastern world that have escaped the scientists heed. Or s the scientist conveniently ignoring such fields of study?.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 5: Conclusions And Appendices
PART FIVE CONCLUSION AND APPENDICES
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 5, Section 1: Conclusions
PART FIVE, SECTION ONE CONCLUSIONS
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 36: Conclusions Drawn
CHAPTER 37 CONCLUSIONS DRAWN

All readers should have reached their own conclusions after having finished reading through the book. The author, however, presents a list of his own, which may or may not be in agreement with those of the readers. 1. The Quraan is a collection of Gods messages revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) through the agency of the archangel Gabriel. It is primarily a Guidance for mankind, but has explicit and more often implicit information on all branches of human knowledge including Modern Siences. The Quraan is not a textbook on any subject. It, however, has a vast amount of information on fields related to science. This is exactly what one would expect from the revelations sent down by the All-Knowing Creator that He should encompass all sectors of His Creation. The Quraan indeed has far more revelations about scientific information than has thus far been realised or written about. Because they are directly from the Creator Himself, the revelations relevant to the fields of science hold the keys for research in those fields for the scientist. The scientist, without any bias whatsoever, must explore the implicit keys relevant to his field contained in the Holy Scriptures, particularly in the Quraan, and use them to unlock the secrets of his future progress. The Quraanic call for the exploration and research of Gods unlimited Signs is for all mankind regardless of colour, faith or geographical boundaries. It is an everlasting call with a promise of rewards befitting the effort put in. The Quraan and science are not in mutual conflict in any way. How could they possibly be while both are from the same Authority, God? In fact the passage of time is proving that the two are in mutual agreement. Those who still think that the Quraan and science are in conflict with each other should ask themselves some questions. Is the Quraan not from God? Are the laws according to which every thing in the universe is running its course not from God? Has the scientist only discovered the God made laws through his effort or has he created them? Honest answers to such questions will lead to only one possibility different jurisdictions of the same Authority cannot be in conflict with each other. Muslims should stop thinking that science is a property of the westerners and that learning sciences and/or scientific technologies is tantamount to following them. Gods call is for Muslims as well as the non Muslims. To think otherwise is just not right. If Muslims will not respond to the call, others will. Muslims as a result will fall irrevocably behind, and this is what is happening. If one looks only a few centuries back, Muslims were in the van of progress in all sciences. Science can be used as a tool to interpret the implicit Quraanic messages just as logic and philosophy have been, provided the intent is honest and sincere. Muslim studentship over the world must not keep back from advancing with time, as Islam and the Quraan are for all times to come.
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10. The Quraan holds the keys for the scientist not only for his todays research, but for plenty more fields for his tomorrow as well.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Chapter 36: Conclusions Drawn
11. KNOWLEDGE WITH ALL ITS SECTORS AND BRANCHES IS FROM GOD, FOR HE IS THE SUPREME KNOWER OF ALL THINGS.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Part 5, Section 2: Appendices
PART FIVE, SECTION TWO APPENDICES
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Appendix 1: Scientific Evidence that God is the Originator of All Laws Under Which the Universe is Running
APPENDIX ONE
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE THAT GOD IS THE ORIGINATOR OF ALL LAWS UNDER WHICH EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE WORKS Physics teachers in schools tell the following to their pupils when they come to start the topic of magnetism: Repulsion and not attraction is the sure test of magnetism. This simply means that to test whether a piece of metal is a magnet, you should suspend it and bring near a suspended magnet. If it attracts the suspended magnet, you cannot be conclusively sure that the metal under test is necessarily a magnet as opposite poles always attract and the suspended magnet induces an opposite pole on the near end of the sample under test. However, if it repels the suspended magnet, then it is surely a magnetic pole of polarity similar to the suspended pole. I have started this chapter with this sure test for a magnet because I am reminded of two similar incidents in my past teaching career. One of my admittedly above average pupils at a North London Secondary School did not agree with the sure test for a magnet, and it took me a weeks explanations and practical demonstrations to convince him. After a couple of weeks he came up to me again and said: Sir, I am in a mental fix, could you please help? Finding me more than eager, he put his dilemma to me: Sir, I was discussing with one of my classmates about Gods Might and Power. Is it true to say that the sure test of Gods Might and Power is not His ability to give life but to take it away? Knowing the arguing skills of the boy full well, I just smiled and replied: come on now Dave, you are not going to compare God to a magnet! However, in this case both the Abilities of God you have mentioned are sure tests of His Might and Power because in Gods case an overwhelming element of Mercy, Love and Benefaction exists which is not there in the case of a magnet. Probably Daves line of argument with his classmate was exactly what he asked me about, and he must be hoping for an endorsement of it, but with a half hearted smile he thanked me and walked away. Years later, at the Zungeru College of Advanced Studies in Bida, Nigeria a colleague of mine (not a physicist) reminded me of my forgotten pupil David when in one of our staff room discourses he said to me: Mr Jafri, I often think very seriously, that Gods Almighty Powers would have been established beyond any shadow of doubt if He had violated the laws of nature, and he added, apparently He does never do this and so the scientists seem to be true when they regard these laws as their own. He was regarded as a very open minded and cautious person, particularly at the times of such conversations, as well as possessing a remarkable quality of presenting his views in a polite and inoffensive manner. He was very respectful to all colleagues and particularly so to me. We had ninety minutes worth of free periods to discuss the topic started by Mr Oninga. At the end of our free time, I suggested that we had better continued the discussion at the coming weekend at my place, or his, over a cup of tea, to which Mr Oninga readily agreed for being with me at my place. During the ninety minutes in the staff room, I laid down the following points before him and promised their further elaboration and some new ones on our impending weekend meeting: Scientists do not regard the laws of nature as their inventions, but regard them as discoveries. What are generally called laws of nature, are not designed and originated by man, because man has not designed and originated what Mr Oninga called nature. here are instances in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and other modern sciences where God has clearly intervened to avert the established laws of Mathematics and Physics for a good and purposeful reason.
Mr Oninga agreed that if I could convince him on the last point, it would be a valuable addition to his knowledge and that he would be very thankful indeed. On our next meeting I presented several instances of Gods intervention in the established laws of Human Biology, one from Chemistry and five from Physics, giving him the reasons for those interventions. With the aid of Ordinary and Advanced Level Physics textbooks, I succeeded in convincing Mr Oninga who, true to his personal nature, was sincerely
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appreciative of the new addition to his knowledge. Today when I look twenty five odd years back, I still amuse myself when thinking that if people are open-minded, how close a similarity there can be in the approaches of an intelligent physics student and a man not involved in the studies of physics at all. Well then, if the amending and averting of the established laws of mathematics and physics is the sure test of God being the Originator of all the laws of nature, including the ones discovered and established by scientists, the author would like to share many of these sure tests with his readers as well as the entire community of open-minded seekers of truth:
1. THE HEAT-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP

If we heat a sample of any liquid, solid or a gas, or cool it for that matter, the temperature of the sample rises or falls with the addition/subtraction of heat to or from it. This is a well established fact of science that everyone takes for granted. This heat-temperature relationship soon breaks down though, and there is no further rise/fall in the samples temperature however more heat energy you add to or subtract from it. Any further heat added/ subtracted is NOT detected by a thermometer as a rise or fall in the samples temperature. This added or subtracted heat which does not influence the temperature of the sample being heated or cooled is known by the physicist as latent (hidden) heat. The breakdown in the established relationship of heat and temperature looks like a natural phenomenon but is due to the intervention of an unseen Supreme Power people know as God, for a purpose very useful for us . The Reason: God set an upper and a lower limit to the heat-temperature relationship because the additional heat added to or subtracted from the sample after these limits works toward the conversion of state of the sample. That is, with further heat addition or subtraction solids vaporize or melt, liquids will vaporize or freeze and gases will liquefy or solidify. It is clear therefore, that without the breakdown of the heattemperature relationship there will be no conversion of the states of matter possible, and mans life will not be the same as we enjoy it today.
2. THE TEMPERATURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIP

The anamalous (unusual) expansion of water: Everyone takes it for granted that things expand when heated and contract when cooled. If the reader also does, then he/she is in for a surprise. In the case of water a sudden and unexpected expansion occurs out of the cooling when its temperature is continuously lowered. Physicists call it the anomalous (unusual or irregular) expansion of water and all authors of OLevel physics textbooks include it to describe and explain. The description side says that water goes on contracting with fall in temperature until it reaches 4 degree Celsius. If water is cooled further, it starts expanding instead of contracting. The Reason: On the explanation side of the unusual phenomenon, authors of Physics textbooks write that this deviation from normality (which the author regards as a Divine Intervention in the laws of Physics) is for the protection of aquatic life. For, this deviation in the generally accepted temperature-volume relationship does not let the deep water ponds and lakes freeze to their bottoms. To be fully satisfied for themselves readers are recommended to read pages 166-168 of the fourth edition of A.F. Abbots book on O- Level Physics, adopted as a textbook in most of the schools in Britain as well as the rest of the world. The only matter of regret in this regard is that scientists do not think for a moment that if there is a deviation from normality for the protection of aquatic life, who would want to protect it? The common sense answer is, of course, the one who owns a cherishable thing will strive and do anything to protect it. God is the Creator, Owner and Cherisher of all life and HE undertakes to protect it. There are many verses in the Quraan that reveal this. The author quotes just a short one of those: 86:4 There is not a single soul over which (We) are not a Protector.
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3. THE ABSOLUTE ZERO OF TEMPERATURE OR THE ZERO KELVIN

You can reach any temperature on the increasing side of it, but you cannot do so on its decreasing side. For example, the temperature of the outer surface of the sun is 10,000 degrees Celsius, and there are stars that are much hotter than that. Indeed the temperatures of the inside core of these stars can be of the order of millions of degrees Celsius. However, on the lower temperature side, it can be easily calculated and shown that the lowest conceivable temperature is just a fraction over 273 degrees below zero degrees Celsius. The helplessness of the scientists is not that they cannot force a balance between the high and the low limits of temperatures, but it lies in the fact that they can never achieve the lowest temperature of only -2730C. For some time this temperature was called the Absolute Zero, but now stands renamed as Zero Kelvin or shortly as 0 K. The scientists started achieving very low temperatures only in the ninteenth century, but it was soon obvious that their march towards the absolute zero of temperature would prove far more difficult than reaching the North or the South poles of the globe, or conquering the peak of Mount Everest. As more and more time passed, scientists developed new techniques of achieving very low temperatures including the liquefaction of gases like oxygen and nitrogen. But alas, reports of failures kept pouring in from all mentionable research centres of the world. What was the reason that kept them from achieving a temperature of 2730 C? It was the Might of God, the Designer-Creator of all things and the Quantizer-Mandator of all laws and provisions for their functioning that was coming in the way of man hitting the temperature of 0 K for mans own safety! Soon the scientists realized that they could go as near to the temperature called the Absolute Zero as possible, but they would never be able to achieve it. Physicists and Mathematicians proved that the volume of anything that was at 2730 C would become zero, that is, it will cease to exist. So all hopes and attempts in this regard died their own death. The graph toward the end of page 177 of Ordinary Level Physics by A F Abbot (Fourth Edition) explains it very well showing that all the established laws of Thermodynamics are shattered below 00 C, which is actually 2730 (273.160 to be precise) on the Kelvin (Previously thermodynamic) scale of temperature. The Reason: What scientists discovered was the Mandate of God when He created the universe, that anything striking a temperature of 273.160 below 00 C would be annihilated. God also appointed a time for the annihilation of the entire universe that only He knows, but that is sure to come at its appointed time. Surely God has created all things for mans benefit, but He will never grant man the ability to annihilate anything. In simpler words, man can never defeat the Might of God. This is in fulfillment of Gods declaration in Verses 56:60 and 70:41 of the Qur,aan: .And We are not to be overcome/defeated. So He intervenes and shatters the established laws when it comes to it.
4. A LIQUID AMONGST THE HEAVY METALS

If one takes a look at the periodic table of elements in which elements are arranged in order of their atomic weights, one will see that the lightest of them are gases, then liquids and then the solids. The solids again, are of increasing atomic weights, the last and, therefore, the heaviest of the 92 natural elements being Uranium. In the middle of these heavy solids is a liquid called Mercury. Although Mercury stands at the atomic number of 80, and has a density 13.6 times that of water, it shows the behaviour of a liquid that flows and is contained in bottles. This is clearly an intervention in the generally accepted principles of science, which is not of mans making. The Reason: God reveals in the Quraan that He has created and mandated all things and all the laws for their functioning for the benefit of man, his most intelligent creation. Man the scientist was not very happy in the field of temperature and pressure measurements. He tried air, water and alcohol as his thermometric substances, but all of them presented problems as far as their non uniform expansion and insensitive responses to small variations in temperatures were concerned. When it came to measuring the atmospheric pressures, and the construction of glass tube barometers for the determination of atmospheric pressure, scientists realized that they needed at least a ten meter long glass tube if they were to use water as their barometric liquid. Besides, there were many other difficulties in using water, or any other lighter
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liquid. The thermometry and barometry difficulties could only be solved if there was a liquid many times more dense than water, that could be seen by the naked human eye with greater ease and which did not wet glass, as well as whose rate of expansion and or contraction over small or larger ranges of temperatures/pressures rises/falls was uniform. The True Creator of all things and the Mandator of all laws knew that man would need such a liquid. So He exercised His Almighty Power to deviate from a general principle and provide one liquid right in the middle of heavy metals. This liquid amongst the solids has a density as high as 13.6 times that of water and has all the properties envisaged by the researchers in the fields of Thermal Energy. Small clinical and laboratory thermometers and barometers with manageable lengths of glass tubing are all due to this Merciful Divine Deviation from the generally accepted and established principle that heavy elements must be solid at room temperatures due to the large force of mutual attraction between their molecules. Numerous other examples of Gods intervention in the scientifically established laws can be given here, but they may be too scientific to understand for readers not familiar with topics like atomic structure, electron configuration, solid state physics, radioactivity and the like. Those interested. might read about the Haizenburgs Uncertainty Principle in Quantum Mechanics and Paulis Exclusion Principle in Atomic Structure as just two examples.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Appendix 2: God, His Angels, Messngers and Books
APPENDIX TWO GOD, HIS ANGELS, MESSENGERS AND BOOKS

1. THE ALMIGHTY GOD
All major and most mentionable religious systems of the world have a firm belief in the existence of an Almighty, All-Powerful, Omni-potent and Omni- present God Who is Up there. But the fact remains that the Truest Attributes of the One who is Up there and doing everything, are only found in the Divine Books revealed by Him to some chosen Apostles of His, for the sake of onward transmission to mankind. Indeed, most of His own Names are revealed by God in the last of His Books, the Holy Quraan. These Names, which God Himself has described in the Quraan, as His Beautiful Names (Al-Asmaa-ul-Husna) convey the most comprehensive descriptions of His Marvelous and Multifarious-but-Unique Attributes. In addition, it was the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the last of Gods Messengers to be sent for mankind, that taught and established all the True Attributes of God, most of which were completely new for his people, who were plunged in total darkness of ignorance and had gone too far astray, as far as the worship of One God was concerned. It is not possible for a man other than an Apostle appointed and sent by God, to fully know, describe, write or explain the Attributes of God in their totality. The author quotes below a couple of verses from the Holy Quraan in support of this statement: 18:109 Say: If the ocean were ink for (writing) the words (Attributes) of my Lord, the ocean would be exhausted before the words (Attributes) of my Lord (are fully written out), even if we were to bring another ocean like it again for its aid. 31:27 And if all the trees on the earth were (made) pens and the ocean (were ink), with seven (more) oceans behind it to add to its (supply), yet would not the word (Attributes) of God be exhausted (if you were to write them); for God is Exalted in Power, full of Wisdom. 2. THE ANGELS OF GOD Mankind in general, and the people of the Book in particular Know well about the angels of God. However, the notions about them in everybodys mind are not quite the same, and many have them wrong altogether. Some of the wrongly prevalent notions about Gods Angels are or were: (i) (ii) (iii) That they are females, That they are Gods daughters, and That each of them invariably has a pair of wings.
Such were particularly the beliefs of Arabs before the Advent of Prophet Muhammad (pboh). In His last Book, the Quraan, God regards these notions not only as untrue, but allegations that are utterly baseless and without any genuine knowledge or authority. Further, the Quraan, as in the case of all other subjects on which it speaks, removes all doubts and presents the absolute truth about Gods angels too. The author gives here a brief summary of what God in the Quraan and Prophet Muhammad (pboh) in his Traditions tell us about the angels of God: (i) They are the oldest creatures of God,
(ii) (iii)
They were created by God from Light, An Angel may have two, four, six (or more) wings.commensurate with that angels status and/or assignments.
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(iv) (v)
Angels can assume any other form including mans when they may not have any wings at all The Arch Angel Gabriel used to bring Gods Words to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the form of a mighty angel and also as a man resembling the shape of one of his companions Dahiya Kalbi(may God be pleased with him). They are not designed to disobey God, that is, the intelligence and the power of making their own decisions is not given to them as it is to the Jinn and Man. If a juncture of choice of options or actions arises, they refer back to God and take fresh mandate. Various Angels are appointed to perform various tasks such as protecting God-created life, recording the deeds of intelligent creatures, maintaining them as safe kept records, taking out the souls from the bodies of creatures whose appointed life term has come to an end, carrying out the initial questioning as soon as a dead body goes in its grave, or the final resting place whatever it might be. Gate keeping and looking after the affairs of the Gardens of Bliss and the Pit of Fire, and so on and so forth.
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Several angels and the tasks performed by them have been revealed in the Quraan. Some of these are: (i) Jibraeel (Gabriel) Known rightly as the Archangel: He is the leader of the entire army of angels. He is the link between God and mankind. He is the one who brought down Gods Words to His Apostles, and for that he is mentioned by God as the Trusted Messenger and the Trustworthy Spirit. It was he who took Prophet Muhammad (pboh) on his Accession Journey .He is the one Angel that has gone nearer to God (measurable distance wise) as compared to any other Angel. Mikaeel (Michael): His main responsibility is to oversee the provision of sustenance according to Gods mandate to His entire Creation. Izraeel: Popularly known as the Angel of death, he takes away the souls of men and other creatures when their allotted life terms come to an end. Israfeel: He will be commanded by God to blow the three famous Trumpet Blasts for warning the end, executing the actual end of this universe, and for the gathering of every soul for the final accountability. Munkar and Nakeer: The two angels who carryout the initial questioning just after death. Kiraman Kaatibeen: The two Honoured Recorders one of whom is assigned to record our good deeds and other records our bad ones. Ridwaan: Assigned as a gatekeeper of Paradise.
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Other Angels mentioned by name are Haaroot and Maaroot who were sent down in Babylon. 3. THE MESSENGERS OF GOD God sent down as many as a hundred and twenty four thousand Apostles to spread His word amongst the intelligent creatures of His, man and jinn. However, all the messengers have been from the most intelligent species, man. Each and every one of those Apostles preached the same message, the three central points of which being the unquestionable Oneness of God, the Absolute Authority of God, and that one should live the life granted to him according to His Directives and Guidelines. These three central points have been preached by all the Prophets from Adam to Muhammad (peace be on all of them). Only twenty five out of that long chain of Gods Messengers have been mentioned by name in the last of His Books, The Quraan,
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revealed to the last of His Messengers, Muhammad (peace be upon him). The twenty five Apostles of God mentioned in the Quraan are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Adam (peace be upon him), Idrees (peace be upon him), Nooh (Noah) (peace be upon him), Yunus (Jonah) (peace be upon him), Loot (Lot) (peace be upon him), Ilyaas (Elias) (peace be upon him), Ayyub (Job) (peace be upon him), Ibraheem (Abraham) (peace be upon him), Ismaeel (Ishmael) (peace be upon him), Ishaaq (Isaac) (peace be upon him), Yaqoob (Jacob) (peace be upon him), Yusuf (Joseph) (peace be upon him), Dhul Qarnain (peace be upon him), Shoaib (peace be upon him). Saleh (peace be upon him), Hood (peace be upon him), Daood (David) (peace be upon him), Sulaiman (Solomon) (peace be upon him), Alyase (peace be upon him), Moosa (Moses) (peace be upon him), Haroon (Aaron) (peace be upon him), Eesa (Jesus) (peace be upon him), Zakariya (Zechariah) (peace be upon him), Yahyya (John) (peace be upon him), and Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Each of the above twenty five, mentioned in the Quraan had some unique quality or an amazing story associated with him for which God chose to mention him by name in His Last Book. For example, Adams uniqueness was that he was the first ever man, and was created from clay and then wedded to Eve created out him, and the two then started the genitive reproduction of mankind. So Adam has been portrayed as the father of all mankind and the first ever Apostle of God on earth. Noah has been mentioned as an Apostle of God whose people were drowned in a Big Flood and he saved life in its generality from extinction by taking a pair of every species aboard his famous Ark on Gods Command. Lot has been mentioned for staging a desperate struggle against the homosexual habits of his people. Jonah spent time in the belly of a fish. Abraham has been mentioned for his struggle against King Nimrod who had proclaimed himself as God, and for his famous dream in which he was asked to give the sacrifice of his beloved son Ishmael in the name of God. Isaac and Jacob are mentioned because of them being the chosen ones whose generations were to be appointed as Apostles by God. David and Solomon were mentioned for their mighty kingdoms and the unique powers granted to them by God. Moses and Aaron have been reported for their ordeals with the Pharaoh of Egypt. Jesus is mentioned for the unique way he was born to the Virgin Marry, and for the unique Signs given to him by God and for all the mistaken and wrongful attributes associated with him by his own people, and so on and so forth. Five of the above twenty five, namely Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad (peace be on them) have been described as Major Prophets and Messengers. The author regrets that the scope of this book does not allow him to include here the details of all the Signs granted to, and all the stories narrated about all the Apostles of God belonging to the above list. Muhammad son of Abdullah of Makkah in Arabia, was the last of His multitude of Messengers through whom God completed all His Blessings, Favours of Mercy and Guidance for mankind, as well as perfected the religion that was started with Adam and which evolved slowly with time, enhanced by every Apostle of God that was sent by Him. Being the terminator of the Divine Institution of Prophethood of God, Muhammad (peace be upon him), has a unique position not only amongst the Apostles of God, but in the History of mankind as a whole. For this reason, and for the reason that he and the Divine Book revealed to him have a continuous relevance to
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this work, the author would like to relate briefly to the reader some of the points unique to the last of the Prophets of God. MUHAMMAD (PBOH), THE LAST OF GODS MESSENGERS TO MANKIND All the one hundred and twenty four thousand of the Messengers of God from Adam to Muhammad, (peace be upon them all), were sent for the entirety of mankind regardless of where and in what race of people they were born and carried out their Missions. The Mission carried out by each and every one of them was to preach to humanity at large, starting from his own people, the Absolute Unity of God, to teach them Gods Truest Attributes and Signs and to tell them how God wants them to live their lives individually as well as collectively. All the Apostles chosen by God for this Mission from time to time carried out their entrusted Mission to the best of their abilities. The author wishes to relate to his reader, very briefly, some of the points unique about Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). 1. Coming at the end of the long chain of the Messengers of God, and as such being the terminator of the Institution of Prophethood and Divine Revelation, he is a messenger of God for the entire mankind till the very end of this universe, as according to the Quraan and his own Traditions, no Prophets or Messengers are to come after him, and so the tenure of his prophethood shall extend for all times to come after him. The Mission that God started with Adam and evolved through the effort of all the Apostles, was completed on him. Various Apostles have been given divine titles by God. For example, Abraham as Khaleelullah (the friend of God), Ishmael as Zabeehullah (the one sacrificed for God), Moses as Kaleemullah (the one who conversed with God) and Jesus as Roohullah (the Spirit of God) and so on. Although all the ones mentioned in the above example were without a doubt chosen Messengers of God, but God gave them different titles to show His liking of them. The official title that carries a unique sense of intimate owning, Rasoolullah (The Messenger of God), was only safe kept for the last of them. He was not educated at all, and yet is accepted as a great Educationist. He never took any martial or military training whatsoever, and yet was a great soldier and a highly successful army commander. Nobody (except God) trained him in the art of public speaking, and yet his oratory has no parallels in Arabic language and his public addresses are masterpieces of literature in that language. He could only put the stamp of his name at the end of them, and yet the letters drafted and dictated by him to his writers form an extra ordinary treasure of literature in his language. He was born after his fathers death, lost his mother at the age of six and the patron figure of his grandfather before he was nine, and yet he was recognized by the people of his time as a tower of strength, courage and self confidence and a model of leadership. He was an undisputed crownless king for hundreds of thousands of men wielding a great power, and yet he never used a chair to sit on, and eagerly slept on the ground.
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10. There were many who disliked him because he purged the ways of worship of their forefathers, and yet they approached him for safe keeping their deposits and for adjudicating in their disputes. 11. He was told by God through the Quraan that you are a Rehmah (Mercy) for all the Worlds of whom I am the Rabb (Lord Master).
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12. He was told by God through the Quraan that Indeed, you are on the very highest level of Good Morality. 13. He was told by God through the Quraan that: You are the last of the Prophets. 14. He was told by God through the Quraan that: I have raised high your renown. (The esteem in which you are held will go up by leaps and bounds with the passage of time). 15. He was told by God through the Quraan that in acknowledgement of the painstaking and devoted services rendered by you in this world I will give you (an award) in the hereafter that will make you happy. 16. He was the one to whom God sent the good tiding through the Archangel Gabriel naming ten of his devoted companions who were granted high places in Gods Gardens of Bliss within their life times on the earth. 17. The days as well the dates of his birth and death are the same. 18. He told his companions that: The plot of land between my room and the pulpit of my Mosque is a plot from the Garden of Bliss. 19. His famous last sermon is the first ever charter of human rights, race relations and emancipation of women, in which, apart from other things, he told his followers that I am leaving with you the Book of God, and as long as you will hold on to it you will not decline (in faith or power), but you will start your declination as soon as you will start being heedless to its messages and teachings. 20. He was the one who foretold the audience of his last sermon about his approaching death by saying to them: Listen to what I say to you very carefully, for you may not see me ever again after this sermon. 21. His Traditions, over and above the Quraan are a great help in understanding the Truest Attributes of God, His universe and its functioning as well as Islamic Law. 4. THE BOOKS OF GOD God, throughout the tenure of Prophethood, instituted and run by Him from Adam to Muhammad (peace be upon them all), revealed four compete Books to four of His chosen Messengers. They are: 1. 2. 3. 4. The Songs of David (Zaboor) revealed to Prophet David (peace be upon him). The Torah (Torait) revealed to Prophet Moses (peace be upon him). The Bible (Injeel) revealed to Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him). And finally, The Quraan (Al Quraan) revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Each of the above four Books, God says in the Quraan is a Source of Mercy, Guidance and a Beacon of Light for all men. At the same time God also reveals in the Quraan that the majority of the people for whom the Books were sent, took pleasure in refusing to listen to their God-sent Prophets, finding ways and pretexts of denying them and branding them as liars and imposters. Many nations, tribes and groups of people are mentioned in the Quraan that went to the extent of persecuting and even killing the Prophets of their time. In keeping with this human nature, the people of the Book were no different. Soon after their Prophets left them, they started finding pretexts to change the verses of the Books they left behind them for petty gains. This was done systematically by people who had never believed in what was said in the Books. They exploited the verses of the Books for their own interests, changed them and sold
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them for paltry monetary gains. Those who believed could do nothing about it as they were hopelessly outnumbered and out powered by the evil ones. This went on until the true believers died out, and their future generations started to accept the changed and man written versions of the Books as the true and authentic original ones. The Quraan being the last of the God revealed Books was granted some unique privileges by God so that the Book that He wanted to serve humanity as a Source of Mercy, Guidance and a Beacon of Light for all time after Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him), may not be accorded the same treatment by the enemies of Truth. The author will like to present here some of the points unique about the Quraan for the benefit of the reader. THE QURAAN 1. It is the most revered Book in the world today. Any Muslim man or woman of any age will not touch it until he/she has done the Ablution (lesser bath). It is always kept in a high place where impurities of daily life cannot reach. It is the most read Book on earth today. Every Muslim regards it a sacred privilege to read a portion from it whenever he/she can. Most read from it at least once every day, others twice and yet others five times a day and even more. It is undoubtedly the most memorized Book. God says in it that: I have made this Quraan easy to memorize. Indeed there are millions of men living today who have committed the whole of the Quraan to their hearts. They are respectfully known as Huffaaz meaning Protectors.. It is a Book that God has promised to protect Himself against any possibilities of changes to be made by disgruntled human beings. For fifteen hundred years not a consonant or a vowel has undergone a change in its text or the order of its chapters or the number and the order of the verses in any of its chapters. Qudratullah Shahab, the personal secretary of former president Ayyub Khan of Pakistan writes in his best seller Shahab Nama that in one of the late presidents visits to Russia, he was with Ayyub Khan when the Russian hosts took the visiting party to the Tashkent Museum and showed them the copy of the Quraan used by the third Caliph of Islam Hadharat Othmaan (may God be pleased with him), which he was reading at the time of his martyrdom some fourteen hundred years ago. Some pages of the Manuscript were blood stained. Shahab was a scholar of the Quraan himself, and he testifies in his book that the text and its order were exactly the same, as we have in our copies today, consonant to consonant and vowel to vowel. It is a Book in which God has openly challenged mankind to try and produce a single chapter like the ones in it, if they really doubted that it is from God, or thought that it has been written by a man or a group of men for that matter. It should be noted that the smallest of the chapters in the Quraan comprises of only three small sentences, and as such the challenge is only to produce three small verses like the ones in the Quraan. This open challenge is contained in 2:23 and I quote it below:
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6. Being the last of the Divinely revealed Books the Quraans messages and injunctions will be valid and serve humanity for the rest of the times to come. 7. If accepted by open minds, the Quraan will continue to guide mankind to the highest standards of morality and toward new fields of scientific research, and consequently toward new discoveries. 2:23 And if you are in doubt about what We have revealed (the Quraan) to Our servant Muhammad (peace be on him), then produce one chapter like it; and (feel free to) call upon your helpers other than God, if you are truthful. Challenges such as the above are repeated in four other verses of the Quraan but are not answered by the staunchest of the Quraans critics and doubt raisers, though being some of the most learned of the people on earth. Sahbaan was an Arab pagan who was so famous in Arabic Oratory and composition, that he
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never uttered the same word twice in his writings and speeches. A celebrated Persian poet says in one of his couplets in Persian, and the author translates: You can attain the standards and skill of Sahbaan in your oratory and composition, but you can never reach the Skill manifest in the smallest of Gods Composition. Islamic History has it that the smallest chapter (108) was written down and posted by the door of the Kaaba and the learned ones of the pagans were challenged to compose a sentence like it. The Quraanic verse is: 108:1 To thee We have granted Al Kauther. (The heavenly fount of Abundance). This very short verse was there on the Kaaba wall by the side of its door for many years with a challenge that hurt the pride of every disbeliever of Makkah, but no response to it was forthcoming. At long last, when the paper began to wear out, the most celebrated composer in Arabic of that time reached up to the paper and wrote underneath the Quraanic verse: Hadha ma kalaam-il- bashar, translated in English the reply written says: It is not/ cannot be a human beings composition.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Appendix 3: The Teachings and Traditions of Prophet Muhammad (PBOH)
APPENDIX THREE THE TEACHINGS AND TRADITIONS OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PEACE BE ON HIM)
Muslims all over the world regard the Sayings (Traditions) and Doings (Sunnah) of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) as the most cherished and revered, after the Revelations of the Quraan. According to some, the term Sunnah is reserved for the actions and practices of the Prophet while his sayings are called Ahadith (singular: Hadith). The Prophet (peace be on him) taught his disciples, everything from scratch, be it the smallest or the largest aspects of matters covering every single walk of life. In a matter of just a few years, he not only eradicated the ill based concepts and practices of the then prevalent era of ignorance and darkness from his people, but transformed them into a Nation whose standards of social, economical, political, martial, educational and moral excellence were soon redrawing the maps, and rewriting the history of the world. His way of going about talking and dealing with people was effective, fascinating and sweet that captured the hearts of even the worst of his enemies, let alone his disciples. There are numerous cases recorded in Islamic History of people reaching up to him with intentions of murdering him or spying on him and then entering into his folds never to leave him again. One of them being Umar (Omar) son of Al-Khattab who left his home brandishing a naked sword, openly declaring that he was going out to find and kill Muhammad (peace be on him). When he was in this condition of rage, he was enquired of his intentions by a smiling acquaintance on his way; the man diverted him to his sisters home saying: First go and take care of your own sister who has embraced Muhammads religion together with her husband. Umar rushed straight to his sisters place and was extremely cruel to her as well as her husband. The couple, however, proved too steadfast not only to withstand Umars assault, but they told him that they will never give up teir new fond wealth of Islam come what may. On Umars demand they agreed to give him the passage from the Qur,aan they were reading when he knocked at the door on the condition that he washed himself first. When Umar complied, they obliged him and.also told him the place where the prophet was at that time. Umar rushed there with the sword still naked in his hand. Everyone was alarmed but the Prophet let him enter and enquire the reason of his coming with a naked sword in such sweet a manner that Umar simply threw away his sword and flung himself onto the Prophets feet to become the fortieth Muslim, and the first to take out his newly found fellows to declare their faith and to pray openly in the precincts of Kaaba for the first time. It was Umar son of Al-Khattab about whom the Prophet once said: If there were to be a Prophet after me, it would have been Umar. Umar lived a life great enough to be included by the author C E Hart, an American Christian, in His book The Hundred, at number 53. It is a book in which Hart has compiled a list of the hundred greatest men, chosen on their merits, who revolutionised the world most in the least time. Needless to say that Hart selected the Prophet of Islam (peace be on him) as his number one choice. Umar (may God be pleased with him), died a martyrs death as the third Caliph of Islam. The author presents below a small selection from the Teachings and Traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him), from which, he hopes the reader will get an idea as to how an uneducated man who could neither read nor write, could prepare a group of people who revolutionised the world in record quick time. In the examples presented, the author will also indicate the underlying scientific laws and principles, established some fourteen hundred years after his passing away, in what he taught, The author will suggest the underlying scientific reasons he sees, only in the first few of his teachings. He hopes the readers will be able to see those for themselves in the rest of the Teachings and Traditions. THE TEACHINGS The Prophet (peace be on him) used to instruct his followers not to look into the mirror, clip their nails or comb their hair at night time. Reason: The reason is that a man sees things after light incident on them is reflected and reaches his eye. Physicists know now that a significant percentage (20% in the case of glass) of the original incident light is absorbed by the reflecting surface and only 80% of the incident light is reflected. Thus, if light reaches
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ones eyes after a single reflection from a glass object, he is receiving only 80% of the original. For this scientific reason, looking in the mirror or performing tasks in reduced light, specially at night, is very strenuous to the eye, particularly so if the light is of poor intensity to begin with. These days most people do not realize this because light intensities are usually high. However, the law is there and practices described above are still harmful to the eye, particularly if the light reaches it after multiple reflections. 2. . Reason: There is a bacterium in the air which affects and spoils consumables if they are left open and exposed to air for long periods of time. Sometimes, one finds the drink or food apparently unaffected after a full nights exposure to air and consumes them in the morning, then suffers the consequences without knowing the real cause for it. 3. The Prophet (peace be on him) used to tell his followers not to sit in public meetings or go to their work places after they had consumed raw vegetables like the onion, garlic or the radish. The Prophet (peace be on him) used to advise his followers not to leave milk, water and other consumables uncovered when they went to sleep.
Reason: These vegetables and some others like them have very strong and unpleasant odours that persist for a long time even after the consumer has washed and brushed his teeth. In addition to its scientific reasoning, the advice appears to be aimed at the teaching of good manners. 4. The Prophet (peace be on him) used to advise his followers to make sure that all fires and flames, used for cooking and illuminating purposes has been well extinguished before they went to sleep.
Reason: If charcoal or wood fire (or any open flame for that matter) is not extinguished to the fullest satisfaction, it needs just a little oxygen to rekindle. The combustion points of some of the materials and gases around may be very low and a dangerous fire might start. Also, if flames like those of candles and oil lamps are left low instead of complete extinguishing, not only the same danger exists but there is also a greater danger of production of the very poisonous Carbon Monoxide gas. These are just a few examples of how the Prophet (peace be on him) taught his followers to pay attention to the smallest of their daily life tasks, and the reader will have noted how scientific were his teachings. He also paid equal attention in teaching them the good manners and right etiquettes for every conceivable occasion in every single walk of life whether big or small. It is regretted that more of the Prophets teachings can not be discussed here for want of space. The author now presents some examples of the Prophets Traditions . THE TRADITIONS Muslim scholars from the very early Islamic era have recorded every word and action the Prophet uttered or committed and researched them thoroughly. This is another source of endless knowledge for them, second only to the Quraan. However, as the Prophet (peace be on him) was only a man, it was possible for the open and hidden disbelievers of the time to produce sayings that looked like his, with a view to create misunderstanding and confusion amongst the followers of Islam. The enemies of the teachings of the Prophet (peace be on him) made it a kind of hobby to forge reports and falsely attribute them to the Prophet (peace be on him). His faithful Companions and the sincere devotees to the cause of Islam struggled really hard against such forgeries and appointed committees of experts to detect the fake reports. Those committees set up very stringent tests and criteria to declare a report as authentic. The scholars in this field started extensive researches and the compilation of the Traditions of the Prophet (peace be on him) began as an exclusive science. Not only the tracing of the original source/s of a particular report, and quoting their name/s with it was made compulsory, but the researchers opened files containing notes on the basis of biographical sketches, closeness to the Prophet (peace be on him), services rendered to Islam and the trustworthiness of thousands of potential reporters. Thus the large scale publication of the Prophets Authentic Tradition was in place by the third Hijra century. The scholars who undertook this task are known as Aimma or Imams. Imam literally means the one who leads from the front. As the Arabic for a Tradition is Hadith, these Imams are also called Muhaddathin. Following the strict Code of Conduct put forth by the earlier committees, they set very difficult standards and criteria to accept a Tradition as an
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authentic one, worthy of being included in the collections they compiled as the result of their researches. For brevitys sake the author describes below only two of the criteria set by the Imams: !. The contents of any Tradition should not be against the teachings of the Quraan, and, 2, The source or the chain of sources of a Tradition must be traceable to one of the trustworthy Companions of the Prophet (peace be on him). There are many collections of the Prophets Traditions out of which six major ones are regarded as the most authentic and are popularly known as Sihah Sittah, literally meaning the six correct ones. . They are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Sahih Bokhari of Imam Bokhari, The Sahih Musim of Imam Muslim bin Hajjaj, The Sunan of Imam Abu Daud, The Sunan of Imam Tirmidhi. The Sunan of Imam Nisaee , and, The Sunan of Imam Ibn Maja.
The author of these six famous books chose only some 35 thousand traditions out of several hundred thousands. .Any Tradition that has been included in all the six authentic books, or at least the first two, is branded as Muttafiqun Alaih, meaning agreed by all. Beside these six popular collections some of the other mentionable works are the Sunan of Imam Darimi, the Mowatta of Imam Malik and the Musnad of Imam Ahmad bin Hanmbal. In the last two centuries, many western scholars have also done valuable work in this field. Some have produced valuable works in Arabic, while others have added their translations of works already existing, in their respective languages. Some of the names worthy of mention are A. Sprenger, Edward E Salisbury, O V Houdas, L Kehl, I Goldziher, G H A Juynboll, J Horovvitz and A J Wensink.. The usual way of quoting a Tradition is to give its source (The companion/s including the wives of the Prophet), followed by the text of the Tradition. The author presents here, a small topic-wise selection for the benefit of the reader. SOME EXAMPLES FROM THE TRADITIONS 1. ABOUT CHARITY On the authority of Abu Hurairah ( may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God ( peace be on him) said: Every part of a persons body must perform a charity everyday the sun comes up; to act justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto it or hoisting his belongings onto it is a charity; a good word is a charity; every step you take to the prayers is a charity; and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity. (Bokhari and Muslim) 2. ABOUT GOOD DEEDS On the authority of Abu Dharr ( may God be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet ( peace be on him) told me: Do not consider the smallest good deed as insignificant; even meeting your brother with a cheerful face is a good deed. (Muslim)
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3. ON GOOD MANNERS (1) On the authority of Abdullah Ibn Amr bin AlAas (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him), neither talked indecently, nor did he listen to indecent talk. He said: The best of you are those who have good manners. (Bokhari and Muslim) (2) On the authority of Umar (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (peace be on him), said: No person should ask another person to vacate his place and then sit there. The people who already were there should make room for him and accommodate. (Muslim) (3) On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: Part of someones being a good Muslim is his leaving alone that which does not concern him. (Tirmizi) 4. ON ANGER AND RAGE On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may God be pleased with him), who said: A man asked the Prophet (peace be on him) to advise him. The Prophet said: Do not be overwhelmed by anger. The man repeated his request for advice several times. Every time the Prophet said: Do not be overwhelmed by anger. (Bokhari) 5. GREEDINESS AND REPENTANCE On the authority of Anas Bin Malik (may God be pleased with him), who said the Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: If there was one valley of gold for the son of Adam (man), he would long for another one, A man will never be satisfied, only death will stop him from being greedy. God returns to him who repents. 6. FAMILY AND RELATIVES (1) On the authority of Aishah (may God be pleased with her), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: The best among you is he who is the most kind to his wife and I am the most kind to my wives. (Tirmizi) On the authority of Jubair bin Mutim (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: He who breaks blood ties will not enter Paradise. (Bokhari and Muslim) On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: One who conspires a woman against her husband is not one of us. (Abu Daud) 7. NEIGHBOURS RIGHTS On the authority of Aishah (may God be pleased with her), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: Gabriel advised me to do good to the neighbour to the point I almost thought he would eventually advise me to make my neighbour my heir. (Bokhari and Muslim) 8. KINDNESS TO ANIMALS On the authority of Abdullah (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: A woman was tormented (in her grave) because of a cat which she had confined and starved until it died. She did not allow it to eat or drink while it was in confinement, nor did she free it so that it might eat the insects of the earth. As a result of her evilness, she was condemned to Hell. (Bokhari and Muslim)
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9. DIGNITY OF LABOUR On the authority of Abu Abdullah Zubair ibn Awam (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: Everyone of you should take hold of your rope, go to the mountain, collect and carry a load of fire-wood on your back, and sell it for your living. This will be better for you than begging from people, whether they give or refuse. (Bokhari) 10. AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY On the authority of Ibn Umar (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: Every one of you is a protector and guardian of his immediate charge and is responsible for the actions of those people who are committed to his charge. A ruler is also a steward and is accountable for those who are put under his charge. A man is a steward in respect to the family members of his house. A woman is a stewardess in respect of her husbands house and his children. In short every one of you is a steward and is accountable for those who are placed under your care. (Bokhari and Muslim) 11. LAW AND LEGISLATURE (1) On the authority of Ibn Abbas (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet of God (peace be on him) said: If people were to be given according to their claims (in courts), men will claim the lives and fortunes of other people. The burden of proof is on the claimant and the taking of the oath is incumbent upon him who denies. (Baihaqi, and part of this is also related by Bokhari and Muslim) (2) On the authority of Abu Dharr (may God be pleased with him), who said he heard the Messenger of God (peace be on him) saying: He who claims what he does not own (in a court), is not one of us, and he will find his place in the Hell-fire. (Muslim)
(3) On the authority of Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet of God (peace be on him) said: May I tell you of the best witness? He is the one who offers his testimony before he is asked for it. (Muslim) 12. BUSINESS AND TRADE On the authority of Abu Saeed (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: The truthful and honest merchant shall be with the prophets, with the standard bearers of truth and with the martyrs. (Tirmizi) 13. THE SIGNS OF THE DOOMSDAY (1) On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may God be pleased with him), who said the Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: A time will come when a man will not care how he gets things lawfully or unlawfully (Bokhari) (2) On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may God be pleased with him), who said the the Prophet (peace be on him) said: A time will come when a murdere will not know why he has committed the murder, and the victim will not know why he has been killed. (3) On the authority of Anas (may God be pleased with him), who said I heard the Messenger of God (peace be on him) saying: Among the signs of the Last Day are: That knowledge will suffer complete extinction. Ignorance, adultery, and drinking of wine will be alarmingly on the increase.
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The number of males will decrease while the number of females will increase until there will be only one male to look after fifty women. (14). MURDER On the authority of Umar (may God be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of God (peace be on him) said: A Muslim remains enjoying the safety and protection of his faith so long as he does not commit murder. There are hundreds of topics and on each topic there are hundreds of Traditions. This is just a small and random selection that the author thinks will suffice for the reader to get a glimpse of how the Prophet of Islam taught and trained his followers at each step of their daily lives.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Appendix 4: Worlds First Charter of Human Rights. Race Relations And Women Emancipation
APPENDIX FOUR WORLDS FIRST RECORDED CHARTER OF HUMAN RIGHTS, RACE RELATIONS AND WOMEN EMANCIPATION
THE PARTTING SERMON OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PEACE BE ON HIM)
This Sermon was delivered on the Ninth Day of Dhul Hijjah 10 A.H, (632 CE) in theUranah Valley of mount Arafat in Makkah. It was the occasion of the annual rites of Hajj (the pilgrimage). The historical occasion is known, in the Islamic History, as the Farewell Pilgrimage, and this sermon is also known as The Parting or the Farewell Sermon of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him). In The Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful After praising and thanking Allah, the One True God, the Prophet (peace be on him) began with these words: "O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether, after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen to what I am saying to you carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today. O People, just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds. Allah has forbidden you to take usury (Interest), therefore, all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity. Allah has judged that there will be no interest and that all the interest due to Abbas son of Abd al- Muttalib (Prophets uncle) is waived.
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Every right arising out of homicide in pre Islamic days is henceforth waived and the first such right I waive is that arising from the murder of Rabia son of al- Harithiah ( prophets first cousin). O Men! The unbelievers indulge in the tampering of the calendar in order to make permissible that which Allah forbade, and to prohibit which Allah has made permissible. With Allah the months are twelve in number. Four of them are holy, three of these are consecutive and one occurs singly between the months of Jamadah and Sahbaan Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things. O People! It is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste. O People! listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat (obligatory charity). Perform Hajj if you can afford to. All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non- Arab; also a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a black have any superiority over a white, except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim, and that Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not do injustice to yourselves. Remember, one day you will appear before Allah and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone. O People, No prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O People! And understand my words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Qur'aan and my example (my doings and sayings, known as the Sunnah and the Traditions) and if you follow these you will never go astray.
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All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness oh Allah that I have conveyed your message to your people." At this point, the Prophet asked: O people, have I faithfully delivered unto you my message? A mighty murmur of assent echoed: Allahumma Nam meaning O God, yes! These vibrant words constituting the reply to the Prophets question erupted from the thousands of the pilgrims present and roared like a thunder throughout the valley. The prophet then raised his forefinger and said three times: Be my Witness O Allah, that I have conveyed your message to your people. As part of this sermon the Prophet recited to his audience a Revelation from Allah which he had just received and which completed the Quraan, for it was the last passage to be revealed: 5:3 This day the disbelievers despair of prevailing against your religion, so fear them not, but fear Me! This day I have perfected for you your religion and fulfilled My favour unto you, and it has been My Good Pleasure to choose Islam for you as your religion. The Sermon was repeated sentence by sentence by Safwans brother Rabiah (May God be pleased with him), who had a powerful voice, at the request of the Prophet and he faithfully proclaimed the Prophets sentences to over ten thousand people listening at the occasion. The author has included Prophet Muhammads Last Sermon as an appendix in this book because from it the unbiased reader shall have a true picture of how tolerant, peaceful, just, and education oriented the religion of Islam is. Those who carryout aggression against others and propagate violence just for spreading terror (Muslims or non Muslims) surely commit an act that has no place in Islam as a Religion. The author thinks necessary to add two small notes here: Note 1: Allah is the Proper name in Arabic for God. It is the first of His 99 Beautiful Names. With this Name, the following attributes of God are conveyed automatically: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The One and Only, The Creator and Sustainer, The One Who has no equals, associates or partners, The Almighty one, One Who does what He wishes, and many others.
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Note 2: This Sermon is regarded as the first ever recorded charter of human rights, womens emancipation, and race relations by Muslim as well as a host of non-Muslim Scholars and Experts around the world. That justifies the authors caption of this chapters,
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Appendix 5: Some Answers Long Overdue
APPENDIX FIVE SOME ANSWERS LONG OVERDUE

Some answers are long due to people, who for some reason have no faith of any kind at all, not even in the existence of God. Well, whatever they choose for themselves to believe in or otherwise, they have a right to it. But to show contempt for other peoples faiths and to be blasphemous and arrogantly critical of any group of people for what they believe in is not a matter of human rights. However, there are such people, who not only deny the existence of the Divinity themselves, but also derive a lot of pleasure and pride in upsetting others by openly ridiculing what they believe in. The author puts such people in three groups according to the intensity of their activities: 1. 2. 3. The atheists, The blasphemers, The skeptics and/or the critics.
The author has some words for each of the above three groups. 1. TO THE ATHEISTS Indeed the author owes an answer to the self proclaimed atheist student whose shrewdly composed question "Can God create a stone so heavy that He Himself would not be able to lift?", gave him the desire and drive to study Comparative Theology, about Islam, about Gods Creation, His Messengers and His Books as well as to try and understand whether God runs the affairs of what He has created on sound scientific lines, or does so just by simply invoking the Might and Omnipotence attributed to Him by people. Does He do whatever He does without any regard to any rules and regulations, or does He run His Universe according to logical systems based on pertinent laws that can explain and unravel the very purpose, and the intrinsic details of His creation?. After a keen study of well over three decades, the author feels he should tell the 1966 student at the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London, and for that matter, to all others having brains and ideas like him, about what the author learned as the result of his studies of the Last Book of God, the Quraan. The author regrets that it took so long to come up with answers to his question.The author does not know the whereabouts of the student now. Nor does he know whether he is still expecting an answer to his question or got one from someone else, or indeed whether he still takes pride in his atheistic ideas. Should he happen to read these lines and want to discuss the answers further, or should he like to pose new question/s, the author will only be too pleased to respond, this time much more promptly. Needless to say, at the end of this work in which the author has presented what he learned from his studies of the Quraan, that there are innumerable possible answers to the purpose built question posed by the person mentioned above, whose name the author does not remember anymore. Considering the size of this book the author presents but a few: 1. God manages the affairs of whatever He has created on sound scientific lines, and there is nothing that can be shown to be unscientific or absurd about what He does. The question is so drafted that it calls for unscientific and absurd actions to be expected of God, and hence is nothing more than a jugglery of words as well as a waste of time that could have been used for some other gainful purpose. Any reader of this book would easily conclude that its not a valid question to deserve an answer. By asking God to create something, are you not joining the group of people like the author, who accept God as a Creator?
2.
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3.
By asking God to create a (new) stone (for you) that He would not be able to lift, are you not assuming the fact that He does have the Power to lift the already existing big boulders, hills, and mountain ranges? These assumptions are undoubtedly big strides forward for someone who proudly claims to be an atheist. God does not have to create or do anything physically. It is also one of the conclusions any reader will arrive at, after he has finished reading this work. When God intends to create anything, He only plans, designs and then mandates the design that incorporates the necessary laws and other terms and conditions under which the thing to be created would exist and function, and then commands that thing to be! And it is! (Refer to verses 2:117; 3:47; 3:59; 6:73; 16:40; 19:35; 36:82; and 40:68. As such, would it be a sensible attitude on the part of someone to expect God to create things according to his specifications? Would it not be a naivety for just naivetys sake?
4.
God created man and made him the supreme and the most intelligent of all His creatures. He created all other things to serve man and then sent down for him guidance, through Prophets, Messengers, Scriptures and Books. God wants man to live in peace and harmony with his fellow men and with all other creatures of His. God wants man to use the intelligence granted to him to think, ponder, search and find out His Signs scattered all around him and make full use of them for living a good and happy life, as well as praise God in recognition of His Favours to him. If man does what God wants him to do, he does so for his own good, for there are rewards for this in this world as well as in the hereafter. If man does not do what God wants him to do, he does so at his own peril, for there is chastisement for that in this world as well as in the hereafter. God is not needy of mans obedience, nor does it make any difference to His Exalted Majesty, Almightiness, Unshared Power, Omnipotence and Omnipresence if man is rebellious to him. After sending down his guidance to all the nations and tribes of men he leaves the decision taking to man, who will, of course, be responsible for the decision he takes and the way he lives in this world, after having received direct or indirect guidance from God. The Quraan not only talks about sciences, technologies and knowledge in general, it guides mankind in every single walk of his life. As such, there have also been revealed verses that are for the atheists to read and ponder over. The author quotes below only a few: 2:9 They wish to deceive God and those who believe in Him, but they only deceive themselves, and realise (it) not. 16:74 So invent no similitude for God, for God knows and you know not. 35:43 Arrogant in the land and plotting evil, But the plotting of evil will encompass only the instigators thereof. Now are they but looking for the way the ancients were dealt with? So no change shall you find in Gods way (of dealing). (Once again), You shall find no change in Gods way (of dealing). 52:35 Were they created out of nothing or are they the creators themselves? 52:35 Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, they have no firm belief. 52:44 And if they were to see a fragment of heaven falling (on them), they will only say: A heap of clouds (and nothing else). 52:45 So leave them alone (O Messenger of God) until they encounter their Day in which they shall be thunderstruck. 52:46 The Day, when their plotting will avail them nothing, nor they shall be helped. 52:47 And surely the evil doers will have chastisement far beyond that, but most of them do not know.
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2. TO THE BLASPHEMERS Although man has no compulsion of any kind on him to accept the guidance sent down by God, to submit to Him or to believe in all His True Attributes, there are some rules of ethics accepted even by those who deny. Just as you are free to drive a vehicle on the road but not to cause inconvenience to other road users, you may be free to have any faith or belief (including atheism) for yourselves, but you may not speak or write against the faiths and beliefs of other people. In simpler words, do not be blasphemous to any group of people in the matter of their faiths, for blasphemy disturbs men of any faith or belief, and it is just natural that you can not live a worry-free and peaceful life if you undertake blasphemy of other peoples Holy Messengers, Books and Faiths. It just does not make sense to commit an offence to someone and then complain and resort to ifs and buts when the party offended reacts. The motives of blasphemous men, may they belong to any group of people, is only one of these two, or may be both: 1. 2. Greed of cheap fame and easy money, or They suffer from a kind of sickness that leaves no respect in their hearts for other peoples feelings and they lose all regard for a peaceful and harmonious society.
People, who do it for the first reason, find pretexts to make their blasphemy look like an innocent mistake or just an accident. They wrap their blasphemy in the garment of a novel, a film or a public address. An example from this class is Salman Rushdis novel The Satanic Verses. But the whole world witnessed how miserable his life became despite the cheap fame and money that he amassed as a result of the authorship of that novel of his. People who commit blasphemy for the second reason are just heartless according to the Quraan, for their hearts are stricken with disease. They also, eventually, reap the fruit of the crop they sow, both in this world and in the hereafter. God clearly points out both groups in the Quraan. The author quotes the relevant Quraanic verses here: 2:10 In their hearts is a disease, and God has increased their disease, and for them is a grievous chastisement for their falsehood. 2:16 These are they who have bartered Guidance for error, but their deal is profitless, and neither are they guided. 2:86 These are they who buy the life of this world at the price of the hereafter, their penalty will not be lightened, nor they shall be helped. 2:27 And believe in what I reveal confirming the revelation which is (already) with you, and be not the first to reject Faith, nor trade My Verses for paltry price; and fear Me and Me alone. 104:1 to 9 (The whole chapter). Woe to every taunting slanderer; who piles up wealth and counts over it again and again; thinking his wealth will last for ever (or make him immortal); No indeed, he will (soon) be plunged into the Crushing One; And How would you know what the Crushing One is? It is Gods kindled Fire; which rages over hearts; it shall be made into a vault over them; in towering outstretched columns. 3. TO THE SKEPTICS AND/OR CRITICS To the skeptics and/or critics of the Quraan who raise doubts over the verses therein every now and again, and/or want some of its verses amended, the author has the message that God has made the Quraanic verses amendment-proof. There is no authority or power on earth that can do that. For those who are wishful of corrupting the Quraan, following is a promise from God, the Author of the Quraanic words:
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17:9 We have, without doubt, sent down the Reminder (the Quraan), and We will, most assuredly, guard it (from any corruption). As for those who think the Quraan can be imitated or changed in any way, God has issued a series of universally open and eternally standing challenges in the following verses: 1. Verses 2:23-24. And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down to our servant, then produce a Sura (chapter) similar to it, if you are truthful. But if you do not do it, and of a surety you would not do it, then fear the Fire whose fuel are men and stones, prepared for the deniers. Verse 10:38. Or do they say he (Muhammad) has forged it? Say: Bring then a Sura like it, and call for help anyone that you can, except God, if you are truthful. Verse 11:13. Or do they say he has forged it? Say: Bring then ten forged surahs like it, and call (for help) anyone that you can, except God, if you are truthful. Verse 17:88. Say: If all of mankind and jinn-folk were to gather together to produce the like of this Quraan, they could not produce it, even if some of them helped the others. Verses 52:33-34. Or do they say he has copied it? Nay! (Really) they do not (want to) believe! Let them then, produce a recital like it, if indeed they are truthful.
2.
3.
4.
5.
These challenges have stood the test of time for fifteen hundred years, and God says it will continue to do so for ever:
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Appendix 6: An Appeal to the Muslim
APPENDIX 6 AN APPEAL TO THE MUSLIM

Lastly, the author has a passionate appeal for the believers and the acceptors of the word of God. A section of the non Muslim world seems to trap the Muslim into accepting the wrongful notion, propagated with a sense of purpose, that the words Muslim and Terrorism are synonymous. It is incumbent on you to refuse to play into the hands of this group and fall in the trap. It is up to you to prove to the world that Islam means peace and Muslim mean one who adheres to peace; while Terrorism means just the opposite and terrorists are the enemies of peace. Thus Islam and terrorism are in fact antonyms of each other. It is also your sacred duty to prove the greatness of your religion, your Prophet (peace be on him), and your Holy book to the world, not by words and lectures but by deeds and actions. Having seen that the Quraan enshrines all knowledge in its totality, it is incumbent upon you to reflect and ponder over the pointers and clues implicitly contained in its verses, if He may grant you the ability to do so. It is no use paying so much respect to it and then not doing justice with its full exploration and not drawing the strength that can be drawn from it. The call to explore its Marvels is contained in the Quraan itself. The author thinks that makes it obligatory on every believer of the Truth of the Quraan to undertake research on all the messages revealed in it. The Holy Book is not only for Guidance in the religious or daily life matters. It is Guidance about Knowledge in its totality. It stresses on modern sciences and technologies as much as it does on matters of daily life and Faith. So let there be colleges, universities and research institutions for the Quraanic studies all over the world, as there are for other conventional areas of study. Soon the world shall once again witness a Quraanic revolution for the betterment of the entire human race regardless of colour, creed or faith. It will be a golden revolution for peace and prosperity of the human race, creating a world environment that will not require weapons for war making, or the atomic deterrents for peace keeping. God started the Quraanic Revelations with a Message concerning Knowledge and the Prophet (peace be on him) asked you to travel even to China, if you have to, in pursuit of Knowledge. The author reminds you of one of the several of the Prophets famous Traditions on Knowledge: Knowledge is the lost property of a believer, so grab it from wherever you find it. So let us present to world the truest picture of Islam, the religion of enlightened and moderate society living in coexistence with all other people of whatever faith. Your Prophet (peace be on him) not only preached this, but demonstrated this by practice . Wa ma alaina illal balaagh. Wal Hamdo Lillahi Rabbil Aalemeen. Wassalaamu ala Khaatemul Anmbia wal Mursaleem.
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Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys References And Bibliography
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE QURAAN, TRANSLATION WITH SHORT COMMENTRY Abdullah Yusuf Ali: The Holy Quraan: Islamic Foundation, Leicester, 1978. Arther Arberry J: The Koran Interpreted, Oxford University Press, London, 1964. Muhammad Marmadke Pickthall: The Meaning of the Glorious Quraan, New York, 1963. Farid Esack: Quran, A Short Introduction (Amazon.com). THE QURAAN, TRANSLATION ONLY Dr Muhammad Mosin Khan and Dr Mhammad Taq-ud-Din Al-Hilali: The Noble Quraan Ahmad and Dina Zidan: Translation of the Glorious Quran: N J Dawood: The Koran: (Penguin Paperback, Amazon.com). Michael Cook: The Koran: Amazon.com EXEGESIS ON THE QURAAN Ibn Abbaas: Tanweer al-Miqyaas Min Tafsir Ibn Abbaas, Darul Maktab Ilmiyah, Beirut, 1943. Ibn al-Jauzee: Zaid al-Mafaasir fi Ilm al-Tafsir, Darul Maktab Islami, Beirut, 1964. Mujahid, Abul Hajjaj: Tafsir Mujajahid, Al-Manshuraat al-Ilmiyah, Beirut, n.d. Allama At-Tabari: Jame al-Bayan,Halabi, Cairo, 1968. Ibn Taymia: Muqaddamah fi Asul al-Tafsir, Darul Quran al-Karim, Kuwait, 1971. Jalaluddin as-Sayuti: Itqaan: Maktab al-Thaqafiyya, Beirut,1973. Ibn Kathir: Tafsir al-Quran al-Azeem, Darrussalam, Riyadh, 2000. Nishapoori: Gharaaeb al-Quraan, Bobbs-Merrie, New York, 1958. Bint al-Shatt: Al-Qurran wa al-Tafsir al-Asri, Dar al-Maarif, Cairo, 1970. Ahmad, Ziauddin: The Science of Quranic Tafsir. A.A.Moudoodi: Tafhim al-Quraan, Maktabah Tameer-i-Insaaniat Lahore. Sayyid Qutb: Fi Zilaal al-Quran, Dar as-Shurooq, Beirut, 1973. Meir Mikhael Bar-Asher: Scriptures and Exegesis in Early Imami Shiism (Amazon.com). Mustafa Jaffer: Tafsir of the Quraan REFERENCE BOOKS Imam Ali Ibn Abi Taalib: Nuhj al-Balaghah (Amazon.com) Jane Dammen: The Encyclopaedia of the Quraan: (Amazon,com). Nasir al-Din Tusi: On God, Destiny and Existents, (Amazon.com). Joseph Silk: The Big Bang, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1980 Stephen W. Hawking: A Brief History of Time. Bantam Press, London, 1988 Paul Davies: Mind of God: The Scientific Basis for a Rational World, Iouchstone, New York, 1993 M. Nelkon and P. Parker: Advanced Level Physics, Heinemann Educational Books Limited, Oxford, 1990 A. F. Abbot: Physics, Fourth Edition, Heinemann Educational Books Limited, London, 1987 ULUM AL-QURAAN Denffer, Ahmad Von: Ulum al-Quraan, |The Islamic Foundation.Leicester, 1994. Qadhi, Abu Ammar Yasir: An Introduction to the Sciences of The Qur'aan, Al-Hidaya Publishing and Distribution Birmingham, 1999. BOOKS Albar, Muhammad Ali, Dr: Human Development as Revealed in the Holy Quran and Hadith, Saudi Publishing & Distributing House Jeddah, 1986. Arey, Leslie: Developmental Anatomy, Saunders Company, 1974.
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Changez, Al-Haj Justice A.R.: Commands of Allah (The Light), Ferozsons Limited Lahore, 1985. Moore, Keith: The Developing Human, Saunders Company, 1982. Moore, Keith: Before We are Born, Saunders Company, 1981. Husaini, S. Waqar Ahmad: The Quran for Astronomy and Earth Exploration from Space, the Islamic Foundation Leicester, 1994. Anees-ud-Deen, Mir: The Universe as Seen through the Quran, Al-Attique Publishers Toronto, 2001. Ibrahim, I.A.: A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam, Darussalam Houston, 1996. Irving, Thomas Ballantine; Ahmad, Khursheed; Ahsan, Muhammad Manazir: The Quraan Basic Teachings, The Islamic Foundation Leicester, 1979. Deedat, Ahmad: Al-Quraan The Miracle of Miracles, I.I.P.H Riyadh, 1967. Maurice Bucaille: The Bible, the Quran and Science (Amazon.com). Harun Yahya: The Creation of the Universe, Al-AttiquePublishers Inc Canada, 2000. S. BashirudDin Mahmood: Doomsday And Life After Death: The Holy Quran Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan, Second Edition, 1991. JOURNALS Medicine Digest, June 1981 Al-Tawhid. Vol. 8, No. 4. 1991. ARTICLES & LECTURES Gary Miller (Lecture): The Amazing Quraan, Abul-Qasim Publishing House Jeddah, 1992. Shanehcshi, Kazim Mudir; translation by Husayn, Mujahid: Some Old Manuscripts of the Holy Quran, Al-Tawhid, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1992. Quran and Modern Science (Q/A): Lecture by Dr. Zakir Naik, Minhaj Digital Library What they say about the Quran: Wemmy Series 2, Mihaj Digital Library A Scientists Interpretation of Reference to Embryology in the Quran: Article by Dr. Keith L. Moore, Journal of the Islamic Medicine, vol. 18, Jan-Jun 1966. Divine Revelation, Human Reason and Science: Article by Ayatullah Jawadi Amuh, Al-Tawhid, vol. 1, No.2. The Miracle of Finality: Article by Myrtyr Ataullah Murtada Mutahhari, www.al-islam...org AUDEO-VISUALS The Miracles of the Quran, 17 parts: Documentary Film based on works of Yahya Haroon Creation of the Universe, 4 parts: Documentary Film based on works of Yahya. The Quran and Modern Science, Video, pnm://mediaserver.hadi.org/video The Quran and Modern Science, video: Dr. Zakir Naik, Minhaj Cyber Video. Q & A session: Sayyid Fadlullah, Video, 2002, Ahl-ul-Bayt DL. Wonders of Islamic Science: Sound Vision Foundation, Video Chicago, 1998. ICAS LONDON, Lectures on Quraanic Studies by Mr. Kazarouni, Videos 1-5, 1999.v`4 Quran Majeed CD: 4 tranlations, 2 Qiraats by Imamain Kaba: www.pakdata.com Aalim, CD: WEBSITES www.islamicbookclub.com www.al-islam,org www.ummah,org.uk www.amazon.com www.wings.buffalo.edu www.islamic-foundatio,.org.uk
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DIGITAL LIBRARARIES Ahl-ul-Bayt Digital Library: www.al-islam.org Minhaj Digital Library: www.minhaj.net.htm Jame Malik Faisal Digital Library: www.kfu.edu.sa/library Islam, Digital Library online: www.academicinfo.net
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MODERN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, THE QURAAN HOLDS THE KEYS

ISLAM NABI JAFRI CPhys;MInstP

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Dedications

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Acknowledgements

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Contents

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Contents

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Contents

Chapter 36: Thr Quraan Suggests Fields of Research the Scientists

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Contents

Appendix 2: God, HIS Angels, Messengers and Books ..189

Appendix 3: The Teachings and Traditions of Prophet Muhammad

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Foreword

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Foreword

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Introduction

Modern Scientific Research, The Quraan Holds the Keys Introduction

PART ONE ABOUT THE QURAAN

PART ONE: SECTION ONE THE EXPLICIT VERSES

CHAPTER TWO EXAMPLES OF THE EXPLICIT VERSES-I SUB-GROUPS 1-4.

CHAPTER 3 EXAMPLES OF THE EXPLICIT VERSES-II SUB-GROUPS 5-7

CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURE AND FARMING

CHAPTER 5 ASTRONOMY, ASTROLOGY AND COSMOLOGY

CHAPTER 6 BOTANY AND HORTICULTURE

CHAPTER 8 COMPUTER SCIENCE

CHAPTER 9 EMBRYOLOGY AND HUMAN BIOLOGY

CHAPTER 10 GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY

HEAT ENERGY: LIGHT ENERGY:

CHAPTER 14 PHYSICS - 2 CLASSICAL PHYSICS-1

77:30 "Depart to the shadow of smoke falling in three-fold";

CHAPTER 16 PSYCHOLOGY (HUMAN)

PART ONE, SECTION THREE THE IMPLICIT VERSES OF QURAAN

CHAPTER 18 EXAMPLES OF THE IMPLICIT VERSES-I

The sun rises in the East, so East is on my left!

The sun rises in the East, so East is on my right!

CHAPTER 19 EXAMPLES OF THE IMPLICIT VERSES-II

PART TWO MODERN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH THE SCIENTIST VS THE QURAAN

PART TWO, SECTION ONE MANS FINDINGS ON CREATION

CHAPTER 20 A SURVEY OF RESEARCHES ON CREATION EARLY AND MIDIEVAL ERAS

981-1037 1028-1087 1044-1123

1099-1166 1128-1198 1156-1204

CHAPTER 22 PRELUDE TO THE BIG BANG

Term Used deca hecto kilo mega giga tera

10-12 10-15 10-18

CHAPTER 23 THE BIG BANG AND AFTER, THE SCIENTISTS ACCOUNT

Mountains Reptiles Dinosaurs, Continental Drift First Mammals Homo Sapiens

CHAPTER 24 THE SCIENTISTS FINAL MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE

CHAPTER 25 THE QURAANS BIG BANG ACCOUNT OF CREATION-I

CHAPTER 26 THE QURAANS BIG BANG ACCOUNT OF CREATION-II

10.3 billion years

Second period of time

Six periods of time

PART TWO: SECTION TWO

Fig. 1: Mans Expanding Isometric Model of the Universe

The First sky

Fig. 2: The Quraans Modification Of Mans Model

Fig. 3: Model of the heavenly universe as revealed in the Quraan

The Big Bang

Age of the Universe Contents of the Universe

At least Fifteen billion years.

Properties of the Universe

Isotropic and perpetually expanding

Possible duration of the Universe

Not exactly known. Any bodys guess.

End of the Universe Manner of the Universes End