Gold As Investment

Jos Berkemeijer AAG Johan de Witt lecture , AG-AI June 19, 2012
6/20/2012
Source: Tjeert Mensinga golden sky
GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved
Opening: Overture I
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Opening: Overture II (Adagio)
Salt
is essential for life you cannot live without it.
Salt has been important to humanity for life on this planet. The word "salary" comes from sal, or salt, which was part of the pay of Roman soldiers.
African and European explorers traded an ounce of salt for an ounce of gold salt was literally worth its weight in gold.
Salt is important to many biological processes, but too much salt can hurt you, but the same can be said of most things even oxygen and water.
H0: Gold in our asset mix is like salt in our food

Q:Do you eat saltless?
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Agenda
Economic Perspective Financial Institutions Increasing Risk Risk Perception & Manipulation Linear Thinking In Between Conclusion Gold as Asset Class Change to Gold New Solutions Conclusion
It takes a 40 meters runway to make a 9 meter long jump.
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Economic Perspective Financial Institutions Financial Sustainability at stake

The financial sustainability of financial institutions is at stake To ensure their obligations, financial institutions have to optimize Risk Return and diversify their portfolio Worldwide, pension fund funding ratios (assets/liabilities) fall short Insurers, banks and pension funds all have to face more volatile markets, lower interest rates and more systemic risk All financial Institutions have to meet higher regulation standards to withstand the future economic climate and developments More diversification power and less counterparty risk are key issues in reducing future risk
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Economic Perspective Financial Institutions Economic and Pensions Status Quo

Economic SQ - 2007: subprime crisis - 2007-2008: from housing crisis to banking crisis - 2009-2011: from bank crisis to country crisis - 2011-2012: from country crisis to world Crisis - Declining confidence, negative economic outlook - Future Euro and Dollar is under discussion Pensions SQ - Increasing attention to governance and compliance - Considerable uncertainty main asset classes (fixed income, equities) - Low interest rates, rising inflation, risk of hyperinflation - Increasing reserve and coverage gaps: no serious signs of recovery - Risk-free discount rate fluctuates and is under discussion - Limited ability to recover from premium, discounts threaten - No clear regulatory framework surrounding Pension Agreement - No clear vision or approach on 'ancient pension rights - Historical proven linear based models fall short in modeling the new economy - To what extent are models based upon historical data also future proof?
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Economic Perspective Financial Institutions Market Outlook & Key Questions

Market Outlook 2012 and Further Prolonged period of continuing uncertainty with low economic growth Increasing volatility and covariance of all major asset classes (equities, bonds) Besides Performance Risk, other risks demand attention: Economic Risk, Principal Risk, Credit Risk, Collateral Risk, Collateral Margin Call Risk, Country Default Risk, Currency Risk, Euro-Risk, Longevity Risk, Cost Risk, etc. Continuously changing regulatory requirements with still uncertain effects: EMIR, Mifid2, Cost Transparency, FTK1/2, AIFMD, etc. Risk-free interest rate curve based on the adjusted EUR swap curve varies strongly over time. Free lunches: There appear to be no more "safe havens. Return = Risk Key Questions 1. Is the actual asset mix is still 'in line' with the defined risk appetite? 2. Does the actual asset mix still guarantee the required diversity? 3. Can investing in gold contribute to a sustainable risk return profile and an improved diversity?
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Increasing Risk Global Pension Asset/Liability Development

Asset/Liability Indicator (Global Basis)
L A A/L
Source: Towers Watson
Conclusions Global pension fund balance sheets worsened during 1998-2011, losing 25.4% in the A/L indicator A/L Indictor lost 4.3% in 2011 The growth in liabilities exceeds by far the growth in assets
Source: Rubbaniy
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Increasing Risk Return and Risk Outlook

Return Climate Outlook Low Interest Rates High Risk Stocks Increasing Volatility
Advice Commission Parameters Fixed Income : 4.5% Listed Stocks: 7.0% Other Stocks & real Estate: 7.5%
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Increasing Risk DNB Dutch Pension Funds Investigation
1. Conclusion DNB Actual performance 2000-2010 is 0.2% better than own defined benchmark 2. Other Conclusions Compound average performance (4.2%) equals arithmetic average performance Average performance (4.2%) < 10Y Eurobonds performance Theres no pay out on risk!!! Source: DNB
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Increasing Risk EU Government Bonds
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Increasing Risk EU Country Default Risk
Rfr= risk free rate
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Increasing Risk European Stability Mechanism (ESM) Treaty
ESM may demand an unlimited amount of money from European countries ESM is not accountable for what happens to the money ESM has the power to reduce private customer savings There are no compliance or control measures defined ESM has no targets, cost-limitation and enjoys complete immunity.
Line 2012 IF (SPAIN==FALSE) THEN {EUROPE=DEFAULT} ; END

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Increasing Risk Longevity Risk Outlook
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Increasing Risk Pension Fund Confidence Level Risk
Discussion 1. A real pension objective puts the nominal pension at risk
2. How sure is your pension?

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Increasing Risk Realistic Pension Perspectives?
Basel III Solvency II
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Risk Perception & Manipulation New Insights

Definition of Risk-levels by United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during the Iraq war (2002):
What we know Known Knowns There are known knowns; there are things we know that we know Known Unknowns There are known unknowns; that is to say, there are things that we now know we dont know Unknown Unknowns But there are also unknown unknowns; there are things we do not know we dont know."
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Risk Perception & Manipulation Intermezzo: The Actuary as Risk Manager I
Actuary Anno 1100 A.D.

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Actuary Anno 2012 A.D.

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Risk Perception & Manipulation Intermezzo: The Actuary as Risk Manager II Where are we today?
Actuary Anno 2012

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Risk Perception & Manipulation We overestimate our Mathematical abilities
30 1 2
37 7 8
42 13 15
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Risk Perception & Manipulation Artificial Discussable Market & Liability Value
Market Value Manipulation Artificial FED & ECB rates: 0-1% Consequences: 1. 2. 3. Minimalized T. Bond rates Pushed Stock Markets Push backed Inflation
Discussion 1. Market Value is artificial and a pension fund killer 2. 5-10Y Average Market Value Control is more adequate 3. Liability Risk Premium?
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Risk Perception & Manipulation Herd Behavior

Conclusions Research "Herd behavior and trading of Dutch pension funds" by Rubbaniy et Al. (2011):
Robust herding behavior in investments of Dutch pension funds Overall (LSV) herding level of 8.14% (significant at 1% level !!)
Possible explanations 1. Big Brother Hedge (imitation of large pension funds) 2. Outsourcing: Strategy and Asset management to the same large and reputed asset management firms 3. First Mover Risk
Source: Rubbaniy
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Risk Perception & Manipulation Supervisory Compliant Risk
STRONG REGULATION
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HIGH SUPERVISORY COMPLIANCE RISK

23
Risk Perception & Manipulation Regulation, Part of Risk Management
DYNAMIC REGULATION
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REGULATION BECOMES PART OF RISK MANAGEMENT

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Risk Perception & Manipulation Mean Variance Modeling in Time
Conclusion Mean Variance Models lose power
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Linear Thinking We all think Linear
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Linear Thinking Examples

Linear mechanisms in life On a short time scale things don't change much The best estimate for tomorrow is today Results are a (linear) combination of events in the past Every event now, must have a cause Signs of (dangerous) linear thinking Mean Reversion Risk = Volatility = =Standard Deviation; Volatility () is more or less constant in time If a distribution is complex, a normal distribution nevertheless will do fine Results of the past are an adequate estimator for the future Mean reversion: Returns continue to go back to an average value over time Increasing volatility is a good predictor of an upcoming financial crisis Tail risks are not really interesting or can't be modeled anyway
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Risk Perception & Manipulation Risk = Standard Deviation Fallacy
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Risk Perception & Manipulation Standard Deviation: a Poor Measure of Risk
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Linear Thinking Linear Models, Why they are Limited

Observations Financial Crises show increasing Covariance between asset classes Theres a lack of diversifying power in the asset mix Shortfall of explaining power of linear based ALM Models Linear Model Crisis Traditional linear ALM models fail in the current market situation (Crisis) Artificial Interest Rates and Market (Value) There are no risk free assets: A Risk Free Interest Rate is an illusion No Witz: Markowitzs Modern Portfolio Theory falls short Mean reversion, Normality, Unstable asset class correlation, . Harry Markowitz Asset Classes change in risk profile: E.G. Government Bonds Dynamic Regulation influences investment strategy and tactics Government Politics influence: QE-inflated unstable future stock markets
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Linear Thinking Lets be Fair
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In Between Conclusion Way out: explore new ways and change system
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Gold as Asset Class All the Gold in the World
All the above-ground gold in the world (start 2012): Weight: 165,000 metric tons (165 million KG) Volume: Fits in a 20m x 20m x 20m Cube Value: Roughly $9 trillion Yearly production: 2500 metric ton (2,5 million KG)
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Gold as Asset Class Often mentioned disadvantages

Gold has no (direct) return Gold price is volatile Vaulting Gold is expensive Its only a small gold market The actual price of gold is already high Gold is a bubble Gold is risky and only a short term solution You cant eat gold Gold is solidified fear sweat (Dutch: gestold angstzweet) Buying gold is investing in Armageddon Gold gets dug out of the ground, then we melt it down, dig another hole, bury it again and pay people to stand around guarding.
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Gold as Asset Class Gold Price & US Debt
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Gold as Asset Class Long Term Inflation Hedge

Gold is no short, but certainly a long inflation hedge
Nominal gold price (yellow) CPI 1 (red line) is calibrated for gold price at the beginning of the period. CPI 2 (green line) is calibrated for gold price at present.
Bron: The Gold Report (2009) & WGC: Gold as an asset class (2011)
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Gold as Asset Class Real Interest Hedge

Negative real interest rate = price of gold increases Positive real interest rate = flat gold price
Source: USfunds (2011)

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Gold as Asset Class FEDs Gold Backing: The End of FIAT Money?
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Gold as Asset Class Gold as a strategic asset (Price, Inflation, CI)
Chart 1
Gold price increases substantially in crisis scenarios
Chart 2
Gold as an Euro inflation hedge
Chart 3 Performance of gold relative to the DJUBS Commodity Index

Source: WGC (Dec 2011): Gold as a strategic asset for European investors
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Gold as Asset Class Gold as a strategic asset, Low Correlation
The main reason why gold adds significant diversifying power is its low or negative correlation with most other assets in an optimized portfolio context. We use Conservative return premium assumptions consistent with available long-term data and the presumed role of gold as an inflation-hedge. The more conservative the assumptions the more likely any significant findings may be reliable for long-term investing.
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Gold as Asset Class Golds correlation with other Commodities
Gold is an exceptional commodity and behaves not like other commodities Gold is the only monetary metal. Silver follows at a distance
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Gold as Asset Class Gold as diversifier: WGC Research

Objective: Examine the case for gold as a diversifying asset in the context of a common currency European institutional strategic asset allocation. Source: Empirical data from January 1986 through 2010 and more recent data. Assumptions: Conservative return premium assumptions that include : assuming that gold and commodities had zero real returns. Method: Michaud optimization, an extension of Markowitz MV optimization Results gold has a strategic diversifying role roughly comparable to risky assets such as small cap and emerging markets over the long-term. A relatively small allocation to gold appears to add useful and likely significant diversification benefits for low to moderate strategic risk levels. An allocation of 1%-3% at low to moderate-risk levels may be appropriate for many strategic institutional euro area portfolios. For high-risk portfolios some limited evidence for gold is available from our results.
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Gold as Asset Class Golds Diversification Power I

Gold has a very limited correlation with other asset classes. Small gold allocations in the asset mix already improve the Risk-Return of a portfolio?
Source: BlackRock, as of 5/31/10. No Gold portfolio has the following allocation: 35% US Large Cap, 5% US Small Cap, 20% International Equities and 40% US Fixed Income. For the 5% gold, 10% gold and 20% gold portfolios, gold was given those weights respectively and the remaining portfolio allocations were rescaled. Portfolios were assumed to have been rebalanced monthly. US Large Cap: Russell 1000 Index; US Small Cap: Russell 2000 Index; International Equities: MSCI All Country World Index ex US; US Fixed Income: Barclays Capital US Aggregate Bond Index; Gold: COMEX Gold Spot Price.
Source: The Special Case for Gold (2010)
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Gold as Asset Class Golds Diversification Power II

The diversification power of physical gold, the low downside volatility and excellent long term returns, are making gold an interesting De-Risk and ReValuation tool in the ALM approach
Source: Striking Portfolio Balance with Gold Stocks

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Gold as Asset Class Risk Return and Downside Volatility

Gold: The Best downside volatility and excellent Risk Return Ratio Gold has a high long-term volatility, however, gold has the best downside volatility (Sortino Ratio) Bron: Precious Metals (2011) Gold has an excellent Risk Return Ratio (Sharpe Ratio)
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Gold as Asset Class Other Financial Properties of Gold I

Gold as Collateral
Declining confidence in the financial markets reduces the amount of triple-A securities, used as an investment and as collateral. Institutional investors, like pension funds, are forced to look for safe investments and cash collateral of high quality. Large clearinghouses mark Gold as AAA collateral.
Source: WGC:Gold as a source of collateral (May, 2011)
Gold as liquidity
Gold is the most liquid financial product during crises to cover derivative positions, and is 24h a day traded (Comex New York, LBMA in London, Switzerland, 24 hours electronically through Globex, PAGE in Hong Kong )
Physical gold is portable

Physical gold is tangible, portable and transportable and a recognized as international monetary exchange.
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Gold as Asset Class Other Financial Properties of Gold II

Gold as a store of value
Gold as a store of value, in comparison to the value stored in government bonds from 1980, shows great potential. Value of gold is easy to establish good and gold is physically divisible. Since 1911 governments didnt held as little gold held as they do now.
Gold has no counterparty risk?

Gold is an insurance against unexpected shocks in every asset class, because it is the only financial product that has no counterparty risk
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Gold as Asset Class Other Financial Properties of Gold III

Gold as Currency Protector
By default or devaluation of currencies, Gold offers adequate value protection In contrast to currency or other types of investment, the value of Gold never falls to zero Gold is a currency that is not supported by debt as opposed to other fiat or "paper money" currencies. Gold is Basel III Tier 1 candidate, alongside 'sovereign bonds, cash or central bank reserves. Gold still represents the ultimate form of payment in the world. Fiat money, in extremis, is accepted by nobody. Gold is ALWAYS accepted. Alan Greenspan, Chairman Federal Reserve, US Congress 1999
Source: Superfund Gold
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Gold as Asset Class Gold as Tail Risk Protector , VaR Reduction

Gold, in both good and bad times, is essential (for institutional investors) in stabilizing the return of an existing asset-mix By adding gold for a limited part(3-9%) in the existing optimal asset mix , the Value at Risk can be "substantially reduced This property of gold in the portfolio is important for example for a possible devaluation of a real estate portfolio (mark-to-market), haircuts on the bond portfolio and plummeting stock markets.
Source: WGC: Gold as an asset class (2011) & WCC:Gold: Hedging against tail risk (2010, oktober)
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Gold as Asset Class Gold as Tail Risk Protector , Crisis Resistance I

A limited asset allocation of 5.5% in euro gold offers investors a substantial outperformance and protection in times of crisis
Source: WGC: WGC: Gold: alternative investment, foundation asset

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Gold as Asset Class Gold as Tail Risk Protector , Crisis Resistance II

Especially in uncertain times, gold can increase in value. In crises of various kinds, the stock market often takes losses at once, while at the same time the development of the gold price is often positive. As an example, the monthly losses of shares (MSCI World Index) and the development of the price of gold in the same month at various times of crisis.
In the absence of the gold standard, there is no way to protect savings from confiscation through inflation. There is no safe store of value. Deficit spending is simply a scheme for the confiscation of wealth. Gold stands in the way of this insidious process. It stands as a protector of property rights.
Alan Greenspan 2011

Source: Superfund Gold
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Gold as Asset Class Vision: Prof. Dr. Ruud Kleynen, April 2011
4. Gold: what to say about that

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
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It looks like gold performed best over the analyzed period Only gold finally was able to meet required return levels based on indexing ambitions Traditional stock markets did not do such a good job Gold could be seen as a safe haven in periods of economic distress Long term expectations for gold look interesting Should the traditional construction of portfolios be reconsidered?
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Gold as Asset Class Vision: Ir Dennis van Ek AAG, CFA , May 2012
Summary Article Investing in Gold (Kluwer) 1. Gold is an asset class, no sub-asset class or subset of commodities 2. Gold offers purchasing power protection (scarcity, value quality, worldwide) 3. Gold is the basis of our monetary system 4. Central banks keep gold, no commodities 5. Optimal gold allocation in a portfolio: 5-10% 6. In times of crisis: allocation >10% 7. Long term better 'performance with gold in a portfolio: + 0.15% (equal risk)
DNB Annual Report 2010 In times of financial crisis, DNBs physical stock of gold serves as an ultimate reserve asset and as an anchor of trust. Gold is also held for diversification reasons.
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Gold as Asset Class Vision: GSCG, April 2011
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Gold as Asset Class Status Quo Asset Mix I

Current asset mix Dutch pension Funds After the WW-II it was still forbidden by law to invest in equities Since 1980 pension funds have increasingly invested in , As from 2000, derivatives are increasingly deployed (Risk Mitigation) Today, the asset mix mainly consists of: Bonds, Equity, Real Estate, Commodities and derivatives. Commodities (2011: 0.3%) are usually allocated in ETFs, Futures and Options, as physical allocation entails higher costs.
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Gold as Asset Class Status Quo Asset Mix II

Gold in the asset mix Gold is usually seen as a commodity Dutch pension funds invest only very limited in gold-related financial instruments (including shares) and almost not in physical gold. Globally (pension assets $ 31.1 trillion) pension funds average invested 0.15% in gold and another 0.15% in gold-related products The pension funds that invest in gold do so mainly as a hedge against inflation. Inflation may also (partly) be covered with Inflation Linked Bonds (ILBs)
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Change to Gold The Main Issue

FOCUS
Pension Journal for the ground crew of KLM, December 10, 2011
Is it an idea to invest in gold? The investment committee could suggest that, but in practice this has not happened yet.
Nico van Wieringen, Controller Participations at KLM, in conversation with the Chairman of the Participants Council: Frans Reder.
Source:Focus
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Change to Gold The Challenge

Gold Ignorance Due to conventional regulations, a profound lack of awareness, support and knowledge, only a limited number (2) of Dutch pension funds invest in physical gold Research shows financial institutions mainly consider gold as an ordinary zero return commodity, are unaware of the unique (financial) properties of gold, however are interested in discussing physical gold investments, but mainly fear first mover risk Pension fund advisors and asset managers have no or only a limited and passive interest in advising or managing physical gold Theres a lack of qualified information about gold. Gold is not an active subject in the education of investment professionals (e.g. VBA) Gold Challenge Balanced investment in physical gold reinforces diversification and long term inflation protected return without counterparty risk and therefore contributes to the sustainability of financial institutions Source:Focus
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Change to Gold Psychological Arguments against Gold I

Lack of Strategy Vision How will the Regulator react when we invest in gold Big Brother Hedge If other pension funds dont invest in gold, why should we? First Mover Risk Gold is interesting, but we dont have enough experience Strongly Delegated Investment Strategy Our investing consultant and/or asset manager doesnt advice gold Conservative/Narrow Investment Control & Judgment Procedures We cant see gold as a sustainable asset class. If gold wouldnt perform well according target for a longer (>1Y) period, we would exit on gold.
Gold as an asset mix 'stabilizer More important than the individual properties of gold, is the overall effect of gold when it is added in the right limited proportion in the meal of the asset mix.
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Change to Gold Psychological Arguments against Gold II

Knowledge Aspects Is this the right timing? Gold is sky high Gold has no return Whats the long term return on Gold? Gold is simply a Commodity, nothing special I see gold as an Insurance, tactical (arbitrage) play, but Asset Class?
Excuses Our pension fund is very busy. We just did our ALM study, well look at gold the next time (2015) Our ALM study is already so complicated..
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Change to Gold Outcome Field Research 2011-2012 (I)

Pension Funds, administrators and Actuarial Consultants are open to discussions & information on Gold as asset class Pension funds are interested but too busy (pension cuts, new pension agreement, mergers, recovery plans, etc.) to act on gold right now Pension Funds (generally) will not act on gold without a positive advice of their Investment consultant and Asset manager Pension funds dare not to act, because of Peer Risk and Major Pension Fundhedging (first mover risk and keeping score ahead of the top-3 Dutch pension funds) Regulators (DNB, AFM) are very cautious and point at the risks involved with an investment in gold. Any investments in gold need to be well and upfront underpinned. Gold as collateral, Tier 1 and Clearing asset seems to become very important. In the fuzz of daily business only a limited number of pension funds seem to be aware of this
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Change to Gold Outcome Field Research 2011-2012 (II)

Asset Managers often dont view gold as an asset class and will not advice it without an explicit request Asset Managers are quite often unfamiliar with physical gold and advice alternatives (commodities, ETFs, Shares, etc.) Pension funds are limited in allocating gold in case of a 100% mandate (without any own room to maneuver) with their fiduciary manager. Gold is not part of the ALM or stress scenarios Investment consultants dont actively advice or recommend gold and are extremely reticent with gold Main Investment Consultants often operate on basis of linear ALM software, supplemented with some special extreme scenarios. Investment Consultants instead of pension boards or pension board advice committees, lead the discussion on the scenarios that will apply in ALM studies. The Pension Boards Risk view is developed while running and discussing the outcome of the ALM scenarios, rather than an upfront vision of the board or including (nonlinear) economic scenario discussions.
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Change to Gold Consultancy Dependency, Example

Classic Investment Consulting Approach Dialog
PB: IC: PB: IC: Can you advise us on our ALM? Sure.., tell me your Strategic Goal & Risk Appetite? Hmm, Can you help us on that too? Of course, thats what we are for! Well be back in a week
IC: Here were back with more than 15,000 economic scenarios! PB: Impressing! Whats in it for Return and Volatility? IC: Its all in there, a mix of historical returns, asset mixes, horizons, crises, whatever you can think of. All designed by our experts! PB: Wow!! Looks great But whats that blue line over there? IC: Thats one of the more unlucky crisis scenarios PB: We dont like that one, Its outside our Risk Appetite IC: O.K., well hedge that scenario away.. Further we can minimize downside risks with derivatives. PB: And whats the strategic asset mix? IC: Its all dynamic and risk based, you dont have to care about your mix, our strategic scenario-generator takes care of that. It operates like an autopilot on your Strategic Asset Mix. PB: O.K. Thanks a lot. How to set up an investment mandate on this? IC: Dont worry, well define a dynamic investment mandate for your asset manager. PB: And what about reporting? IC: No problem, well take part in your Investment Advisory Committee (IAC) and pre-comment on every AM-report. PB: We all agree on all your proposals. Thanks for helping us OUT!!
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Conclusions Pension board Training Economic Skills Define your own Strategy and Risk Appetite
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Change to Gold The canary in the Gold Mine
Japanese pension fund switches to gold May 16, 2012

By Ben McLannahan in Tokyo Okayama Metal & Machinery has become the first Japanese pension fund to make public purchases of gold, in a sign of dwindling faith in paper currencies. Initially, the fund aims to keep about 1.5 % of its total assets of Y40bn ($500m) in bullion-backed exchange traded funds, according to chief investment officer Yoshisuke Kiguchi, who said he was diversifying into gold to escape sovereign risk.
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New Solutions Headlines of a Nonlinear ALM approach

Using insights of nonlinear dynamic economics ALM no longer based on sole Mean reversion Expectations of economic variables, linked to evolutionary dynamics. Thus, limited rational investors and properties of herd behavior and excessive optimism or pessimism can be modeled Modeling of monetary policy of a central Bank Extreme uncertainty in the valuation of liabilities by the regulator can be modeled The impact of change in future laws and regulations as EMIR, Basel III and DoddFrank on the need for liquidity in investment portfolios, and Solvency II on the minimum funding requirements, can be modeled Time-varying risk premiums on asset categories and covariance between asset classes are integrated Specific once in a lifetime economic events can be modeled Specific relationships between asset classes and economic development can be simulated and analyzed
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New Solutions Examples of other New Semi Nonlinear Models
Discussion Should we, actuaries, become more active on the asset side of the balance sheet
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New Solutions Think Backward

Discussion To get out of this crisis we need actuaries who are able to think different.
Actuaries that can not only analyze numbers , but are able to explain how risks and goals can be achieved.
The ability to think backward is essential in this process.
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Conclusion Final Conclusions

Limited addition of gold as an asset class in the asset mix: increases the strength of a diversified portfolio reduces the downside risk of a portfolio improves long-term returns of a portfolio As part of the asset mix Gold offers adequate protection against: Economic, Crisis and VaR risk Value fall of other asset classes and international currency Long-term inflation and negative real interest rates Gold has a number of important characteristics : Excellent Collateral (AAA); No counterparty risk Liquid Transparent pricing; International currency Best downward volatility protection of all asset classes Gold should be included in the asset mix. Gold is relevant for creating a sustainable pension investment return. To get there we need to spread knowledge and develop new insights.
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Contact, Information GSCG
Jos Berkemeijer : Start-Up Director at GSCG Market Intelligence T: +31 646 12 06 60 E: jos.berkemeijer@gmail.com
Martijn van Eck: Program Manager a.i. at GSCG Market Intelligence T: +31 652 56 87 75 E: vaneck@gscg.nl
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Reader Links to Documents

Main Documents
1. 2. 3. 4. Presentatie prof. Dr. Ruud Kleynen (april 2011) congres Visie op Goud WGC:Gold as a strategic asset for European investors (2011, December) The Special Case for Gold (2010) Precious Metals (2011, November)
Specific documents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. WCC: Gold: Hedging against tail risk (2010, October) WGC: Gold as a source of collateral (2011, May) WGC: Gold as a Strategic Asset (2006) Safehaven: Going Back to a Gold Standard? (2010) WGC: Gold: alternative investment, foundation asset (2011) WGC: Gold as an asset class (2011, January) WGC: Liquidity in the global gold market (2010)
Internet publications
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Striking Portfolio Balance with Gold Stocks (2011, December) Adding Gold To An Equity Portfolio (2011, October) The role of gold in your investment portfolio (2009) Gold, Silver and Pension Funds Portfolio Diversification Myths (2011, July) USfunds (2011)
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Reader Titles Relevant Books

Studies role of gold in a portfolio
Thomas M. Idzorek, Portfolio Diversification with Gold, Silver and Platinum Further, Hillier et al, Do Precious Metals Shine: An Investment Perspective Jedrzej P. Bialkowski, Martin T. Bohly, Patrick M. Stephan and Tomasz P. Wisniewski, Is There a Speculative Bubble in the Price of Gold? Dirk G. Baur and Brian M. Lucey, Is Gold a Hedge or a Safe Haven? An Analysis of Stocks, Bonds and Gold Dirk G. Baur and Thomas K. McDermott, Is Gold a Safe Haven? International Evidence James Ross McCown and John R. Zimmerman, Is Gold a Zero-Beta Asset? Analysis of the Investment Potential of Precious Metals Massimiliano Marzo and Paolo Zagaglia, Gold and the U.S. Dollar: Tales from the Turmoil World Gold Council, Gold as a Source of Collateral World Gold Council, "Gold: Hedging against tail risk"
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Gold As Investment

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Jos Berkemeijer AAG Johan de Witt lecture , AG-AI June 19, 2012

Source: Tjeert Mensinga golden sky

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Opening: Overture II (Adagio)

is essential for life you cannot live without it.

H0: Gold in our asset mix is like salt in our food

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

It takes a 40 meters runway to make a 9 meter long jump.

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Economic Perspective Financial Institutions Financial Sustainability at stake

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Economic Perspective Financial Institutions Economic and Pensions Status Quo

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Economic Perspective Financial Institutions Market Outlook & Key Questions

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk Global Pension Asset/Liability Development

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk Return and Risk Outlook

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk DNB Dutch Pension Funds Investigation

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk EU Government Bonds

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk EU Country Default Risk

Rfr= risk free rate

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk European Stability Mechanism (ESM) Treaty

Line 2012 IF (SPAIN==FALSE) THEN {EUROPE=DEFAULT} ; END

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk Longevity Risk Outlook

GSCG Market Intelligence All Rights Reserved

Increasing Risk Pension Fund Confidence Level Risk

Discussion 1. A real pension objective puts the nominal pension at risk

2. How sure is your pension?

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Increasing Risk Realistic Pension Perspectives?

Basel III Solvency II

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Risk Perception & Manipulation New Insights

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Risk Perception & Manipulation Intermezzo: The Actuary as Risk Manager I

Actuary Anno 1100 A.D.

Actuary Anno 2012 A.D.

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Actuary Anno 2012

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Risk Perception & Manipulation We overestimate our Mathematical abilities

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Risk Perception & Manipulation Herd Behavior

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Risk Perception & Manipulation Supervisory Compliant Risk

HIGH SUPERVISORY COMPLIANCE RISK

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Risk Perception & Manipulation Regulation, Part of Risk Management

REGULATION BECOMES PART OF RISK MANAGEMENT

Risk Perception & Manipulation Mean Variance Modeling in Time

Conclusion Mean Variance Models lose power

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Linear Thinking We all think Linear

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Linear Thinking Examples