Gonzales, Aeriel Ann M.

2011-60376 English 11 [Homework]

ELEMENTS OF POETRY RHYTHM

Music made by the statements of the poem o Includes syllables Reading the poem aloud: STRESSED AND UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES o How the words resonate with each other o How the words flow when linked with one another o Does it sound right Wave-like reccurrence of sound or motion

METER
Metrical language vs. Non-Metrical o Metrical Verse o Non-Metrical Prose Basic structural make-up of the poem Foot metrical unit by which a line is measured o consists of one stressed or accented ( ' ) and one or two unstressed or unaccented syllables ( - ) Line secondary unit of measurement (naming the number of feet in it) o End with a stressed syllable masculine ending o End with an unstressed syllable feminine ending o Caesura pause within a line o End-Stopped Line pause at the end of a line o Run- On/Enjambment no pause within a line (continuous) Stanza group of lines whose metrical pattern is repeated o Couplet 2 lines o Tercet 3 lines o Quatrain 4 lines o Cinquain 5 lines o Sestet 6 lines o Septet 7 lines o Octave 8 lines

RHYME
Similar sounding words at the end of a line Is not applicable in a free verse poem Rhyme Scheme pattern of the rhyme o Denoted with alphabets st nd rd th i.e. aabb ((1 line rhyming with 2 ; 3 rhyming with 4 )

Gonzales, Aeriel Ann M. 2011-60376 English 11 [Homework]

*TONE
Speakers attitude/Writers attitude towards the subject a poem's tone may indicate an attitude of joy, sadness, solemnity, silliness, frustration, anger, puzzlement, etc.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE [USE OF]

Simile - direct comparison between two unlike things usually delivered with the word "like," "as," or "so." Metaphor - a figurative analogy or comparison between two things where the comparison is indicated directly, without the "like" or "as" customary in similes. Metaphors suggest literally that one thing is something else which it clearly is not in reality. o the figurative term is substituted for or identified with the literal term Personification -giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or a concept Apostrophe Addressing someone absent or non-human as if it were human Synechdoche- use of a part for a whole o i.e. heads number of people Metonymy - the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant o i.e hollywood US Cinema Allegory - device used to present an idea, principle or meaning, which can be presented in literary form, such as a poem or novel, in musical form o i.e. George Orwell's Animal Farm is a historical allegory of the Cold War/Bolshevik Revolution in Soviet Union. Hyperbole (hyperstatments) and Understatements exaggeration (hyperbole) or saying less than what one means (understatement) Irony opposite of what one means; o Incongruity between What is said and what is meant (VERBAL IRONY) Appearance and reality Expectation and fulfillment (DRAMATIC IRONY/IRONY OF THE SITUATION) Allusion reference to history or previous literature o Used to reinforce emotion

THEME
Central idea to be conveyed

SYMBOLISM
How thoughts and ideas are conveyed in poems May represent more than one thing

IMAGERY
Create an image o mental picture

Gonzales, Aeriel Ann M. 2011-60376 English 11 [Homework] o Using the 5 senses representation through language of sense experience represent a sound; a smell; a taste; a tactile experience; and an internal sensation.

DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION

Denotation dictionary meanings of words Connotation what it suggests beyond what it expresses o Overtone of meaning o Dependent on how its been used over time

Reuben, Paul P. "PAL: Appendix F: Elements of Poetry." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. URL:http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/append/axf.html