Statistics In Our Daily Life

PROJECT WORK FOR ADDITIONAL MATHEMATHICS 2012

Name: Rashdan Syahmi Mohd Saidi School : Tapah Science School Guru Pembimbing: Cikgu Najihah Class : 5 Cassia SPM Registry Number: ________

Table Of Contents Num. 1 Question Part A Part B ~ Question 1 ~ Question 2 (a) ~ Question 2 (b) ~ Question 2 (c) ~ Question 3 (a) ~ Question 3 (b) ~ Question 3 (c) Part C Further Exploration Reflection Page

3 4 5

PART A Introduction
We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while we are in Form 5.This project can be done in groups or individually,but each of us are expected to submit an individually written report.Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work,we are to gain valuable experiences and able to: Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and non-routine problems; Experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting and meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills. Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems Experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking,reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected Experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective learning. Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing,and to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that increase interest and confidence Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace

 Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics. Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more creative and innovative Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics

We are expected to submit the project work within three weeks from the first day the task is being administered to us.Failure to submit the written report will result in us not receiving certificate.

Appreciation
First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health to do this project work until it done. Not forgotten to my family for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are related to this project work and their advise, which is the most needed for this project. Internet, books, computers and all that as my source to complete this project. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task so that I will not procrastinate in doing it. Then I would like to thank my teacher, Teacher Najihah for guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this task, but she taught us patiently until we knew what to do. She tried and tried to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work. Besides that, my friends who were doing this project with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had this task done. Last but not least, any party which involved either directly or indirect in completing this project work. Thank you everyone.

History of statistic
By the 18th century, the term "statistics" designated the systematic collection of demographic and economic data by states. In the early 19th century, the meaning of "statistics" broadened, then including the discipline concerned with the collection, summary, and analysis of data. Today statistics is widely employed in government, business, and all the sciences. Electronic computers have expedited statistical computation, and have allowed statisticians to develop "computer-intensive" methods. The term "mathematical statistics" designates the mathematical theories of probability and statistical inference, which are used in statistical practice. The relation between statistics and probability theory developed rather late, however. In the 19th century, statistics increasingly used probability theory, whose initial results were found in the17th and 18th centuries, particularly in the analysis of games of chance (gambling). By 1800, astronomy used probability models and statistical theories, particularly the method of least squares, which was invented by Legendre and Gauss. Early probability theory and statistics was systematized and extended by Laplace; following Laplace, probability and statistics have been in continual development. In the 19th century, social scientists used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the new sciences of experimental psychology and sociology; physical scientists used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the new sciences of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The development of statistical reasoning was closely associated with the development of inductive logic and the scientific method. Statistics is not a field of mathematics but an autonomous mathematical science, like computer science or operations research. Unlike mathematics, statistics had its origins in public administration and maintains a special concern with demography and economics. Being concerned with the scientific method and inductive logic, statistical theory has close association with the philosophy of science; with its emphasis on learning from data and making best predictions, statistics has great overlap with the decision science and microeconomics. With its concerns with data, statistics has overlap with information science and computer science.

Statistics today
During the 20th century, the creation of precise instruments for agricultural research, public health concerns (epidemiology, biostatistics, etc.), industrial quality control, and economic and social purposes (unemployment rate, econometry, etc.) necessitated substantial advances in statistical practices. Today the use of statistics has broadened far beyond its origins. Individuals and organizations use statistics to understand data and make informed decisions throughout the natural and social sciences, medicine, business, and other areas. Statistics is generally regarded not as a subfield of mathematics but rather as a distinct, albeit allied, field. Many universities maintain separate mathematics and statistics departments. Statistics is also taught in departments as diverse as psychology, education, and public health.

Part B
3)

class 1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100

frequency 4 59 85 38 9

(I-a)Bar graph

number of student's additional mathematics marks

90 80 70 Frequency 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan-20 21-40 41-60 Class Marks 61-80 81-100 number of student's additional matheatics marks

(I-B)PIE CHART

number of student's additional mathematics marks

9, 5% 4, 2%

39, 20%

I-20 59, 30% 21-40 41-60 61-80

85, 43%

81-100

(I-C)LINE GRAPH

number of student's additional mathematics marks

90 80 70 Frequency 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 I-20 21-40 41-60 Class Marks 61-80 81-100 number of student's additional mathematics marks

(II) Mode = 50.5 Median = 41-60 Mean = Class midpoint, x 10.5 30.5 50.5 70.5 90.5 Total Frequency, f 4 59 85 38 9 195 fx 42 1799.5 4292.5 2679 814.5 9627.5

= 9627.5/195 =49.37 =The mean is not suitable since the number of family members cannot be a decimal.The most suitable measure of central tendency is either the mode or median.

(III) Range= midpoint of highest class-midpoint of lowest class = 90.5 10.5 = 80 When comparing the range of two sets of data, the set with a greater range is said have a greater variation or dispersion. Thus, the range of this overall data have a greater dispersion.

Standard Deviation =17.45 The standard deviation answer is getting from the square root of a variance which is also a measure of dispersion that has same unit as each value of data. ( )

(a) Class I-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 Total Midpoint, x 10.5 30.5 50.5 70.5 90.5 Frequency, f 4 59 85 38 9 195 Fx 42 1799.5 4292.5 2679 814.5 9627.5 ( )

441 54884.75 216771.25 188869.5 73712.25 534678.75

250000

200000

F X xsquare

150000

100000

50000

0 10.5 30.5 50.5 Midpoint 70.5 90.5

PART C
A(1) X Y 1 10 2 20 3 30 4 40 5 50 6 60 7 75 8 80 9 85 10 90

(2)
100 90 80 70 60 Marks 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 number each student spent in doing additional mathematics (h)

Based on the graph above, it is positive linear correlation which 0 < r < 1. (3) X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 55 Y 10 20 30 40 50 60 75 80 85 90 540 XY 10 40 90 160 250 360 525 640 765 900 3740

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total

1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 385

100 400 900 1600 2500 3600 5625 6400 7225 8100 36450

( ( ) (

) )

( (

)(

) ) ( )

) (

) (

)(

=0.992887 The range of the correlation coefficient is from -1 to 1. Since our result is 0.992887, we can conclude that the strength of the linear relationship between x and y is strong.

B(1) x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 55 y 10 20 30 40 50 60 75 80 85 90 540 xy 10 40 90 160 250 360 525 640 765 900 3740

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total

1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 385

X= Y=

= 5.5 = 54

y-54=9.33(x-5.5) y= 9.33x+2.69

b= = = 9.33

(2)

(3)(i)

Prediction of score for student who spent 7 hours per week is 66%. (ii) Regression analysis is widely used for prediction and forecasting, where its use has substantial overlap with the field of machine learning. Regression analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships Further Exploration x y 1.2 9.13 2.4 3.23 2.8 2.56 3.5 1.83 3.9 1.56 4.3 1.35

(1)

(2) a=

-a=-2.51 a=2.51

0.9605 = 0.1987+

b= b=5.886