PROPOSAL THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE TOWARDS STUDENTS VOCABULARY LEARNING RESULT AT THE THIRD GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH

SCHOOL 25 JAMBI.

RIKA PURNAMA SARI 090401 BI VI C

TARBIYAH FACULTY INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES SULTAN THAHA SYAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2012

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND Education is very important in our life for human resources, education is guide process that done by educators to student in understand and expressly condition to get education. Education will be found in formal and non formal, education in school is formal education, it is mean school doing of activity planning and organizing, include acticity in teaching learning process at the class, and teacher is one important person in school. Beside teaching and educating, teacher must also know how to educate the students. The activities in teaching and learning process, teachers and students should use the language properly and correctly. Especiallya teacher, must deliver material simple language to be easily understood by students, so the atmosphere of learning to be comfortable and effective, because a language as tools of comunications is very important in the daily life. A language is commonly used by people to express idea with a language we can communicate with others. As tool of comunications language cannot get away from the individually activities in many aspect of life. In its development, language as means of communication has many changes. The changes of language have variations. Some of widely spoken and some gradually abandoned by the speaker, eventually vanish completely. Language is a tool for communication, because without language we cant interactions one each

others. Functions of language conducted with two kinds activity human, they are speaking and listening. Educations gives the chance and experience in finding information process, solve the problem, and make a decision, in their life. By learning process that centered on student, the role of teacher has changed from teacher to the facilitator. As fasillitator, good teacher has to provide the student opportunity to able to mention vocabulary through picture media as learning of facilitation. To achieve the quality of education,a qualified teacher who has the ability in teaching, because in affect the learning result. Learning result is the ability of individuals obtained after the learning process takes place, which can provide good behavioral changes of knowledge, understanding, attitudes and skills that students are better than ever. As mentioned Hamalik (1995:48) learning result are "subject to change behavior that includes cognitive, affective and psychomotor in certain situations thanks to his experience over and over again." Opinion was supported by Sudjana (2005:3) "learning result are behavioral changes that include the areas of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor owned by the students after receiving their learning experience." In this research, the writer choose picture media teach vocabulary at the third grade students in junior high school 25 Jambi. The media is "everything that can be a tool of information and communications, facilities and infrastructure, facilities, support, liaison, dealers." (YudiMunadi, 2008:5)

The using picture media at the third grade students in junior high school 25 Jambi hope can to improve student vocabulary. The writer choose of this picture media because the writer thinks is suitable for use in teaching vocabulary to students. By knowing a lot of vocabulary, students will master the English language better. Because of Vocabulary is the total number of words in a language. It is also a collection of words a person knows and uses in speaking and writing. Vocabularyor is the sum of all the vocabulary words in a language also the ability of words known and used by some one in speaking and writing. On the other side, based on the first interview with teacher at english junior high school 25 Jambi. The writer found that teachers have not been optimal in learning, one of which teachers do not use good media, the picture media and other media as a means of learning to improve student learning result. Therefore, based on the explanation above the writer tries to aplly picture in teaching vocabulary and want to know whether there is significant difference on students vocabulary learning result between using picture and whithout using pictured. So this research entitled: THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE TOWARDS STUDENTS VOCABULARY LEARNING RESULT AT THE THIRD GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI.

B. The Formulation of Problem Based on the background elaborated above the writer has identified some problem namely: 1. What the score of students vocabulary learning result using picture at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi? 2. What the score of students vocabulary learning result not using picture at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi? 3. Is there significant effect of picture towords students vocabulary learning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi?

C. Limitation of Problem Based on the background elaborated above the writer has: 1. The result is limited on the use picture in vocabulary about schools of equipment, rooms, professions. 2. The research will be focused at the third grade at junior high school 25 Jambi. 3. Learning result includes be focus at kognitif aspect.

D. The Purpose and Advantages of Research 1. The Purpose of Research a. To know the score of students vocabulary learning result using picture at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.

b. To know the score of students vocabulary learning result not using picture at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi. c. To know the significant effect of picture to students vocabulary learning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi. 2. The Advantages of Research a. To give description to english teacher about the effect of using picture towards students vocabulary learning result at the junior high of school 25 Jambi. b. As a requirement to get under graduate title in tarbiyah faculty, the state institute for Islamic studies Sultan Thaha Syaifudin Jambi. c. To increase the writers knowledge about world education.

E. The Frame Theory 1. Conceptual Definition a. Vocabulary Vocabulary is one of the language components which has to be mastered by the students in learning a new language. They students will get difficulties in using English if they are lack of vocabularies. Based on BBC English Dictionary (1992: 1316), vocabulary is the total of words you know in a particular language. Webster (1983: 2046) defines vocabulary as: 1) A list of words, and sometimes, phrase, usually arranged an Alphabetical order and defined: a dictionary, glossary, or lexicon.

2) All the words of a language. 3) All the words used by a particular person, class, profession, etc; sometimes, all the words recognized and understood by a particular person, although not necessarily used by him (in full, passive vocabulary). Similarly, Hornby (1995: 1331) defines vocabulary as: 1) The total number of words in language. 2) All the words know to a person or used in a particular book, subject, etc. 3) A list of words with their meanings, especially one that accompanies a text book in a foreign language. According to the definitions above it can be concluded that vocabulary is a stock of words in a language, written or spoken, with meaning that considered as cultural meaning used by group or individual community. b. Picture 1) Definition of picture Picture is photo, picture or painting, and sketch ( line picture) (Azhar Arsyad, 2007: 113). Picture represent got easy and important visual media. Cause he earn to change word of verbal, abstraction something that concrete, and overcome perception of human being.

Picture make people can catch information or idea which consist in it clearly, clearer than laid open by words (Yudhi Munadi, 2008: 89). From some the opinion above, clear that picture media represent media able to be seen by clarified eyesight senses through pictures in course of study with aim to facilitate child in comprehending Iesson quickerly. 2) Condition of Good Picture. Good Picture is matching with the target of study. Besides there are some condition which need to be paid attention for example: a) Having to autentik, that is the picture shall be downright portray situation like if people see object in fact b) Simple, that is its composition shall be selfexplanatory show fundamental poin-poin in picture c) Size measure relative, that is picture can enlarge or minimize object or object in fact d) Picture better contain deed or motion, showing certain activity ( Arief S. Sadiman Dkk., 2002: 31-32). Though there is statement that picture media have some weakness, but picture media remain to represent media which is most commonly weared, which can understood and comprehended wherever. Picture media also is easy to got, either from brochures,

posters, containing magazines of high and good pictures its quality, and from colourful and also black and white good colour facet, or by making simple picture media, by using technique mark with lines and circle. c. Learning Result Learning result is domination of knowledge / skill about vocabulary developed by Ianguage subject of english which is usually shown with value of test given value number of teacher. Learning Result to be define as a result of which is expected from study which have been specific in certain behavioral formula as effect of process learning him. (Veithzal Rifa.i, 2003:130) According To A. Tabrani Rusyan in its book of approach in course of learning to teach to have a notion : " Result learn to represent reached result by a student after he do certain school activity or after he accept instruction from a teacher at one time. (A. Tabrani Rusyan, 2000:65) To be more sharpness concerning students vocabulary learning result can be seen at schema here under :
knowledge/ vocabulary behavioral

learning use picture

test

learning result

value

From schema above expressing, that result learn to be resulted by existence of activity of evaluation learn ( evaluation and tes) learn to be conducted caused by activity learn. Pros and consly of learning result very depended from knowledge and change of behavioral of pertinent individual to what studying.

2. Operational Definition a. Vocabulary According to opinion of writer, vocabulary is the way of spelling, learn words specially in Ianguage of english from one syllable become sentence and sentence become paragraph. covering writing, spelling, way of reading and punctuation mark. Vocabulary is the key for speaking english, to master vocabulary for practicing english the students have to memorize and use it in conversation or speaking english, students who diligent and always memorize the vocabularies will be more easy to practice english and than able to learning result well. The teaching vocabulary by using picture media will help the students to understand faster and enjoy when learning process. b. Picture Media According to writer of picture media is one of the media study which in submitting its Iesson items use picture as a means of the

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forwarding of him. Picture media can in the form of photo, painting, etc. By giving the picture students are able to understand the ,meaning of word without opening the dictionary to fine the meaning. c. Influence of Picture Media According to writer of influence of picture media is very having an effect on to result learn student. by using picture as media is forwarding of him expected by student more is comprehending submitted by Iesson items teacher. d. Vocabulary learning result using picture According to writer vocabulary learning result use picture is value result of test conducted by teacher after student given by study media that is picture.

F. Hypothesis Ha : There is a significant effect of picture towards students vocabulary leraning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi ( ) = Ha accepted. Ho : There is no significant effect of picture towards students vocabulary leraning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi ( ) = Ho accepted.

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CHAPTER II RESEARCH PROCEDURE

A. Desain of Research In this research, the effect of using picture media towards student learning of vocabulary subject to be used by experiment method really with research device the used pasca desain test commensurable random subyek two group. Research device pasca desain test commensurable random subyek two group. Can be described as following: Class Treatment X Class V.A ( E ) Class V.B ( C ) Tied Variable Y

( Sudjana,1996) Tables of above to show stages, steps of research, at coloum two treatment to group experiment using picture media, and control group which without picture media. While at column three the make-up of the understanding learning of vocabulary subject among experiment group and control group.

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Information: E C X Y = eksperiment class = control class = media = learning result = giving of treatment using picture media = without picture media = learning result using picture media = learning result without picture media

B. Kinds and Source of Data 1. Kinds Of Data To facilitate data collection that the writer did in this study, the authors grouped into two categories, namely a. Primary Data Primary data is "data obtained by the authors directly, whether conducted through interviews, observation, and other

tools.(Subagyo,1990:87) In this case I find and collect data in the form of indicators of how the effect of using picture towards students vocabulary learning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.

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The primary data that the author intended in this research is data about the effect of using picture media towards students vocabulary learning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi. b. Secondary Data Secondary data is data that is not taken directly from the source, secondary data that the author intended in this research is already welldocumented data that has to do with the title. The secondary data are as follows: 1) Historical and geographical of state junior high School 25 Jambi 2) Structure organization of state junior high School 25 Jambi 3) The teachers and students condition and facility in state junior high School 25 Jambi. 2. Source of Data The Source of in this research as follows: a. b. c. d. Headmaster of State junior high School 25 Jambi English teacher of State junior high School 25 Jambi Students of State junior high school 25 Jambi Condition of teaching and learning process of english subject in the class e. Documentation and literatures which are related to study.

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C. Population and Sample 1. Population Population is " entire/all data becoming research of Population is generalizing region which consist of object / subjek having and quality of karekteristik certain which specified by researcher to be studied and later;then pulled its conclusion. (Arikunto,1990:129) This population of this research are the fifth grade students of the junior high school 25 Jambi. They are 60 students the consist of two classes.
Tables 1 students at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi class Male Female Amount 3A 3B 16 17 Amount 14 13 30 30 60

2. Sample According to Subagyo sampel is " part of the amount of characteristic data had by population, good sampel is sampel able to express maximally situation of population. (Subagyo, 1990:90)
Tables 1 students at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi class Male Female Amount 3A (experiment class) 3B (control class) 3A & 3B Validity class 10 10 13 Amount 10 10 7 20 20 20 60

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D. The Method of Collecting Data

a. Observation Observation interpreted " as record-keeping and perception systematicly to visible symptom at research object. Perception and conducted record-keeping to object in place march of events, so that observation reside in with object investigated"(Margono, 2004:158)

b. Interview Interview Method is " an form of communication of verbal a kind of conversation with aim to obtain;get information. (Nasution, 2004:113) Interview represent appliance gathering of information by oral to be answered verbally also. (Margono, 2004:165) This method used by writer to obtain;get responder data directly, like: a. First Middle Headmaster of junior high school 25 Jambi b. Organizer

c. Teacher d. Student

c. Test Method A test is set of questions or stimulus which is given to the student or to the subjects or respondents to obtain the answer or responses which can be used to measure the ability, skill, intelligence, knowledge, talent, or interest ( Arikunto, 2002: 127)

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Test giving to students in the form of multiple choice consisting of four answer choices, with a test picture. Test is made in a accordance with the curriculum and textbooks used by the junior high school 25 Jambi, using picture media as a means of learning. Score of the given test at the validity test, if the correct answer score is one, if the answer wrong score is zero. When the test is used to determine differences in learning score of students who learn to use the picture media that without picture media, each multipled by five points of correct answer, wrong answer zero. Given test is: 1) Validity Test Instrument told valid if can measure what wanted. Instrument told valid if can express data of accurate variable precisely. Formula:

Information: = Koefisien korelasi point biserial =Total Score mean which [reply/ answer] correctness [at] problem item. = Total Score mean. = standard of Deviasi total ( Standard Deviasi of total score)

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= Student proportion which replying correctness to problem item which is searching by its correction with tes as a whole. = Student proportion the replying wrong in each problem item. (Sudijono, 2004:249) Result of calculation consulted at tebel with level of signifikansi 5%. If > hence valid problem item.

2) Reliabilitas Reliabilitas is correctness or decision an evaluation. Evaluation appliance told by reliable if the tes can be trusted, consistence or stabilize and is productive. Formula K-R 21: [ Information: M k = total means score = number of item = total varian (Sugiyono, 2010:132) Price of r obtained to be compared to with signifikan 5 %. If price > level of ][ ]

hence problem which is test-

draived have the character of reliable.

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3) Level Difficulty of Problem. Number showing difficult and is easy of him something problem referred by difficulty index. Make an index to this difficulty show level difficulty of problem. Level of index difficulty of problem can be calculated:

Information: P B exactly. JS = Amount of entire/all student participant of tes. = index difficulty of problem. = o the number of student which replying that problem

(Arikunto, 2002 : 208) Classification make an index to difficulty of problem shall be as follows: 0,00 < IK 0,30 is difficult 0,30 < IK 0,70 medium P 0,70 < IK < 1,00 easy

4) Distinguishing energy of problem. Distinguishing energy of problem is ability something problem to differentiate between clever student ( high capable) with stupid student (capable lower). Number showing the level of referred as

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distinguishing energy of discrimination index (D). Formula to determine discrimination index is:

Information: DP = Distinguishing energy = Amount of real correct problem item at score upper group = Amount of real correct problem item at under group score = To the number of student at group to the. (Suherman, 1990:90) Distinguishing Energy classification:: DP 0,00 DP 0,00 0,20 DP 0,20 0,40 DP 0,40 0,70 DP 0,70 1,00 = Very bad. = bad = enough = good = very good

d. Documentation Documentation method is to " searching data concerning or things of variable-variabel which in the form of note, manuscript, book, newspaper, magazine, minutes, meeting, inscription, lengger, agenda, etc. (Arikunto, 2002:149)

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Documentation is to " representing data through ommission written, like : archivess and including also books about opinion, theory, laws and theorem and others relate to the problem of research. (Margono, 2004:181) This method of writer use to look for respective data with: a. Geographical and Historical b. Organization c. Situation of teacher, staff, and students d. Situation of facilities and basic facilities

E. Data Analisis Method 1. Normalitas test. Before determined hypothesis test is beforehand conducted by examination of data or test normality of data. If data have normal

distribution, hence hypothesis test using statistic of parametik, while if distribution data is not normal, hence hypothesis test use statistic of is non parametik. For the test of normalitas data, used formula of Chi Square ( ). ( Ridwan, 2003:187) Calculation step:

a. Determining big score and small score b. Determine the large c. Determine the number of class (BK) BK = 1+3,3 log n (Sturgess formula) d. Determine the length of the class (i) i=

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e. Determine the average or mean ( ) =

f. Determine the standard deviation

g. Make a list with the following way: 1) Determine the class boundaries left scores first class interval 0,5 and later reduced the number right score plus 0,5 class interval. 2) Find the value of Z-scores for the class limit of the interval with the formula: Z=

3) Seek broad 0 Z from the table of normal curve from 0 Z by using the number for the class boundaries 4) Search area for each interval by subtracting the number 0 Z, is the first row number minus the second row, second row number minus the third row and so on. 5) Find the expected frequency (Fe) by way of transfer area of each interval with the number of respondents. 6) Looking for a chi square with the formula 7) Compare ( db=k-3, dan =0,05 decision rule: 22 ) with ( )

if if

, then the data distribution is not normal , then the normal data distribution

2. Homogenitas test This test aim to know what is both class having same variant or not. If the class have is same variant, hence the class told is homogeneous. To testing homogeneous data used by test of Bartlett with statistic of Chi Square with formula: { With Information: = variant from all sampel. = variant of each class. (Sudjana, 1996:255). Step calculation: a. Enter the statistics for testing homogeneity in the test table barlet b. Calculate variance with the formula }

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c. Count log d. Calculate the value of B= e. Calculate the value f. Compared = (log 10){ = with the value } for =0,05 and degrees

of freedom, with the following test criteria: If If not homogeneous not homogeneous

3. t test By the end of execution of second experiment of group recognized its measurement or final tes with appliance / same instrument. Result of from tes both of the group compared to is technics t-tes with formula:

= Mean variable x = Mean variable y = Error Standard

X = class no using picture media (class control) Y = class using picture media (class eksperiment) To get the result of t-test, we have to do some steps as follow: Steps of t-test a. Mean variable x

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b. Mean variable y

c. Standard deviasi variable x

d. Standard deviasi variable y

e. Standard error variable x

f. Standard error variable y

g. Looking for

h. Looking for

i. Looking for standard error to dofferent between mean variable x and mean variable y

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 Looking for to:

( Sudjono, 2004: 325-326)

j. Interpretation 1) If to t table same with or the bigger than t therefore the zero (null) hypothesis its mean refused between two variables, there is significant influence. 2) If to table therefore hypothesis zero (null) received it is mean between two variable there is significant influence. (Anas Sudjono, 2004:314)

F. Schedule of the research As for so that this research as according to previous planning have been planned, hence writer schedule for the following research

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No

Activities June

Table 1 Schedule of the research MOUNTH Jule Augst Sept Oct Nov

Making of proposal

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CHAPTER III GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI

A. Histories and geographies of the state junior high school 25 Jambi 1. Histories of the state junior high school 25 Jambi According to Mrs. Surya Dewi, S.Pd as headmaster of the state junior high school 25 Jambi says: SMP 25 berdiri pada tahun 2007, merupakan SMP Negeri di Kelurahan Kopi Jaya. Berdiri di atas tanah wakaf milik Bp Majid selaku ketua RT 14 pada waktu itu. Dengan luas tanah satu hektar (1000m2).(interview, Mei 2012) Firstly location on this building in RT 14 Kelurahan Kopi Jaya. In firstly lesson here, there are 367 students. and headmaster of state junior high school 25 Jambi has exchange for six more. Firstly, Mr.Harun and than Mr.Basuki, and than Mr.Sumarjo, and than Mr.AzraI, and than Mr.Rozali, and after that Mrs.Surya Dewi until now.(interview, Mei 2012) 2. Geographies of the state junior high school 25 Jambi a. Administrative location (interview, Mei 2012) Administrative location of state junior high school 25 Jambi as follow:
1) 2) 3)

Street : Yunus Sanis Street, District : Jelutung Province : Jambi

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b. Economic locations (interview, Juni 2012) Naturally state junior high school 25 Jambi has economic locations as follow: 1) West side is Smp N 14 Jambi 2) East side is Perum. Pesut 3) South side is Pertamina 4) North side is elementary school 77

B. Condition of School Facilities There are many factors determine for the student and teacher successful in teaching and learning process is not morely depended on preparation, but facilities also hold the important role. Discussing about facilities in junior high school 25 Jambi are enough complete. But, year by year this school is completed. Junior high school 25 Jambi thinks that knowledge and technology are important to be main necessary for human interest in any time and place. So that, junior high school 25 Jambi should give any facilities that support its teaching and learning process, preparation of any instructional learning media as study facilities enough available in order to be one of the requirement for the purpose of the teaching and learning process.

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No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Room Class Room

Tabel II Condition of School Facilities (Documentation, Mei 2012) Number 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Condition good Good Good Good good good good good good good

Head master office Teacher office Medical room Library Teachers toilet Students toilet Vice headmaster Laboratorium BK Room

C. Teachers and Students Condition 1. Teachers condition Basically, a teacher is main person who has duties to contribute information and knowlwdge to the students. The teacher is not only as contributor knowledge, but also as an advisor, mediator and facilitator to conduct the students in getting information and knowledge. 30

D. The Sructure of Organization Junior high school 25 Jambi is managed directly by a headmaster whose duties supported by his staff that almost of them are teacher also his responsibilities are to plan, apply, control, conduct and evaluate the implementation of the learning process at the school. In order to do his work properly, he has to cooperate well to all of the teachers by sharing rights and responsibility fairly of the job according to the professionalism each of them. Picture III The Structure of Organization Junior High School 25 Jambi (Documentation, Mei 2012) Headmaster Surya dewi, S.Pd

Deputy of curriculum Siti Maryam

Deputy for Student Affair Rosnalainas, S.Pd.I

Treasurer Jamilah, S.Pd

Chief of Administration Affair Vera Dhefriana, S.Pd

Teacher

Students

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