Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Physiologic System
Sensor
Processor
Display Storage
Observer
Optical
Chemical
Acoustic Hydraulic
Optical
Chemical
Acoustic Hydraulic
Types of Sensors
Types of Sensors
Physical
Strain gauge Accelerometer Load cell (force) Pressure sensor Velocimeter Thermistor Metal resistance thermometer Flow sensor
Chemical Bioanalytical
Glucose sensor Lactate sensor
And so on .
Physiologic System
Sensor
Processor
Display Storage
Observer
Time Domain
t
Amplitude
Se rie s1
fo
5fo Frequency
Time
3f 5f 7f Frequency
Transfer Characteristic
Operation, f
Uo(t) = f(Ui(t))
Offset
Vin
Offset
Vout
Vout
Vin
Amplification
Vin Vout
Vin t
Vout t
Vout = Av (Vin )
Av is the voltage gain
Filtration (filtering)
Vin Vin t
Amplitude Amplitude
Filter
Vout
Vout
Series1
fo
5fo Frequency
fo
Frequency
Threshold Detector
Vout
20
27 26 25 24 24 23
10
Time
Analog
Signal
Digitized
Time
Time
Signal
Time
Sampling Theorem
Must sample signal at least at two times the highest frequency component Rule of thumb: sample at five times the highest frequency component
Physiologic System
Sensor
Processor
Display Storage
Observer
Display/Storage Devices
Display Devices
Flashing light or sound Analog meter Digital Meter Computer monitor
Storage Media
Paper chart Magnetic tape Electronic Memory Computer hard disk Other computer memory media
3 4
25.81 units
Digital Meter
Analog Meter
Are there situations where one type of meter would be better than the other? Give some examples of these situations.
Displacement Measurement
Linear displacement (distance between two points) Angular displacement Volume displacement Velocity
d v = (displacement ) dt
d d2 a = (velocity) = 2 (displacement ) dt dt
Acceleration
Variable Resistance
Linear or angular displacement = x
R1 R
+
R2 x
R2 R2 v= E= E R1 + R2 R
E v = x R
R2
Resistance Sensors
Sample Problem
Problem: Find resolution of variable resistance Rtotal = 1,000 Ohms Number of turns = 100
R1 R R2
Resistance change between turns 1,000 /100 turns = 10 /turn Not possible to see resistance change of less than 10
Strain = L = L1 L o R L
Gauge Factor =
R L
L R= A
is a physical property (constant) for a material
Ao Lo
A L