Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
%.
(Comiff
C?e
QSooft of %^x^%^(^S)
tn Ibel?- >>
<^
in Hebrew present edition of the Sacred ]5ooks of the Old Testament reconstructed text on the basis of which the new translation of the Bible has been prepared by the learned contributors mentioned on the It is, therefore, the exact counterpart of the English other page of the cover.
THE
edition.
exliibits the
Wherever the
translation
is
Text, the deviation appears here in the Hel^ew translation are also found here in the original.
>
Transpositions in the
Departures from the Received Text are indicated by diacritical signs: on the authority of the e. V = Versions) designates a reading adopted e. 10 e. c = conjec/urc), Ancient Versions; <> (/. conjectural emendations; and a departure from the Masoretic points, or 3 = i^pi), changes involving merely
(7.
>
(?'.
{e.
g.
nitt'"'
pDD
indicates transposition of the Masoretic piDS t\\'0; been adopted instead of the 3T3, and "" for changes introduced on the strength of parallel passages. Doubtful words or passages are marked with
'np lias
is
15
notes of interrogation (< >). Occasionally two diacritical marks are combined, * the Received Text suggested by the Versions as c. i. e. de\iations from >, g.
well as
<>,
i. c. departures from the Masoretic points In cases where two or three consecutive
is
indicated by
^ 3
&c. respecti- 20
vely jMefixed to the indi\idual words {c. g. 13 25). Hopelessly corrupt passages are indicated by ...., \\hile asterisks * * # * point to laciiiuc in the original.
The
text
has been
left
unpointed except
in
ambiguous
cases.
The headings
printed in RED (pp. 1.13. 16.17.23.26.27.38), of course, do not constitute a part of ilie reconstruction of the original text of the book of Jeremiah but have been 25 added by Professor Coi^NMi.i,.
arc referred to in
;
=
.u.
Masoretic Text
(/.
e.
St.
= Symmachos.
Jerome)
30
M=
not
recension
Targum
RV =
It
Vaticanus (B); ^o js the Mcdiolancnsis), (), v = Authorized \'crsion, of Onkelos, ?' Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan; Revised Version, R\-^i ^ Revised Version Margin, OT Old Testament.
(A), (6^^
= Ambrosianus
AV
been deemed necessary to classify all the divergences exhibited 35 As a rule, only those variations have been recorded liy the Ancient Versions. on the authority of which an emendation has been adopted by the editor of
lias
the text.
numbers
figures in the left margin of the Notes (i, 2, in ( ) to the verses of the Hebrew text.
by.
3,
&c.) refer
The mark^ A
40
means
oinit(s) or
omitted
COKxMl.L
^^
Oft)
t^etmmt
PREPARED
6p eminent
(^iBfiCrtf
ecBofrtvp
of
Bwopt
anb
Jlincvtc<i
PAUL HAUPT
PROFESSOR
I.N
PART it
Zh
(gfooft
of 3ercmiciB
BY
H CORNILL
J.
r. HTVTMritC'c:,^,,,r
p,
UC H H AN m
I
l .^<.
1805
(^afttmorc
JSon&on
STRAND
THE BOOK
OF THK
(pvop^d J^eremta^
CRITICAL EDITION OF THE HEBHEW TEXT
ARRANGED
IN CHRONOI.OGICAI,
OKDER
WITH NOTES
BY
CHCORNILL,
t'ROKtiSSOK IN
1).
1).
ngfi6
:^
PRINTED BY
W DRUGULIN
KMNSCH
/9/J
go
CC. vv.
-9G'>>
2"*^^^^ *'
79
dRrrangonenf of
In the present edition of the chronological order as follows:
1, 1. 2.
(?ft
Ttict
is
Book
arranged
in
1-5
-19-25; 4,3-9-11-31
;
5, 1-19-23-31
;
6; 3,6-16;
;
II
10,17-24
25,1-3.7-11.13^.15-29
46,1-12
47;
717; 35,1-14.
17-19.
24
13. 14
;
29, I .3-I5.21-22=.3I*'.32 49,34-39 22 23, 1-6 ; 23,9-18.21-40 21 l-IO. 20, 14-18. 7 -12 32, 1=*. 2^.6-15. 24-44; 33, 1.4 -13; 23, 7. 8(=l6, 14. 15).
; ;
30,1-9.13-21
19
28''.
;
31,1.2-9.15-34.38-40; 46,1326.
;
20,1-6
26,1-19.24.20-23
34,1-7
;
36
;
45
28,1='
;
27,1-6.822
;
28,1*' 17
;
5I,
59.6o.6i.63.64
38,
39, 3. 14
;
40,6-16
37,4.11-21
40, 15
38, 1-28^
39, 15-18.
10,1-4.9.5-8.10.12-16; 17,19-27
39,1.2.4-12
50
51
52.
The
following passages, being later glosses and interpolations, text, and appear in the footnotes:
1
are rele-
3; 3, 17-18; 4,
;
-2. 10; 5,
23,19.20
25,4-6. 12.
13''. 14.
3038 27,7;
: ;
20-22; 10, 11. 25; 15,11-14; 17, 12; 20, 13; 21, II. 12. 29, 2. l6-20. 22*^-31^ 30, lO.l 1 22 24 3I,
;
. ;
i^.2''-5. 17-23
;
33,2.3.11=^3.1426
;
35,15-16
37,1-2 ;39,i3
44,
51,60^.62.
appearing
in the
present edition
51
^48)
ill
liic
reads n', ilic plural ib, liu\\c\cr, lo be restored utcor. uhoic passage, 44**-49*, is waniinjj.
"b'jn.
s/tii/t
vT^rJ,
In
(49) in hH'W*
/ti//.
'llicse
O ye
words can only be taken as a vocaii of Israel! but this gives no close associalion of
is
w.vi^
peculiar.
3, quite freely,
ct
.. /
oaisi in
taken ^33 as adverbial accusative, or else have read ^223 --.y dicate to biiy^ ''hhw ^xin"" '"j'lDp iK'D-in\s ^323 ]H. In (fi the whole passau'c is wanting. The necessity for an emendation is evident, and sense and y point to a convenient way. We need merely repeat the final ^ "i Pt;: uciuic lu *''bn, and order is at once restored.
.
-.
(58) i reads
ill "iDpM,
men.
which
(63, better,
is
wiiliout conjunction;
(59"64)
(8i simply, ^KAit)iouoiv, the parallel passage Hab. 2,13. \ crses 59 64, in their original form as an independent passage, have alrcadv ic occupied our attention; but since they arc the root from which the present or.i
cf.
^^Vj
against Babylon has grown up, and in their traditional shape form the inseparuli<conclusion of that oracle, they must be repeated here. For ;<" loxtiKiI criticism I would refer lo the pr<\i<ni> treatment of the suL,
52
(iff)
Since
2
c. 52,
with exception of
some
K. 24,18-25,30, and is merely an external and foreign appendix added to liook of Jeremiah, we gi\c here only the most essential jjoints of the criticism and would refer for all else to the critical notes on the Book u:
(0
(11) (12)
'
.m K^thib ^D'cn.
in
itt
25
to (83 iaxriKUJi;, ^DJ;
noj?,
is
K"-'ihib n'33.
2 K. 25,8,
belter.
'l"he parallel
p...-:M.,.
(14)
(15)
which is at least superfluous. At the beginning of \ 15 ill erroneously places the worils opn m^TCV from the beginning of v. 16. The words are altogether unsuitable here,
ill-l-^r,
.
yi
ai.v^*
.i..
wanting
(21)
(23)
in
(0
1.
in K<^thib HDV-
The words nD
D'iein
"ra
nnn
.ne
i,u.
nv
..n
'
'
successful restoration has as yet been accoin^ deplored as the passage is wanting in 2 K. 25, and might throw light K. 7,1522. description of the two bronze pillars in
1
on the
in K<=thib D':!?D.
*P
"-'^^
5^343
51
(3)
-ofiS^Q-K*
^ttimia^ ^SJ^-
77
An
"^yn^-bsi intyp l^nn pn^ TTi^-^K, being erased by the Q'^rc it is a ''ip nb) Tr\2 and a mere dittoIt would sceni simplest to point the traditional bn as the negative b, gram. and this has actually been done by iTSJ. But this is impossible on account of the meaning, since only the enemies of the Chaldeans can be addressed here; and therefore i\l points "^K and explains the whole as a violent ellipsis: To him
iH reads irnD2
:
the second
pT
ivho
bcntfs,
/ say
fian';
and
is,
coat of mail: Spare not. This explanation to get out of the difficulty; the position
jussive ^yn''
is
of Tmn and especially that of the must, therefore, with (D Teiveru) 10 absolutely incomprehensible. 6 Teivuuv TO tosov aOroO kui irepiB^oeuj lu ^axiv otrXu auToO, strike out the two negatives, although the elimination of a negative is one of the most hazardous
We
operations of textual criucism. But another variation of C5 from iH is noteworthy: 11) taxiv ottXu uutoO can never have been the translation of a simple 13^103, but would go back to a 13^">D V^iJ?. Besides, the paralleHsm and the structure of the
in
15
\crse would lead us not to subjoin as the second member a simple 1V1D2 ^Vn^l, which, moreoxer, the jussive ^j?n^ coming immediately before the pause is,
to say the least, unusual. 5, too, has found it necessary to supply a special subject for this clause, and renders: JLK:a;jB oo^f* (.v/V/) wu\ ai JIq. In \iew of the reading ir"\D vbj> ^yn^i, which is conjccturally assumed as that of , 20
and
in
first
at 13^103
n^J? is
(ri:;gnssiofi,
so that
can actually
mean
the enemy,
(j)
+ D'13.
D'bbiyn can, in the context, hardly mean anything else Z% simply retain the obscure word.
;
(11)
The word
than quivers^ 25
as C53 translate
nex are very obscure, but are found in all the Versions; xd airXdYXva oou is merely due to the error of a scribe who wrote 1^03 for "[VS3. TDK is pointed by a number of witnesses rittN; but itt has 30 very properly avoided this, as in that case no constr-uclion is to be obtained which would be satisfactory. For the sense, parallelism and context are reliable guides the assonance "[^"il .... "]Sp must be regarded as intentional.
'^sa
reading
ei?
iH
t33t91,
to
read B3 ^nWM 35
in'pni,
with
nTiaonST ND3t9
p'?in "jxisy^l
in xbiS 13
"T r)X,
in conformit\- with
the primary passage 10,16. C5, therefore, correctly, 6ti 6 irXdoui; rd iravra (xhxbc, iaix KXiipovoiaia auroO. 5 combines ill and (5: vOO(J.aiB a>oo( Vs ffaj jll
yQatloLr^ji
J
^f
,e.
(30)
itt
reads
WSn
is
extremely harsh.
We
shall,
40
have to read the Hof'al with (SO, wliile 5 o^al '^'^i-^iOiN oioo^ QM^il, has both verbs in the active xoice. The Masorites probably pointed the consonantal form m^'n as an active verb, because the Hof'al does not elsewhere occur in the OT, the Nif'al being the usual passive.
therefore,
(34)
itt itt
45
ill
itt
K^thib ijybD.
has '.3nnn, and the Q"^rc has the same verb "'3n''in; hut we must derive the form from the stem rn3, and so point ^3n'^n. (41) in + -!idB>, an Athbash for !?23; cf ad v. i (p. 76), and 25,26 (p. 54). The fact 50 that the word disturbs the elegiac scheme evidently intended here (note the ^^*<!), is sufticient to show that it is a later interpolation.
(43) ia
+ p.
50
he iutldeu ch
and more
vivid.
K'^thib D'a2l,
which
is
(7;
utterly
clerical c:
,
V nin\
C^-i,
10
vHuli super hcrbam (f Kpm '^ipa (similarly ; But in this case we should have to read cither Kcn rbjyr T '^j? n^ipa, and besides the reading of itt is correct in point during which the animal could cat at pleasure (Dcut. 25,4;, ^.
this
pointing.
m
.^
(Hos. 10,11), and, according to the very common metaphorical aj*, w of the word t/ircs/i, the action which is here hgurati\ cly described, the work of the enemies of Israel, the plunderers of the inheritance of jHVif, is in fact a thr(shin)^.
SS^
K'=thib ""bnsni.
20
the two words must be divided, mr.nr. pc?Kl. The object, which is expressed in all the other \\\ hardly be dispensed with, while pr" can here stand very .^^i .lu.^^. w.^ ai .i ,t
]i-in innn, but, following
has
Huzig,
..
(21)
S&.
-HDnnnx.
'
25
and exegetical tradition agrees in rendering noXXolq. But k\.< -;* parallelism would lead us to follow Rashi in deriving it fr^ shoot, and to point, in accordance with Gen. 21,20, D'a*!. M to Job 16, J, a passage to which Kashi expressly refers, the pointing 2*2*5 perhaps be intended to bear this meaning. 30 7h is a Kbl 'ip; (5X5 had it also; cf. v. 26.
1
:
m2
(5
(30) S&
+ vx\r\
CV3.
(31)
S&,
adt.i^
(p. 48).
(32) SX rnpa.
tive
^iS)
(38)
In poetry the figuracf. 21,14 and also 46,23. form of speech is always to be preferred to t' .il. or anil more rmnl ^ ^31- ^-J merely nuvxes. Hie asyndeton is nnu and the l a dittogram from the preceding nn*. In this place alone ill points 2'ih, on account of prosaic consider. ncss. The whole structure and plan of t! figure of anaphora, to which this sec;. .. ., |uire y^r\, which is, moreover, the reading of 5. The in (5, but even here no inconsiderable number of MSb, among them #^, read
'
udxaipa(v)
(44)
iil
^ttI
tlu
Oban
aurf^^.
KHhib DSn.
which
is
(45) in m:,
also attested
Dni:.
by
6.
Nevertheless
.nui tl;c
.;;
itt
'tsp
aV,
which
in v. 41
is
a so called Athhis/t
for C'-r"
i.,\i >
ith
''^^
^'''
25,26 and
(5
still
had the
D'lt,
(2)
ilX
points
original reading, koI im toOi; KaTOiKoOvxa? Xc but the context absolutely rctjuircs Q**;*, ;
(tuxi'iv,
tJppiOTUi; Koi
Ka0uppioouav
and
;3
^olslJo
f'la
of m.
17,27 5.5
17
pccially
-^aS'is-'^ 'T^ttcmiA?)
^est>^
75
Neh. 13,15-22. \\'c also find in this passage many details of expression not agreeing with the style of Jeremiah which add external confirmatory evidence to the internal grounds of suspicion. But, on the other hand, the whole tone and form of expression is so plainly intended to imitate Jeremiah, and depends so evidently on parallel passages of Jeremiah, that we must assume that a
partisan of
Xchemiah put
it
and incorporated
sabbath sermon into the mouth of the prophet into his book.
this
39
(iff")
C. 39 has
no connection at all with c. 38, and presents an entirely ditierent legendary narrative of the fate of Jeremiah after the capture of Jerusalem. The 10 narrative, in its present form, has been worked over and interwoven with the older account, in the course of which some of its details have been omitted.
(4)
The reading
\'erses 4-13 are wanting in (5, but improperly. of ill and all the Versions is Dxn ncxD, refering
back
to v. 3 (wliich,
15
however, belongs to a diftcrcnt connection), and giving an altogether false sense. It was not the knowledge that the Babylonian generals had taken position at the middle gate, but the perception of the fact that Jerusalem was captured, that drove Zedekiah and the troops which still remained, to seek their safety in
thght by night. A\ reads t<S''l, but
53 have, correcdy, the plural, c^ egrcssi sunt, which is also 20 the reading of the parallel passage 52,7 (IS^M). (8) Jll n'3. 5, and the parallel passage 52,13, correctly, "na. (U) V. 13, returning to v. 3, leads over to v. 14, which belongs to the older narrative;
it
40
I,
The beginning
inx innpa
r\'cr\':\
of
v.
reads
in the
]d D^nata 2n
pxinsi inx
nn nin\
But
not be original, for in the whole of the follo\\ing section no word of God whatever comes to Jeremiah. must, therefore, see in these words another result of the combination of the two narratives of the experience of Jeremiah 30 after the destruction of Jerusalem. The statement that the following scene, the
We
Nebuchadnezzar issued in 39,12, took place in of course, essential, and forms part of the original contents of this account, in the reconstruction of which it must, therefore, be retained. The words which we have inserted in the text on purely conjectural grounds, and 35 without any external support, would restore in the simplest manner the connecfulfillment of the royal edict of
Ramah
is,
tion
(3)
i\\
6.
(4)
i\\
nin
-1-
jH
ill
ill
nvn.
40
r\zh^ I'i'V^ "ic^'n h)x\ aid
in
-H
-f
5
baa
"i"?
"riK u"7.
new
bs
"i^jb"?
pxn
^3
ns-i.
aitf'
(5)
\'.
begins
words
\^
imvv
45
JH
''"lya.
iv
which
is
decidedly better.
50
For cc. 50 and 51 the student should consult BuDDic's conclusive investigation, Ubcr die Ccipiit'/ j^o u/td ji dcs Biichcs Jcrcinia, \\\Jah}biichcr fiir dciitschc TItcologic, vol. xxiii, pp.
(2)
Jll
(5)
1^ reads
^ibii, but seems, by the pointing iNa, which, of course, can only be 50 the imperative, to intend to indicate that 1lb:i also is to be taken as an irregular
imperative Nif'al.
in
Were
1lb:i
correct,
we should
at least
have to read
11^31
1ai
iisouai Kai
KaTa9eOEovTai.
'^
74
''^ti^<9**
2*xtmia^ -<repeatedly
44,1717,27
in
44
(1719.25)
encountered
the narrative
Here
also
i\l
i/. note on 7,18 p. Masoretic marginal note, HBT 'nn, Tl. has been explained in various ways: i
.-
51
'
-'
-
, _
lendam earn; A, ctq kukujoiv; I, tiL f^uTTTuj aOrfi?; in some Greek MSS wc The most probable oopjia which may be the rendering of 0. ' that gi\en by Kashi, in accordance with Job 10,8, to so that the meaning would be to make an imacr of the
.
find Koi
(22)
Al
ill
+ ::c?v
4-
(23)
10
(29.30)
Jer.
fact that vv. 29 and 30 arc not original has been (-icun_\ ino.sn \j\ iiu/jo. docs not give an niK anywhere else; and the way in which the (all of llophra is here predicted as not caused by the conqueror of Zcdekiali shows thai wc have here a vaticiniiim ex cvcntu. The real Jeremiah mentions, (43,1012; 15 46,2ofr.) the catastrophe of Hophra as brought about by Nebuchadne/zar, which .* is also the view of Kzekiel in his Egyptian propliecies, cc, 29-32. In
The
the conclusion of the biographical portion of the Book of Jeremiah is ii we expect, beyond question, the continuation of the narrative to the catastrophe.
And
this mutilation
must be regarded as
of the tragic end of the venerable prophet is supported by every external and internal probability, and it is easy to understand how in later times pains would
be taken
to
draw the
veil
10
(59) Throughout
this whole section the text of (S is very corrupt and in a " condition; so much, however, is certain, that (5 read v. 9 before vv. : position of V, 9 is by far better and more na'ural than in ill. and n
.:>
>
30
have been
(5)
Jtt
original.
is,
of course, a
mere
clerical error.
'
(11)
being written in Aramaic is ^uineicni ic .c as something sui generis, must be considered a very late intcrpoi passage 10,116, itself a late addition. It violently separates vv. 10 and 12, 35 which belong intimately together; but it is found in (S which, on the other hand, 'f omits v, 10, and also vv. 6-8. This wide divergence of ini arouse suspicion; moreover, the whole passage io,i-i6 is -. style of Deutero Isaiaii, that no one but a late writer conversant
V.
which the
fact of its
'
can be
does not belong to the very latest portions of 40 the book of Jeremiah, since, as is shown by the citation 51,15-19, it was rcgiirded by the author of cc. 50.51 as an integral part of the book.
its
author.
Ne\crtheless
it
(13)
itt
K^"lliib
p.
Dy.
17
(19) JU
K'^^tliib
45
(23) (24)
ill
K-^thib
pDW.
Jeremiah nowhere else
JU K^thib n2.
(19 27) This passage is not by Jeremiah, but quite late. lions the Sabbath at all, and is such an earr.
men
*
have connectcil "i.,i lu. JO f Sabbath such promises, even going so far as to 1.. Wc are reminded rather of the str.. it. Judah and Jerusalem dependent upon of Ezra and Nehemiah for the carrying; out of the law of the ); ^. c*
of the
that he cannot
Law
41,6 44,T2
41
(6)
-^HS-^s-^*
^cvimia^
*>2-K^-
73
It ill reads nai^ "ifprt Tj^h. any motive for Ishmael's impossible weeping, whereas the eighty men, who come as mourners, are the natural subject of the verb here. 6 therefore, correctly, ai'Toi ^TTopeuovTO xai 6K\aiov.
is
to
see
(7)
iH
ill
+ lin.
has
in^bli n^a,
(9)
which
is
utterly
(5,
with very slight variation from the consonantal text of ill, cppiap ^ifa. 05 merely Kai Td? Bv^faxipaq (10) ill reads HB^Jcn Dnxiran DJ?n Vs n1 nbon niia r\. ToO paaiX^uuq. The conjunction is indispensable; the rest in i\\ is a needless addition,
said.
(16)
We
2^1^,1 ItTK. The corruption would be still easier to explain, if we could assume, with HiTZiG, that the original reading was, '?J>DC"' cn n^rvn ^tr^; but no Hif'il of the stem naw occurs.
bxjJOty rix
(17)
ill
K^thib DniD3.
Kai Alapiac,;
15
42
(i)
ill ifl
ill
n-'in,
0)
cf.
43,2.
(2) (6)
'73.
K^thib
13.
(12)
ill points i'ty.ni, and 6, too (Kai dmaTp^i|JUJ u|nd(;), derives the word from the 20 stem DIB?. The first person in has no weight against the third person in ill, which latter is the only correct reading. But S3, et habitare vos factam, derive the form from the stem 3B?\ and this is what the whole context positively re-
quires.
ill
has
Vn.
25
(18) (20)
+ 'neni.
K*=thib n^nynri;
n3\-i'?x nin^ b.
43
(10) ^^
ill
'fiaotJ.
30
K-^thib nnst?.
(11)
(12)
ill K'-'thib
nsav
Kai Kauaei. Kai cpGeipieT THv Aituittou of course, genuine and reproduces 35 Perhaps C5 read another verb instead of noj?.
v. 12'' in C5,
is,
The
original
(5,
^v Qv;
cf.
44
(3)
itt
is
which
(9)
iH VC3.
(11.12-'';
and to be right in reading the suffix pronoun of the third person singular, as against the second person plural of 6. 45 Verses 11 and 12-'* appear in ill in the following form: \n'?N niN3S nin' lOX ns 13^ \aa ntrw min" n-isB? n ^nnp^i'^ rrwrv ^3 n nn3n^i nyn"? d33 "'iS u& ""ajn b'sii^"' ^na ny^ i^Dpo len"' dv"i3 sins i'je' ciso y-ixs ^3 im db^ nii"? ansa px sn"? on-'aD ino"' 3j?"i3l 3"in3. on the other hand, bid toOto outui? eitre Kupioi;" ibou ^yuu dqpiaxfi.ui TO TTpoaujTTOv |nou ToO dTToX^dai Travxai; Touq KaTaXoi-rroug tolk; ^v 50
(f5,
In t'le words are wanting altogether. TUJv dpx6vTUJv vjilIiuv. Tiic "]? and the D"'nB' always form a sysygy, the mention of the D^tr would be decidedly missed here, ill, however, seems
better, vooi^ooto v**9-
AifUTTTUJ, Kai TreaoOvTai ^v ^Ojaqpaia Kai iv The text as given by us varies lae'fdXou.
\i|uu),
from
form merely
ill
in the
Here again
exhibits
all
the ex-
10
^^
37;-4I
c.
37
34
.>
have been nanutcd alony with tliem. The iry reii* ...j is supposed in 34,21.22 to be already knowni and therefore in which it is reported, 37,5, must necessarily have stood originally before 34.21 Moreover, the two verses which at present open c. 37, and severed from its connection with c. 34, are of the nv character, and clearly bear the stamp of mere p.i 37,4 from this connection and the placing of 37,3 after 37,5 are
\
consequences.
iu
34
Si Q^rc m^23M. The llif'ii of 023 occurs nowhere else. n2^, is entirely superfluous an TKO, which, alongside of (12) iO
(iij
+ nw
nw
prchensible,
and
is
properly wanting in .
15
37
(4)
i K'^thib ^!?3n;
SS<
if.
(16)
K3
'3,
which
r.si.
is
and
difficult.
KaJ fiXOcv.
(19) in K'^thih
38
(3)
(4)
S&.
.fll
only "3.
-f D^^.wn.
(S,
belter,
on
outoj*;.
all
It is
that
need would be
felt
froi:
dispensable. of (5) in D3nK, according to which the words would be part of the speech Zedekiah, and would contain a confession, on the part of the king, of his unworthy situation. IJcttcr, w ith , iTp6<; aOxou?, as an cxplanator>' remark of the 25 narrator.
(10,
nn^ff
ill
is
i...
...aional
Dt't
N"3in
nx.
(fi,
simi)lcr
and
better,
merely
av'rrov.
(11)
.fll
K=thib mznon.
inD3.
(16)
1+
ill
attested as "ip ^', 3V.;. well (23; in points r^itP, probably on account of the r which can. however, very stand with the passive. Much better and more naturally 6(ti KaraicauOi^oeTai.
n, which
39
('5''^,'
liiAnother tran^pusuion iiuisi be inauc lien-. Ebedniclech in person forms the natural conclujt regards matter and time, before the conquest of Jerusalem which
-'
'
*'
"'
'
'"
3*
is
in 39. 'ff,16;
(14';
in K'^thib *30
l)cft)ic
ns
IJetwecn 39,14 and 40,6 must originally have stood a statement of the fact that 40 tiedahah was appointed the Babylonian governor over the people who and that he took up his abode at Mizpah.
:
40
(S^
without copulative conjunction. Since in the (5 Kui laiavav uloi; Kapn<. of the narrative only a mp p ]3nv appears, the doubUng of the name v
-*n
VxyOffM;
(Tti
aW has
mp
'13
p:vi ]jnvv
e 45
"
be referred
in K"=thib
(10)
to
an uncorrected
better and
clerical error,
'D'.y.
(5,
in U''r.
ill
much
more
in
did<.
D3'''j;3.
(8
merely ^v Taiq
it(\X(JIv.
41
(0 iU-f
(3)
I'jcr. '2-11.
riK.
X^ -f VT>Vni
27,2237,5
-fS*--
^ivmia^
-^-e^sji*-
71
27
and
translated,
genuine ancient
tion in
and that alone, can stand as forming an integral part of the In kui tujv eiriXoi-rrajv 0Keuujv we have probably a corruptext. the Greek text for Kai ^iri tOuv Xoittujv aKeuOuv.
:
28
(0 Al reads
"^N "iK.
TT^ia-rrTO)
'C'ann c^^3 n-'ponn n:i3 min^ ]'? Tpns n:beo n^B?n3 \nn n33 mm 6: Koi ^Y^vexo ^v tuj TeTdpruj erei lebeKia paoiXeuji; 'louba ^v jurivi tuj cTtt^ |.ioi, the eye of the scribe having wandered from nJtrn to niU>2.
elaborate date
is utterly out of place here. Every attempt to represent what is here reported leads to the recognition of the fact that we have, in cc. 27 and 28, a connected narrative, in which the events follow one 10 another in swift succession. After Jeremiah has completed his warning and dissuasive words, Hananiah immediately presents himself, and both by speech and
But
this
to ourselves
(3b.4)
by symbolical action defends the opposite view. n Verses 3b and 4 read in ill: Dipen p ^23 ^'7D "lSNJn:U3 npb ^V nU"' n^2 '''?3 Tvti 'ix n'722 D'nn miiT r\)bi b^ r\i<\ mm^ -\b^ u'p'''\T\'> ]2 ,Tir nxi'* bn oK'n"! nn 15 b^2 'l"?D by riN "lawx ^3 nin"" DiS: run DipDn "jn. , on the other hand, has: rd (jKeuii o\'kou Kupiou Kai 'lexoviav Kal xnv diroiKiav 'louba, oti cruvTpii|iuj tov luyov Here, too, as in 27, 19-22, excrescences may be recognized paoi\^iu<; BaPuXuJvo?.
in the text of
(11)
ill
ill,
is
original.
+ "isxinsisa.
n"'tt"'
20
mj;D, a
iil-f
DTiJW
At the end of v. 1 1 Al and all the \'ersions have the words ismb K"'nin .T'OT' j'?''1, except 6, which has merely: Kai uixeTO 'lepe)uiai; ei*; t^v obov autoO. But the following words of Jeremiah can only be conceived as the immediate answer to the symbolical action of Hananiah it would be utter nonsense to suppose that the prophet 25 after this action goes quietly home, and does not speak what follows till several days have passed. Moreover, the introduction of these words by moKl ^1^^, from which the addition I3m^ n^DT "jl^M has arisen, must not be understood to mesm that Jeremiah, when he spoke these words, was no longer in the presence of Hananiah but in some other place; r/., on this point, 35,13, and especially 30
;
39>i6.
(13) in
(14)
n^trj^l.
(!)
Kai Trouiow,
is
undoubtedly correct.
iii'
by "rni b\^2 by
"iba
^-ity^
\i'?s risn:}
^nna
mt^n
n-'n
dji
imayi b2z
nssnnsi rs n^yb
BaPuXOuvoq.
nbart.
i6,
im
rpaxn^ov 35
51
('59ft'.)
to us as an appendix to the long to make it applicable there, vv. 60'' 50 and 51 and 62 were interpolated later, and these verses must of course be omitted if 40 we would restore the original form of the narrative.
oracle
(64)
At the end of
liT'DT.
passage A\ adds the Avords, wanting in , ''12T nin "J? IBJJM meaningless ISJJM can only have strayed in here through some unfortunate accident from v. 58; it is the concluding word of the long oracle against Babylon. The words in'OT '>"Qi njn ny are, after the analogy of 45 Job 31,40; HI 72,20, a note intended to mark off the speeches of Jeremiah from
this
The
utterly
Book
34
(5)
c.
52; they
owe
A\ niBnt?e2l.
itt
e/
scanidum combustiones;
C5.S
Kai
dii;
iKXauaav.
50
(7)
+ nnnun.
The
facts related in
c.
37
(5)
37 stand in
70
-'HB'<*^ J^trcmiaf)
36.3; jy.ij
36
'j2)
}\\
r n3trin.
li.i..
i\\
\-.
'.Eon
(5,
i.T"",j
ina b
npb wd".".,
2S.
more
briefly, Kui
reading,',
cd as
.n
tlic orijfinal
v, 28.
45
14^
These words, which ai. c K'nn f"> whole sense. We must at ! the grief of liaruch over the sorrow and atlliction which he must write has reference to the cahimity with which the people ofGodar'
N'n
V"^**'
/; TuS.
tally,
distort the
the ^reat
thinj,'
and
//id/ whicii
JUVH has
but'//
27
(l If.)
The narrative uf cc. 27 and 28, a> will appear later un, na^ arranged and very much revised. A transposition must be n. beginning, and the date, 28,1, be prefixed to the whole narr.r
1
I;i
ill.
27 begins with the words, (Q'^rc: in*WK') wmj<' ]2 D'pMn* raVtir; rTK^S, which irs has long been recognized as a palpable error, since in v. 3 / : .. as the king then reigning in Jerusalem. The error may have ....
c.
' '
'
is
quite correct.
(5
has no superscription at
all,
but
':
->
27 with V. 2: ouToiq eiire Kupioq* Troinoov J^ocauTip] b<TMOu? xal kXoiou^. date in the superscription is indispensable. Since, however, c. 28, which forms the immediate continuation of c. 27, at least does not need a
'
iJut
"
<
culties are
(i)
(2)
c. 27 removed if we simply transfer the words of 28, i to the Instead of n3W3 the Q*r6 reads n3W3; cf. ad yz,\ (p. 63). ^S 6 has, correctly, only in '^K, contrary to the style of the narrative sections.
ouTiuq
(6)
elite Kupio(;.
rh7i
ms^MH
^3 nw.
<6,
better,
(S.
simply
Tf|v -fnv.
(7)
The
is
(9)
(12.16)
where it is much ir prophet to depict the power of Nebuchadnezzar as lei Jll ornb^n, but the parallelism imperati\ cly requires xtuv ^vuirvtalon^vuiv u>iu>v, which is actually the reading of (553; cf. ad 2g,S (p. 61). -'" , -j^c 35 Here and in V. 16 the reading ofill;md all the Vcr
in this place,
1
not appropriate to the n.i person undoubtedly belongs; even the "hH of v. 2 is wanting in . both cases i3nr.
to the first
is
27
I.
therefore, read in
-
(18)
M has
<
"
-^
-
is
al)solutely im;
point.-.,
..
^
therefore
".s;,
:
left,
the imperfect WU\ The out after the final ' of "rh^b.
(19 22)
therefore, the choice between the latter is the more probable; the initial
of
WO dropped
^33
Verses 19-22 aj.pear in ill in the following form: C'lcyn rs .-.<35 n'."!' rs: 2 rn^n rps n'lrur: cVsn t' Vp^ r'^y^i^'y Vyi o'n hf\ 45 -[bo -iSKin^na unpb nh -wh'" n'5'3' rn wt^a n'jjrn'i min' nn b: tki nV33 oVrr.'o mr.' iVo D7"..t p (Q'rfi TJr)
nb33-c'rr-.-'.'i
'rS
r'HZ.t
""
"
"" "'"
dw
c" '"r^
-^''
"'I'
''"''
"^'^' '-^-""
evidently owes has in fact the following shorter form, which the opening words have been s(
and
prolixity
its is
origin to latrr
tljc
re^i
certainly
Bnt^i'XtiJva tiot
'"
19,236,28
ig
(2)
ill
iJl
--fi3<-^*
^cxtmia^ ^^>s*3<>^
69
K^thib niDinn.
(11)
+ inp^
V.
just as
]>iit (5 lias TruXri<; tik xPOeie. DlpO 1^ND nap"" nenai. These words, which are identical with 7,32'', 6 with 7,32-'*, here unnaturally separate the correlative clauses, and
destroy the connection entirely. By changing their position and inserting them, for example, after riNtn T^j^n nxi in the same verse (so Ew.xr,!)), nothing is
gained. In 05 they are, very properly, wanting. This reading has the sup(12) jH nnbl, through dittography of the final 1 of vatyvbl. port of (T alone. \\'e should at least have to read, with ;53 c/ ponaiii, 'nfllV ,
(13)
(T
seems actually
to
have 10
has D^SOUn, but to take this as in apposition to the singular nsnn mpO is altogether out of the question. If we should attach the n to nsn", and read, in accordance with Is. 30,33, D'SttD nnnn DIpttD, we should undoubtedly
read thus,
ill
remove the chief objection; but, in the first place, nnsn in this single instance, while we have nsn everywhere else, would be very strange and, in the second place, we should certainly expect to find CNCB before nnsnn Dipl23, whereas (5 Ka6ub(; 6
;
15
TOTToq 6 biaTTiiTTUJv, diTo Tiijv UKaeapaiotv aiJTiuv dv -rrdaaK; loxc^ oiKiaic;, bears indirect testimony to the traditional order of the words. might be tempted
We
to read, with
05,
Dni<b)2,
but this
is
wholly un-Jeremian.
it
nothing else but to read SCOn, though thus obtained is rather feeble.
S\
'^D!!I1.
The
infinitive
absolute,
which
in
very strange here. According to 32,29, (15) iH K'^thib "ntt, before the following !?s.
we should read
25
20
>;
ill
K"'2in in-'OT
ViV"
ns
"iintPS nD''l.
05
merely kuI
d-irdTaEev auTov,
ns'i.
cf.
26,23.
The
read-
ing
26
(i)
The words
^X are wanting in
27,1; 34,1; 36,1,
ill
and
all
(2)
and
49,34-
is
wanting
in 05;
cf.
(5)
iH DDWni, probably a
mere
and the
parallel pas-
(6)
(8)
sages 7,1315; ",7; 25,3.4; 29,19; 32,33; 35,14.15; 44,4, agree in omitting the conjunction. 35 in K<=thib nnstn.
in has
nji',
but these consonants must have originally been intended to have the
. .
.
aura), as in 36,8. pronunciation niS, % 0VJveTae ill Dyn ^3V But an omission of these words in 05 would be hard to explain, while, on the other hand, it is entirely in keeping with the situation for priests 40 and prophets to take the initiative and incite the people, as in v. 11, where
they are the authors of the accusation, and as, vice versa, in v. 16 the words of Jeremiah make such an impression on the people that they turn against the
priests
(18)
(24)
and prophets. Instead of n'3^ the Q'^re would read the more usual form of the
very
name
n3"'n.
45
that v. 24, though it forms the immediate continuation of v. 19, is separated from it by the intervention of v\-. 2023; for Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, also belongs to the princes of Judah who here sit in judgment
It is
awkward
upon Jeremiah.
50
36
(17)
ill-fl^BD,
is,
which has been erroneously and awkwardly introduced from therefore, properly wanting in 05.
v. 18,
and
(28)
ill
4- D''iB'nn.
68
-<4{8-(
Jmmia^ >^
'
3,I7_1^I
'
l^b'.Q
infinitive
(Graf;.
(lant,
while up to this point we have a well members. (5 evidently did not read the words, and
diftcrent
somewhat
Kupioc; 6 eeo; oou. coherent and iiulepcndent passage, is certainly very ic..., of n can hardly be regarded as a mere variant; yet it seems to dent to abide by ill, on account of the strict parallelism two members of the verse.
,
had the lexl oi form: ouxi TaOra ^Trofrja^ tfoi xd KaraXmciv ot This yn^H DJO, as a more cot
a
fi
nw
'
..
,;
between the
t
r\
12
(4;
Instead of I2nnn n,
(S
may be
the better re
ing; but it is impossible to come to any decision in regard to such a firagment, standing, as it does, apart from all context
17
(8)
The
false
analogy of
v.
6,
which
is
altogetl.
instead of n' k^I; this reading of the Q*Td has only the support of f The K^thib is correct, and we must, with (633, point irjv nnVl. (53, better, without the conjunction. (10) .m K=thib i:-n3.
.
M
ill
(11)
(12)
K'thib
It3\
V".
12 in the
form
v.
in whicli
it
has
come down
to us
t'
can only be an
'
to
and must
'
nection with
to
13.
Hut
this
conceive of 13^pD Dlpo as said of JHVH; QXyo is a most unnati; for the one who sits enthroned in the heights of heaven; and in the n. Som^ passage in Jeremiah, 14,21, in3 D2 refers to ]c'
ci
25
'
been disposed
r/oi/s
to
phe
to
high throne from the beginning, place of our sanctum taken the sentence as a separate statement: The place ofour sand high throni' from the beginning. iJut the laiterintei; no connection with the context, and introduces a pc::
unintelligible drought; wlule the former, an invocation of j place whence alone salvation can come, involves an idea not to be the prophet who '7, 13-15) so emphatically pi
ic
<
n
*
Since
(5,
loo, h.i
i...
...,.,,
.^.-.-
uijiiuu^voi;,
AY'aaua
flMiuv,
we
are forced to
-.
them a
13
later addition.
Kw.vLDs extremely
But
iiajjpy ei!
,,^
which the
this
sudden
..
easily
tremcly harsh, and we should certainly read, witli 3 drop out immediately before 3. Without cither pronotn
liovJoo
and 4
The
is
i-
The
i.i.n
i^,
,1.
imperislialilc rock)
and
is
not to be
mi
c
4.?
expect here an idea parallel to the prcccdini^ ^OV All thcvc solved in the simplest manner by E\v.\i i>"s emendation W^?'; f""J2 then, must, of course, be connected with yiioi.
difficulties arc
OT; moreover, we
-^|i*^ ^^
^.
,
Kui
(xzi.xc,
nv.
3,
3i|2i 2,17
31
tiire
67
it
and omit
in the
second half
of the verse.
3 has
at least:
Rachel plornntis
Jilios
super
(21)
(22)
itt
eis.
K^thib ^nabn.
131 531Dn
is VO:^'^
is
(35-37)
+ T'3Knbi mn'ji ^inibi, wWch is wanting in ffi; rA also 1,10. Verses 35.36.37 are found in (D in the order 37.35.36. HiTZiG strikes them out as being in the style of Deutcro-Isaiah, and only loosely connected with the 10
preceding. D'Si is wanting in the
I-C^thib,
(38)
but
is
expressly noted as
n''n2 kVi
"'"ip,
and
is in
fact
is
merely a
in
clerical error.
15
46
(15)
ill n)5J>
Kb T^n'SK r]nD3
^\'yf^,
which unoi
enallage of the number is very striking. ing the plural, the former rendering: Dpb
QjojB j)o Q^.AJQ u.ajju.ji^
O avoid
ib^S"'
is
difficult to
explain, and the harsh the latter objection by readxbl -[131 nan^N ]n N, the latter:
lion
3 quarc cofnputruit fo7-iis tuns? 20 has the singular throughout. This, however, still does not remove the difficulty of *)nD3, which Z, adhering to the etymology, renders: xi oti 6 has preserved the original rendering, bid ti ^qjuyev auvev|jri(J6n 6 buvaroi; aou. duo aou 6 'Attk;; 6 |u6axoq 6 ^kXckto? aou ouk ^jaeivev, where it should be noted
oa^^kxpl juo ^^^^.^; while
stetit,
number
MSS;
25
speaks for itself; 6 ^K\eKT6(; is an explanatory interpolation. For the parallelism of D3 and nay xb cf. v. 21. points DB' '*<"!i?,) which hardly gives sense. 6 KaX^aaxe to 6vo|aa, and 3 vacate (17) nomen, give the simple and good reading DB^ 'i^^lP(20) ill has n^S nB\ as two words; but we have here a bobtip formation, and must 30 therefore treat it as one word; cf. the verbal form n''B''S'' \\^ 45,3. iH reads K3 t<3, which is certainly a mere clerical error. All the Aversions agree
= r|n
in
(27.28)
On
(p. 66).
35
2(14-17)
The obvious
cause they interrupt the connection, is duly recognized by Ewald {Propheten, ii^, p. 100), who also (/. c. p. 85) advances the suggestion that Jeremiah himself inserted the verses here in his final revision of the work in Egypt shortly before
verses certainly bear throughout the stamp of Jeremiah's style, 40 is the less to be questioned, since it is impossible to imagine any other reason for their interpolation in the book of Jeremiah. (15) Instead of nnS2 the Q*^re would read in^3; but the passage 4,17 clearly shows that we have here the stem nS3, not n2{\ The singular nnS3, found also in 9,11
his death.
The
and
their authenticity
and 46,
(15.16)
19,
The
superfluous words
if,
sions;
with the feminine plural subject V"lJ> is syntactically unimpeachable. 45 31?'' ""bstt in v. 15 are found, it is true, in iH and all the Verhowever, they be omitted, we obtain for vv. 15. 16 three correctly con-
nns2
'^ip:^
v"iv
nttti?"?
is-ix
"in'ts'"'i
50
Tij>T
Dnasnni
t\3 ""33
oi
(16) (17)
ill
ill
K^tWb
DiBnni.
^D^blD
+ i"n3
np, which
is
66
-<>*
3"""''9 -Mo-^*-
3j.-^-j.5
33
(26)
Jtt
30
15)
ia na
'2; (65
OUTUJ?.
.
8;
in Tnr.siDl Tiis, a very hurbh enallage of ilie person. 3 indeed lias luo, but, on the other hand, et vincula ejus. <6 tov Zuydv dn<i toO
Tj
h..
biaji^rjEuu.
In view of tVp,
wc must
wc meet
n) \erses
10. 11 are
here wanting in
(5,
wiUi tlcu
again, they are found in (6 also. They are, however, to bi places, since they are so evidently in tlie style of Deuter only be regarded as the work of an interpolator familiar
especially the sudden appearance here of Jacob-Israel, wl. out the whole speech only Judahlsrael is menuoned, and
(12)
cd in boili
liiat
'
they
'
in
is
this
15
polation; (6 simply oOtuji;. (16) in K'thib TOt?(2224) V. 22, which anticipates 31,1
and is altogether superfluous, \'erscs 23.24, which we have characterized above as ~ arc here, too, an interpolation, and are even less appru,
;.
is
'
wanting in
aJ
2-^,\').i
25
as they stand, they can only be explained as referring to a p. against the godless elements in Israel, which is here entirely foreign to the con text and to the whole meaning of the passage. \'. 22 imore
connected with
v. 21
r^^..
..>.
.;
."*."!'
Ci<:
...
31,1 seems rather strange, so that retain 30,22. But the ^i' mnecD
coimection, and
we might
^r!? in
feel
tempted
to cancil 31,1,
and 2;
\
31
(3)
*' because the whole subsequent address, after ^x^D' n^ins, 'nc. " r-c (8, however, foiuae Kupio? tov Xaov 'rs-iCT Kixr n' n^ej?, which is the only correct rendering, since the on of Israel is presupposed as an accomplished fact. The reading of jU 35 to be more than an error, resuldng from the form ^r rather the impression of an intentional alteration here in the text of (Dd has not been fulfilki! (10-14) 'tis evident that v. 15 forms the immediate continuauon of v. 9. '1 ""x address to the nations, in v. 10, is strai.
'
ill D^i>' ranxi -h nx^.i, where ">"?, especially, causes the greatest difficulty. Zif^x\ auTiu- dTduriaiv adbviov, wliich is, pracdcally, merely another division of the 30 words. I'crhaps the scribe stumbled at 1^, wliich would refer to /Knr* in v. 2,
(7)
'
'
tincuve
feature
of Deuterolsaiah.
is
'li.,.
..
..
pr'
buted
and the
12 are specially limited to grain, .. ... herds, in other words, to all the u that ^XID' and 2pp' are used in the widest sense t vv. 7 and 9 they are used with special reference to the tentnbcs, also exclusively refers. must therefore regard vv. 10-14
. .
,
Wc
and
(15) iH
strike
them
out.
has; PaxnX 50 repetition of .Tia ^p is extremely awkward. dncKXaiontvri oOk fiOtXe nauoaaeat ^ni Toi? uloi? aOrti?; J9 ! ^JLa Vi. Uv6 X,*
n*:3 Vy.
The
'
oU^&oa^
followed
J-Lij:
::?,
n'J3 ^y,
it
tlierefore,
OC'
....
because
is
more
in accoiv...,.
.....
33,526
-^i3@-^ 2^tmia^
-^-s^eji^-
65
33
sense and contents, it is first of all apparent that n^5Sn3n, which is found in all the Versions, is to be pointed as the Nif 'al participle, and taken in the sense of the Latin gerundive, the Greek verbal adjective: t/iosc doomed to dcsh-itct:o?i. D''3
must then be taken as the predicate to n''nB^2n, the rx before the latter word must be omitted. Thus with the smallest possible departure from that wliich has been transmitted to us, the text, in the form proposed by us, yields a sense at once satisfactory and in accordance with the context.
(5) (8)
(5
^tt'
outuuv.
b^:h,
(D,
(9)
DC*?;
10
(l 1)
(14-26)
which is wanting in 6, and is certainly superfluous. The words which stand here in the middle of the verse are, on account of their liturgical and Levitical character, to be ascribed to a later redaction, and consequently stricken out, as in the case of vv. 14-26 of this chapter and of 31 10-14. The whole passage, vv. 1426, is wanting in , and is clearly a later excrescence, 15 whose ideas and views are entirely foreign to those of the real Jeremiah; it is therefore to be canceled. On the other hand, an independent discourse of some length could not well end with v. 13, and we must, therefore, look for a fitting conclusion. Now if we take the passage 23,7-8, which is placed by 05 after 23,40, we find that it serves in both texts as the final paragraph of a long discourse, 20 although it forms a fitting conclusion in neither case. Indeed, the very fact of the var)-ing position of the passage in the two texts, would be sufficient to arouse our suspicion that these verses in c. 23 have not retained their original place. Here, however, at the end of a speech winch deals ex pfofcsso with the future of Israel after its release from the Exile, they would form a most appropriate conclusion. 25
,
+ DniN,
We
also
verses, almost
word
for
al-
though they are to be found in all the \'ersions, they are absolutely inappropriate and interrupt the connection very sensibly. On the other hand, their occurrence in all the witnesses speaks in favor of their authenticity which is, in fact, not to be questioned. 30 The form in which these verses appear herO) is produced by a combination of cc. 16 and 23. In 16,14, iW has nij? nos;; n"?!, against T,p IIDK"' b\ 23,7; but (D has in both places kui ouk ^poOaiv tri. In in the second verse (16,15; reads: D'TiUE'ni -ty Dn"'nn ne'x nisii^n !?doi pes pxo bxic." '':3 ns n'?j>n lex nin"" ^n d ^3 cni^K*? "nnj ntrs cn^2^N bj?. has the same text except that it reads tov oIkov 35 lapai-jX, instead of 'r.snc'' -i^ TK, and ^Eujaenaav instead of nnnn; 23,8, however, in has nisiKn ^:di n:ias ^nD ^sniy- n^a yn? n K"'2n niyNi nbyn ni?N nin^ ^n dx "3 nnois !?>' \ya''\ D Cnmn n^N; and (5: dWa Z\] KOpioq 61; ouvriYa-fe irdv to airepiaa
:
icrpariX
diro "^^c Po^^ct Kai dTro Traooiv tujv \\iip(iiv ou ^tiJuaev auToOi; ^Kei, Koi
ei(;
direKaT^axncrcv auTou?
N''2n ^trsi n'rj^n
The use
nrs, in A\
simply n^vn
C5
"itps,
which
is
in
agreement with
(here ouvfyfa-fe, while in the preceding verse n^j?n is rendered by dvi'iYOTe). The reading of irdv to OTr^pua lapar|\ is certainly preferable to the J>n ^3 riN
b^'-\V^
rcz ofJH, since the two exiled kingdoms of Israel andjudah are here referred to. 45 For the conclusion of the verses we have adhered as closely as possible to 16,15.
Instead of D-nmn 23,8, reads nn"'nn, as also in correctly in 16,15. The conclusion of 23,8 in is more closely conformed to 16,15, i^^om the fact that y\ST\\ DniK is read, instead of 12iy'1; cf. ill cnnirnv It must be acknowledged, however,
not
that the reading of in in 23,8 is to be preferred in that it has the stem iiy and 50 y^^ST\. The return to the old home is mentioned in the first half of the verse,
shall
always dwell
9
We
cf.
also 32,37.
^>A
^H3-'-^i> 2{x<m\&fi
<::.
32-;
53;
32
(l
is
enough
10
(n,
+ ninj>'2 iH + C'pnm
i\\
-iCM,
which
is
rightly lacking in
(6.
1
tLlligiljle,
(12)
.t.xdh. The whole of the following and can only be restored by the help '"couiplisliiiicnt of this task by SlAUE, ZAT ill nipcn -iBon nn ]nKi; (5 kui ibujKa avid.
'
.n
.HI,
ut
(ii.
cy.
the
a-
'"^
i\l
(14^
fiS3 with copulative conjunction. reads the verse: ':b:n "'ED TK'. cnnn rxi nin ripen ied
'J'j.'-;
r n^Kr;
'
'
r-cc- tk
- --
B'3"> D'D'
ntsy
lyts"?
cnn
(0
also incorrT'.
''
original: Xd^e to pipXiov xri? KTiaiUs Kol 8r)ai? auTo t(q dYTttov iaxpctKivov
touto Kui
i'vu
(17-23)
from a combination of these two corrupt versions togcUtci is given by S'lADE, /. i: \'erses 17-23 are found in all the X'ersions, but Stadk, in 7..\T. iii. 15. 175, note, clearly shows that they arc not original.
resulting
ar,
(23)
(25) (26)
+ mn'
won'
^23
^:-:k.
bit.
(5, corrccdy, irpoc; \i{, isx-nr'Si ts": cncrn t2.
cf.
35,12.
ti; x^tpo*; PaoiA^ujc;
ill
ill ill
-^Xi
6 merely
Ba^uXuj
cnir; rxi
n'.sic".
(5
(35)
(36)
(43)
+ -in^ cs: Dnn^ ntryc2 tx o'D'prts "ik ^kid^ 'aa '2. The^t from the fact that hvc^3^ "32 has not the same meaning here line, and are rightly lacking in lO. iU K'^thib "onn, which is immediately followed by TK. jn D'iClX crx. .Since the reference here can only be 10 himself in vv. 2425, the reading of (6, oO X^ftic, must be jH nncx cn, (D oO X^-feiq.
llll^^l(<
..
is
ui
jeremuui
33
(2-3.
would be
ni.T nb'y.
(4) (4-5;
and, following him, liRAl' have suicken <n:i vv. 2-3 as better, moreover, to read, with (Ti nouiiv -n^si v".xr
.,
'2 is universally attested; but after cutting out vv. 2-3, '3 also muit conjectural restoration of this utterly corrupt p.isaj,;e. .<!! re.tl>: ":"" tz -y c^ncrn rx cn'?n^ q*.s25 :2"!nn ^ni n'rVcn "tk cvrir ::;,-;'. i ';'; Ui>j\ 'i>^ v.
na
y//t'
licstructac
sunt
(5
et
ad
cum
toOk;
Chaldatis.
TiDv
also,
louba
2"inn
Ku6r)piiM^vujv
\ixpQ.\'.ac^
Koi
npo^uxluva^
5 t
XuXbaious.
wliat
^m
A
-
the
absolutely nr to adopt the suggestion of K''"-''.s / aftpiuired to flight with the iis.
traditional
<
'W\c
....>.
read 'm; Hut this <>..: difliculty of v. 4'', and even though the whole pa down in its final form after the destruction of with the supposition that Jeremiah wa- ''' and cannot, therefore, allude to the ..
accomplished. It is clear, to begin with, that only llie r.--"" and the houses of Jerusalem the
1
~'
Iwvc
(.
the
in
and swords of luSuirung then from this fixed \" with a view to obtaining from it a form which
fordficauons
4.
V.
will
be
23,3332,8
-'^ii3<^^*
3<^rcwtta^
-ec-o^H-'-
63
to a
23
(33)
-fi
'<V'?""'?"^l!?,
^vhich
(5
is
utterly unintelligible,
A.fiu,ua
and
is
of the words.
{37]
uuic ^are to
= t<en
due solely
wrong
division
cnx.
-^ "!er, but, according to v. 35, we must, with .5" v^i^p'^- read nexn. The corresponding words are altogether wanting in owing to a corruption of the text;
(39)
but the Hexaplar text supplies from outuj^ dpeixe. Jit points and reads Nb'i nrr 'riTJ*; but 652" agree
i-fd)
in
\a.updvuj, '^Ajue yO^^ojult Jo V^m, and this is absolutely required by the sense and the play on the words evidently intended here.
21
(3)
ill
in
\a
hich,
10
when compared with v. 8, must certainly be altered to "icxn n3 liTpIS /K. The narrati\e form introduced by the later editor into
ing verses, which serve to explain the situation, has caused the use of the narrative form in v. 3 as well.
(4)
ill
-!':'
rs.
15
(6)
(7)
ill
ill ill
(fiif
without
a/id.
+ ns\
nn^rs
(f),
correctly, koi
T'21
Van
j'?
tov Xaov KOxaXeicpGevTa. issmrin: T2. only ei<^ xeipa<; ^xQpuiv aOxuuv.
ffi
(9',
(11-12^
unnecessarily, riTil instead of n'n\ are difficult in ill '(6, however, has 6 oIkoi; ^aaiXeuJC 20 louba dKouaare \6yov Kupiou), and for the last word of v. 12, DiT'^Vyo, the Q'^re would read uybhyii. These two verses do not suit here at all, since in v. 13
is addressed; they are an interpolation based on chapter and especially on 22,3, and must, therefore, be omitted.
v.
14 of this
20
(14^0
(17)
EWALD long since rightly saw that, in the passage 20,7-20, vv. 14-20 should precede vv. 7-13. ill3 have omi? 'Jnrilc k"? ib^X; (55 6ti oOk d-rreKTeiv^ pLe iv \xf\Tpa. What follows shows that not Dmo, but Dm2 is the original and correct reading. Since it did not lie within the power of any human being to bring this to pass, 30 least of all in the power of the VH, who, in accordance with Oriental custom, had no access to the lying-in room, and whose sole task it was to convey the news of the happy birth, we must point "'innio as the second person and take it as an address to Jhvh. Then "WH also, at the beginning of the verse, must be
altered to nab.
35
its
(13)
\ery singular transition to the tone of the Psalms (c/. especially the charactciistic use of ]V2t<}, must be regarded as a later addition; v. 12 forms a sufficient conclusion, requiring no further.
32
(i)
Instead of niwa, the Q'^re would read here naws as in 28, is allowed to stand.
\'crses
1''
i,
although
in
46,2 and 40
and
2*^5
stantial historical additions, quite in the style of the biographical portions of the Book of Jeremiah, and arc merely intended to explain the situation in the follow-
ing chapter.
(2) (4) (6)
ill
ill
ill,
45
+ N'2in.
K'^thib
li'J,',
Q^re vyy.
adhering
reads, ids'?
^"tk ni.T"
preceding explanatory and narrative additions, nan n^n in^si- newM, while 6.S read, koi 6 \6to<; Kupiou dTevi'iei]
t/.
33,1,
and also
14,1.
50
After
ill,
words
|liou
"|')2'J3
'ps^
"it<,
~.CN, Ktriaai
xov iv
f'O
Beviauiv
62
8">
^txtm\a9> *:-<:<
22-
23*,;
22
(3^
-iH ill
Vs.
(Oil
(4>
K'^iliil)
r,2)f\
(6
(14
M
i\\
K^ihih n2l3.
'i^ED) 'iiVn,
1
and
all
the
to
first
made by
'
divide
words
.mu
i-
.id
]1CD
V3lVn.
(15
dopied. nx2, for which many dift'ercnt exphmations have been offered. Tljc whole context requires a proper name. (S, in the majority of \ has ^v A) I ">": which graphically indeed agrees closely with the tradit '. ,q material considerations the reading of (D-^, and its daughter,
i\l
'
22,39, that
is preferable, since wc know, on the reliable a Ahab was actually possessed with a mania for b archetype of ill the name was probably written 2nj2,
tv
Axaap = 2xn8<3,
'
V.
{(/. in
14'*,
this
connection 'nam
to
v.
2i
and
tll^
imd.
was corrupted
nx2.
(23
ill
K'-'lhib Tiat?'.
in K'-thib -niapo.
ill
K'-thib.
has, according to 1j.\er-Dfxit2sch, Pan:, wliile usually 'nana apj" > This is, of course, a clerical error for rnaa, KaTaanvdlixq
^<
(25
(26
again an incorrect writing for rnasj. ill-frav ill ~*2V S, better, without the copulative conjunction. ill has mnx psn, which is grammati:ally objectionable;
this
r/.
2,21.
23
(10
In 9,
ill
1.
the verse begins with the words wanting in (6 These words are superfluous; they destroy the par
px"
^
"KTC
"
'i'- '-'
'"
(17
The reproach is here too special, and. which cannot be imputed to the false prophets. 'I'hc curse forms the immediate continuation of ///c- Ao/y words of jHl'H. in has nin"" nan "^sae^ niex C'.bin; (5, on the other hand, X^to"o Houufevoi? Tov Xoyov Kopi'ovi = n\T' 121 'SxaeV, which is much belter as,
are singular.
sibility for
natural.
(18
in '0; 5,
Instead of
is
and apparenUy also Z. has the copulative nan the Q*^rc would read here n2"^
5(1(5'-.
>n.
"'
supported by
The reading
of the
K
m<
is attested by the oldest Hcxaplar MSS t(^ fivuiTloaxo t6v Xdrov w ords are altogether wanting in the genuine text of <5. ' -r ill has yec^*;; but according to v. 22 wc m
and
<
(I0-2O
\'erscs 19
<nly
and
20,
\\i
.
<
are not 40
suspicious on account of the expression D*D'n r'"*.nK3, but nection between vv. iS and 21. The only way of ob'
sense from them would be to regard thciu .1l)roj)hclic word revealed by (iod, to show how
<
"t
tl
"
they were true prophets, but how in fact they do not preach; but t! trcmcly forced; cf. Sr.w.RK, ZAT. xi, 248 ff. (28) jn mbri; (5, better, to ^vuitviov qutoO. l-x\\^ irn^c toiV rr^T^Tf^: (32) ill "ipc? msVn 'i<2a Vj? 'aan; <6 ^ui toOto Ibou
trpoquiTtuovTai; ^vinrvia |iubf|, and 0'H'2an is The reading of jD Iclism with \ v. 30 and 31. where we find the same i<;
' '
45
ab
i.-
l)ro')hets.
true;
cf.
<iii
and 27,9
24,845,39
6i
24
;
(9}
which (5 rightly omits. which the Q'^re again alters to T:y;\b, itt adds nvn"?. The word is perhaps merely a dittogram from rij^lt"?; in any case, such a use of "j;! is unexampled.
i\\
"::,
After
ny'.l'j,
29
X
(2)
+ iS^23n. in + nn\ an
jH
addition which
is difficult
to
understand.
V. 2 occurs in all the Versions, but is undoubtedly to be attributed to the editor who worked over the genuine text of the letter and brought it into its present 10 form.
jH
(3) (8)
+ nssm^Ui.
1B? one'^n
"pk
absolutely required by the context in place of the nrnbVn "?X. In c. 23 also, it is the false prophets who have dreams and use them as the vehicle of their false prophecies (23,25.27.28
Cobn nn
is
traditional
CO^no cnx
ns^S
15
v. 32); c/.
The impossible
final
form
(14)
D''DbnD
c of nns.
A\ K^thib Dsn^iir.
\'erses 16-20 must positively be stricken out. They form a digression to the 20 subject matter of c. 24 ver}' difficult to understand, and v. 21 is evidendy the immediate continuation of v. 15. The passage is wanting in 6, but probably because the scribe skipped from n'733 v. 15 to n^2D v. 20.
(16-20}
(21)
iH
ill
+ '^xnt?" + -\i-n3i3i.
\n'?i<
nixaif.
25
(22-31)
Verses 22^-31^ are to be omitted. At the time when Jeremiah wrote, the fate of these two false prophets could not have been fulfilled, since otherwise the fact that the passage has the form of a prophecy would be absolutely incomprehensible. We must assum.e that Jeremiah merely threatened these two persons wth
a violent death, and that later, after this had actually occurred, the fact was in- 30 serted by the author of the narrative portion and editor of the whole book of Jeremiah. The account is doubtless correct, and very valuable to us, but
certainly
We
must
re-
gard in a similar manner what is reported in vv. 24fir. with reference to Shemaiah, which certainly comes from the same reliable source. Jeremiah could not refer 35 in his letter to a document which only came to Jerusalem from Babylon as a result of that letter. This narrative also is no doubt correct in point of fact, and is exceedingly interesting to us, but must certainly here be due to later interpolation. I would call attention here to the change in the form of the narrative
to the third person, just as in the biographical portions of the Book of Jeremiah. Moreover, it is necessary in v. 26 to read, with (jeviaQai ^TTiaTdxriv), Tps in-
40
(23
(32}
stead of C'pE. K^thib yT'in, Q=re ynvn. ill nT' xbl. Jeremiah could not expect that Shemaiah would Uve seventy years longer, to see the future salvation of his people. With toO ibeiv, we must 45
read nisib.
49
(36}
-itt
K"-\hib uW;.
(39)
The reading
of
ill
and
all
the \'ersions
is n"'a\n
n''inX2.
read, instead,
p
(D,
^inx
according to 49,6; cf. Staerk, ZAT. xi, 247-253. iH K^thib 3iS; Q^rc 2'trK. We must, of course, adopt the reading of
if!ioaTpl\\nu,
ill
50
Koi
K^thib nutr.
6o
-^i9^
"^(rcmiafi
ii.u-24.fi
(8
35
18^
iH
+ iax
"3
irt'D','.
The words
arc wanting,' in
since throughout the whole chapter up to this point the (6 reads the verse in a somewliat different form: bid t
rjKouaav uioi lujvabup uioO Pnxct|l Tr|v ^vToXr'iv t KaBoTi ^vTei\aTo auToic; 6 irarrip auTiiiv.
^Trit)'i
ill
(19)
ill
+ vn'.^s + Vw-it?'
b:i
rx
n-ur.-r, wliich is
again wanting
in
(8.
\-i'7
ni.xas
mn'
-!e
n:.
The
]3^
also
is
wanting
in
15.
uui
luis
must be retained.
13
(16) (18;
The Q're
incorrectly alters
(T,
tlie K'^thib
n'' to n't^v
'
10
ill
.
have
drro KeqpaXqi;
uutLv.
(19}
liowevcr, nWX^D never means //tv/</f'r//(////f7//', Ijut always ^ as ni'ri^D means region of the feet, we should expect at least oa'mBrnnfia. Kor in its primitive meaning head a plural nWKl cannot be established, even Kz. 36,11, and we must, therefore, read na'tftno. ^ C'diVe^ rbin, but D'D^^r !" (83 (iTToiKiav Te\eiav=>nD^c' n^a, Am. 1,6.9.
ffi*.
15
'i>-
is very strange, and (T ]wn2ip rts'^ffin '.y^pn'j*, the difticulty and pointed n^piVc'. r^in arose under the influence of the immediately preceding n^in by dittograp'iy of the final n of nbr.
have
(20'
ill
felt
has
\<-n
D3':*y \h,
which the
Q'^re corrects to
wm
DS'i'P '.K.
So iij
D'K2n as a vocative and subject of tlie iw. has dvuXajie 6q)6aX|aoui; aou lepouaaXrm Kal tbc toO? ^pxou> but is kpouJaXnu is here an explanator
is
addressed
to
Jerusalem,
ire itscl:
...
right in omitting this word, but the singular must, of course, be restored
out. (21)
The unanimously
attested reading
is:
omx m^S
r1
^;:E' '2
We
are here in precisely the same situation as in 18, 15: the metre iAccording to the elegiac scheme there arc too many words for or-
few for two; and the question, therefore, arises whether we two verses or abridge to one. As in case of 18,15, t'**^ which can be clearly distinguished, is in favor of the is the meaning of the general and indefinite subject of npDV
s'..
throughout the speaker, and the subject of the approac blight change to ''npB3 removes both objections and restores a
is
HVH
<ns.
The
of the metre. Since WKl"? D'b!? gives the n the natural conclusion of the thought, the unwords x^j? Dn\s ma"? ni must be omitted.
ill
'
has nax
102,
(24,
.\ccording to the structure of the reir fallen out here, which, however, 1 do found in all the \'crsions, with its departure from the vocativr observed, is evidence of the corruption which has here
:
(25^
Here, too, the text must be simcwhat altered for universally attested reading is; n^n' 0!J \-i0"J'lD rja
t'
";
!?
ToO dneieeiv uud? ^^o{) read "ii^p instead of T^D. the nirt' CX3, which is frequently inserted or on.
.~st then by simply changir. ' in form, with which th' served intact in all the \'ersions. joins na'
'
Wc
need no:
5^
24
:
:^6
(5:?,
better, t.m.
li.\s
"ry.
i6,i6 35-17
16
-<4*3*3'K-
^cttmia^ %4>SJ^-
59
of subject from that of v. 6^ is indicated, the subject must be the same here, I'iz. It is then at once clear that 6 is the survivors, and the object the dead. lona^. The words Dn'? and nn^ are both inright in reading Dni*?, instead of
dispensable, and, in the case of two words so much alike standing side by side, either the first 'as in C5), or the second (as in ill} might easily drop out; we
ill
and 6.
Schwally also strikes out the universally attested is made smoother; he also omits the suffixes
is here, as in Ez. 47, 10, altered by the Q^re to D-'Jn. It is related to vv. 14 and 15, 10 correctly omitted in 6. which did not belong here originally, but are a later addition; before the promise can be fulfilled the guilt of Judah must be atoned for twofold.
+ niltrsn,
which
is
17
^i,
iH nSTiinSTO, but A0I53 agree in reading the third person. C5 omits the whole of vv. 1-4 and the opening words of v. 5, the eye of the scribe having probably 15 wandered from nU"' (16,21) to m~'' (17,5^;.
(2,
AH
nn'':2 is
the Versions, so far as we have them, conmade the subject of I3t2: fiviKO dva-
tically the
and it must be acknowledged that this \-iew is grammaBut the sense and context would rather lead us to take 20 Dn"'i3, as well as the two following words, as the object of "i3tr. For the sacrifice of children is always regarded, in Jeremiah and Ezekiel, as the cuhnination of
uvrjoGiijaiv 01 uiol oCtoiv;
most
likely.
Israel's crimes.
In this case
we may suppose
is
intentionally
alluded to here in a delicate manner, just as the succeeding crimes are merely mentioned without being specially characterized. 25 All the Versions read, with ill, cmnsttt; but here, alongside of nntys, only nnSD
(3)
The same change HAUSEN in Gen. 33,20. The longer form "'"nr} is very strange
could have stood.
in fact, ^nnn.
iH,
of n25 to n3tO
in the singular,
is
recognized by
Well-
(4}
however, has probably pointed correctly, in which case 'Tin 30 nivf^. will refer to Jerusalem; cf. 21, 13. ill ^2. The and, wliich is found in AOZiT^SJ, is indispensable; c/. also 15,13. ill "[31, which only admits of a very forced explanation. (C e\ades the difficulty by a lengthy paraphrase. The Hexaplar Version, whose origin is not expressly
stated,
TaTreivuj6ri(jeTe.
probably on the basis of a variant text, Kui acpaipeGi'iaexai xai 35 53 both render freely; S y.;jii.lo; 3 r/ 7-cliiiqiici-is sola. We must, with Graf, emend to "JT, in accordance with Deut. 15,2.3.
reads,
ill
nnmp. A0Z,
better, ^KK^Kourai;
cf.
15,14.
12
(9)
attested
reading
is
"'V,
which,
following
to
Graf, must be 40
article
points ts'.l'n, A\ hich results from the corruption of ''3 be intended here, and not the interrogative particle.
ncte.
ir.53, better, neto.
(5,
""b.
Only the
can
(11}
ill
quite freely,
i-:i'i>\\.
45
35
(12/
ill i.Tei"!
ill
(14)
Vx;
C5
\x.i.
Dvn
ny.
(15-16)
\'erses 15-16 are found in all the Versions, but must nevertheless be stricken out. The prohxity of the latter half of this chapter is positively intolerable, and
C5
show
that later
50
+ '^XiC''
4i:j;
\n^K.
An
nn-'^x
"msi
]y\
49
emendation proposed by Hri/n;, nsij?*? ytt, \iuld, in order to give a meaning, have to read n2tp^ rtn*n "I'M. It bccins best, t! ancc with 4,13.37; 6,4; 13. 10 45,3: '3 '^ VK, whicli is prcssion, and yields at least a clear sense in agreement wit
;
jj
..
.^l
has nVnr.
.T n-.Dtl
Instead of
Mj?,
tliis
known
would be
iiiii>t
ei|iiivalent to
<
T^nn.
Lni'i
"
'
(5
liii
.
pronoun
iihi
-,!.ini!
as in J5J.
(26
iU
in
+ Kinn
(5.
CV2,
is
rightly
l.i
10
all
(zS,
i\l
and
the \'ersions
add
wm.K
S23
"[ho
ISK*"*'*!
"*"
TK,
n the first t ayainstthe analogy of all the other headings in tL Egypt is a special case}, and all the more unnecessarily, since, in v. 30, the King of Uabylon is expressly named as the threatening enemy.
(30;
'f
if.
S.
(3'^
+ in + nin'>
!^\
DX3,
which
is
heathen who
speak here.
14
3
K'-'thib
onrnps.
'A iH
(14.
which, in the meaning ib? bpuKUJV (A0i3), or /Jo^ yA i incongruous, and therefore is correctly omitted in (5. The con'"""-"" ill K'^thib ^lbl, which is corrected by the Q^rc to V^V,\
but the usage of the language and the p.i. with Grak, to strike out the 1, and to take ^'^K ccpi as in construe
(S
+ D'Jns,
f--"'
K'-'thil}
(18
ill
k'jI;
r^v
ouk
rjbeiaav.
15
In
rijjil
is
always altered
ii.
(9)
iil
K^ihib nx2.
has, in
(10)
ill
(1114
\'erscs
14 arc
1-
he
ouiiucii.
it
is
^tm
i.iu;
,i'
i.n"
.^J^
'
an unfortunate
frun
17
and ; same opinion in regard to \v. though innumerable attempts have been made
the
1
i
to
mal
ol lU
respect to \\hich the X'crsions vary the prophet and to remind him that
1.
of comfort as he supposes. Hut after tliese comforting words of (tod. we to e\j)l;iin the terrible outbreak in v. 15? To what, then
'
how
arc
words of
removed.
(11)
(16)
\.
15,
npT
\
'
'
continuation of
iH K'"thib
v^
>
'
*>
-;n'."i:
^^xi: qnnc^.
A\ K'lhib Tisn.
In
16
regard to
this
ill
(T)
1892) p. 22.
whole passage cf. ScHWAl has ^p o'C'.nin d'.2 cr' '.pc Kb\ no Koi ou un :
?j?
>
"rr:"r
'rz.s
'
:..,,.
:":'
48,4549.25
-*a^^*
3*'^^"*'^^
^?*SH^-
57
later inter-
48
(45-47)
Verses
45-47,
which
in fact are
wanting
in , are to
be cut out as a
polation.
are very awkwardly made up from Num. 21,28.29, and 24,17, and only serve to weaken the forcible and full conclusion of v. 44. Moreover, in accordance with the parallel passage Xum. 21,28, Tin'D n':a must be read instead
They
of
]in''D yriii.
40
iH points Q2/e; but (MeXxoX) and 5 read here correcriy the name oi J/iUom, the principal god of the Ammonites. attested is \\^vin. But according to the context, only Amnion (3) The form universally addressed. It is true that Hesbon lay 10 itself, or a prominent Ammonite city can be
(i)
nor .was
only five hours journey from Rabbath Amnion, but it was never an Ammonite town, it ever considered as such. Nothing remains, therefore, but to emend to peV- \^^V alone, without 'iD, is, indeed, only found in i Sam. il.ii; but here,
is
tliis
1
mode
of designating
iV is an excellent emendation by K. H. Gr.\f, for the "J? of iU and Versions. The context imperatively requires the capital of Ammon. It is true that we only find the form nj? in case of the capital of Moab, but there is nothing to prevent our
Ammon
also,
which, as
Graf
had no proper name, was called ny by the Israelites. Moreover this objection 20 can be readily removed by reading T'J?n mniT; T'^n is the capital, as the occurrence of the name Rabbah in parallelism with it puts beyond doubt; cf. 2 Sam. 10,3, and especially v. 8, where we read simply "lj;t?ri nne, but where we must
conclude from the context that Rabbah is intended, although it is not mentioned by name throughout the whole chapter, and even in v. 14 appears merely as
points again 02^0; cf. especially 48,7. in only '0; f] Xe-fot^cfa t'xc, eiaeXeuaerai
ill
25
(4)
iTi
eue.
This
mBNn
can hardly be
dis-
pensed
(8)
ill ifl
with.
reads vmpfi;
30 points iposn, but the sense absolutely requires an imperative. ^v xpo^uj iL d-rreOKeHJd.uj'iv eir' auTov; while (T^'J read C5 also,
(20)
(23)
impE. Vid. ad 6,1 Sreads Wl^\ There can be no doubt as to the sense. iU has niNT n'3, with which nothing can be done. The change to n"2, in accordance with Is. 57,20, (so Gr.\f) must be considered a complete failure; since a 35 boiling and raging sea cannot form a fitting image for a frightened and despairing multitude. (5 has ^S^orrjcfav ^6u,uuu6jiaav; but to read IJNT 1J103 and assume that n^3 is an interpolation from Is. 57,20, where also the words ^3V s"? Bptrn
occur, is out of the question, since in the passage before us the parallcHsm requires three words. It would be simplest to read 02 instead of U'2: ft'cir is upon 40 them; but the order of the words opposes this, since in that case we should
certainly expect D3 nJl. To read, in accordance with UJIcn (or rather liJllcni) In view, then, of the T'n Is. 64,6, nin T-S Uiea is also unsatisfactory. traditional form of the text, nothing remains but to read niSIC n2 UlCi, 1 and
iJ'ilj;
1
Jll
45
read, v.ith and (T, I'jsv. (25) The universally attested reading is nniJJ k!? TN, and (f) also has iruu? oOxi ^TxaTAnrev. The rendering lunu is the splendid city not deserted! would be acceptable enough so The view of certain far as the sense is concerned, but is a pure Germanism.
hzX; but
we must
Jewish commentators, mentioned by R.\SHI and Qa.mhi, who took 3ty in the mean- 50 nsty: s"? no'7(, is inading oi to let go, to spare, ip^"^ np :n s'^tr riKU V^T^Ti missible on grounds of usage. In spite of J quomodo dereliquerunt civitateni lau-
48
)nc thing at least is clear, thai # read here word; and this agrees with the structure of the vei Kui Tu uxupiU|.iaTa, we should have here, as the l ...... llic rca oou, ^mvoa, in which we immediately recognize itt "jr^Sit2. is correct in point of fact. While die boasting of riches and treasures i: a new feature into the picture, for which we arc which leails to no result, we need only be acquaiiu> land of .Moab, to understand a boasting of mountain fu:
tently ^Ji n'22l T1X1M3.
<
^
(ft
5
1
"
..e
"nxoa
was corrupted
in
ill
to
altogether identical, passage 49,4. "I'nyoa can only be a later \!...i.. ;.i..i /'t/i>/s. "ij,.,, ,,,,,, since, in the second half of tli- -.
<
,,
vx^jinuij.
mentioned.
A\ K-^thib
'Ilie
cf'es.
(8)
ill
ill
-iK;
12)
Dn'bii*;
1,
the
15'
ill
Creek
points
-ntf,
;ils(j
in both cases; (S kqI to K^paxa 'corruption of K^paua) aOxoO. which J. D. MlCH.VEMS correcdy alters to inb in accordance with
V.
;^i8)
ill ill
18; (A
V. 8.
K'^thib ''2V,
(20)
'2 (''-24)
The
utterly disproportionate length of this oracle against Moab must strike cvcr\ *' one, and this is llie more ob\ious, since the length is in inverse ratio t portancc of the contents. Hut since the passage contains much tluit is -^
.
and
can only be understood if 25 placed before the destruction of Jerusalem, we must endeavor to extract the it. Thb las genuine Jeremian nucleus from the mass of accretions that ^\ -i'- ^i been our course in our treatment of the text. In favor of > only ivsthctic reasons can be urged, but they soem to be
origin.il,
v.
13
"
'
i'2l)
ill
''26-27)
and 27 evidently presuppose die Jail u garded as having escaped the calamity; they cannot,
X'erses 26
in the fourtii
;..*
year of Jehoiakim.
'27)
('36)
never simply copied. of procedure in regard to his We might feel tempted to alter nn Tp 'JM bn, in accord.i: V\n "Vp ''X bn; but there is no sufficient reason for it, cspi nn;
freely
it
is
mode
<
.lUvi
39
" ^3 ':, and so also ^.?. Ci:? translate here freely. According to the parallel passage Is. 15.2, cwi ^rs must be read. ill D'T ^2 by. Hut rTiJ is undoubtedly a i'.iiu> ijmi and not .1 mmuu.u h-im, * that we must read with (8, Kai ndaat xtipt**- 0"'' ^-has D'iro "rpi. Hut ^3, which miKht easily fall out after ^p. b here ;ible, and is actually found in (fi.? t<iU ill -1-1^'^'."!. which between the two i> <>ui 01 place ami inieiiupi^ un "J'K
ill
>
1:
>
ne( tion
40
41
i;44"
ill
t-2X*o
"rx
vej: c-c,
nKT "rjr
dv:
i.x;:
r^i:^.
.\ Uteral
ill
ill ill
t-msa
":: zb n^n\
Likewise mti
'
from 4^
K'^ihilj D':r:.
has n'V;
(ft
.01.'
:?
1.1
!iiT
T.ir.T.i
-r.rx.
25,3848,7
-f-J3s-K*
3mtft^
-^-*s^--
55
25
34 must, following 6, be stricken out, and perhaps also instead of "'^33 should be read "'123 ujairep oi Kpioi oi dKXeKToi. In v. 38 instead of the very strange nivn pin, nivn 3"in must be restored from 0; cf. 46,16;
50,16.
5
46
'X
JH reads ''toBh D"'Tl^l; ffi koi Auboi dvdpriTe. The parallelism and the structure of the verse require here two names of peoples, just as previously B1E1 C"i3. The Lydians are too distant to appear here as the allies or auxiliaries of the Egyp-
so that instead of them the Libyans, D"'31^, arc to be understood; cf. Nah. 10 3,19; 2 Chr. 12,3; 16,8; Dan. 11,43 .see S'JADE, Dc populo Jmum, p. 6}. It is impossible to find any national name graphically resembling "'trBn. The name n''>3D, which stands in 2 Chr. 12,3, next to 'O'yb, is obscure and doubtful.
tians,
(11)
i\\
K<=thib ^n^mn.
(12) iU
(5
q^iuvt'^v
aou
is
precisely what
is
with "inmsi.
47
(0
(5
heads
this article
simply
diri
n"il33
$^
WOT
nw
n3T ""H 1
ny.S n3\
It is
cf.
expressly stated
by Herodotus
Pharaoh Necho 20
conquered Gaza;
in
ill is,
HiTziG's dissertation
therefore, in
Cadyti urhe Herodotea; the notice substance correct. Nevertheless it can hardly have formed
Dc
North,
text, since from the whole style of description {cf. that of the and from the analogy of the other oracles forming part of tliis group, Nebuchadnezzar is the only enemy with whom the Phihsdnes can here be 25 threatened. We must, therefore, look upon the reading of iH as the result of
V.2!),
a false combination.
(5)
ill
has
DfjOV,
(5
xai 01 Kurd-
cf.
Josh. 11,22.
clerical error,
^Bpiyp,
due
immc- 30
diately preceding
53 unanimously
Tiauxd0ei.
^8
'})
ill
+ nir"'3n,
(4)
ill
which three words later, is to be found nmys, which is altered by the Q^re to vr^^yi.
Is.
has
iXc,
ZoYopa^rriPi;
cf.
The poindng rn_5?S (since in the 35 15,5. with \arialion in pointing) is to be explain-
(5)
obm Qpuualtogether meaningless, and '"3, 40 which immediately foUowS', looks suspiciously like dittography; indeed (5 omits it altogether. should, according to the parallel passage Is. 15,5, emend D-inn n"n03i nby"" ^333; the copulati\e conjunction before miD3 can hardly be
in has n^:nn -rw'OZ
vai).i.
"'33,
nbr
^333
(0
which
is
found
We
dispensed with. -f ''"IS, with which nothing can be done. word or did not translate it.
ill
(!5
and
uT
(6)
ill 1J?1"'.V3, which gives no satisfi\ctory sense, whether we take the word as a proper name or as an appellative; A |nupiKn; cf. npj? 17,6. (5 has iljcfTrep 6'vo<; aYpioq=nnj;3, which is graphically almost identical, and presents a strikingly
appropriate image of the persecuted Moab fleeing in despair into the most 50 lonely and desolate wildernesses in order to save her life from the invading foe.
(7)
ill
T'n'ninNSI T'IPV2;
(B
53
ill
(though
consis-
probably influenced by
iininitionilui.^
tiiis ct
in
tltesaini.-i tins;
54
.:.-..
^(roniafi
;;
*S.'~"38
25
chapter has undergone a revision which has com|j|clely di'itortcd the orit;inal meaning. This meaning is plainer in (8 than in M, which exliibits a much more advanced btagc of revisi<jn. TIio form of the text adopted l
"
'
ihroiiyhoul on Srnw.\l.L\.
fi)
2)
in in
in ^- ^2.
(3)
itt4-'''?
:^'.n''
-121
TH.
M has D'2cx.
iH
-]
Dnycw
k'jv
46; \'crses
in V. 4,
Amiciu \ crsions ^cxcepl ihal m Oi ycff* but belong altogether to the revision. Th unusual numljcr of strange expressions, and give a view of the fr
46
are found
in all llie
,
'.
and KJ
in v. 5
:i
is
+ cr"?
y\b
CTV
nj?t32
(Q^rc
nw
dkj.
15
+
+
'?2.
jH ninsD;
itt
(D
+ naj?
'?23 I'ro
A\
ill
r\hn.
(ii)
(12)
20 DTBinni; (5 better kuI ilepr\\nJJOw avrovq. i\\ has ^23 i'td n n'jxn D'lin n2j;i; (6 correctly Kui bouXtOdouaiv ^v Toi; {evf<itv. \'. 12 also, which (6 presents in the shorter form Kui ^v tuj nXnpiuOnvai rd lariKOVTU Itx] iKb\Kr\an) to IQvoq ^Kivo Kai Orioofiai aOTOuq eJ? d(pavi(J^6v atiifviov,
(13;
The same
and of
V.
v.
13'',
which
h.is
in
(H
25
which
(5
omits entirely.
introdi;
The passage 25, 1-13, in its present shape, was intended to form an to the book of discourses on foreign peoples, including those on Ha' 46 51. The latter in (5 are actually introduced in this place, and must v..
stood here
V. 14
in
ill
..
words
13^,
which
in
(8
plainly
>'i5)
on foreign peoples, are here retained in ill. then a further amplification laying renewed emphasis on die la^i luai uic "*" '>" " Babylonian ICminre, too, must undergo the wrathful judgement in n2 '2; (8 simply oOtuj<;.
ill
(18)
rX;
(f5t5S3
aOxoCi.
only koi el? jupiTuov. necessary, ;ind the redundant words in in arc an out of keeping with the situation in c. 25.
in
r^bbpb^ rfp''vh;
mn
DV2
ihc
addiliv^x,
->
n\ and aUhough
this is
confirmed by
KTOuq, the proper name Anihia must certainly be read hcr< '^ '5 especially easy to explain ill + V^J?^ V** "^^^ ^' ^'*^ditions in just such a passage as this.
ill
22) in
ill
+ yiK. + "^a
+
(/'/>}.
;
05
Kui
t^iuTlXtti;.
'2'?D ':2
nK^
2";^
oVo.
is
(25)
fSi-\
bs ri net '2^e.
'
26
v'X^ (w'tO ^^3^?9'?- I'lic ardclc words as not origin.il. Ci simply. iH + onnn nn' ^^c ^':c^ 'llie
jn
^
synt -'-
-j-
piccc of
(30-38)
tritling.
ScHW.M.LY
(Joe. ci/.)
tl
An
oiKt
.ii'^'.-f
-' ^-^ -
9,2125,1
53
an interval not less so. 'Ihe emendation liSIN, which graphically very simple, removes both objections. Ii''nii3ti'i2n ^33^B>ri is imperatively required both by sense and context. i\\ reads U^niJSli'O iS'^K'n, which can only be rendered: f/ny
(people) //avc aisf do7vn our dwclliii'^s. i. c. "li'TilSSB^O "lisVc^n, and tliis shows the
viz. the falling- out of the (21)
13
(!3
Kui dTTeppii|Ja|uev
tci
OKiivwuaxu
n.uujv,
first
text,
before
to.
Before
this place, jectionable, ha\e no meaning at idl in arrangement, so that, following , we must strike
25,32;
still
These words are grammatically very oband disturb the whole metrical them out. jn and all the Ancient Versions read mEfn "ia bj; pn3, as in 8,2; 16,4; also 2 K. 9,37; but tliis is not allowable for metrical reasons. The form
n'?B31,
10
cf.
niinxV ]0n vni. 03 presents this \erse in a is based on i|j 83,11 further ampliticd form: Kai eaovxai oi veKpoi tluv avepiJuTTUDV ei<; irapabeiYua that we might be tempted to expand irpoaiiuTTOU Tou Trebiou tik t'I? um^v, so
:
is al-
together opposed to
this.
10
(17)
itt
K<=thib "niiyv.
The
is
retained in this
verse also, shows that 10,17 is the immediate continuadon of 9,21. ffi is very difficult, but is the universally attested reading, ottuji; 20 (18) This iK^tt" IVeV irXnTn 'Jou; ^ lin'^mn nuviis p'^apn ^^13; 3 Ha ut invoiiaiUur. 5 quite eupeef) The intera different application: uii o u ^ jn o bOio^kjaj;. freely, and with which we adopt, tliat they may feel it, is that best suited to the
I'l
pretation
in bitter,
was intended context, although difficult to support by usage. The divine threat ~ that must be the sense of the words; they are im- 25 deadly earnest mediately followed by the confession of humbled Zion that this severe
which punishment is fully deserved. The interpretation tiiat they may find tne, is to be found as early as S, cannot be established grammatically, and is based on an incorrect understanding of 16,21. In this connection a promise is out of place, even one that is made possible and brought about through the medium 30
of a severe punishment.
(25)
This verse
found in iH and all the Ancient Versions, though 6 omits the inbrKI But this verse gives rise to the most serious suspicion. Apart from the question whether such an idea can be attributed to Jeremiah, it does not suit the context here at all. The words are found, almost literally, in vy 79 35 as the outcry of a people driven (vv. 6-7) which is certainly Maccabean. There, to despair by the frandc oppression of the heathen, and by devilish persccudon But for the sake of J HVIl, they are appropriate and psychologically natural. here, where these heathen have simply executed Jhvh's own sentence upon the sinful people, it would be utterly inconsistent to call down God's wrath upon 40 the obedient instrument of JHVH, in order to avertit from the disobedient people. Such a thing could only be possible, if the heathen had exceeded Jhvh's commission,
is
at the end.
and done more than had been commanded them {ef. Is. 10,5-19; 47,6-15); but such an idea would have to be expressed, and is, moreover, absolutely inapare a clear expression 45 propriate to the context here. As the words stand, they of the view that the heathen are in diemselves an object of Jhvh's wrath, the Jews an object of his favor, a view which direcdy contradicts the whole theology of Jeremiah. It is possible that originally something different stood here, since v. 24 does not form a fitdng conclusion to a long connected discourse but
;
it
i)resent v. 25.
25
The
ZAT.
viii,
25.
Schwally
53
--,.
^tx<m\ah
of
ilie
V."
initial
n of
Dj>n.
or
is
due
,,,
to the
form of Uie
text,
i;*
ii
,i,,,ii
either read ntn Dj?n 221D pno, or d'?iv n22"ic j?nOof the former reading,'.
^6,1
Wc dc
ii
6. in fa\or
j
in K'^ihlli cnsiD:.
K'^tliil)
7; A\
loi
D1D1.
in D.Tnntr,
but the asyndeton is here harsh, and quite inadmissible if the words form the conclusion of a verse. The copulative conjunction must, therefore, be inserted, wiili (65. lo iH + *op nz -'.sc? nx isri" ^pc -ry ,-:: ;r: -y, "zic y:; yiz r:: r,-i -y. ;cpc '2
IS*?
c^Vp ncn"? nVpj Sy of 6,13-15, which suit here well enough, but are entirely unnecessar>' and, on the other liand, sef>r t$ parate D'tyiV from vv. 13 and 14 which explain it. Since there is r d supposing that the words have been either unintentionally or intcnii"
i"?!!'
\y^^ "?
icj?
nsyin
': ht^m'-'
cVd )'.
'.;
nin' iisK
^bv:)''
amps
nj?3 n^Vs::.
An
almost
literal repetition
in
'13,
itt
(T).
Dnb
]ri},
as a later interpolation from c. 6. which can only mean: and I gave them, caused to
is
bejttil
'
them.
7i'hat they
evidenUy
expressed. It is give them, firing upon them, those ii'ho shall pass over them, that is: the who arc to execute the punishment; or according to the emendation
sense impossible, since the pi the future, and in point of language it would be most :.-.^ better to slightly alter the punctuation and read jnin then I
in
u-i.
enemy
... by ROTH.STKlN, onps': 7L<ho shall dc7'our them. Hut what is there to ti^ a fig tree or vine which bears no fruit, and has even lost its foliage? The inter- 25 prctation most suitable to the context would be that of A03 xai (buiKa aOToi? icui e. fruit and foliage) / had gi^in them, but trapfiXOcv aurou(;, which
(/'.
r,;.;,.,, ,,; vanished from them. This interpretation is based upon a n that the words hzi n^vni form a conclusion to both the precedi: D'SJP X*. nisna n'Jn \)^\ ]B33, and cannot, therefore, introduce an entirely new idea. H.
since the structure of the verse does not absolutely require a new must, following (5, omit these words, as a gloss intended to fonr
tween
(14)
ill
vv. 13
(8
and
14.
nu'*?;
4.5
ill
nyT lise nc^.e: nc"i!: -/riz "ir^^c-^ ^ktj tciST.. v> * iiand, rj^ii^'T^^v kqi ou bi^Xirrov toO ^m(JTptv"i- toko^ ivX t6kui b6Xu)- oOk fjecXov eib^vai ,u (pr|oi Kupio;. I'assing over the slight variant
h,is
'fii
nu^ cxi
"i
\^pa
((i)
mpn, the two readings are identical, except that the words a divided. The form presented by (5 is by far the preferable one, on bimi ni.nvii.ti and philological grounds. 6 dn6 irpodiuTTou novripius SuYarpo; XuoO uou. IR only *2? r: ':C2: but VifT^ is indispensable, and might easily have dropped out before r:
for
is
at
1<
>
"^
\*lhlb
moreover
'8'
ill
(fi
xiTpiijaKOUCJa.
and by J
45
is
rightly lacking in
5J and
apparently also
in
i
a-.
14
correcily. .simpl\
translate
16
uS
tlunigh the text were mn Djn n ^'3Ka 'iJ-T as the 50 jl& nJK^3m; but rt Kal q>eTtd(Teu)aav must be regarded as the oripinal. variation in ill between nJK^ifl and nJ'Kiar^ inuncdiately before " -s in has '3 ynw, joining the '3 to the follow'
ipialitication,
....
.-,
..
'
i8,i6 8,3
18
idea
is
-"^js-is-sc*
3*^'^'^*"'^^
>-*K-5'-
51
certainly most appropriate and in accordance with the connection; Init the words do not suit the metre, and it cannot be supposed that the prophet would here suddenly depart from the metrical arrangement, \\hich he so strictly maintains both in the preceding portion and also in the two following verses.
We
must, therefore, while keeping as closely as possible to the traditional text, bring the words into proper metrical arrangement, and this can be done either by expanding the words into two v'erses, or by contracting^ them into one. The
compels us
to
KIB''?
in which the idea is invariably expressed in two parallel adopt the latter alternative, unless we expand the preced"'insc '>;, into a complete stanza by the addition of a 10 ''ttj;
second verse, and this is in every respect a less advisable procedure. We must, therefore, have a \erb which can serve as predicate to both halves of the verse. Since b^i cannot be construed either with ]li or with b, I adopt ^bv which is graphically the most probable, and is construed with both the above-mentioned nb are later explanatory additions. prepositions. D^''^"^^2 and ']"n
(16)
15
M K^thib
npnty.
have
l^y); but
it
is
more
in
the Tiyp strophe, to have the second and shorter member follow asyndetically. (17) ill points DK"1N; but ^$S3 agree in reading beiSuJ aOTOi? nN")K. 20 <'22) jH Kthib nn-'B^.
(23)
jn has
"Tion,
which
is
certainly
an error;
r/.
3,6.
the Q^re would read vn'l, \\hich would ha\e about the but would not be so forcible an expression.
For
vm
same meaning,
(2)
simply dKoOaaxe' Xoyov Kupiou -rraaa 'loubaia. Instead of this, ill presents 23 the beginning of this chapter in the following amplified form: bn n\T "W^ I3in^ mn'' n3T i>'aB> mttxi ntn nmn ns di? n"ipi nin"" n^n "ijJB'a ntsj;^ nisx^ nvT no m^ttn-' T\'\r\''b ninnB^n"? r^bun onyc^a n\san n'i^n'' b^. Since no reason can be assigned for
an unintentional omission of these words in (5, and still less for their intentional omission, the shorter form of the text presented by 6 must be regarded as the 30 original. On the other hand, it is easy to see the motive which would lead to the introduction of additions from 26,2. The general traditional pointing is 13b^3, which E\v.\lij cleverly alters to U^V^ ill + ^3, which has probably crept in here from the following part of the verse.
(6
(10) (15)
(18)
which c\idenlly npK^tt, and is regarded as a synonym of the more usual n''fit?n 2S. But originally the feminine of ";bD was certainly intended, which is always read na^D. C/. especially on this point, Kuexen, Verslagen e?i MededeelingC7i de K. Akad. v. Wetensch., Afdccl. Lctterkundc j. Recks,
ill
correctly omits
it.
35
always points
nabtt,
Z)^^/j(i887)[=Kuenen's Gcsainuicltc Abhandlunge?! (Freiburg i. B. 1894, pp. 186- 40 211] and, as the principal defender of the opposite view. Si ade, ZAT. vi, 289-339.
(22)
(24)
ill ill
K<^thib
X-'i'in.
as the word more commonly employed by Jeremiah Both words together give rise to an impossible construction, so
is
+ nnica,
in
such a case.
45
that, following'
(25)
DV
n\S''33n,
regarded as a dittogram of the final D'' daily; we should, in this case, have at least DV dl\
44,4-
which
QT*
is
29,19; 35,15;
50
(i) (3)
ill
Kthib
1X''SV1.
iH
CiXCin,
preceding
line
and,
therefore,
rightly
lacking in .
50
12
cellent
....
emcndatiun
context.
2<rtmia^
....
12,518,15
tlie
mu,
wliich
is
and the
18
^)
'njm.
5
10) 14)
in the
whole of
text,
tlie
ill
following passage, wc must debate considerreads *T& ^^xp 2\rn, which can l
'
"
.,s be taken to mean //ly yu/t/s, and we may tra. the snmv of I^' ha non that comes from the rocks leave my fields- that is, docs it ever cease to water Canaan? Or nto may be regarded as the well known poetic 10 V by form for .Tib, and, according to 17,3; 21,3, referred to Jerusalem: .//('Tc' ^ of Lebanon cease from the rock of the Jie/d- In this case, c .e ^ 133. 3> ^ connection is assumed between the waters of Jerusalem Lebanon. Then it is still better to adopt Ew.vLD's view, and to see in the rock
two ways;
nb may
..
of the field the peak of Lebanon itself, clad with eternal snow and visible 15 ' "d from afiir. This interpretation of the words is undoubtedly the mo?'
'
this
alteration of Ml? to
]^"]b.
sense clearly and unambiguously, if we ni Sirion is, according to Deut. 3,9, another
.it
name
for
still
Mount Hermon, which occurs also in poetry \^ 29,6; and the Anti Lebanon is " r 20 more appropriate here than the Lebanon, since the former is a' v ed with perpetual snow, while llic Lebanon attains the region of pi only in its more distant northern portions lying outside of Palestine. For iIjc reading y'Vff, (D paves the way with its dtro TT^xpa? ^iaaroi and 13 with dno it-
which, since a .vA////.v <w.v/;7/t7//.v- is altogether out of th< D'nc' or yy^. A presents here a noteworthy attc;.., sadsfactory sense from the traditional text by means of a slight change ofpuni. tuation: \ii\ ^YKaTaXiq)9riaeTai dTrd axepfoO tKavoO x\\h\ toO Apdvou = ^tp -jrn
liiaaTiuv,
to
a reading
'''Vi:
ex'cr cease to
The change
2y
not sufficient;
used absolutely is very rare, and p 2tj? Lam. 4,9 as a synonym of DDO in the sense, ^cna awny, ///<// tni'a} The second hemistich is gi\ en by the entire tradition in the form
(6
come from the A'oc/:, t' -"~ we must also correct ; ~ is never used at all, while 2M ocnn
:.
.
dv^}.iiu q)p6uvov, goes cvidendy reads D'np instead of D'^.p, an somewhat freely. 1 pass over here the numerous attempts to extract a sense from nnp ont. It is evident, however, at the first blush. hemistich forms, in its syntactic relation to the first hemistich, the uri ^KKXivr) iJbiup pKMUJ(;
;
same
it
tolc
its
matter,
it
m>
j.'
It is, moreover, extremely parallel thought to the first, a rhetorical question. probable that the construction also was originally parallel to that of the first " '^ c ~"f" hemistich. are thus led to point 0*15 :is D;p corrc
We
'
mountain peak is contrasted with the surface of the ?-i Sea (]nn D' Deut. 11,24; 34,2; Joel 2,20: Zcch. 14,8) was, for t' the Ocean, the great sea; and this reading must be restored here, il '" dries up from the ocean just as little as the snov is the water. D'VtU alone would be completely but since llic metre 15,8; Is. 44,3; Cant. 4. 15; Prov. 5,15; 14178,16.44),
*'
''
'
requires two words, we must read D*p. The suspicio; T! D<"ip n". in the received text is vcr>' striking.
'.
'
:ity
'
oft!
as the corruption of an original D*D 'i^HK canni ^ the conditions both of sense and parallelism are slricll> Iia* C'"text b necessary. (15) Here, too, a wide dep.arturc from the traditional VciioDs. 1 nViVo kV im xwvr). .-:'"' z)Vf (Q're ^Yyi) 'V':r rrrll?! ^*^
5<*
^^
"
..
3,612,5 3
Y/
ill
-^a^^-^* ^itimxA^
:-G'^h^
49
third pers. sing. feni.
is
has
^itn^,
rendered by J53 and explained by Rashi and Qamhi. ill, moreover, actually writes jmi in v. 8. 6 has ^iropveuaav, as previously also diropeuGrioav, but in many MSS, among them those of Lucian's recension, we find in both cases the singular ^TTope06ri and ^TTopveuaev. An analogous case is Tien
possible, as
18,23.
(7) (8)
nNim. Q'-'rS reads unnecessarily "ini for have K"\1, Kai elbov, which gives no sense. The and most of the MSS of group of MSS which exhibit the text of Lucian, and 5 oft'er the only reading which suits the context Kai elbev, iuo; and in (5 it is only a matter of the dif 10 ference between elbov and elbev. 3, rightly perceiving the impossibility of the
The
Mi
ffi
word
altogether.
has bpQ, which (6$S3, the Masora and Rabbinical tradition derive expressly from the stem bhp. In view of the large number of analogous formations, the fact that no substantive bp occurs makes no difterence, but the idea would be 15 too weak. Jll has But since *]3n is intransiti\c, we could only have yi^^ I^O'?! ^s in r\irini.
3,1, omitting
riK,
is
preferable.
(5
2'33
due
succeeding verse.
J correctly 20
(17-18)
Stade
iii,
and
18
the preceding verses, but are an addition by a later hand. This is sufficiently evident from the contradiction between vv. 14 and 18. In the former, the con-
Ten Tribes
clearly regarded as still standing. In the latter, both Israel and Judah return to Palestine from the northern land, so that Judah, too, is regarded as languishing
These interpolated verses have displaced the original conclusion of the passage, since a discourse could not end with v. 16.
in exile.
30
II
(2)
ill
points very strangely Dfi"i3*il, as also Z and 3. The only possible reading is that of (55 Kai \a\riaei^, polo. This would suggest ri"!?"!!, but we must assume that was the original reading, and that (0 and 5, rendering some\Ahat freely, on"]?"!)
it
to
(13)
have left the suffixed pronoun untranslated, since otherwise account for the reading of ill.
ill
would be impossible
35
+ riin3te
which
(>53'53
all
read ^v Kaipiu;
cf.
v.
12;
2,
27-28.
(15)
iH presents this verse in the form: u^nb-itea^ D''2in nnetttn ,"inite ^n-32 "'T'T^ n 40 "ppn 'Snn -3 ^'b0 naP^, which is so hopelessly corrupt that all attempts at
explanation must
Mi?l
fail.
iirxxo.
6 has
ti
r\
f]YaTTi-|,u^vi-|
dqpeXoOaiv diro 0OO xdi; KaKiac oou, r\ toutok biacpeuti]; This undoubtedly contains the original text, and from it the origin of all the corof ill can be readily and certainly ruptions 45 explained. (19) The reading of ill and all \crsions is lon^a, which can only be explained in a forced and absurd manner. HllziG's emendation in^3, on the basis of Deut.
34,7,
(,22)
ill
is
most excellent
in
its
classic simplicity.
reads ^no;, specially noting the scriptio But even J has thought defcciiva. it necessary to alter the verb here. According to 14,15, 1)20': is evidcnUy the 50 correct readinsr. 'toIn place of the universally attested reading nnu,
Jcr.
la
(5)
HnziG
48
-<*::
3"'""<*5
o"'^^^
unless
6.93,6
in this
of
in
to
T2
(Q'rc)
cannot be explained
vpn he understood
owini,'
way.
ill
"i'.5,
to
iL
incorrect con-
(</
moTptn)UT
(xipu".
The
word is not found in all MSS, and in none which arises through dittography of the and consequently the infin. absol. 3t^ri had to be
"JT,
;
(15)
M has
ill
but
1 1
all
passages 8,
48,44; 50
27.
10
(17
convenivum.
correctly KaBfOTuKu,
and ii2
(18;
nnp "yn, which is utterly unSince my in this connection can not possibly designate the intcUigible. congregation of Israel (so ?), or a portion of it, while mp, without further qualification, can hardly be taken as referring to the assemblage of the peoples (so
apposite
reference
to
v.
3.
ill
D2~'.c'ktk
TK,
3), and the rendering auvafUJTrj ^v aOxoiq (Z5) is excluded by the has cleverly thought of the stem my: xai -fviDxe {ypS) Tfjv ^aprupiav Trjv ouaav dv auToTc. Hut in this case we should at least have my TK, and, further- 20 more, m never occurs in the sense of testimony given against one. We must,'
apparendy
(5:
CTmy
'yii,
would
(21)
certainly
be smoother
in
if
favor of
'yT lyni.
altered
by the Q're
in
the testimony of all the Ancient nsKi, which only makes the construction 25
all
'25)
more dragging and aftected. The Q'rc reads wsn and I3^n
has 'KSn and
'2^p,
conformity with
the \'ersions.
The
K^thib
which
is
due
forms of the
(27)
following verse. iH points ^S2D, which gives no satisfactory sense. J. D. MiCHAELls proposes 30 here the excellent punctuation 152D for nS2 in the sense of sepiirating ixom. ex;
traneous matter, said of the refiner of metal, (8 (^v XaoTi; beboKiuaau^voic probably read
cj.
]n2t3
since ]in2,
mediately precedes, and nin2l, which immediately follows, are both rendered by boKiudtuJ, although tlie word ]n2D does not occur elsewhere, and vno would be 35 graphically more probable '.n23 p"!no, Prov. 8 10, is actually rendered urr^p Xpi'oiov beboKJuaau^vov.
;
,
(29) in DTiUKD
all
ITie Q'r<* and ^jo. must also follow the Masoretic accentuation, which joins C^KD to the second part of the verse and separates it 40 from nSD nna. nn: is not, as (8?5J take it, Nifal from mn, but Qal from V13 to snort, pant, of which no verbal forms occur, though it is undoubtedly the stem from which are derived mna^ 8,16, "inj Job 39,20, and D^'ni Job 41,12 (most probably also "Tmvni2 Kz. 32,2, the clever emendation proposed by Ew.xLD in
in
the
We
place of the traditional iwrnaa). iU \n5r, which mikjlu be a nominal formadon like ^^2 to read, with (ri:?3AI 'rf. also 9,23(' the participle ^Vi.
45
in v. 27;
but
it is
simpler
')-i6,
SiADii ^ZAT. IV, 151 154 has shown convincingly tliat 3 6 16 forms an independent passage, complete in itself, which interrupts the connection between 50 A certain affinity \*ith 3,5 and 3,19, and cannot originally have stood here. 3,13 on the one hand, and with 3,20 22 on the other, may have caused its
insertion here.
5,136,7
also the
47
cf.
German
nb.
luufisch.
^ seems
freely,
but
well iJi*t.
(13)
M + ur\b
ntoy^
These words,
superfluous and,
moreover, do not suit the context. Speeches of the false prophets are not quoted here, and even should we assume that the words of the people given in v. 12 are merely the echo of the lies spoken to them by the false prophets, and, therefore, substantially the language of the prophets, they are nevertheless not words of with reference to which it cannot be said: ill omen, but promises of happiness,
;//(7y
theuisclves ! Moreover the A\ords \\hich 7i'//a/ ihcy prophesy Jiappoi to immediately precede in v. 13, are the assurance of what is for Jeremiah an al)- lu solute certainty, so that the wish that they may come to pass is utterly illogical. (20-22) Stade (ZAT. iii, 15-16), rightly says that verses 20-22 cannot be attributed to Jeremiah. The inflated and pompous diction of v. 22 ill accords with the tone of the remaining speeches, which is elevated indeed, but always simple; moreover the use of the plurals ITin and IV^Dlpn in calling the prophet to deliver 15
is
unparalleled.
K'^thib
nnvv
has y"J ^"13"! ^13J?, which the commentators ha\c endeavored to explain in various ways: they overstep the words of evil, that is, they surpass in c\il all measure and limit; or they overjlo^u unth evil words or 7i'iih evil. X0 (kui irctpt- 20
i?l
-rrovripov) read '''13"], so also 3, and apparently (T. on the other hand, koI iTapePn(^v Kplaiv ouk CKpivav Kpioiv opcpavoO, did not read J>T ''12T and took the inf. absol. ]''T as a substantive standing as direct object to 1"i2V. This sets us on the right track. j?"i '"12T must in fact be stricken out, and 112V must be emended to ViJ?, in accordance with Deut. 32,15. The 25 ^ pausal form of a n"^ verb with retained, which occurs also Jer. 12,9, must be
prjcfav Toui; \6-fou(; |aou eiq
and
S,
preserved, as
5
it
(2)
lated in accordance
of Zion. flat, but the fact that nDT has, in the Qal, the meaning annihilate, is positively assured by Hos. 4,5. 2" seems to have so understood the words, and Rashi
in which the tradition varies greatly. We have transw ith ill / annihilate the lo^'ely and delightful, the daughter 3^ The words are certainly disconnected and sound rather prosaic and
:
and Joseph Qamhi explain in the same way. X and 3 uj|aoiuj0a, /. e. WS'n, and David Qamhi takes the Qal in this sense. S rather more suitably: -^>oj 35 = *n''p'l, which is taken as 2 pers. fern, written with according to the Aramaic form, but in this case a h, or an bt< would be necessary. Ewai.d would avoid this difficulty by rendering: I mean the dai/ghter of Zion, which he takes as a parenthesis; but n&'n always means to imagine somethitig, never simply to mean. Koi 40 differs completely, reading HMJ instead of man and joining it to v. i ouvTpPn Me'fw^n Yiverai Kai b.Q;io.\^i.^x\GiiT(x\ to uijjoc eOyaTep Ziiuv. This would give good sense and would suit the connection. They evidently read nttll \cf. Mi. 2, 3) instead of *n^Bl, but the word dq)aipeeriaeTai causes some difficulty. A con"'
Cf)
might lead to the conjecture nniVi^: i^'^d the haughtiness of the daughter of Zion shall be brought low. liut n3J>3 is never translated by aqpaipei- 45 o9ai, nor nij? by uqpaipeiv, and the conte.xt requires something stronger than the
sideration of JH
It
seems
reading
neces50
(t.
ni|P,
which
is
(7)
"I'pns, but the same verb must stand in both hemistichs. '\'''^V> might be deri\ed from the stem mp; cf l^sn v^ 33,lo; Ez. 17,19; TDS 89,33; '^'^''^^ Hos. 8,4;
\\?
nip,
46
-;.:n^Siy; so also
21irfmia6
>-
<
4,45,8
(4)
M3
Ti'iv
(tS better ^h^v, </ Deut. 10,16. 6 freely I (rd? novripiaq OKXtipOKupbiuv umiiv, but in a number of MSS '^uinong iheni those which contain ihc recension of Lucian) we find rf\v dKpoPuOTiuv rfiq Kopbiuq uiiutv.
.
(6(?i a^jree with ill K'^thib ippni; so also 3, a diitograni of the linal \ of nD1. the Qre. Hut while (10) This verse is modeled on 14,13; 1,6; c/. also 1,11.13; 11,5; 24,3. in these passages the speech of the prophet is immediately followed by the di(5)
\
>
v. 11 completely ignores v. 10, the matter also, the words are K. 22,2023, Jeremiah could not say that the false 10 very suspicious. In spite of l)rophets deceived the people by command of Juvil, nor docs he ever say so, liowc\er much he complains of the false prophets and c<tntends against them:
ine answer,
we
find here
As regards
especially the answer of JnvH in 14,14 with the standing D'nnV nh (14,19; 23,32; 27,14; 29,9; and the DS'^'Sl 03^ iK't?' of 29,8. The verse must accord15 ingly be considered as ;i later ;iddition intended to exculpate Judah. Masoretic jiccentuation must be abandoned. iH joins nin to the (16) "'3n. The following words, but correctly regards it as containing the purport of ITStM:
i/.
(bou fiKaai. Since Jerusalem alone, not the DMj themselves, can be conceived of as the recipient of the announcement, h must here, as fretjuenUy after ItJH, ser\c to designate that concerning which the announcement is made. It would have 20
(19)
been clearer, had the prophet said DJn, but the simple nin is also used in v. 24 where we should expect DIH; c/. also Job 9, 19. presents in the K'thib the impossible form nbiniK, wliich, in order to obt;iin a form gramm;ilically possible, is altered by the Q<^re to nyniK. The reading r6inK gives the meaning d\*fuJ which is required by the context and is in accordance 25 with the entire tradition. This reading is in fact given in the Kaer-Delitzsch edition, but there, too, is pointed n^inh. nbim must, however, have actually stood in the archetype of ill, since otherwise the misunderstanding of the form would
^28;
be simply inconceivable. The context absolutely 30 K^thib 'nj?D, which is altered by the Q*rS to 'POB'. requires the participle nPoW, which is also the reading of all the Ancient Versions. In 22,29 \\'e have two certain participial forms ending in T. itl reads nJOD nity K^l 'noni ^1 'net 'man '3 by-, C5, on the other hand, gives tlie only natural and unconstrained order of the words: hi6r\ i\aXr\aa xai ou fiera-
voi'iaoi, iLipiarjcra
35
"'pn,
(29)
correctly Trdoa n X^i^P"; "^^ ^ilso ? in the London Polyglot. produced by the influence of the following Tj?n hz.
<8
ill
an error
(30)
K'thib 'OK.
in
(fi,
The
and
is
40
7)
P3te),
and
(f)ii3
all
take
it
in
this sense.
But most
printed editions of the Hebrew have P3tfK), and a few (ireck MSS, among thcni those which exhibit the recension of Lucian, have, in accordance with this read 45 ing, Kui iiJpKicov as a doublet. unneces(8) The K'thib D'Jtits, which gives perfectly good sense, is, to say the least, sarily altered by the Q'ri} to DVJ'O-
The
by ?3A0 C^2C^C I D"2Cd, but without obtainwhich can only be part Hif. from a 50 stem nv, which must then be combined \\ ith niO /o uutnth-f- about, which in Prov. would 5,20 is also used of the madness of love. The stem pw, which Ewalu compare (D^3B'o D'Pt'D'y likewise unites the meanings of mnnins; and Jtfut or rut.
diflicult
word
D'3tyt3
is
re;id
iH re;ids D'3tfi?.
2,34 4>2
2
of
D'^risiltt,
-s-s*a-K*
^eremt'a^
first
^>s?-i-
45
person
nine (so 5; S seems to have read nriKSO). struction as the more probable. n^ ^3 by
Our
''3 might also mean //ion hast fiof come upon tJiein breaking in, but on account of all this, that is, thou hast murdered them on account of all thy sins and evil deeds, because they would not connive at them, but rebuked thee for them; and this might refer to the murdered prophets The exis actually used in this way in 2 K. 21,16; 24,4. of v. 30: ^pi pression would, however, be extremely forced and unnatural. The reference of n'jK ^3 to "I'BiS: I have 7wt found it (the blood of the murdered) in the place of
breaking
ing verse
in,
but
factory. It
:
would seem
but in spite
edges of thy garments), is likewise unsatis- 10 be the simplest plan to connect the words with the followof all this thou say est: 1 am innocent. But here, too, serious
to
philological difficulties arise, and, moreover, this e.xplanation is excluded by the structure of both verses, according to wliich the words in question or their equivalent can only be connected with v. 34. No certain restoration of this corrupt 15 passage has so far been offered.
(i)
iU begins the verse with the word ^taK^, ^^hich causes considerable difficulty. It cannot mean vulgo dicitur (3), and it is impossible to supply a form of nox. "12T \T'1 has been omitted, or that "lOXM 20 The assumption that the phrase ''^
nw
jbcn in^WX""
'D'^S ''^
mn"'
is
to
be supplied from
v. 6, is
3,1 forms the immediate continuation of 2,37. It would seem, therefore, more natural to take DXO (2,37) as the I'crbum dicendi or scntiendi upon which "IDX^
depends. But the intervention of the words Dnb ''n''^5}n N^l is opposed to this view. therefore, in accordance with S", omit the word, though it is difficult to 25 say how it got into the passage, since it can hardly be regarded as a dittogram
We must,
It might possibly be the corrupt remnant of a verse that Dn*?. has entirely dropped out, since the context, although intelligible as it stands, would certainly be clearer if some such idea intervened as we find in Hos. 2,9:
of the preceding
to
my former
husband, for
I was
better off 30
(19)
(22) (23)
03 and js, has been unnecesand "aicn. 35 n3")K is expressly recognized by the Masora as an incorrect spelling for xs").s:. fivTUJC ei<; vjjeOboi; vjOav oi Pouvol kui r\ buva.un; xiJuv opdoiv, 53 and apparently also (T; Al TO TT\)'i6o(; tujv op^ujv, which gives a better sense, and correctly omits
expressly attested by
by the Q^rc
to \s-ipn
the copula, ill has D^-.n ]1ttn nij?3i "ipu'b ]3X. The simple change of the punctuation to ]"iDri is of no service, since the idea would still be very awkwardly ex-
pressed. No such form as n2J0 or nvaiO for nV'3J occurs, nor did the Masorites 40 In spite of 23,23 and i(j loi ,7; Prov. 12,17; 19, 5 -9, it is altogether find it here. impossible to divide differently and read ri1j?3i C'lpB';, and nothing else remains
(1.2)
Verses
i and 2 are an amphfication of the words of Jhvh in 3,22'', but both in 45 thought and expression decidedly foreign to the style of Jeremiah. presents them in a characteristically difterent form, in which-their un-Jeremian character
appears
still
more
|.iou
lapa^X, Xi'^ix
Ki'ipioc,
irpo?
\ki iTX\-
oxpacpnaeTai, Kai
Mv
diro
xou
Kupioc, jnexu dXiiOeia? ^v Kplaei Kai 50 biKaioauvi], Kai euXoYnoouoiv dv aOxuj ^Bvii Kai ^v auxuJ aiv^aouai xiu Geuj ^v In reality, 4,3 forms the immediate condnuation of 3.25 and conlepouoaXiiu. tains the answer of jHVH to Israel's confession in 3, 22^^-25.
-rrpoaujTTou
e\}\aPf)eri, Kai 6).i60i;)
Ziv)
':10;:
:>i:^
#-c<3
-^
-^s
Critical' (llofco
on
3^'***-*"^'*^^
(})
As
this
loj
Jil
K'^tliil) TllVX. -i-onnbl; but as early as Sir. 49,7 the words are cjuoted in the form Koi KaKoOv Kui diroXXueiv ibaauTUJ? oiKobo|ieTv Kal KaTaq)UTUiv,
ill
it
'xpiZoi
14)
nnsri; but
is
(5
and as
(18)
ill
rec[uired
^KKauBnaetai, as in the foregoing verse X^Ptiru unoKaiiMCvov, by the parallel with the preceding vision.
niDhb^; perhaps a
,58.
mere
clerical error;
t/.
The same
variant 10
occurs 51
2 '12}
20
ill
I2"]n,
which
is
in
(D
well renders
im
nXciov a(p6bpa
A,
ni<D n2")n.
npni, rnaw, so
^3;
c/.
This
intended by
but the
pointing
is
W2B^ and
and the
person
is
expressly confirmed by
?5
A0. The
2
1)
ill
K'=ihib 1^2J?K,
]Din, as in
has
confirmed by (DiJ, is altered by the Q're to "il-SW; so .lUo (T. 22,26 ri'inx P,K'7, which is contrary to syntax, and only occurs
very doubtful passages.
in rare instances in
ill K'-"thib
ill
ICDi.
20
a
K"^tliilj "[illil,
mere
clerical error;
</!
in! 1,18.
;27)
Tlic K'^thil)
'3mb\ ronfirmed by
correctlv ^beEaoBe.
(OSS',
is
30)
ill
I
Mnph. It t
(6
For n;^BKB (Siadk, S 302^: n;^BKb) r/. Dr. Martin Jaolks note m his p.ipcr 25 on the seniivowel ^ in .\ssyrian, printed in Deiji /sen's and Haii'Ts Ba/mjpe
zitr scmitischen Sprailnvissenschaft
,
vol.
;
i,
p.
471 below.
appended
l)article.
r.'
in
n^^CKC; n*-|'Dn
(iji
89,)
emphatic
1'.
H.l
'li)
tou liidvai tu.; 6bou<; aou, and this parallelism between 'i'DT 30 was certainly intended in the original text, ill reads n'.jT.rrnH nno^ (K'thib 'mtiS), which has about the same meaning, but is very unnaturally
<"J
^iToviipeuauj
and
T\\9^J^
expressed: thou
(34j
ill
lurst tiiu^ht
thy
7i'iJvs n'lV.
,
D'iV2K,
and introduces an
35 erroneous, or at least misleading feature into tlie figure. ill has at the end of the verse :n^"?3 "tb '2, which is read bv (8i n^K, iv\ ndoij bpui. The understanding of the passage is rendered diflicult by the ambiguity
52,2034
-^j-53<-s:*
rr'tt"!*
^*-sjeo
43
52
3
'IDS
f]DD itj'si
Tl1'
2nt in\
-lt^J;
iti'K
ni';?ittn
ni nisDn nsi
n^iti'
nnn
nti'ni
n^^ti*
"ipnm nn d\t
nmisyn
nn np^
21 mti^y
22
23
24
ns
D^nt:> toim inn nsvn ^n^oip njss mtrv "iDtr nmvm jn^n nnn mnsn noipi ntrnj vVy mnbi :2id: mysiJK j;^^ I'^Vi "1^20^ nex ^ityn m^v^ n'?K3i ntj^ni ^Dn n^^D nnnon bj; D^iiam nD2b>i me trcn :n^2D nDnb'n ^j; nxD D^:i3-in Vd nnn? ntytyi D^t^^n D^ibin rn^ .'n^iism ntr^ty ni nitron ]n3 n-'is:? nsi trt^nn ]nD nnli^ n D^n^is :2"i npM nyntyi non^on ^ti'iK ^v n^ps nM "iti^s in ono np^ -i^yn ]oi :']Dn noti* nsb nT Tyn isiJtti nti' j'?ttn ^is ^'-io D^trjK DV ns ni'cn ni}n
-iti'
10
26
27
pNinni nms
li'Nmsui
np^i
n^yn
"jinn
ns^i
n^si'oin
pn
i'pio
nj?o
ti^^s
n^tytri
pn
I'lsn
n^mn
nms
iti's
:nn^^n ^nn
nr
^n
Dm
^ti''?ti'
'jbh n^nnta
28 niti'n
Dj;n
nnons
D^Ji''7ti'
^;;o
n-nn^ ^ri
non
29 -iiJK-nDUi'?
^
mtry
nr.ttty
nitrn
jnty^tri
jn^itri
ti's:
nnti'vi
Q's^
Q^in^ V^tr
D'?trn'' 15
lij^-nDni'?
ti'Di
"PD
nnti'vi
^b^* nic*n
niNo moti'
adnata
tj'si
ntyom D^yms
mo
v^ti'
D'"nn^
m
ti'ti'i
]n.s-inni
n'?in
:mo
1^0 pD^in^ DD^ "pv^o
n^on
ittvn
ti'Ni
D^D^N
nvm
32
li^DD
ns ns
inD'?o
niti*n
^nn i^d ^no '?^i tyi ly-in'? ntj'ttm im^ :^v^Dn n^3o ins si'^i m^n^ 20
33 ^0^ ^D
viB*?
on^
is'pd
njin
i^
n-jtri
34
nv ny
nv
im
^nn
"j^d
nso
42
'"I'tt"^'
'
5,49 52,19
-ik-Z'
ps^ic
i'?2J
*2
cni
n:
nt:'K
7r^,
]'^t<^
ccl" bzi by 51
"td:'?
2ino
'D
D'd'te
'.Yinr[
h^ ^^^n
'?22'7
"^Knc'^
^"r^n"?
"ris
":
c:
:.49
51
i:ti'2
Hin
5
]D^
:c222'7
n\-i^
i:"?,-!
"i2
^2
nnoD
nc^.n .:yDtr s^
53
54 n:
5<i
n'?vn ^D
npyt
b)i:
"jip
b^p
p:^ n:{-iN "rDSi n^'?^D2 "^v ^mpEi ni.T cs: n\s2 cd^ :mn^ dk: nb omb^ 1x2* ^r^Ho n;y cr.D i^iin 'ri c^ctrn "722 nice ;2si ^22 n m.T 'ttj' ^2 :n'itr2 pKC "jn: i2tr'! "72212
'?22
"py
n2'?ii
nrnty
n^'?y
{<2
^2
n^ip
[:'C2 cn^V:
icm
10 nis2^'
cVti*
.s"?*.
mn^
cbiy
n^'?oi "?
57
nyj
i:l""',
n'n^nc
.12
"722
r.cir 5S
trt<2
n
15
in2'?2
n^pnc
:
]2
nDr<^' a >n2 D^E'?i pn ^12 c'cv '.>:*"! t.^j* nn: ]2 nnl^ n K^2in i.tct n^i' tjx ^2-"722
s',2n
3>
c
in^cT
2n2^';
D^2n2n
7:bi<n
"72
nmis ic' nniyi 'i2'7c'7 n'V2in n:'j'2 Dn2nn '72 ns im^ nso ^ "722 "r.s
jiN^pi
',n*pTi
"72
rs
62
u'lzm
atyv 12
ns*
n^sni
"722
it<22
n^^u
bi<
i.tct ne",
:'722 '7K 01
nrn ^n'72^ inn2n'? ntn n)pj^r[ ba m2"i nn m.T mcs^ :r!?ri nrn -iddh n xip^ ";n^22 hmi :n'nn ub^y niccj '2 n?:n2 ->; z-sd^
^i2J2
03
Dipn
^<'7^
"722
vptri n22
mesi :mD
Hill
^in
*? in2'7t:'n*,
]2 v'7V nirpn 64
20
nn^DT n2T
ccn c'7^'n'2
:D'pMn^
ntj'y
IV
"isv'i
n^'7y
n>nn
52, s
^
i^tt
nc'iS
"i2'7i:2
"ni^pii'
ruLi*
r,ns', z-^i:';' ]2
25
^ry2 >nn trri :n:2'7s in*cT n2 ^e-vcr. -.cs TiDM viD ^vo D^'^ i2^yLj'n IV miTi d'7'J",t2 nnM mn^ ^a by *2 ^mb Duyi n'Lryn tinn2 i2'7o'7 ny\rnn :^yz'z *n'i :^22 i'7C2 ^r:*p-i*
P:t n^^v i:2n n'by
',:n')
3 4
2'7triT
by
1'7'n
^21 Nin
^22
t.:{D2
-jVc n:js--:^2:
.si
y^2in
Li'-n2
nn^pi:{
i'7c'7
nity mtrj;
Dn'7
^ntry
k'7^,
ny
Tyn
i<2*T
:2-iz
o.n
30
Ty2 2yin prn^', *j-!n'7 .-yirri 7 ntr.s D\nbnn ]'2 iy:i* -in r^b'b Tyne \s:{'"i ^m2* ncnrc- *c;.s ]: '7y >-in D"TJ'2 "r^n iditi n2"iyn -jti o'7^'i 2*22 yyn by c'tj'2', -Vcn s itrsn^i :v'7yD ii*'Di i'7'n "721 iny n2iy2 in*p-i^ ns lytr'-! ;'7Dn 9 ']'7en ns :c't:2L:'); mx n2Ti ncn ]ns2 nn'72? ^22 -^Vc Vs ^rs 'by" iDH'^^^. ]'7D n ^yy riKi :nn'72n2 en'j* n-^n* nir ^72 ns cr, ryyb i.Tp-;^* :2 rs ^22
^2^ ^'yn
yp2m :]nsn
cy'7
hm
mpDH
35 "ibob
n'2-^
in:*Ti
n'722
'722
-jbt:
',ns2".
c'riirni2
^mos'^ tj;
:^n*,
'..TpTi
-c^cnn trin2i
cv ^y
12
:d'7L^it2 "722
b]i:n n'2
2-1
cbi^'ir
\"i2
"72
n.s*
n'.n-
r-i
rs r-rv
.-^-l-
13
-j
-c
nN
itrs
c'Tj'2
b^n
',^n:
2*22
ntT, bz
r.s* r,s^
:l-.s2
b22 ^bo bs
40
Ty2
2"^
'-;',Ey
'."^2ir
2'^sir:n
cyn
'\r\'
:c*n2t:
psnn22
:nb22
"bs
^'SL"n
psn?',2:
n^-nin
d^Tw"2
rs^
n^n*
:2'2:''''
10
i;
b2
rs
\su"i
rs*
:
nsi npnton ns*, nreten ns^ c-yn rs* r^-rr rsni nipiTcn nsi mnncn nsi cEon ns^ :^npb cn2 *.n"^u" -rs rrr:b2 nsi
m52n
51,648
-oii3'G-^*
n^ftT
^OBii^
41
Dini< ^2 msz^j mn^e vn'psf: 51,6 ^22 lino ^Di {"^siii'^ ii'npo oti'S n^'po D^tr'o in b)^: mn^'? sm npi ny ^d niix^n is^n ^ it's: tr'^s itsVoi nirL-o nin^ n^n "^^n ^nt did jh"? 7 i^'^nn-' "py d^u intr ny^
]D
pn
9.S ^i2-i
:K2iri
^"pix
nniKDO^
n^iym
"pDr -'?:
Dxns :-
12
m nin^ nop: ^d nn^ntrn'? ^pvnn Di isty b22 nbin ^k n^D\T nopi -im T^ ns nti'V d:i mn"' cot d:i ^d d^dish li^Dn nnDti* "lo^pn "lOD'on
14.13 j;^^'^
113
ps
nhi'is
mi
0^21 d'o
^j;
^niDty t'pnn
^d
iti*i2
^dd'^
*?
10
pb^2
dik i^niSVo dk
ntai
mni' mn^
]^do
16 n^o^'n
17
:D^Dti'
inin
18
19 3
nn i'ri ntyj? "^tso'? npnn ps ni'p D'str: ^y^i 'td t^'^in nync ^ddo ntr^yo non bn :Dn nn id) idd: npty ^d in'pnj <> in "pdh -li'V ^2 npv^ P^n nb.sD .s^ mas^ ompD nj;2 o^nyn nn |>2)2 no^^ mwn^ nin^ 13 'nnt^m d^ij in 'n^'ESi nn'?o ^^2
^D lyn: :rn-ii'ND
i-ii'
'b
15
-jn
^ni*2ii
-ja
"pd^i
:inD"ii
"ni'Sii
nsn
"jn ^n^JSii
i3D"n did
12 ^nusii :mD'?co
nvii ]p:
23 ^nsBii
myi
nyi
tnb)n2)
^noVtin
mnn
\ii'Dii
"jn
24 n3
n DntyD
'ntyT'
'rnn'?
:n"'2:iDi
mns
^ni*ii
DSi n^nt^'on nn t'ps ^:jn :nin^ Di 02^:7^ l^nnii D^'^Dn ] 7n'?:i':':n yb)} ^r n ^n^tsii 26 n\nn d'pij; mooti^ ^d nnDio"? ]nNi nis^ ]n
1^'^'^
pn
id
b^
inp^
iri^'p in"?
27 n'hv
ir^^n
:
D^i:i
n^Vv
p'?^2
itr^p
D^i^n
n^iD*
ivpn
psn
28 n^'^y )^i'p
10D
did
"^n
i'?j;n
iDstD n^'py
nps
29 typrii
nn'pti'Do
]n
no
^nbe
^d
ns
d^i:i
25
Vo
h
noty^ ^nn
ps
nop
'?nni
I'rnn
pxn
:niyi>
in<^n>
31
mn:
^it
p
:
nsip"?
:n^nnn
i-intyi
n^nix'o
32 33
nsi
lt^'n:
nnnyom
n"?
tnijpo
itv mn'pi
^n
b22
30
ny pJ3 bnn nn
b22
"py
^n'?
nini'
mn^ nos nn
Ti'pn ny
j-'inn
n'^nn:
tsyo iiy
non^on
34
n"?
nm
nnmn
"ii^i'n
"^Don
:^^innn ^inyo
ity-in
*?
c>a2y^n
pn
^Vn
36
3S.37
39
41.0
mn> io nn in"? toba^n^ losn ontr^n ^nty^ ^s ^om ]Vi* nnti^*' losn "rnn ^iin :n"npo n "nti'nini no^ ns 'nmnni inopi ns ^nopii inn nx ni list:'^ ancnn nn^ :nti'v 'i\Ko npniri no*^' D^in ]iyD d^'?:^'? "pnn nn-ni '\'^]!l D^.y nit^ liti'^i it'?y^ lyD"? D^mntrm Dn^nt^o ns n^'j'^ Donn :mn m^n - mn"?: 7 :Dmny oy n^'?\sn nuts'? onnn DTnis :mn^ DSi irp^ i6y
nn\n i^n
35
42 ]ionn D\n "pnn bv n'?y :D^i:in "pnn notr'? 43 s"?! c'\s 7n ]nn nti*^ iS'? <> nmyi n^i:
psn
"pn
n'?nn trsnni
v'pj
ps
noty*?
nny rn :nnDni
44 nn:^
n'?i
vco
ti'^x
iy'?n
112^01
ns
\nsi'rn
^nnn
isi*
no ^c'Di
46 nityn
47 D^o"^
n
nin
Jcr.
^oy nnino
m pn
in"?
nyotj'in
]di
:nin''
>s
]nno
:bvt^
)b^'
bv
^ti'o
Dom
n^Jis
nyioii'n
niti'n
vnni
6
nyiotrn
48 lini
tnninn
ndbn
^ni
tmn
^m bnn
^^^dd bv
^mpsi D'sn
40
ta<^*k
n'D-i'
^o*^:d^"12d
-v'rn:{n"i
501251,5
nnnx n:n
DDrn'?v niEn
nD ddc nc'u
i^.
nb:);2 50.12
nw^-trs
5
i'?Di
HT
Hin: 2^20
TlTHd
n^'?y
lym nwon
:
mn'"? ^d }n
^2
bt<
iVcnn ?
-c
in"o
iy^i
tn"?
itry
nn^'j;
n2
"icp:n
.-i^n^D"!n
idti: j6
liD^
iDV
]'?d
^
i'?2
tr\s
nn
nps
"?
ni:r
]i:r-i'
^2:n
"^K^tr^
"^xitr^
^n'?
r\M<2^ mn"'
i^:tp ny2 '?:c :rtn '?22o pit nr^x bn-\u' nnnc n^j- :idi:^ itj^.K"? io n2 p"? :'722 i"?!: <- '.e^j? ]nnKn
17
18 19
:
TiS
^n22t:'i
mtrx
i'?o ?
"n^ps
n:rK2
"^k
10 nj;2i
Dnn
cnDs
y'\i<n
nym
n'?cs
np
2"^ iipD
'2:i*r
'?Ni
n^'py
n"?!?
n^mo
:tkcs
ik-w"?
'2 21
7
15
'.bu: i2tri
"i"?
p2
:
nen"?
"jip
m2'7i DJ1
nnM i' ]nsn '?2 ir^es ^2Lj''i yn:: o ncDm dji nsi'c: ryT k"? nsi '722 :Dnty2 pN2 ni2:i nin> 'inks'? km n2'?D ^2 ^eyr ^^2 n :in nrs :nnxc' n"? Mn "? monnm D'0"^y 122 m^D n'D2Ko innc ]*pD n"? 1x2 d^d: b^p :DrnpD ny nor S2 '2 Dn'by ^in n2D'? ht .tie '?2 12"^
'ntrp'
26
28.27
lyotrn :i'?2'n nop: irnbx nop: nx ]r:{2 Tin*? '?22 ]'"sc cc'tei 29 20 n"? ^Qbu nis''7S -nS^ ^n' '?x 2'2d ri'bv lin nt'p '2i"; b2 n^-iy- '^22 "rs
ibs^ ]2^ :^Kiir^ tynp ? mt mn^ ^iS '2 n*? itry nntry itrs '?22 r:'?y22 D: ]nt y^s 'iin :m.T as: - iqt nncn'jo 'tris b2' n'n2nn2 n'Tn2
"j
tt
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25
Jer.
--H3.
cEnangemcnf
Tlie
first
of tBc
Zcxt
?*-*
Jcicmialj ilie text is arranged in section of the Ijook pp. I 13) contains the discourses which appear to have been dcliveretl durinji the first twenty-three 45 years of the prophet's ministry (B. C. 626604). They were probably contained
ilje
Hook of
IN
I
lironolos^'ii
order.
in
tlie
60S -597^
in
original roll written down in the fourtli or fifth year of Jehoiakim (B. C. <". Then follow the discourses delivered O04 '(-/! the account in c. 36
/'.
.
1316) as well as during the reigns of Jehoiachin (597 IJ. C; pp. 16.17) and Zedekiah (596586 B. C. pp. 1723), 50 and after the destruction of Jerusalem (July 586 B. C. pp. 2325). An appendix contains some displaced genuine passages of Jeremiali which cannot be (p. 26
pp.
; ;
pp. 27 37) comprises a collection of Ijiographical chapters concerning Jeremiah's life. They were evidently written after the 55 death of the pro|)het (which proliably occurred shortly after 586) by a person who appears to ha\ e been well informed.
Finally there follow some sections 'pp. 3843; written neither by Jeremiah nor by the author of the biographical chapters. Later j^losses and interpolations within the several sections are relegated 60 from the text to the foot of the pages.
The arguments
for this
arrangement of the
*
Genesis: C.
Tjail
Ei&t of ^onfriBuforD
Hahakkuk:
\V.
^^
II.
J.
Londonl
Ward (New
1
York). 20
Kxodus: Herljcrt E. Ryle (Cambridge). Leviticus: .S. K. Driver ami H. A. White (Oxford).
Numbers:
5
J. .A.
Patcrson (Edinburgh).
/ephaniah: E. L. Curtis (New Ha\en>. Haggai: (".. .\. Cooke (Oxford Zechariah W. K. Harper (Chicago). Malachi: C. G. Montcfioro and I. .Abra:
hams (London).
I'salms:
J.
Proxerbs:
(Halle*.
F.
.A.
25
K.
B.
Hudde
.Stadc
(.Strassburg).
Kings:
(liicsscn)
and
Martineau
E/ekiel
C. H.
Hosea
Joel:
15
A. .Socin (Leipzig).
York).
Francis
Ecclesiastes: Paul llaupi (Haliimore). Esther: T. K. Abbott vHublini. Daniel: .A. Kamphauscn (Bonn).
., Nehemiah:
Chronicles:
*:'"
I
)
H. Guthe (Leipzig).
R. Kittel (Breslau).
35
Nahum:
-;
Died September
Professor A.
1S92.
h.id .igreed to
Kuencn who
do
tlu-
liook died
December lO^
189I.
-xhSh*^
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