Substation Automation and Protection Training

REL 670 Line Distance Protection IED Fuse failure

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FUSE FAILURE the problem

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FUSE FAILURE the idea

Fuse failure function detects the loss of signal from VTs. This information is used to block distance protection function and any other voltage related function.

To Block Voltage related functions

ZM01 ZM02 ZM03 ZM04 ZM05

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FSD the algorithms

Solidly earthed systems Zero sequence algorithm.
Detection of Fuse Failure: high value of zero sequence voltage (3Uo>) absence of zero sequence current (3Io<)

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High impedance earthed systems Negative sequence algorithm.

Detection of Fuse Failure: high value of negative sequence voltage (3U2>) absence of negative sequence current (3I2<)

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD the algorithms

INFORMATION FROM BUILT-IN DEAD PHASE DETECTION

U> and I> check: The line had normal operating conditions for at least 200 ms before the fuse failure was activated Dead phase detection prevents activation of fuse failure during single pole A/R (when temporary unbalance in the primary system could cause unwanted activation of fuse failure signal)
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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD the algorithms

MCB trips generally three phase (3-phase fuse failure) All the three voltages are missing at the same time It is impossible to detect a negative sequence voltage or a zero sequence voltage.

Detection of Fuse (MCB) Failure: Auxiliary contact from the MCB connected to a binary input of the terminal
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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD Presence of line Disconnector

PRESENCE OF LINE DISCONNECTOR

If the line disconnector is open, the undervoltage function could trip.

An auxiliary contact from the disconnector feeds the information CB opened to FUSE FAILURE which operates the signal FSD1-BLKU.

U<

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD Busbar switching (or 3-phase fuse failure)

During busbar switching it can happen that for a while none of the 2 VTs is connected to the terminal.

All the three voltages are missing at the same time It is impossible to detect a negative sequence voltage or a zero sequence voltage. MCB does not trip because there is no failure in secondary circuit.

0 Zm = = 0 I

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No fuse failure is detected and impedance protection might trip!

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FSD Busbar switching (or 3-phase fuse failure)

In this situation FUSE should also operate: Delta U and Delta I algorithm: The delta current and delta voltage algorithm, detects a fuse failure if a sufficient negative change in voltage amplitude without a sufficient change in current amplitude is detected. This algorithm only operates if the circuit breaker is closed.

U/t

I/t

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD (RFUF) Settings

What happens in case of real fuse failure? 3Io or 3I2 is more or less very small, so which algorithm will be choosen? Actually it does not matter which one will be chosen because they both work well in case of real fuse failure. This algorithm has been done to increase the security during network unbalances (single phase opening, faults etc.).
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FSD Settings

Settings for >> and <<

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD Settings
Settings for D I D U algorithm I must have a load to release DI-DU

U (down)

I (up)

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD Settings

Settings for Dead Phase detection

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD Settings

Settings for Locking (seal-in) FUSE FAILURE detection in the non-volatile memory and for its automatic reset at line energization (see next page for state diagram)

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD (RFUF) - State diagram

x,y,z = output status = FSD1-3PH, FSD1-BLKU, FSD1-BLKZ

Switch-on and Switch-off the terminal

re detected Fuse failu ND A

Normal Load Condition 0,0,0

DEAD PH

ASE

Fuse Failuthan 5s Block = ON U functions D SEALIN AN

0,1,0

re detected

more
ized
STORE non-volatile memory Block U, Z functions

nerg Line de-e Block U, Z functions

Internal Latch 0,1,1

ilure No Fuse Fa detected

ted etec re d ) Failupaired use re No F (Fuse

s n5 tha

1,1,1
Line energized FUSE

Block U, Z functions

Fuse Failure Detected

0,1,1

re mo e lur AND ON i Fa = IN se Fu AL SE

A
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d ed cte giz ete ner ee re D) lu Lin Fai ired use pa o F use re n (f ND

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD (RFUF) - State diagram

x,y,z = output status = FSD1-3PH, FSD1-BLKU, FSD1-BLKZ

DISC (ope

ctor) n disconne

Normal Load Condition 0,0,0

tor closed Disconnec

Block U functions by disconnector

0,1,0

MC B

re

pai red

MCB Trip

Block U, Z functions by MCB trip

0,1,1

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD (RFUF) - State diagram

x,y,z = output status = FSD1-3PH, FSD1-BLKU, FSD1-BLKZ
n ope

C DIS

Block U functions by disconnector

sed clo

Switch-on and Switch-off the terminal

0,1,0
E AD PHAS FUSE mor e than 5s
nergized Line de-e

C DIS

FUSE + DE

Normal Load Condition

Block U functions 0,1,0

Block U, Z functions Internal Latch 0,1,1

STORE non-volatile memory Block U, Z functions 1,1,1

Line energized FUSE

0,0,0
No FUSE
MCB Trip

MCB repaired

U No F

F SE (

use

rep

d) aire

Block U, Z functions
FUSE

Block U, Z functions by MCB trip 0,1,1

or Em US F

n5 ha et

0,1,1
n

ed rgiz ed) ene repair in e e L fus E( US oF

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

FSD (RFUF) Configuration

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Substation Automation and Protection Training