Unit 1: Plot and Conflict Conflict: A struggle between opposing forces, can be external or internal. 1.

An external conflict involves a struggle between a character and an external force, such as another character, a force of nature, or society. (Character vs Society, Character vs Force of Nature, Character vs Character) 2. An internal conflict is a struggle that takes place within a character's own mind, as he or she wrestles with difficult thoughts, feelings, or choices. (Character vs Self) Plot: A series of events in a story, typically includes five stages 1. Exposition: Introduces the setting and the characters, Reveals the conflict or sets the stage for it 2. Rising Action: Introduces obstacles that make the conflict more complicated, Builds suspense as the plot thickens 3. Climax: The turning point in the story and the moment of greatests suspense, Presents the conflict as its most intense and dramatic 4. Falling Action: Reveals the outcome of the story's climax, Eases the tension, Shows how the main character resolves the conflict 5. Resolution: Reveals the story's final outcome, ties up any loose ends Unit 2: Character and Point of View 1. First Person Point of View - the one telling the story is involve in the story or a character in the story. It means the author itself is a character. 2. Third Person Point of View - the one telling the story is only a witness of the story. The persona is not involve in the story. 3. Omniscient Point of View - the reader knows everything about the story. Everything is revealed to the reader except to the characters. 4. Limited Omniscient Point of View - the reader does not know everything. There are hidden parts of the story that the reader don't know. Not everything is not revealed to the reader. Characters are portrayerd by: descriptions of a character's looks, clothing, body language, and facial expressions; Presentation of others' impressions of the character and their interactions or relationships with him or her; Presentation of a character's speech patterns, habits, talents, opinions, and interactions with others.

Unit 3: Setting and Mood The setting of a story is the time and place in which action occurs. Setting can affect characters by: determining the jobs and living conditions available to them; influencing their values, attitudes, and emotions. Setting can create conflicts by exposing the characters to dangerous weather or natural disasters; making the characters live through difficult time periods, events, or situations, such as poverty or war. Mood is the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for readers. This can be done using imagery, language that appeals to your senses.; descriptions of characters speech or feelings and descriptions of the setting. Unit 4: Theme and Symbol Themes are messages about a life that a writer wants his or her reader to understand. Universal themes are big ideas that show up frequently in literature of all time periods and cultures. Unit 5: Poetry The difference between a short story and a poem is the form or the structure of the writing. Poems are broken into lines, the length of each line and where it seperates contribute to the poem's meaning and sound. Groups of these lines are called stanzas. Just as a story has a narrator, a poem has a voice as well called the speaker. In a free verse poem, the poet lets the ideas drive where each line breaks and when each stanza ends. Lyric poems are short poems in which a speaker expresses personal thoughts. A sonnet is a lyric poem with 14 liens and regular patterns of rhyme and rhythm. An ode is a lyric poem that deals with an important topic. Sound devices: Rhythm, Rhyme, Repetition, Alliteration, Assonance. Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in each line. The repitition of sounds at the ends of words is called Rhyme. The rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes in characters "ABAB". Repition is the use of a word, phrase, line, or sound more than once. Alitteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. Assonance is the repitition of vowel sounds in words that don't end with the same consonant. Figurative language are descriptions that are not literally true. A simile: a comparison of two things using the word like or as. A description of an object, animal, or idea as if it has human qualities. A comparision of two things that does not include the word like or as.

Couplets are paired rhymed lines. Unit 6: Style, Voice, and Tone In literature, how things are phraswes is called the style. The style has the elements: word choice, sentence structure, and imagery. Sentence structure is the lengths and types of sentences a writer uses. Word choice is the range of vocabulary one uses, formal or informal, slang, etc. Tone is a writer's attitude towards a subject.