2.4 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 2.4.

1 Identify quadratic equation with one unknown

General form : ax2 + bx + c = 0

- a, b and c are constant / a, b dan c adalah tetap - a0 - the highest power of unknown or variable is 2 / kuasa tertinggi untuk anu atau pembolehubah ialah 2 1. State whether the following equations are quadratic equations Nyatakan sama ada persamaan berikut adalah persamaan kuadratik a) 2 x 2 + 9 x + 4 = 0
Jawapan : Sebab :

b) 3 x + 6 = 2 x 5
Jawapan : Sebab :

c) 2 s 3 3s + 6 = 0
Jawapan : Sebab :

d) r 2 + 6r s 2 2s = 0
Jawapan : Sebab :

e) y 2 + 2 y 3 = 0
Jawapan : Sebab :

2. Write the following quadratic equations in the general form : ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Tulis persamaan kuadratik berikut dalam bentuk am : ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Example a) 3 2 y = y 2 b) 5 23 x = x + 5 x 2 c) 3 y 2 + 4 = 2 y 5

d) 2 y + 4 = 3 y 2

e) 5k k 2 = 8 2k

f) 7 m = m 2 30

g) z ( z + 2 ) = 3z 8

h) ( x 5) = 9
2

i) ( b + 3)( 2b + 1) = 3

j) ( y 4 ) = 2 y 5
2

k) ( p 1) = p ( 3 p )
2

l) 3( m 2 ) = ( m + 3)( 4m 1)
2

m)

2n 2 + 5n =2 n +1

n)

y2 + 5y =7 2

2 o) m =

5m 3 2

p) k

1 =8 k

q)

1 3 = 2 1 x x

p2 + 2 = 18 r) p3

2.5 ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 2.5.1 Understand and use the concept of roots of quadratic equations -The root of a quadratic equation is the value of the unknown which satisfies the equation Punca persamaan kuadratik ialah nilai pembolehubah yang memuaskan persamaan Example : Determine whether a) x = 8 b) x = 4

c) x =

3 are roots of the quadratic equation 2

2 x 2 13 x 24 = 0.
Solution : a) When x = 8, LHS ( left hand side ) = 2 x 2 13 x 24 2 = 2( 8) 13( 8) 24 b) When x = 4, LHS ( left hand side ) = 2 x 2 13 x 24 = = = = =

= 2( 64 ) 104 24 = 128 104 24 =0 = RHS ( right hand side ) Thus, x = 8 is a root of the equation

c) When x = , LHS ( left hand side ) = 2 x 2 13 x 24 = = = = =

3 2

Exercise For each of the following quadratic equations, determine whether the given value is a root of the equation. 3 a) 2n 2 5n 18 = 0, n = 2 c) 12 + k k 2 = 0, k = 3 2 b) 4 y + 5 y 6 = 0, y =

d) 3 x 2 + 4 x 32 = 0, x = 3 3

e) 5t 2 6t 8 = 0, t = 2

f) 3 p 2 + 2 p 8 = 0, p = 2

2.5.2 Determine the solutions of quadratic equations -To determine the solution of a quadratic equation means to find its roots. This can be done by factorisation. Example : 1. Determine the roots for quadratic equations

a ) ( x 3)( x + 5) = 0 x 3 = 0 or x + 5 = 0 x = 3 or
Exercise

b) 3 p ( p 5) = 0 3 p = 0 or p 5 = 0 p=0 or p=5

x = 5

c) ( 2 p 5)( p + 2 ) = 0 2 p 5 = 0 or p + 2 = 0 5 p= or p = 2 2

Determine the roots of the following quadratic equations a) ( x + 4)( x 1) = 0 b) ( 5m 2 )( 3m + 1) = 0 c) 7 n( 3n 7 ) = 0

d) ( 2t + 11)( 3t 2 ) = 0

e) ( y 7 ) = 0
2

f) 4d ( 2d 3) = 0

g) x( 6 x 1) = 0

h) 2t ( t + 5) = 0

i) ( 3 p + 2 )( 2 p 3) = 0

Example : 4

Steps to solve the quadratic equations 1. Express the equation in the general form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 2. Factorise ax 2 + bx + c = 0 to express the equation in the factor form ( mx + p )( nx + q ) = 0 3. Write mx + p = 0 and nx + q = 0 4. Solve for x, x =

p q and x = m n

2. Solve the following quadratic equations

a) y 2 + 2 y 3 = 0

b) f 2 2 f + 2 = f + 6

c) ( x 2 ) 4 = x
2

d)

2n 2 + 5n =2 n +1

e)

h( 2h 3) = 3 h 2

Exercise Solve the following quadratic equations a) x 2 + 6 x + 5 = 0 b) r 2 + 3r 4 = 0 c) m 2 5m = 6

d) n 2 + 15 = 8n

e) ( p 3) 25 = 0
2

f) ( k 2) = 4 2
2

g) y ( y + 5) = 6

h) ( x + 3)( 2 x + 1) = 3

i)

n 2 + 20 = 3n 3

2 j) c =

5c 3 2

k)

p2 + 4 =p 5

l)

x2 6 =x 5

m)

m( 5m 3) =2 4m 1

n)

2 d2 +6 =1 11d

o)

q ( 2q 1) =5 3

p)

( x + 5)( x 2) = 2
x +1

y2 + 2 = 18 q) y 3

r)

e+5 4 = e2 +1 5

2.6 Question based on examination format 1. Expand (2 y 1)(3 y + 4) = 6

A 6y2 + 8y 4 B 6y2 5y 4 2. Expand A

C 6y2 + 5y 4 D 5y2 + 6y + 4
2

1 p 1 . 4 1 2 1 p p +1 4 2 1 2 1 p p +1 D 16 16
C

1 2 p p +1 16 1 2 p p +1 B 4 1 2 1 k. 3. Factorise k 5 10 1 1 A k k 5 2 1 k ( 2k + 1) B 10
4. Find the roots of (2 x + 1) 2 9 = 5 .

1 2 1 k k 10 10 1 1 1 D k + k k k 10 2 2
C

1 3 and 2 2 1 3 B and 2 2
A 5. Find the roots of ( w + 3)( w 1) 45 = 0 . A 6 and 8 B 6 and 8 6. The diagram shows a triangle.

C 2 and -3 D -2 and 3

C 3 and 16 D 3 and 16

(x-5)

The area of the triangle is 7 units. The height of the triangle is A 2 units C 7 units B 2 units D 7 units 7. Given x2 + x = 6, find the values of x. A 6 or 1 B 6 or 1

C 2 or 3 D 2 or 3

8.

Given (m 2)( m 3) 12 = 0 , find the values of m. A 1 and 6 C 2 and 3 B 1 and -6 D 2 and 3

9. Given r 2 4r + 3 = 2(r 1) , find the values of r. 7

A 5 and -3 B 5 and 3 10. The figure shows a rectangle.

(K + 5) cm

C 5 and 1 D 5 and 1

K cm

Given that total area of the rectangle is 24 cm 2 . Find the length of the rectangle. A 3 cm C 8 cm B 3 cm D 8 cm 11. ( p 3q ) 2 + 5 pq = A p 2 pq + 9q 2 B p 2 8 pq 9q 2 12. Given C p 2 11 pq + 9q 2 D p 2 + 5 pq + 9q 2

x3 4 = , the values of x are 2 x+4

C.

A. 5 or 4 C. 5 or 4 13. Find the values of x if ( 2 x + 1)( x 6) = 0 A.

5 or 4 4

D. 5 or 4

1 or 6 2

B. 1 or 6

1 or 6 2 1 D. or 6 2
C.

14. Given that a 2 + a 12 = (a + b)( a + c) . Find the value b and c. A b = 1, c = 12 C b = 3, c = - 4 B b = 1, c = 12 D b = -3, c = 4 15. Factorise 10 x 2 + x 2 . A (10 x + 1)( x 2) B (5 x 2)( x + 1) 16. Find the values of m such that A B

C ( x + 1)(10 x 2) D (5 x + 2)( x 1)

2m 2 5 = 1. 9m
C 1 and 5 D 1 and 5

1 and 5 2

1 and 5 2

17. Find the values of x such that 3 x( x + 4) = 15 . A 5 and 1 C 5 and 11 B 5 and 1 D 5 and 11

18. The roots of A 2 and 2 B 3 and 3

5 = x + 2 are x2

C 4 and 4 D 5 and 5

19. Factorise 48 f
2

88 f + 32 . A (6 f 11 f + 4) B (6 f 2 + 11 f 4)
2

11 f + 4) D 8(6 f 2 + 11 f 4)
C 8(6 f
2

20. Find the values of u which satisfy u (3u +

17 15 17 B -1 and 15
A 1 and 2.7 Past Year SPM Questions 1. (3 p m)( p + 2m) = A 3 p 2 + 5 pm 2m 2 B 3 p 2 5 pm + 2m 2 2. (3 4x)(2 + x) + 3(x 5) = A - 3x2 + 3x 5 B - 4x2 2x 9 Nov 2004 3. 3 x( x 2 y ) (3 x y ) 2 = A 6 xy + y 2 B 6x 2 y 2 Nov 2005 4. (3h + 4)(2h 5) = A 6h 2 7 h + 20 B 6h 2 7 h 20 Nov 2006 5. 3 x 2 x(1 x ) A 2x2 1 B 2x2 x Nov 2007 6. 5 pq 2(1 pq ) = A 3 pq 2 B 4 pq 2

22 ) = 1. 5 1 5 and C 5 3 1 5 D and 5 3

C 3 p 2 + 7 pm 2m 2 D 3 p 2 7 pm + 2m 2 C - 4x2 3x + 1 D - 8x2 + 6x 15

C 6 x 2 6 xy + y 2 D 3 x 2 9 xy y 2

C 6h 2 23h + 20 D 6h 2 23h 20

C 4x2 1 D 4x2 x

C 6 pq 2 D 7 pq 2

Jun 2008 7.

( 2 x y ) 2 x( x y ) =
9

A 3 x 2 3 xy + y 2 B 3 x 5 xy + y 2 Nov 2008 8.

C 3 x 2 + xy y 2 D 3 x 2 5 xy y 2

( x y )( 5 x + 3 y ) x( x y ) =
A 4 x 2 xy 3 y 2 B 4 x 2 3 xy 3 y 2 C 4 x 2 xy + 3 y 2 D 4 x 2 3 xy + 3 y 2

Cloned SPM Questions 1. Solve the equation 5 x 2 = 6( x 3) + 26

3p2 + 4 p =2 p+4 4m 2 15 3. Solve the equation 2m = 2

2. Solve the equation

10